1
|
Wang G, Mao X, Wang W, Wang X, Li S, Wang Z. Bioprinted research models of urological malignancy. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230126. [PMID: 39175884 PMCID: PMC11335473 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Urological malignancy (UM) is among the leading threats to health care worldwide. Recent years have seen much investment in fundamental UM research, including mechanistic investigation, early diagnosis, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine. However, the results are not fully satisfactory. Bioprinted research models (BRMs) with programmed spatial structures and functions can serve as powerful research tools and are likely to disrupt traditional UM research paradigms. Herein, a comprehensive review of BRMs of UM is presented. It begins with a brief introduction and comparison of existing UM research models, emphasizing the advantages of BRMs, such as modeling real tissues and organs. Six kinds of mainstream bioprinting techniques used to fabricate such BRMs are summarized with examples. Thereafter, research advances in the applications of UM BRMs, such as culturing tumor spheroids and organoids, modeling cancer metastasis, mimicking the tumor microenvironment, constructing organ chips for drug screening, and isolating circulating tumor cells, are comprehensively discussed. At the end of this review, current challenges and future development directions of BRMs and UM are highlighted from the perspective of interdisciplinary science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Wang
- Department of UrologyCancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related DiseaseTaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences)Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiongmin Mao
- Department of UrologyCancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of UrologyCancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of UrologyCancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zijian Wang
- Department of UrologyCancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related DiseaseTaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences)Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nicoletti A, Paratore M, Vitale F, Negri M, Quero G, Esposto G, Mignini I, Alfieri S, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA, Zileri Dal Verme L. Understanding the Conundrum of Pancreatic Cancer in the Omics Sciences Era. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7623. [PMID: 39062863 PMCID: PMC11276793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an increasing cause of cancer-related death, with a dismal prognosis caused by its aggressive biology, the lack of clinical symptoms in the early phases of the disease, and the inefficacy of treatments. PC is characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment. The interaction of its cellular components plays a crucial role in tumor development and progression, contributing to the alteration of metabolism and cellular hyperproliferation, as well as to metastatic evolution and abnormal tumor-associated immunity. Furthermore, in response to intrinsic oncogenic alterations and the influence of the tumor microenvironment, cancer cells undergo a complex oncogene-directed metabolic reprogramming that includes changes in glucose utilization, lipid and amino acid metabolism, redox balance, and activation of recycling and scavenging pathways. The advent of omics sciences is revolutionizing the comprehension of the pathogenetic conundrum of pancreatic carcinogenesis. In particular, metabolomics and genomics has led to a more precise classification of PC into subtypes that show different biological behaviors and responses to treatments. The identification of molecular targets through the pharmacogenomic approach may help to personalize treatments. Novel specific biomarkers have been discovered using proteomics and metabolomics analyses. Radiomics allows for an earlier diagnosis through the computational analysis of imaging. However, the complexity, high expertise required, and costs of the omics approach are the main limitations for its use in clinical practice at present. In addition, the studies of extracellular vesicles (EVs), the use of organoids, the understanding of host-microbiota interactions, and more recently the advent of artificial intelligence are helping to make further steps towards precision and personalized medicine. This present review summarizes the main evidence for the application of omics sciences to the study of PC and the identification of future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nicoletti
- CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (M.P.); (F.V.); (M.N.); (G.E.); (I.M.); (A.G.); (L.Z.D.V.)
| | - Mattia Paratore
- CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (M.P.); (F.V.); (M.N.); (G.E.); (I.M.); (A.G.); (L.Z.D.V.)
| | - Federica Vitale
- CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (M.P.); (F.V.); (M.N.); (G.E.); (I.M.); (A.G.); (L.Z.D.V.)
| | - Marcantonio Negri
- CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (M.P.); (F.V.); (M.N.); (G.E.); (I.M.); (A.G.); (L.Z.D.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Centro Pancreas, Chirurgia Digestiva, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.Q.); (S.A.)
| | - Giorgio Esposto
- CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (M.P.); (F.V.); (M.N.); (G.E.); (I.M.); (A.G.); (L.Z.D.V.)
| | - Irene Mignini
- CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (M.P.); (F.V.); (M.N.); (G.E.); (I.M.); (A.G.); (L.Z.D.V.)
| | - Sergio Alfieri
- Centro Pancreas, Chirurgia Digestiva, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.Q.); (S.A.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (M.P.); (F.V.); (M.N.); (G.E.); (I.M.); (A.G.); (L.Z.D.V.)
| | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (M.P.); (F.V.); (M.N.); (G.E.); (I.M.); (A.G.); (L.Z.D.V.)
| | - Lorenzo Zileri Dal Verme
- CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (M.P.); (F.V.); (M.N.); (G.E.); (I.M.); (A.G.); (L.Z.D.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eş I, Ionescu AMT, Görmüş BM, Inci F, Marques MPC, Szita N, de la Torre LG. Monte Carlo simulation-guided design for size-tuned tumor spheroid formation in 3D printed microwells. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3470. [PMID: 38613384 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Tumor spheroid models have garnered significant attention in recent years as they can efficiently mimic in vivo models, and in addition, they offer a more controlled and reproducible environment for evaluating the efficacy of cancer drugs. In this study, we present the design and fabrication of a micromold template to form multicellular spheroids in a high-throughput and controlled-sized fashion. Briefly, polydimethylsiloxane-based micromolds at varying sizes and geometry were fabricated via soft lithography using 3D-printed molds as negative templates. The efficiency of spheroid formation was assessed using GFP-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK-293). After 7 days of culturing, circularity and cell viability of spheroids were >0.8 and 90%, respectively. At 1500 cells/microwell of cell seeding concentration, the spheroids were 454 ± 15 μm, 459 ± 7 μm, and 451 ± 18 μm when cultured in microwells with the diameters of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 μm, respectively. Moreover, the distance between each microwell and surfactant treatment before cell seeding notably impacted the uniform spheroid formation. The centrifugation was the key step to collect cells on the bottom of the microwells. Our findings were further verified using a commercial microplate. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulation confirmed the seeding conditions where the spheroids could be formed. This study showed prominent steps in investigating spheroid formation, thereby leveraging the current know-how on the mechanism of tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Eş
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Burak M Görmüş
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marco P C Marques
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucimara Gaziola de la Torre
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song X, Nihashi Y, Yamamoto M, Setoyama D, Kunisaki Y, Kida YS. Exploring the Role of Desmoplastic Physical Stroma in Pancreatic Cancer Progression Using a Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1437. [PMID: 38136028 PMCID: PMC10741102 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a refractory tumor with a poor prognosis, and its complex microenvironment is characterized by a fibrous interstitial matrix surrounding PDAC cells. Type I collagen is a major component of this interstitial matrix. Abundant type I collagen promotes its deposition and cross-linking to form a rigid and dense physical barrier, which limits drug penetration and immune cell infiltration and provides drug resistance and metabolic adaptations. In this study, to identify the physical effect of the stroma, type I collagen was used as a 3D matrix to culture Capan-1 cells and generate a 3D PDAC model. Using transcriptome analysis, a link between type I collagen-induced physical effects and the promotion of Capan-1 cell proliferation and migration was determined. Moreover, metabolomic analysis revealed that the physical effect caused a shift in metabolism toward a glycolytic phenotype. In particular, the high expression of proline in the metabolites suggests the ability to maintain Capan-1 cell proliferation under hypoxic and nutrient-depleted conditions. In conclusion, we identified type I collagen-induced physical effects in promoting Capan-1 cells, which cause PDAC progression, providing support for the role of dense stroma in the PDAC microenvironment and identifying a fundamental method for modeling the complex PDAC microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Song
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan;
| | - Yuma Nihashi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan;
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Department of Research Promotion and Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita 564-8565, Japan;
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Yuya Kunisaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Yasuyuki S. Kida
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan;
- School of Integrative & Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
El Harane S, Zidi B, El Harane N, Krause KH, Matthes T, Preynat-Seauve O. Cancer Spheroids and Organoids as Novel Tools for Research and Therapy: State of the Art and Challenges to Guide Precision Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071001. [PMID: 37048073 PMCID: PMC10093533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research. They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) cultures are closer to the in vivo reality and open promising perspectives for academic research, drug screening, and personalized medicine. A large variety of cells and tissues, including tumor cells, can be the starting material for the generation of 3D cultures, including primary tissues, stem cells, or cell lines. A panoply of methods has been developed to generate 3D structures, including spontaneous or forced cell aggregation, air-liquid interface conditions, low cell attachment supports, magnetic levitation, and scaffold-based technologies. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on (i) the origin of the tissue, (ii) the presence or absence of a disease, and (iii) the intended application. This review summarizes methods and approaches for the generation of cancer spheroids and organoids, including their advantages and limitations. We also highlight some of the challenges and unresolved issues in the field of cancer spheroids and organoids, and discuss possible therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanae El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bochra Zidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Cell Therapy, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pancreatic Cancer Organoids: An Emerging Platform for Precision Medicine? Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030890. [PMID: 36979869 PMCID: PMC10046065 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies, with remarkable resistance to treatment, poor prognosis, and poor clinical outcome. More efficient therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to improve patients’ survival. Recently, the development of organoid culture systems has gained substantial attention as an emerging preclinical research model. PDAC organoids have been developed to study pancreatic cancer biology, progression, and treatment response, filling the translational gap between in vitro and in vivo models. Here, we review the rapidly evolving field of PDAC organoids and their potential as powerful preclinical tools that could pave the way towards precision medicine for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Fabrication of Cell Spheroids for 3D Cell Culture and Biomedical Applications. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
8
|
Guo W, Chen Z, Feng Z, Li H, Zhang M, Zhang H, Cui X. Fabrication of Concave Microwells and Their Applications in Micro-Tissue Engineering: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13091555. [PMID: 36144178 PMCID: PMC9505614 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At present, there is an increasing need to mimic the in vivo micro-environment in the culture of cells and tissues in micro-tissue engineering. Concave microwells are becoming increasingly popular since they can provide a micro-environment that is closer to the in vivo environment compared to traditional microwells, which can facilitate the culture of cells and tissues. Here, we will summarize the fabrication methods of concave microwells, as well as their applications in micro-tissue engineering. The fabrication methods of concave microwells include traditional methods, such as lithography and etching, thermal reflow of photoresist, laser ablation, precision-computerized numerical control (CNC) milling, and emerging technologies, such as surface tension methods, the deformation of soft membranes, 3D printing, the molding of microbeads, air bubbles, and frozen droplets. The fabrication of concave microwells is transferring from professional microfabrication labs to common biochemical labs to facilitate their applications and provide convenience for users. Concave microwells have mostly been used in organ-on-a-chip models, including the formation and culture of 3D cell aggregates (spheroids, organoids, and embryoids). Researchers have also used microwells to study the influence of substrate topology on cellular behaviors. We will briefly review their applications in different aspects of micro-tissue engineering and discuss the further applications of concave microwells. We believe that building multiorgan-on-a-chip by 3D cell aggregates of different cell lines will be a popular application of concave microwells, while integrating physiologically relevant molecular analyses with the 3D culture platform will be another popular application in the near future. Furthermore, 3D cell aggregates from these biosystems will find more applications in drug screening and xenogeneic implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zejingqiu Chen
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zitao Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Muyang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huiru Zhang
- Guangdong Foshan Lianchuang Graduate School of Engineering, Foshan 528311, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He J, Zhou C, Xu X, Zhou Z, Danoy M, Shinohara M, Xiao W, Zhu D, Zhao X, Feng X, Mao Y, Sun W, Sakai Y, Yang H, Pang Y. Scalable Formation of Highly Viable and Functional Hepatocellular Carcinoma Spheroids in an Oxygen-Permeable Microwell Device for Anti-Tumor Drug Evaluation. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200863. [PMID: 35841538 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
For high-throughput anti-cancer drug screening, microwell arrays may serve as an effective tool to generate uniform and scalable tumor spheroids. However, microwell arrays are commonly anchored in non-oxygen-permeable culture plates, leading to limited oxygen supply for avascular spheroids. Herein, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based oxygen-permeable microwell device is introduced for generating highly viable and functional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) spheroids. The PDMS sheets at the bottom of the microwell device provide a high flux of oxygen like in vivo neighboring hepatic sinusoids. Owing to the better oxygen supply, the generated HepG2 spheroids are larger in size and exhibit higher viability and proliferation with less cell apoptosis and necrosis. These spheroids also exhibit lower levels of anaerobic cellular respiration and express higher levels of liver-related functions. In anti-cancer drug testing, spheroids cultured in PDMS plates show a significantly stronger resistance against doxorubicin because of the stronger stem-cell and multidrug resistance phenotype. Moreover, higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A produces a stronger angiogenesis capability of the spheroids. Overall, compared to the spheroids cultured in conventional non-oxygen-permeable plates, these spheroids can be used as a more favorable model for early-stage HCCs and be applied in high-throughput anti-cancer drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu He
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chang Zhou
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Changping District, Beijing, 102218, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Mathieu Danoy
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-033, Japan
| | - Marie Shinohara
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Wenjin Xiao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMR-S1138, CNRS SNC5014, University of Paris, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Dong Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Changping District, Beijing, 102218, P. R. China
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Changping District, Beijing, 102218, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Changping District, Beijing, 102218, P. R. China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-033, Japan
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Pang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baek S, Yu SE, Deng Y, Lee Y, Lee DG, Kim S, Yoon S, Kim H, Park J, Lee CH, Lee JB, Kong HJ, Kang S, Shin YM, Sung H. Quenching Epigenetic Drug Resistance Using Antihypoxic Microparticles in Glioblastoma Patient-Derived Chips. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102226. [PMID: 34963195 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most intractable tumor types due to the progressive drug resistance upon tumor mass expansion. Incremental hypoxia inside the growing tumor mass drives epigenetic drug resistance by activating nongenetic repair of antiapoptotic DNA, which could be impaired by drug treatment. Hence, rescuing intertumor hypoxia by oxygen-generating microparticles may promote susceptibility to antitumor drugs. Moreover, a tumor-on-a-chip model enables user-specified alternation of clinic-derived samples. This study utilizes patient-derived glioblastoma tissue to generate cell spheroids with size variations in a 3D microchannel network chip (GBM chip). As the spheroid size increases, epigenetic drug resistance is promoted with inward hypoxia severance, as supported by the spheroid size-proportional expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a in the chip. Loading antihypoxia microparticles onto the spheroid surface significantly reduces drug resistance by silencing the expression of critical epigenetic factor, resulting in significantly decreased cell invasiveness. The results are confirmed in vitro using cell line and patient samples in the chip as well as chip implantation into a hypoxic hindlimb ischemia model in mice, which is an unprecedented approach in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sewoom Baek
- Department of Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science Medical Device Engineering and Management Department of Medical Engineering Yonsei University College of Medicine 50‐1 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Yu
- Department of Medical Engineering Yonsei University College of Medicine 50‐1 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu‐Heng Deng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Yong‐Jae Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yonsei University College of Medicine 50‐1 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gue Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery Yonsei University College of Medicine 50‐1 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Surim Kim
- Department of Bio‐convergence Yonsei University Underwood International College 50‐1 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Seonjin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery Yonsei University College of Medicine 50‐1 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye‐Seon Kim
- Department of Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science Medical Device Engineering and Management Department of Medical Engineering Yonsei University College of Medicine 50‐1 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Park
- Department of Medical Engineering Yonsei University College of Medicine 50‐1 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Medical Engineering Yonsei University College of Medicine 50‐1 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Science Sookmyung Women's University 25, Cheongpa‐ro 47ga‐gil, Yongsan‐gu Seoul 04314 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Seok‐Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery Yonsei University College of Medicine 50‐1 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Shin
- Department of Medical Engineering Yonsei University College of Medicine 50‐1 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hak‐Joon Sung
- Department of Medical Engineering Yonsei University College of Medicine 50‐1 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Goudar VS, Koduri MP, Ta YNN, Chen Y, Chu LA, Lu LS, Tseng FG. Impact of a Desmoplastic Tumor Microenvironment for Colon Cancer Drug Sensitivity: A Study with 3D Chimeric Tumor Spheroids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:48478-48491. [PMID: 34633791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture provides opportunities to model tumor growth closer to its natural context. The collagen network in the extracellular matrix supports autonomic tumor cell proliferation, but its presence and role in tumor spheroids remain unclear. In this research, we developed an in vitro 3D co-culture model in a microwell 3D (μ-well 3D) cell-culture array platform to mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME). The modular setup is used to characterize the paracrine signaling molecules and the role of the intraspheroidal collagen network in cancer drug resistance. The μ-well 3D platform is made up of poly(dimethylsiloxane) that contains 630 round wells for individual spheroid growth. Inside each well, the growth surface measured 500 μm in diameter and was functionalized with the amphiphilic copolymer. HCT-8 colon cancer cells and/or NIH3T3 fibroblasts were seeded in each well and incubated for up to 9 days for TME studies. It was observed that NIH3T3 cells promoted the kinetics of tumor organoid formation. The two types of cells self-organized into core-shell chimeric tumor spheroids (CTSs) with fibroblasts confined to the shell and cancer cells localized to the core. Confocal microscopy analysis indicated that a type-I collagen network developed inside the CTS along with increased TGF-β1 and α-SMA proteins. The results were correlated with a significantly increased stiffness in 3D co-cultured CTS up to 52 kPa as compared to two-dimensional (2D) co-culture. CTS was more resistant to 5-FU (IC50 = 14.0 ± 3.9 μM) and Regorafenib (IC50 = 49.8 ± 9.9 μM) compared to cells grown under the 2D condition 5-FU (IC50 = 12.2 ± 3.7 μM) and Regorafenib (IC50 = 5.9 ± 1.9 μM). Targeted collagen homeostasis with Sclerotiorin led to damaged collagen structure and disrupted the type-I collagen network within CTS. Such a treatment significantly sensitized collagen-supported CTS to 5-FU (IC50 = 4.4 ± 1.3 μM) and to Regorafenib (IC50 = 0.5 ± 0.2 μM). In summary, the efficient formation of colon cancer CTSs in a μ-well 3D culture platform allows exploration of the desmoplastic TME. The novel role of intratumor collagen quality as a drug sensitization target warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkanagouda S Goudar
- Department of Engineering and System Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Manohar Prasad Koduri
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Harrison Hughes Building, Liverpool L693GH, U.K
| | - Yen-Nhi Ngoc Ta
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yunching Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-An Chu
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Long-Sheng Lu
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Diverse Applications of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Organoids. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194979. [PMID: 34638463 PMCID: PMC8508245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid malignancies. While immortalized cancer cell lines and genetically engineered murine models have increased our understanding of PDAC tumorigenesis, they do not recapitulate inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity. PDAC patient derived organoid (PDO) biobanks have overcome this hurdle, and provide an opportunity for the high throughput screening of potential new therapies. This review provides a summary of the PDAC PDO biobanks established to date, and discusses how they have advanced our understanding of PDAC biology. Looking forward, the development of coculturing techniques for specific immune or stromal cell populations will enable a better understanding of the crosstalk that occurs within the tumor microenvironment, and the impact of this crosstalk on treatment response.
Collapse
|
13
|
Grubb ML, Caliari SR. Fabrication approaches for high-throughput and biomimetic disease modeling. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:52-82. [PMID: 33716174 PMCID: PMC8433272 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is often a tradeoff between in vitro disease modeling platforms that capture pathophysiologic complexity and those that are amenable to high-throughput fabrication and analysis. However, this divide is closing through the application of a handful of fabrication approaches-parallel fabrication, automation, and flow-driven assembly-to design sophisticated cellular and biomaterial systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight methods for the fabrication of high-throughput biomaterial-based platforms and showcase examples that demonstrate their utility over a range of throughput and complexity. We conclude with a discussion of future considerations for the continued development of higher-throughput in vitro platforms that capture the appropriate level of biological complexity for the desired application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is a pressing need for new biomedical tools to study and understand disease. These platforms should mimic the complex properties of the body while also permitting investigation of many combinations of cells, extracellular cues, and/or therapeutics in high-throughput. This review summarizes emerging strategies to fabricate biomimetic disease models that bridge the gap between complex tissue-mimicking microenvironments and high-throughput screens for personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Grubb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Singh J, Hatcher S, Ku AA, Ding Z, Feng FY, Sharma RA, Pfister SX. Model Selection for the Preclinical Development of New Drug-Radiotherapy Combinations. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:694-704. [PMID: 34474951 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays an essential role in the treatment of more than half of all patients with cancer. In recent decades, advances in devices that deliver radiation and the development of treatment planning software have helped radiotherapy attain precise tumour targeting with minimal toxicity to surrounding tissues. Simultaneously, as more targeted drug therapies are being brought into the market, there has been significant interest in improving cure rates for cancer by adding drugs to radiotherapy to widen the therapeutic window, the difference between normal tissue toxicity and treatment efficacy. The development of new combination therapies will require judicious adaptation of preclinical models that are routinely used for traditional drug discovery. Here we highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each of these preclinical models and discuss how they can be used optimally to identify new and clinically beneficial drug-radiotherapy combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Singh
- Global Translational Science, Varian, a Siemens Healthineers company, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - S Hatcher
- Global Translational Science, Varian, a Siemens Healthineers company, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - A A Ku
- Global Translational Science, Varian, a Siemens Healthineers company, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Z Ding
- Global Translational Science, Varian, a Siemens Healthineers company, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - F Y Feng
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - R A Sharma
- Global Translational Science, Varian, a Siemens Healthineers company, Palo Alto, California, USA; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - S X Pfister
- Global Translational Science, Varian, a Siemens Healthineers company, Palo Alto, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lei KF, Chen QE, Goh A, Pai PC. Analysis of a Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Single Colony Raised in a Microwell Array. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5099-5105. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kin Fong Lei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Qing-En Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Goh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ping Ching Pai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hameed P, Manivasagam G. An overview of bio-actuation in collagen hydrogels: a mechanobiological phenomenon. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:387-403. [PMID: 34178172 PMCID: PMC8214648 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their congruity with the native extracellular matrix and their ability to assist in soft tissue repair, hydrogels have been touted as a matrix mimicking biomaterial. Hydrogels are one of the prevalent scaffolds used for 3D cell culture. They can exhibit actuation in response to various stimuli like a magnetic field, electric field, mechanical force, temperature, or pH. In 3D cell culture, the traction exerted by cells on hydrogel can induce non-periodic mechanobiological movements (shrinking or folding) called 'bio-actuation'. Interestingly, this hydrogel 'tropism' phenomenon in 3D cell cultures can be exploited to devise hydrogel-cell-based actuators for tissue engineering. This review briefs about the discrepancies in 2D vs. 3D cell culturing on hydrogels and discusses on different types of cell migration occurring inside the hydrogel matrix. It substantiates the role of mechanical stimuli (such as stiffness) exhibited by the collagen-based hydrogel used for 3D cell culture and its influence in governing the lineage commitment of stem cells. Lastly, the review also audits the cytoskeleton proteins present in cells responsible for influencing the actuation of collagen hydrogel and also elaborates on the cellular signaling pathways responsible for actuation of collagen hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pearlin Hameed
- Centre for Biomaterials Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 India
| | - Geetha Manivasagam
- Centre for Biomaterials Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen C, Rengarajan V, Kjar A, Huang Y. A matrigel-free method to generate matured human cerebral organoids using 3D-Printed microwell arrays. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1130-1139. [PMID: 33134606 PMCID: PMC7577195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current methods of generating human cerebral organoids rely excessively on the use of Matrigel or other external extracellular matrices (ECM) for cell micro-environmental modulation. Matrigel embedding is problematic for long-term culture and clinical applications due to high inconsistency and other limitations. In this study, we developed a novel microwell culture platform based on 3D printing. This platform, without using Matrigel or external signaling molecules (i.e., SMAD and Wnt inhibitors), successfully generated matured human cerebral organoids with robust formation of high-level features (i.e., wrinkling/folding, lumens, neuronal layers). The formation and timing were comparable or superior to the current Matrigel methods, yet with improved consistency. The effect of microwell geometries (curvature and resolution) and coating materials (i.e., mPEG, Lipidure, BSA) was studied, showing that mPEG outperformed all other coating materials, while curved-bottom microwells outperformed flat-bottom ones. In addition, high-resolution printing outperformed low-resolution printing by creating faithful, isotropically-shaped microwells. The trend of these effects was consistent across all developmental characteristics, including EB formation efficiency and sphericity, organoid size, wrinkling index, lumen size and thickness, and neuronal layer thickness. Overall, the microwell device that was mPEG-coated, high-resolution printed, and bottom curved demonstrated the highest efficacy in promoting organoid development. This platform provided a promising strategy for generating uniform and mature human cerebral organoids as an alternative to Matrigel/ECM-embedding methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Kjar
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Daunys S, Janonienė A, Januškevičienė I, Paškevičiūtė M, Petrikaitė V. 3D Tumor Spheroid Models for In Vitro Therapeutic Screening of Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1295:243-270. [PMID: 33543463 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of compounds and nanoparticles is most often determined in the cell monolayer. However, three-dimensional (3D) systems, such as tumor spheroids, are more representing the natural tumor microenvironment. They have been shown to have higher invasiveness and resistance to cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy compared to cells growing in 2D monolayer. Furthermore, to improve the prediction of clinical efficacy of drugs, in the past decades, even more sophisticated systems, such as multicellular 3D cultures, closely representing natural tumor microenvironment have been developed. Those cultures are formed from either cell lines or patient-derived tumor cells. Such models are very attractive and could improve the selection of tested materials for clinical trials avoiding unnecessary expensive tests in vivo. The microenvironment in tumor spheroids is different, and those differences or the interaction between several cell populations may contribute to different tumor response to the treatment. Also, different types of nanoparticles may have different behavior in 3D models, depending on their nature, physicochemical properties, the presence of targeting ligands on the surface, etc. Therefore, it is very important to understand in which cases which type of tumor spheroid is more suitable for testing specific types of nanoparticles, which conditions should be used, and which analytical method should be applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simonas Daunys
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Janonienė
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indrė Januškevičienė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Miglė Paškevičiūtė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Boot RC, Koenderink GH, Boukany PE. Spheroid mechanics and implications for cell invasion. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1978316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben C. Boot
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsje H. Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pouyan E. Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Suri R, Zimmerman JW, Burkhart RA. Modeling human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma for translational research: current options, challenges, and prospective directions. ANNALS OF PANCREATIC CANCER 2020; 3:17. [PMID: 33889840 PMCID: PMC8059695 DOI: 10.21037/apc-20-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating malignancy with one of the lowest survival rates. Early detection, an improved understanding of tumor biology, and novel therapeutic discoveries are needed in order to improve overall patient survival. Scientific progress towards meeting these goals relies upon accurate modeling of the human disease. From two-dimensional (2D) cell lines to the advanced modeling available today, we aim to characterize the critical tools in efforts to further understand PDAC biology. The National Center for Biotechnology Information's PubMed and the Elsevier's SCOPUS were used to perform a comprehensive literature review evaluating preclinical human-derived PDAC models. Keywords included pancreatic cancer, PDAC, preclinical models, KRAS mutations, xenograft, co-culturing fibroblasts, co-culturing lymphocytes and PDAC immunotherapy Initial search was limited to articles about PDAC and was then expanded to include other gastrointestinal malignancies where information may complement our effort. A supervised review of the key literature's references was utilized to augment the capture of relevant data. The discovery and refinement of techniques enabling immortalized 2D cell culture provided the cornerstone for modern cancer biology research. Cell lines have been widely used to represent PDAC in vitro but are limited in capacity to model three-dimensional (3D) tumor attributes and interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Xenografts are an alternative method to model PDAC with improved capacity to understand certain aspects of 3D tumor biology in vivo while limited by the use of immunodeficient mice. Advances of in vitro modeling techniques have led to 3D organoid models for PDAC biology. Co-culturing models in the 3D environment have been proposed as an efficient modeling system for improving upon the limitations encountered in the standard 2D and xenograft tumor models. The integrated network of cells and stroma that comprise PDAC in vivo need to be accurately depicted ex vivo to continue to make progress in this disease. Recapitulating the complex tumor microenvironment in a preclinical model of human disease is an outstanding and urgent need in PDAC. Definitive characterization of available human models for PDAC serves to further the core mission of pancreatic cancer translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reecha Suri
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelyn W. Zimmerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A. Burkhart
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Doctor A, Seifert V, Ullrich M, Hauser S, Pietzsch J. Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Systems in Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102765. [PMID: 32993034 PMCID: PMC7600608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In preclinical cancer research, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems such as multicellular spheroids and organoids are becoming increasingly important. They provide valuable information before studies on animal models begin and, in some cases, are even suitable for reducing or replacing animal experiments. Furthermore, they recapitulate microtumors, metastases, and the tumor microenvironment much better than monolayer culture systems could. Three-dimensional models show higher structural complexity and diverse cell interactions while reflecting (patho)physiological phenomena such as oxygen and nutrient gradients in the course of their growth or development. These interactions and properties are of great importance for understanding the pathophysiological importance of stromal cells and the extracellular matrix for tumor progression, treatment response, or resistance mechanisms of solid tumors. Special emphasis is placed on co-cultivation with tumor-associated cells, which further increases the predictive value of 3D models, e.g., for drug development. The aim of this overview is to shed light on selected 3D models and their advantages and disadvantages, especially from the radiopharmacist's point of view with focus on the suitability of 3D models for the radiopharmacological characterization of novel radiotracers and radiotherapeutics. Special attention is paid to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as a predestined target for the development of new radionuclide-based theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Doctor
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.D.); (V.S.); (M.U.); (S.H.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Verena Seifert
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.D.); (V.S.); (M.U.); (S.H.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.D.); (V.S.); (M.U.); (S.H.)
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.D.); (V.S.); (M.U.); (S.H.)
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.D.); (V.S.); (M.U.); (S.H.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-260-2622
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Piehler S, Wucherpfennig L, Tansi FL, Berndt A, Quaas R, Teichgraeber U, Hilger I. Hyperthermia affects collagen fiber architecture and induces apoptosis in pancreatic and fibroblast tumor hetero-spheroids in vitro. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102183. [PMID: 32222478 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Desmoplasia, an aberrant production of extracellular matrix (ECM), is considered as one predictive marker of malignancy of pancreatic cancer. In this paper, we study the effect of mild hyperthermia on fibrillary collagen architecture in murine Achilles tendons and in a pancreatic cancer model, in vitro, i.e. 3D hetero-type tumor spheroids, consisting of pancreatic cancer (Panc-1) cells and fibroblasts (WI-38), producing collagen fibers. We clearly demonstrate that i) mild hyperthermia (40 °C, 42 °C) damages the collagen architecture in murine Achilles tendons. ii) Mild extrinsic (hot air) and iron oxide nanoparticle based magnetic hyperthermia reduce the level of collagen fiber architecture in the generated hetero-type tumor spheroids. iii) Mild magnetic hyperthermia reduces cell vitality mainly through apoptotic and necrotic processes in the generated tumor spheroids. In conclusion, hetero-type 3D tumor spheroids are suitable for studying the effect of hyperthermia on collagen fibers, in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Piehler
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Lena Wucherpfennig
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Felista L Tansi
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Berndt
- Section Pathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Teichgraeber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang T, Wang L, Wang G, Zhuang Y. Leveraging and manufacturing in vitro multicellular spheroid-based tumor cell model as a preclinical tool for translating dysregulated tumor metabolism into clinical targets and biomarkers. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
24
|
Cavo M, Delle Cave D, D'Amone E, Gigli G, Lonardo E, Del Mercato LL. A synergic approach to enhance long-term culture and manipulation of MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer spheroids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10192. [PMID: 32576846 PMCID: PMC7311540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour spheroids have the potential to be used as preclinical chemo-sensitivity assays. However, the production of three-dimensional (3D) tumour spheroids remains challenging as not all tumour cell lines form spheroids with regular morphologies and spheroid transfer often induces disaggregation. In the field of pancreatic cancer, the MiaPaCa-2 cell line is an interesting model for research but it is known for its difficulty to form stable spheroids; also, when formed, spheroids from this cell line are weak and arduous to manage and to harvest for further analyses such as multiple staining and imaging. In this work, we compared different methods (i.e. hanging drop, round-bottom wells and Matrigel embedding, each of them with or without methylcellulose in the media) to evaluate which one allowed to better overpass these limitations. Morphometric analysis indicated that hanging drop in presence of methylcellulose leaded to well-organized spheroids; interestingly, quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis reflected the morphometric characterization, indicating that same spheroids expressed the highest values of CD44, VIMENTIN, TGF-β1 and Ki-67. In addition, we investigated the generation of MiaPaCa-2 spheroids when cultured on substrates of different hydrophobicity, in order to minimize the area in contact with the culture media and to further improve spheroid formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cavo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Donatella Delle Cave
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR-IGB), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Eliana D'Amone
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Enza Lonardo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR-IGB), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Han S, Kim S, Chen Z, Shin HK, Lee SY, Moon HE, Paek SH, Park S. 3D Bioprinted Vascularized Tumour for Drug Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2993. [PMID: 32340319 PMCID: PMC7215771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vitro screening system for anti-cancer drugs cannot exactly reflect the efficacy of drugs in vivo, without mimicking the tumour microenvironment (TME), which comprises cancer cells interacting with blood vessels and fibroblasts. Additionally, the tumour size should be controlled to obtain reliable and quantitative drug responses. Herein, we report a bioprinting method for recapitulating the TME with a controllable spheroid size. The TME was constructed by printing a blood vessel layer consisting of fibroblasts and endothelial cells in gelatine, alginate, and fibrinogen, followed by seeding multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTSs) of glioblastoma cells (U87 MG) onto the blood vessel layer. Under MCTSs, sprouts of blood vessels were generated and surrounding MCTSs thereby increasing the spheroid size. The combined treatment involving the anti-cancer drug temozolomide (TMZ) and the angiogenic inhibitor sunitinib was more effective than TMZ alone for MCTSs surrounded by blood vessels, which indicates the feasibility of the TME for in vitro testing of drug efficacy. These results suggest that the bioprinted vascularized tumour is highly useful for understanding tumour biology, as well as for in vitro drug testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seokgyu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.); (Z.C.)
| | - Sein Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Zhenzhong Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.); (Z.C.)
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.E.M.); (S.H.P.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Hypoxia Ischemia Disease Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.E.M.); (S.H.P.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Hypoxia Ischemia Disease Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (iQB), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li Z, Guo X, Sun L, Xu J, Liu W, Li T, Wang J. A simple microsphere‐based mold to rapidly fabricate microwell arrays for multisize 3D tumor culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1092-1100. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixiu Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Lili Sun
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Wenming Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Tianbao Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Swayden M, Soubeyran P, Iovanna J. Upcoming Revolutionary Paths in Preclinical Modeling of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1443. [PMID: 32038993 PMCID: PMC6987422 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, PDAC remains the cancer having the worst prognosis with mortality rates constantly on the rise. Efficient cures are still absent, despite all attempts to understand the aggressive physiopathology underlying this disease. A major stumbling block is the outdated preclinical modeling strategies applied in assessing effectiveness of novel anticancer therapeutics. Current in vitro preclinical models have a low fidelity to mimic the exact architectural and functional complexity of PDAC tumor found in human set, due to the lack of major components such as immune system and tumor microenvironment with its associated chemical and mechanical signals. The existing PDAC preclinical platforms are still far from being reliable and trustworthy to guarantee the success of a drug in clinical trials. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to innovate novel in vitro preclinical models that mirrors with precision tumor-microenvironment interface, pressure of immune system, and molecular and morphological aspects of the PDAC normally experienced within the living organ. This review outlines the traditional preclinical models of PDAC namely 2D cell lines, genetically engineered mice, and xenografts, and describing the present famous approach of 3D organoids. We offer a detailed narration of the pros and cons of each model system. Finally, we suggest the incorporation of two off-center newly born techniques named 3D bio-printing and organs-on-chip and discuss the potentials of swine models and in silico tools, as powerful new tools able to transform PDAC preclinical modeling to a whole new level and open new gates in personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Swayden
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Soubeyran
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wallace D, Buha-Đorđević A, Benton A. Toxicity of organic and inorganic nickel in pancreatic cell cultures: Comparison to cadmium. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2020. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm70-29277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel compounds are Group 1 carcinogens and possibly cancer-causing in the pancreas. We examined the toxicity of nickel in both 2-D and 3-D pancreatic cell cultures, to determine the LD50 for organic and inorganic nickel in normal and cancerous cells. Assays with cadmium chloride were performed to be a comparison to potential nickel-induced toxicity. Cells were exposed to twelve concentrations of NiCl2 or Ni-(Ac)2 for 48h (2-D), or six concentrations for 48 hours (3-D). There was a significant (P=0.0016) difference between HPNE and AsPC-1 LD50 values after cadmium exposure, at 69.9 µM and 29.2 µM, respectively. Neither form of nickel exhibited toxicity in 2-D or 3-D cultures, but after 48h, changes in spheroid morphology were observed. The inability of Ni to reduce viable cell numbers suggests a toxic mechanism that differs from cadmium, also a Group 1 carcinogen. The cell microenvironment was not a factor in nickel toxicity with no changes in viable cells in either 2-D or 3-D cultures. These studies only examined cytotoxicity, and not genotoxicity, a potential mechanism of nickel carcinogenicity. Alterations in DNA function or the expression of apoptotic proteins/processes would take longer to manifest. Current work focuses on cellular changes following extended nickel exposure.
Collapse
|
29
|
Leenhardt R, Camus M, Mestas JL, Jeljeli M, Abou Ali E, Chouzenoux S, Bordacahar B, Nicco C, Batteux F, Lafon C, Prat F. Ultrasound-induced Cavitation enhances the efficacy of Chemotherapy in a 3D Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with its microenvironment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18916. [PMID: 31831785 PMCID: PMC6908636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is supported by a complex microenvironment whose physical contribution to chemoresistance could be overcome by ultrasound (US) therapy. This study aims to investigate the ability of US-induced inertial cavitation in association with chemotherapy to alter tumor cell viability via microenvironment disruption. For this purpose, we used a 3D-coculture PDAC model partially mimicking the tumor and its microenvironment. Coculture spheroids combining DT66066 cells isolated from KPC-transgenic mice and murine embryonic fibroblasts (iMEF) were obtained by using a magnetic nanoshuttle method. Spheroids were exposed to US with incremental inertial cavitation indexes. Conditions studied included control, gemcitabine, US-cavitation and US-cavitation + gemcitabine. Spheroid viability was assessed by the reduction of resazurin and flow cytometry. The 3D-coculture spheroid model incorporated activated fibroblasts and produced type 1-collagen, thus providing a partial miniature representation of tumors with their microenvironment. Main findings were: (a) Gemcitabine (5 μM) was significantly less cytotoxic in the presence of KPC/iMEFs spheroids compared with KPC (fibroblast-free) spheroids; (b) US-induced inertial cavitation combined with Gemcitabine significantly decreased spheroid viability compared to Gemcitabine alone; (c) both cavitation and chemotherapy affected KPC cell viability but not that of fibroblasts, confirming the protective role of the latter vis-à-vis tumor cells. Gemcitabine toxicity is enhanced when cocultured spheroids of KPC and iMEF are exposed to US-cavitation. Although the model used is only a partial representation of PDAC, this experience supports the hypothesis that US-inertial cavitation can enhance drug penetration and cytotoxicity by disrupting PDAC microenvironment.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Ultrasonic Therapy
- Gemcitabine
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Leenhardt
- University of Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - M Camus
- Sorbonne University, APHP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J L Mestas
- LabTAU, INSERM U1032, Centre Léon Bérard, Université-Lyon 1, Lyon, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - M Jeljeli
- University of Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - E Abou Ali
- University of Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - S Chouzenoux
- University of Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - B Bordacahar
- University of Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - C Nicco
- University of Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - F Batteux
- University of Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - C Lafon
- LabTAU, INSERM U1032, Centre Léon Bérard, Université-Lyon 1, Lyon, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - F Prat
- University of Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Akbarzadeh M, Maroufi NF, Tazehkand AP, Akbarzadeh M, Bastani S, Safdari R, Farzane A, Fattahi A, Nejabati HR, Nouri M, Samadi N. Current approaches in identification and isolation of cancer stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14759-14772. [PMID: 30741412 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor cells with initiating ability, self-renewal potential, and intrinsic resistance to conventional therapeutics. Efficient isolation and characterization of CSCs pave the way for more comprehensive knowledge about tumorigenesis, heterogeneity, and chemoresistance. Also a better understanding of CSCs will lead to novel era of both basic and clinical cancer research, reclassification of human tumors, and development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Finding novel diagnostic and effective therapeutic strategies also enhance the success of treatment in cancer patients. There are various methods based on the characteristics of the CSCs to detect and isolate these cells, some of which have recently developed. This review summarized current techniques for effective isolation and characterization of CSCs with a focus on advantages and limitations of each method with clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Fathi Maroufi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Moloud Akbarzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Bastani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safdari
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Farzane
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nam S, Khawar IA, Park JK, Chang S, Kuh HJ. Cellular context-dependent interaction between cancer and stellate cells in hetero-type multicellular spheroids of pancreatic tumor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:183-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
32
|
Roy M, Finley SD. Metabolic reprogramming dynamics in tumor spheroids: Insights from a multicellular, multiscale model. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007053. [PMID: 31185009 PMCID: PMC6588258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical modeling provides the predictive ability to understand the metabolic reprogramming and complex pathways that mediate cancer cells’ proliferation. We present a mathematical model using a multiscale, multicellular approach to simulate avascular tumor growth, applied to pancreatic cancer. The model spans three distinct spatial and temporal scales. At the extracellular level, reaction diffusion equations describe nutrient concentrations over a span of seconds. At the cellular level, a lattice-based energy driven stochastic approach describes cellular phenomena including adhesion, proliferation, viability and cell state transitions, occurring on the timescale of hours. At the sub-cellular level, we incorporate a detailed kinetic model of intracellular metabolite dynamics on the timescale of minutes, which enables the cells to uptake and excrete metabolites and use the metabolites to generate energy and building blocks for cell growth. This is a particularly novel aspect of the model. Certain defined criteria for the concentrations of intracellular metabolites lead to cancer cell growth, proliferation or death. Overall, we model the evolution of the tumor in both time and space. Starting with a cluster of tumor cells, the model produces an avascular tumor that quantitatively and qualitatively mimics experimental measurements of multicellular tumor spheroids. Through our model simulations, we can investigate the response of individual intracellular species under a metabolic perturbation and investigate how that response contributes to the response of the tumor as a whole. The predicted response of intracellular metabolites under various targeted strategies are difficult to resolve with experimental techniques. Thus, the model can give novel predictions as to the response of the tumor as a whole, identifies potential therapies to impede tumor growth, and predicts the effects of those therapeutic strategies. In particular, the model provides quantitative insight into the dynamic reprogramming of tumor cells at the intracellular level in response to specific metabolic perturbations. Overall, the model is a useful framework to study targeted metabolic strategies for inhibiting tumor growth. Cancer cells expertly alter their metabolism in order to sustain growth, a hallmark of cancer. Quantitative details about this metabolic reprogramming are difficult to obtain without the use of predictive mathematical models. Here, we present a robust computational model of avascular tumor growth. The novel aspect of this work lies in the incorporation of a detailed model of the dynamics of metabolism within each individual cell, which directly influence growth of the multicellular tumor as a whole. We apply the model to simulate how the tumor grows in space and time and to predict how the tumor responds to targeted inhibition of specific intracellular metabolic reactions. Our results show, first-hand, the dynamic metabolic reprogramming that occurs in cancer cells. Specifically, the model provides insight into how the cells alter their metabolism to compensate for the loss of a nutrient by exploiting alternative pathways for continued tumor growth. Our work provides a quantitative tool for identifying the impact of cellular and sub-cellular features on the evolution of a tumor. This framework is useful for developing potential cancer therapies, complementing experimental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Stacey D. Finley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bianco M, Zizzari A, Priore P, Moroni L, Metrangolo P, Frigione M, Rella R, Gaballo A, Arima V. Lab-on-a-brane for spheroid formation. Biofabrication 2019; 11:021002. [PMID: 30776782 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lab-On-a-Brane (LOB) represents a class of Lab-On-a-Chip (LOC) integrating flexible, highly gas permeable and biocompatible thin membranes (TMs). Here we demonstrate the potentiality of LOBs as cell biochips promoting 3D cell growth. The human cancer cells MCF-7 were cultured into standard multiwells (MWs) and into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) MWs, LOCs, and LOBs of different wettability. Surface treatments based on oxygen plasma and coating deposition have been performed to produce hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and oleophobic chips. By a comparison between all these chips, we observed that 3D cell aggregation is favored in LOBs, independent of substrate wettability. This may be attributed to the TM flexibility and the high oxygen/carbon dioxide permeability. Ultimately, LOBs seem to combine the advantages of LOCs as multi-well microfluidic chips to reduce operation time for cell seeding and medium refresh, with the mechanical/morphological properties of PDMS TMs. This is convenient in the perspective of applying mechanical stimuli and monitoring cell stiffness, or studying the metabolism of molecules permeable to PDMS membrane in response to external stimuli with interesting outcomes in cellular biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bianco
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Characteristics of multicellular tumor spheroids formed by pancreatic cells expressing different adhesion molecules. Life Sci 2019; 219:343-352. [PMID: 30684543 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) produced by different methods vary in forms, sizes, and properties. The aim of this work was to characterize MCTS formed by six pancreatic cell lines on a non-adherent surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human pancreatic cells were grown in 2D and 3D conditions and compared for the expression of E- and desmosomal cadherins (PCR, confocal microscopy), growth, cell cycling, apoptosis (flow cytometry), and a response to antitumor drugs doxorubicin and gemcitabine (MTT-assay). KEY FINDINGS Three types of MCTS were identified: BxPC-3, T3M4 formed small number of large and dense spheroids representing type I MCTS; COLO-357 and AsPC-1 generated type II multiple and loose MCTS of different sizes while MiaPaCa-2 and PANC-1 represented type III cultures which grew almost as floating monolayer films. Formation of type I MCTS depended on the simultaneous expression of DSG3 and several DSC proteins; II MCTS expressed solely DSG2-DSC2 but not DSG3, while type III cells either did not express E-cadherin or a pair of DSG and DSC proteins. Cells in type I MCTS but not in types II and III ones quickly became quiescent which correlated with a decrease in the proliferation, increased apoptosis, and a higher resistance to antitumor drugs doxorubicin and gemcitabine. SIGNIFICANCE Taken collectively, pancreatic cells significantly vary in the expression of desmosomal cadherins, resulting in the formation of MCTS with different characteristics. The sensitivity of MCTS to various drugs depends on the type of cells and the method of spheroid preparation used.
Collapse
|
35
|
Gupta P, Totti S, Pérez-Mancera PA, Dyke E, Nisbet A, Schettino G, Webb R, Velliou EG. Chemoradiotherapy screening in a novel biomimetic polymer based pancreatic cancer model. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41649-41663. [PMID: 35541584 PMCID: PMC9076463 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09123h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly and aggressive disease with a very low survival rate. This is partly due to the resistance of the disease to currently available treatment options. Herein, we report for the first time the use of a novel polyurethane scaffold based PDAC model for screening the short and relatively long term (1 and 17 days post-treatment) responses of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and their combination. We show a dose dependent cell viability reduction and apoptosis induction for both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, we observe a change in the impact of the treatment depending on the time-frame, especially for radiation for which the PDAC scaffolds showed resistance after 1 day but responded more 17 days post-treatment. This is the first study to report a viable PDAC culture in a scaffold for more than 2 months and the first to perform long-term (17 days) post-treatment observations in vitro. This is particularly important as a longer time-frame is much closer to animal studies and to patient treatment regimes, highlighting that our scaffold system has great potential to be used as an animal free model for screening of PDAC. Poly-urethane scaffold based 3D pancreatic cancer model enables realistic long term chemotherapy and radiotherapy screening. This model can be used for personalised treatment screening.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Stella Totti
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | | | - Eleanor Dyke
- Department of Medical Physics
- The Royal Surrey County Hospital
- NHS Foundation Trust
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department of Medical Physics
- The Royal Surrey County Hospital
- NHS Foundation Trust
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Giuseppe Schettino
- Department of Physics
- University of Surrey
- Guildford GU2 7XH
- UK
- Medical Radiation Science Group
| | - Roger Webb
- The Ion Beam Centre
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Eirini G. Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Seyfoori A, Samiei E, Jalili N, Godau B, Rahmanian M, Farahmand L, Majidzadeh-A K, Akbari M. Self-filling microwell arrays (SFMAs) for tumor spheroid formation. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3516-3528. [PMID: 30357219 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor spheroid formation in microwell arrays is a promising approach for high-throughput screening of chemotherapeutic agents. This method offers the advantage of better mimicking the complexities of tumors as compared to conventional monolayer culture systems. However, using these technologies to their full potential is hindered by the inability to seed the cells within the wells uniformly and with high yield and reproducibility. Moreover, standard manufacturing approaches for fabrication of microwell arrays rely on lithography and etching techniques, which are costly, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. Herein, we report on the development of self-filling microwell arrays (SFMAs) in which cells are directed from a loading chamber to microwells using inclined guiding channels. The SFMAs are fabricated by replica molding of three-dimensionally (3D) printed molds in agarose. We characterize the fabrication process, demonstrate the ability to culture breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 and glioma U87 in SFMAs and perform drug toxicity studies. We envision that the proposed innovative approach opens avenues of opportunities for high-throughput three-dimensional cell culture for drug screening and disease modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Seyfoori
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lazzari G, Nicolas V, Matsusaki M, Akashi M, Couvreur P, Mura S. Multicellular spheroid based on a triple co-culture: A novel 3D model to mimic pancreatic tumor complexity. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:296-307. [PMID: 30099198 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The preclinical drug screening of pancreatic cancer treatments suffers from the absence of appropriate models capable to reproduce in vitro the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment and its stiff desmoplasia. Driven by this pressing need, we describe in this paper the conception and the characterization of a novel 3D tumor model consisting of a triple co-culture of pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1), fibroblasts (MRC-5) and endothelial cells (HUVEC), which assembled to form a hetero-type multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS). By histological analyses and Selective Plain Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) we have monitored the spatial distribution of each cell type and the evolution of the spheroid composition. Results revealed the presence of a core rich in fibroblasts and fibronectin in which endothelial cells were homogeneously distributed. The integration of the three cell types enabled to reproduce in vitro with fidelity the influence of the surrounding environment on the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a scaffold-free pancreatic cancer spheroid model combining both tumor and multiple stromal components has been designed. It holds the possibility to become an advantageous tool for a pertinent assessment of the efficacy of various therapeutic strategies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Pancreatic tumor microenvironment is characterized by abundant fibrosis and aberrant vasculature. Aiming to reproduce in vitro these features, cancer cells have been already co-cultured with fibroblasts or endothelial cells separately but the integration of both these essential components of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment in a unique system, although urgently needed, was still missing. In this study, we successfully integrated cellular and acellular microenvironment components (i.e., fibroblasts, endothelial cells, fibronectin) in a hetero-type scaffold-free multicellular tumor spheroid. This new 3D triple co-culture model closely mimicked the resistance to treatments observed in vivo, resulting in a reduction of cancer cell sensitivity to the anticancer treatment.
Collapse
|
38
|
Comparative study of the therapeutic effect of Doxorubicin and Resveratrol combination on 2D and 3D (spheroids) cell culture models. Int J Pharm 2018; 551:76-83. [PMID: 30217766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of drug-combinations for pancreatic cancer treatment is usually performed in 2D cell cultures. In this study, the therapeutic effect and the synergistic potential of a particular drug-combination towards 2D and 3D cell cultures of pancreatic cancer were compared for the first time. Thus, the effect of Doxorubicin:Resveratrol (DOX:RES) combinations (at molar ratios ranging from 5:1 to 1:5) in the viability of PANC-1 cells cultured as 2D monolayers and as 3D spheroids was analyzed. The results showed that the cells' viability was more affected when DOX:RES combinations containing higher contents of RES (1:2-1:5 molar ratios) were used. This can be explained by the ability of RES to reduce the P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux of DOX. Further, it was also revealed that the synergic effect of this drug combination was different in 2D and in 3D cell cultures. In fact, despite of the 1:4 and 1:5 DOX:RES ratios being both synergistic for both types of PANC-1 cell cultures, their Combination Indexes (CI) in the monolayers were lower than those attained in spheroids. Overall, the obtained results revealed that the DOX:RES combination is promising for pancreatic cancer treatment and corroborate the emergent need to evaluate drug combinations in 3D cell cultures.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang H, Zhu Y, Shen Y. Microfluidics for Cancer Nanomedicine: From Fabrication to Evaluation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800360. [PMID: 29806174 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled drug delivery systems (sDDSs), made from nanocarriers and drugs, are one of the major types of nanomedicines, many of which are in clinical use, under preclinical investigation, or in clinical trials. One of the hurdles of this type of nanomedicine in real applications is the inherent complexity of their fabrication processes, which generally lack precise control over the sDDS structures and the batch-to-batch reproducibility. Furthermore, the classic 2D in vitro cell model, monolayer cell culture, has been used to evaluate sDDSs. However, 2D cell culture cannot adequately replicate in vivo tissue-level structures and their highly complex dynamic 3D environments, nor can it simulate their functions. Thus, evaluations using 2D cell culture often cannot correctly correlate with sDDS behaviors and effects in humans. Microfluidic technology offers novel solutions to overcome these problems and facilitates studying the structure-performance relationships for sDDS developments. In this Review, recent advances in microfluidics for 1) fabrication of sDDSs with well-defined physicochemical properties, such as size, shape, rigidity, and drug-loading efficiency, and 2) fabrication of 3D-cell cultures as "tissue/organ-on-a-chip" platforms for evaluations of sDDS biological performance are in focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yifeng Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Čeponytė U, Paškevičiūtė M, Petrikaitė V. Comparison of NSAIDs activity in COX-2 expressing and non-expressing 2D and 3D pancreatic cancer cell cultures. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1543-1551. [PMID: 29942156 PMCID: PMC6007190 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s163747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we evaluated the anticancer activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell cultures. Methods To test the effect of compounds on the viability of cells, the MTT assay was used. The activity of NSAIDs in 3D cell cultures was evaluated by measuring the size change of spheroids. The type of cell death was identified by cell staining with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide. To evaluate the effect on the colony-forming ability of cancer cells, the clonogenic assay was used. Results Five out of seven tested NSAIDs reduced the viability of BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells. Fenamates were more active against cyclooxygenase-2 expressing BxPC-3 than cyclooxygenase-2 non-expressing MIA PaCa-2 cell line. Fenamates and coxibs exerted higher activity in monolayer cultured cells, whereas salicylates were more active in 3D cultures. Fenamates and coxibs induced dose-dependent apoptosis and necrosis. NSAIDs also inhibited the colony-forming ability of cancer cells. Meclofenamic acid, niflumic acid, and parecoxib possessed higher activity on BxPC-3, and celecoxib possessed higher activity on MIA PaCa-2 cell colony formation. Conclusion Our results show that fenamates, coxibs, and salicylates possess anticancer activity on human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cell cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugnė Čeponytė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Miglė Paškevičiūtė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Costa EC, Moreira AF, de Melo-Diogo D, Correia IJ. Polyethylene glycol molecular weight influences the ClearT2 optical clearing method for spheroids imaging by confocal laser scanning microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-11. [PMID: 29752799 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.5.055003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Some fluorescence microscopy techniques, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), have a limited penetration depth. Consequently, the visualization and imaging of three-dimensional (3-D) cell cultures, such as spheroids, using these methods can be a significant challenge. Therefore, to improve the imaging of 3-D tissues, optical clearing methods have been optimized to render transparency to the opaque spheroids. The influence of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight (MW) used in the ClearT2 method for the imaging of propidium iodide (PI)-stained spheroids was investigated. The results demonstrated that the ClearT2 clearing method contributes to spheroids transparency and to the preservation of PI fluorescence intensity for all the PEG MW used (4000, 8000, and 10,000 Da). Furthermore, the ClearT2 method performed using PEG 4000 Da allowed a better PI signal penetration depth and cross-section depth. Overall, the optimization of PEG MW can improve the imaging of intact spheroids by CLSM. Furthermore, this work may also contribute to increase the application of 3-D cell culture models by the pharmaceutical industry for the high-throughput screening of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete C Costa
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Centro de Investigação em Ciⓔncias da Saúde-Health Sciences Research, Portugal
| | - André F Moreira
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Centro de Investigação em Ciⓔncias da Saúde-Health Sciences Research, Portugal
| | - Duarte de Melo-Diogo
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Centro de Investigação em Ciⓔncias da Saúde-Health Sciences Research, Portugal
| | - Ilídio J Correia
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Centro de Investigação em Ciⓔncias da Saúde-Health Sciences Research, Portugal
- Universidade de Coimbra, Centro de Investigação em Engenharia dos Processos Químicos e dos Produtos, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Forget A, Burzava ALS, Delalat B, Vasilev K, Harding FJ, Blencowe A, Voelcker NH. Rapid fabrication of functionalised poly(dimethylsiloxane) microwells for cell aggregate formation. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:828-836. [PMID: 28276540 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00916f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell aggregates reproduce many features of the natural architecture of functional tissues, and have therefore become an important in vitro model of tissue function. In this study, we present an efficient and rapid method for the fabrication of site specific functionalised poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microwell arrays that promote the formation of insulin-producing beta cell (MIN6) aggregates. Microwells were prepared using an ice templating technique whereby aqueous droplets were frozen on a surface and PDMS was cast on top to form a replica. By employing an aqueous alkali hydroxide solution, we demonstrate exclusive etching and functionalisation of the microwell inner surface, thereby allowing the selective absorption of biological factors within the microwells. Additionally, by manipulating surface wettability of the substrate through plasma polymer coating, the shape and profile of the microwells could be tailored. Microwells coated with antifouling Pluronic 123, bovine serum albumin, collagen type IV or insulin growth factor 2 were employed to investigate the formation and stability of MIN6 aggregates in microwells of different shapes. MIN6 aggregates formed with this technique retained insulin expression. These results demonstrate the potential of this platform for the rapid screening of biological factors influencing the formation and response of insulin-producing cell aggregates without the need for expensive micromachining techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Forget
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia and Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - A L S Burzava
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Adelaide 5000, Australia and Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - B Delalat
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - K Vasilev
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Adelaide 5000, Australia and School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
| | - F J Harding
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Adelaide 5000, Australia and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia and Cell Therapies Pty Ltd, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre (VCCC), Melbourne 3000, Australia.
| | - A Blencowe
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Adelaide 5000, Australia and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia and Cell Therapies Pty Ltd, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre (VCCC), Melbourne 3000, Australia. and School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - N H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang Z, Ravula R, Shi L, Song Y, Yeung S, Liu M, Lau B, Hao J, Wang J, Lam CWK, Chow MSS, Huang Y. Overcoming chemoresistance in prostate cancer with Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii via multiple mechanisms. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61246-61261. [PMID: 27487134 PMCID: PMC5308648 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A leading cause of cancer chemotherapy failure is chemoresistance, which often involves multiple mechanisms. Chinese medicines (CM) usually contain multiple components which could potentially target many mechanisms simultaneously and may offer an advantage over single compounds that target one mechanism at a time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemosensitizing effect (CE) of a specific CM, Tripterygium wilfordii (TW), on prostate cancer cells resistant to docetaxel (Dtx) and identify the potential mechanisms. The CE of TW (in combination with Dtx) was evaluated in two Dtx resistant prostate cancer cell lines (PC3-TxR and DU145-TxR) and the efficacy of the combination for resistant PC3-TxR tumor was investigated using a xenograft mouse model. For mechanistic study, the inhibitory effect of TW on P-glycoprotein activity was assessed. In addition, novel gene targets of TW were identified using DNA microarray and quantitative PCR. Results showed that TW induced a CE of 8 and >38 folds in PC3-TxR and DU145-TxR cells, respectively with Dtx IC50 reversed back to that of the sensitive parent cells. An optimum dose of TW+Dtx significantly retarded tumor growth in mice compared to TW or Dtx alone. TW inhibited P-glycoprotein activity and induced a significant gene expression changes in genes related to angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation and differentiation. Our in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that TW in combination with Dtx was able to overcome the chemoresistance and suppress resistant prostate tumor growth via multi-mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wang
- Center for Advancement of Drug Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Ranadheer Ravula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Leming Shi
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Schools of Life Sciences and Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjie Song
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Schools of Life Sciences and Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven Yeung
- Center for Advancement of Drug Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Mandy Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Bernard Lau
- Center for Advancement of Drug Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Jijun Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Moses Sing Sum Chow
- Center for Advancement of Drug Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lee GH, Suh Y, Park JY. A Paired Bead and Magnet Array for Molding Microwells with Variable Concave Geometries. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29443026 DOI: 10.3791/55548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A spheroid culture is a useful tool for understanding cellular behavior in that it provides an in vivo-like three-dimensional environment. Various spheroid production methods such as non-adhesive surfaces, spinner flasks, hanging drops, and microwells have been used in studies of cell-to-cell interaction, immune-activation, drug screening, stem cell differentiation, and organoid generation. Among these methods, microwells with a three-dimensional concave geometry have gained the attention of scientists and engineers, given their advantages of uniform-sized spheroid generation and the ease with which the responses of individual spheroids can be monitored. Even though cost-effective methods such as the use of flexible membranes and ice lithography have been proposed, these techniques incur serious drawbacks such as difficulty in controlling the pattern sizes, achievement of high aspect ratios, and production of larger areas of microwells. To overcome these problems, we propose a robust method for fabricating concave microwells without the need for complex high-cost facilities. This method utilizes a 30 x 30 through-hole array, several hundred micrometer-order steel beads, and magnetic force to fabricate 900 microwells in a 3 cm x 3 cm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. To demonstrate the applicability of our method to cell biological applications, we cultured adipose stem cells for 3 days and successfully produced spheroids using our microwell platform. In addition, we performed a magnetostatic simulation to investigate the mechanism, whereby magnetic force was used to trap the steel beads in the through-holes. We believe that the proposed microwell fabrication method could be applied to many spheroid-based cellular studies such as drug screening, tissue regeneration, stem cell differentiation, and cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Hun Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University
| | - Youngjoon Suh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University
| | - Joong Yull Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lee JH, Kim SK, Khawar IA, Jeong SY, Chung S, Kuh HJ. Microfluidic co-culture of pancreatic tumor spheroids with stellate cells as a novel 3D model for investigation of stroma-mediated cell motility and drug resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:4. [PMID: 29329547 PMCID: PMC5767067 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), a major component of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer, play roles in cancer progression as well as drug resistance. Culturing various cells in microfluidic (microchannel) devices has proven to be a useful in studying cellular interactions and drug sensitivity. Here we present a microchannel plate-based co-culture model that integrates tumor spheroids with PSCs in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrix to mimic the tumor microenvironment in vivo by recapitulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance. METHODS A 7-channel microchannel plate was prepared using poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via soft lithography. PANC-1, a human pancreatic cancer cell line, and PSCs, each within a designated channel of the microchannel plate, were cultured embedded in type I collagen. Expression of EMT-related markers and factors was analyzed using immunofluorescent staining or Proteome analysis. Changes in viability following exposure to gemcitabine and paclitaxel were measured using Live/Dead assay. RESULTS PANC-1 cells formed 3D tumor spheroids within 5 days and the number of spheroids increased when co-cultured with PSCs. Culture conditions were optimized for PANC-1 cells and PSCs, and their appropriate interaction was confirmed by reciprocal activation shown as increased cell motility. PSCs under co-culture showed an increased expression of α-SMA. Expression of EMT-related markers, such as vimentin and TGF-β, was higher in co-cultured PANC-1 spheroids compared to that in mono-cultured spheroids; as was the expression of many other EMT-related factors including TIMP1 and IL-8. Following gemcitabine exposure, no significant changes in survival were observed. When paclitaxel was combined with gemcitabine, a growth inhibitory advantage was prominent in tumor spheroids, which was accompanied by significant cytotoxicity in PSCs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that cancer cells grown as tumor spheroids in a 3D collagen matrix and PSCs co-cultured in sub-millimeter proximity participate in mutual interactions that induce EMT and drug resistance in a microchannel plate. Microfluidic co-culture of pancreatic tumor spheroids with PSCs may serve as a useful model for studying EMT and drug resistance in a clinically relevant manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Iftikhar Ali Khawar
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kuh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-ku, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Drug resistance is a characteristic of tumor initiating cells that can give rise to metastatic disease. In this work we demonstrate the use of microbubble well arrays as a cell culture platform to enumerate and characterize drug resistant cells in a human derived tumorigenic squamous cell carcinoma cell line. The spherical architecture and compliant hydrophobic composition of the microbubble well favors single cell survival, clonal proliferation and formation of spheres that do not grow on standard tissue culture plastic and are resistant to cisplatin. Spheres form in isolation and in microbubble wells containing proliferating cells and to some degree they stain positive for common stem cell markers CD44 and CD133. Spheres are also observed in cellularized primary human tumors cultured in microbubble arrays. This proof-of-concept study illustrates the potential for microbubble array technology to enumerate cancer cells resistant to standard care drugs with the ability to test alternative drug combinations. This capability can be developed for designing patient specific treatment strategies. Recovery of drug-resistant cells will allow a more full characterization of their gene expression profile thereby expanding our fundamental knowledge and ability to develop new targets to fight metastatic disease.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lee SH, Hong S, Song J, Cho B, Han EJ, Kondapavulur S, Kim D, Lee LP. Microphysiological Analysis Platform of Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Spheroids. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29283208 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hallmarks of diabetics are insufficient secretion of insulin and dysregulation of glucagon. It is critical to understand release mechanisms of insulin, glucagon, and other hormones from the islets of Langerhans. In spite of remarkable advancements in diabetes research and practice, robust and reproducible models that can measure pancreatic β-cell function are lacking. Here, a microphysiological analysis platform (MAP) that allows the uniform 3D spheroid formation of pancreatic β-cell islets, large-scale morphological phenotyping, and gene expression mapping of chronic glycemia and lipidemia development is reported. The MAP enables the scaffold-free formation of densely packed β-cell spheroids (i.e., multiple array of 110 bioreactors) surrounded with a perfusion flow network inspired by physiologically relevant microenvironment. The MAP permits dynamic perturbations on the β-cell spheroids and the precise controls of glycemia and lipidemia, which allow us to confirm that cellular apoptosis in the β-cell spheroid under hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia is mostly dependent to a reactive oxygen species-induced caspase-mediated pathway. The β-cells' MAP might provide a potential new map in the pathophysiological mechanisms of β cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - SoonGweon Hong
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jihwan Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 34158 South Korea
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Byungrae Cho
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering; Berkeley/San Francisco CA 94720 USA
| | - Esther J. Han
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Sravani Kondapavulur
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Dongchoul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Sogang University; Seoul 04107 South Korea
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lee DW, Kang J, Hwang HJ, Oh MS, Shin BC, Lee MY, Kuh HJ. Pitch-tunable pillar arrays for high-throughput culture and immunohistological analysis of tumor spheroids. RSC Adv 2018; 8:4494-4502. [PMID: 35539534 PMCID: PMC9077751 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor spheroids are multicellular, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models closely mimicking the microenvironments of human tumors in vivo, thereby providing enhanced predictability, clinical relevancy of drug efficacy and the mechanism of action. Conventional confocal microscopic imaging remains inappropriate for immunohistological analysis due to current technical limits in immunostaining using antibodies and imaging cells grown in 3D multicellular contexts. Preparation of microsections of these spheroids represents a best alternative, yet their sub-millimeter size and fragility make it less practical for high-throughput screening. To address these problems, we developed a pitch-tunable 5 × 5 mini-pillar array chip for culturing and sectioning tumor spheroids in a high throughput manner. Tumor spheroids were 3D cultured in an alginate matrix using a twenty-five mini-pillar array which aligns to a 96-well. At least a few tens of spheroids per pillar were cultured and as many as 25 different treatment conditions per chip were evaluated, which indicated the high throughput manner of the 5 × 5 pillar array chip. The twenty-five mini-pillars were then rearranged to a transferring pitch so that spheroid-containing gel caps from all pillars can be embedded into a specimen block. Tissue array sections were then prepared and stained for immunohistological examination. The utility of this pitch-tunable pillar array was demonstrated by evaluating drug distribution and expression levels of several proteins following drug treatment in 3D tumor spheroids. Overall, our mini-pillar array provides a novel platform that can be useful for culturing tumor spheroids as well as for immunohistological analysis in a multiplexed and high throughput manner. A pitch-tunable 5 × 5 mini-pillar array chip was developed for culturing and sectioning tumor spheroids (TSs) in a high throughput manner. TSs were cultured on the chip aligned to 96-well. TS array sections were prepared following pitch rearrangement.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Konyang University
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Medical & Bio Device
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences
- Graduate School
- The Catholic University of Korea
- Seoul 06591
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Hwang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences
- Graduate School
- The Catholic University of Korea
- Seoul 06591
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Oh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences
- Graduate School
- The Catholic University of Korea
- Seoul 06591
- Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Shin
- Bio/Drug Discovery Division
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department
- Cleveland State University
- SH 455 Cleveland
- USA
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kuh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences
- Graduate School
- The Catholic University of Korea
- Seoul 06591
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Moreira L, Bakir B, Chatterji P, Dantes Z, Reichert M, Rustgi AK. Pancreas 3D Organoids: Current and Future Aspects as a Research Platform for Personalized Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 5. [PMID: 29541683 PMCID: PMC5849862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer, and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Although important advances have been made in the last decade, the mortality rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has not changed appreciably. This review summarizes a rapidly emerging model of pancreatic cancer research, focusing on 3-dimensional organoids as a powerful tool for several applications, but above all, representing a step toward personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Moreira
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Basil Bakir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Priya Chatterji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zahra Dantes
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Anil K. Rustgi, MD, 951 Biomedical Research Building II/III, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. fax: (215) 573–5412.951 Biomedical Research Building II/IIIUniversity of Pennsylvania415 Curie BoulevardPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Costa EC, de Melo-Diogo D, Moreira AF, Carvalho MP, Correia IJ. Spheroids Formation on Non-Adhesive Surfaces by Liquid Overlay Technique: Considerations and Practical Approaches. Biotechnol J 2017; 13. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete C. Costa
- CICS-UBI − Health Sciences Research Centre; Universidade da Beira Interior; 6200-506 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Duarte de Melo-Diogo
- CICS-UBI − Health Sciences Research Centre; Universidade da Beira Interior; 6200-506 Covilhã Portugal
| | - André F. Moreira
- CICS-UBI − Health Sciences Research Centre; Universidade da Beira Interior; 6200-506 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Marco P. Carvalho
- CICS-UBI − Health Sciences Research Centre; Universidade da Beira Interior; 6200-506 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Ilídio J. Correia
- CICS-UBI − Health Sciences Research Centre; Universidade da Beira Interior; 6200-506 Covilhã Portugal
| |
Collapse
|