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Ivnitsky JJ, Schäfer TV, Rejniuk VL, Golovko AI. Endogenous humoral determinants of vascular endothelial dysfunction as triggers of acute poisoning complications. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:47-65. [PMID: 35258106 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is not only the semipermeable membrane that separates tissue from blood but also an organ that regulates inflammation, vascular tone, blood clotting, angiogenesis and synthesis of connective tissue proteins. It is susceptible to the direct cytotoxic action of numerous xenobiotics and to the acute hypoxia that accompanies acute poisoning. This damage is superimposed on the preformed state of the vascular endothelium, which, in turn, depends on many humoral factors. The probability that an exogenous toxicant will cause life-threatening dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, thereby complicating the course of acute poisoning, increases with an increase in the content of endogenous substances in the blood that disrupt endothelial function. These include ammonia, bacterial endotoxin, indoxyl sulfate, para-cresyl sulfate, trimethylamine N-oxide, asymmetric dimethylarginine, glucose, homocysteine, low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins, free fatty acids and products of intravascular haemolysis. Some other endogenous substances (albumin, haptoglobin, haemopexin, biliverdin, bilirubin, tetrahydrobiopterin) or food-derived compounds (ascorbic acid, rutin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.) reduce the risk of lethal vascular endothelial dysfunction. The individual variability of the content of these substances in the blood contributes to the stochasticity of the complications of acute poisoning and is a promising target for the risk reduction measures. Another feasible option may be the repositioning of drugs that affect the function of the vascular endothelium while being currently used for other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jury Ju Ivnitsky
- Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Timur V Schäfer
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of the Military Medicine of Defense Ministry of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir L Rejniuk
- Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr I Golovko
- Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Peixoto P, Vieira-Alves I, Couto GK, Lemos VS, Rossoni LV, Bissoli NS, Dos Santos RL. Sex differences in the participation of endothelial mediators and signaling pathways involved in the vasodilator effect of a selective GPER agonist in resistance arteries of gonadectomized Wistar rats. Life Sci 2022; 308:120917. [PMID: 36044974 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Endothelial mechanisms underlying the vascular effects of estrogen modulated by the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) are not well understood, especially in gonadal sex hormone deprivation. Thus, we investigated vascular function and endothelial signaling pathways involved in the selective activation of GPER in resistance arteries of gonadectomized rats. METHODS Gonadectomy was performed in Wistar rats of both sexes. After 21 days, the animals were euthanized. Concentration-response curves were obtained by cumulative additions of G-1 in third-order mesenteric arteries. The vasodilatory effects of G-1 were evaluated before and after endothelium removal or incubation with pharmacological inhibitors. Tissue protein expression was measured by western blotting. Assays with 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM) and 2',7' dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (DCF-DA) were performed in the arteries investigated. Immunolocalization was assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS G-1 induced partially endothelium-dependent relaxation in both sexes. The three isoforms of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase contributed to the production and release of nitric oxide in both gonadectomized groups, but the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase is more expressive in males. The mechanistic pathway by which endothelial nitric oxide synthase is phosphorylated appears to differ between sexes, with the rapid signaling pathway phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (PI3k-Akt-eNOS) being identified for males and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (MEK-ERK-eNOS) for females. The contribution of hydrogen peroxide as an endothelial relaxation mediator seems to be greater in females. CONCLUSION These results provide new insights into the effects of estrogen-induced responses via GPER on vascular function in gonadal sex hormone deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana Peixoto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Ildernandes Vieira-Alves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gisele Kruger Couto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Soares Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Nazaré Souza Bissoli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Roger Lyrio Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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Lee EK, Koh EM, Kim YN, Song J, Song CH, Jung KJ. Immunomodulatory Effect of Hispolon on LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells and Mitogen/Alloantigen-Stimulated Spleen Lymphocytes of Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071423. [PMID: 35890318 PMCID: PMC9322787 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hispolon is a potent anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic agent isolated from Phellinus linteus, an oriental medicinal mushroom. However, the immunomodulatory mechanisms by which hispolon affects macrophages and lymphocytes remain poorly characterized. We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of hispolon on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and lymphocyte proliferation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophages or mitogen/alloantigen-treated mouse splenocytes. Hispolon inhibited LPS-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation and decreased total sulfhydryl (SH) levels in a cell-free system and RAW264.7 cells. Hispolon exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Hispolon also modulated NF-κB and STAT3 activation by suppressing the NF-κB p65 interaction with phospho-IκBα and the STAT3 interaction with JAK1, as determined via coimmunoprecipitation analysis. Additionally, hispolon significantly decreased lymphocyte proliferation, T cell responses and T helper type 1 (Th1)/type 2 (Th2) cytokines production in mitogen/alloantigen-treated splenocytes. We conclude that hispolon exerts immunomodulatory effects on LPS-treated macrophages or mitogen/alloantigen-treated splenocytes through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities. Thus, hispolon may be a therapeutic agent for treating immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyeong Lee
- Immunotoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (E.K.L.); (E.M.K.); (Y.N.K.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Eun Mi Koh
- Immunotoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (E.K.L.); (E.M.K.); (Y.N.K.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Yu Na Kim
- Immunotoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (E.K.L.); (E.M.K.); (Y.N.K.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Jeongah Song
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea;
| | - Chi Hun Song
- Immunotoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (E.K.L.); (E.M.K.); (Y.N.K.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Kyung Jin Jung
- Immunotoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (E.K.L.); (E.M.K.); (Y.N.K.); (C.H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-610-8279; Fax: +82-42-610-8099
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Khorashadizadeh N, Neamati A, Moshiri M, Etemad L. Verbascoside inhibits paraquate-induced pulmonary toxicity via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and DNA damage in A549 cell. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2212-2220. [PMID: 34607471 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1917467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), one of the most frequently used herbicides, can cause serious health problems in an exposed individual. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of verbascoside (VB), a phenylpropanoid glycoside from lemon verbena, against PQ-induced A549 cell injury with a particular focus on the possible molecular pathways involved. A549 cells were exposed to PQ (300 µM) and different concentrations of VB (12.5, 25, and 50 µM). Cell viability, ROS content, the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) and inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α), as well as 8-OHdG, were detected using MTT assay and an ELISA kit. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were performed to measure the levels of caspase3 and NF-κB mRNA and protein expression. Exposure of cells to PQ caused viability loss and ROS increase. PQ also increased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and 8-OHdG and decreased the antioxidant enzymes content. PQ treatment resulted in cell death by increasing the gene and protein expression level of caspase 3 and NF-κB. Treatment with VB notably increased cell survival, antioxidant enzymes activity, which concomitantly attenuated ROS, NF-κB and inflammatory mediator production. VB also inhibited apoptosis expression markers. These results indicated that VB could protect A549 cells against PQ induced cell injury by attenuation of ROS and inflammatory marker production and modulation of antioxidant enzymes. VB efficiently suppressed increased NF-κB and caspase-3 activity and formation of 8-OHdG and ultimately improved cell viability. Therefore, VB may be useful in the development of a new therapy for PQ-induced pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Neamati
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moshiri
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Toxicology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Delgado NTB, Rouver WDN, Freitas-Lima LC, Vieira-Alves I, Lemos VS, dos Santos RL. Sex Differences in the Vasodilation Mediated by G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) in Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:659291. [PMID: 34393807 PMCID: PMC8359777 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.659291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective effect of estrogen on the vasculature cannot be explained only by its action through the receptors ERα and ERβ. G protein-coupled estrogen receptors (GPER)-which are widely distributed throughout the cardiovascular system-may also be involved in this response. However, little is known about GPER actions in hypertension. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the vascular response mediated by GPER using a specific agonist, G-1, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We hypothesized that G-1 would induce a relaxing response in resistance mesenteric arteries from SHR of both sexes. METHODS G-1 concentration-response curves (1 nM-10 μM) were performed in mesenteric arteries from SHR of both sexes (10-12-weeks-old, weighing 180-250 g). The effects of G-1 were evaluated before and after endothelial removal and incubation for 30 min with the inhibitors L-NAME (300 μM) and indomethacin (10 μM) alone or combined with clotrimazole (0.75 μM) or catalase (1,000 units/mL). GPER immunolocalization was also investigated, and vascular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ROS were evaluated using dichlorofluorescein (DCF) and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, respectively. RESULTS GPER activation promoted a similar relaxing response in resistance mesenteric arteries of female and male hypertensive rats, but with the participation of different endothelial mediators. Males appear to be more dependent on the NO pathway, followed by the H2O2 pathway, and females on the endothelium and H2O2 pathway. CONCLUSION These findings show that the GPER agonist G-1 can induce a relaxing response in mesenteric arteries from hypertensive rats of both sexes in a similar way, albeit with differential participation of endothelial mediators. These results contribute to the understanding of GPER activation on resistance mesenteric arteries in essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wender do Nascimento Rouver
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | | | - Ildernandes Vieira-Alves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Soares Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roger Lyrio dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
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Chen AB, Li F, Di EM, Zhang X, Zhao QY, Wen J. Influence of strengthened hemoperfusion combined with continuous venovenous hemofiltration on prognosis of patients with acute paraquat poisoning: SHP + CVVH improve prognosis of acute PQ patients. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:49. [PMID: 32631415 PMCID: PMC7339412 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The success rate of rescue is extremely low in acute paraquat poisoning. This study aimed to assess whether strengthened hemoperfusion (SHP) combined with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) improves prognosis in patients with acute paraquat poisoning. Methods Patients from January 2005 to December 2018 were enrolled retrospectively. All selected patients were administered conventional therapy. They were divided according to the received treatments in the conventional therapy, hemoperfusion (HP), CVVH, SHP and SHP + CVVH groups. Follow-up was implemented until the 90th day after poisoning. Other outcomes included all-cause mortality on the 15th day after poisoning, and the percentages of respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation use. Results The study included 487 patients,and 211 died in all. Mortality rate in the SHP + CVVH group on the 90th day after poisoning was significantly decreased compared with those of other groups (p<0.001). Survival curves of all groups showed significant differences (p<0.001). SHP combined with CVVH was an independent factor reducing mortality risk (p<0.001). Mortality rate in the SHP + CVVH group on the 15th day after poisoning was also significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The proportions of patients in the SHP + CVVH group with acute respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation were significantly lower than those of other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions SHP with CVVH may decrease the mortality rate of patients with acute paraquat poisoning on the 90th day after poisoning and improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Bao Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - E-Mu Di
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qun-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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7
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Pang L, Deng P, Liang YD, Qian JY, Wu LC, Yang LL, Yu ZP, Zhou Z. Lipoic acid antagonizes paraquat-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by suppressing mitochondrial reactive oxidative stress. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:918-927. [PMID: 32774841 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00186g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide in the agricultural field. The lack of an effective antidote is the significant cause of high mortality in PQ poisoning. Here, we investigate the antagonistic effects of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA), a naturally existing antioxidant, on PQ toxicity in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). All the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 μM α-LA significantly inhibited 1000 μM PQ-induced cytotoxicity in HMEC-1 cells. α-LA pretreatment remarkably diminished the damage to cell migration ability, recovered the declined levels of the vasodilator factor nitric oxide (NO), elevated the expression level of endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS), and inhibited the upregulated expression of vasoconstrictor factor endothelin-1 (ET-1). Moreover, α-LA pretreatment inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, suppressed the damage to the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m) and mitigated the inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in HMEC-1 cells. These results suggested that α-LA could alleviate PQ-induced endothelial dysfunction by suppressing oxidative stress. In summary, our present study provides novel insight into the protective effects and pharmacological potential of α-LA against PQ toxicity in microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pang
- Department of Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China .
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038 , China
| | - Yi-Dan Liang
- Department of Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China .
| | - Jing-Yu Qian
- Department of Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China .
| | - Li-Chuan Wu
- Department of Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China .
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Occupational Health , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038 , China
| | - Zheng-Ping Yu
- Department of Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China . .,Department of Occupational Health , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038 , China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China .
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8
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Wan X, Zhou C, Kang X, Hu D, Xue W, Li X, Bao H, Peng A. Metabolic Profiling of Amino Acids Associated with Mortality in Patients with Acute Paraquat Poisoning. Med Sci Monit 2018. [PMID: 29513648 PMCID: PMC5854108 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paraquat is a major cause of fatal poisoning after ingestion in many parts of Asia and the Pacific nations. However, optimal prognostic indicators to evaluate patient mortality have not been unequivocally established. Following acute paraquat poisoning, a number of amino acids (AA), are abnormally expressed in metabolic pathways. However, the alterations in AA metabolite levels after paraquat poisoning remain unknown in humans. Material/Methods In the present study, 40 patients were enrolled, of whom 16 survived and 24 died. A metabolomics approach was used to assess changes in AA metabolites in plasma and its potential prognostic value following paraquat poisoning. Mass spectrometry (MS) based on metabolite identification was conducted. Results Twenty-five AA levels in plasma were abnormally expressed in non-survivor patients. Among them, creatinine, indolelactate, and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate were found to be highly correlated with paraquat death prediction. It was noted that the intensity levels of these 3 AA metabolites in the non-survivor group were substantially higher than in the survivor group. Furthermore, we examined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for clinical validation. ROC results showed that 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate had the highest AUC of 0.84, while indolelactate and creatinine had AUCs of 0.75 and 0.83, respectively, suggesting that they can be used to predict the clinical outcome (although this methodology is expensive to implement). Conclusions Metabolic profiling of AA levels could be a reliable tool to identify effective indicators for the early high precision prognosis of paraquat poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxian Wan
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Shanghai Tenth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Department of Nephrology, Lianyungang Oriental Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Kang
- Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Dayong Hu
- Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wen Xue
- Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xinhua Li
- Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Bao
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Shanghai Tenth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ai Peng
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Shanghai Tenth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Chen Y, Rehal S, Roizes S, Zhu HL, Cole WC, von der Weid PY. The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α inhibits lymphatic pumping via activation of the NF-κB-iNOS signaling pathway. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28231612 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenteric lymphatic vessel pumping, important to propel lymph and immune cells from the intestinal interstitium to the mesenteric lymph nodes, is compromised during intestinal inflammation. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, is a significant contributor to the inflammation-induced lymphatic contractile dysfunction, and to determine its mode of action. METHODS Contractile parameters were obtained from isolated rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels mounted on a pressure myograph after 24-hours incubation with or without TNF-α. Various inhibitors were administered, and quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence confocal imaging were applied to characterize the mechanisms involved in TNF-α actions. RESULTS Vessel contraction frequency was significantly decreased after TNF-α treatment and could be restored by selective inhibition of NF-кB, iNOS, guanylate cyclase, and ATP-sensitive K+ channels. We further demonstrated that NF-кB inhibition also suppressed the significant increase in iNOS mRNA observed in TNF-α-treated lymphatic vessels and that TNF-α treatment favored the nuclear translocation of the p65 NF-κB subunit. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TNF-α decreases mesenteric lymphatic contractility by activating the NF-κB-iNOS signaling pathway. This mechanism could contribute to the alteration of lymphatic pumping reported in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Chen
- Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sonia Rehal
- Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Simon Roizes
- Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hai-Lei Zhu
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - William C Cole
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pierre-Yves von der Weid
- Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Peixoto P, Aires RD, Lemos VS, Bissoli NS, Santos RLD. GPER agonist dilates mesenteric arteries via PI3K-Akt-eNOS and potassium channels in both sexes. Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Alizadeh-Tabrizi N, Malekinejad H, Varasteh S, Cheraghi H. Atorvastatin protected from paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in alveolar macrophages via down-regulation of TLR-4. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:8-13. [PMID: 27883937 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study designed to clarify the mechanism of paraquat-induced cytotoxicity and protective effects of Atorvastatin on freshly isolated alveolar macrophages (AMs). AMs were collected via bronchoalveolar lavage and exposed to various concentrations of paraquat in the presence and absence of atorvastatin for 24h. Cell viability, myeloperoxidase activity; nitric oxide generation and total antioxidant capacity were assessed. Expression of TLR-4 at mRNA and protein levels were studied by using PCR and western blot methods Atorvastatin enhanced the paraquat-reduced cell viability and reduced the paraquat-induced myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide production. Moreover, atorvastatin down-regulated by 60% the paraquat up-regulated expression of TLR-4 at protein and mRNA level. Our results suggest that, AMs in vitro model could be a novel cytological tool for studies on paraquat poisoning and therapy regimens. Additionally, atorvastatin cytoprotective effects on paraquat-induced cytotoxicity partly attribute to its anti-myeloperoxidase, antioxidant properties, which might be regulated via TLR-4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Alizadeh-Tabrizi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia Medical University of Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Soheil Varasteh
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hadi Cheraghi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Costa MC, Santos JRA, Ribeiro MJA, Freitas GJCD, Bastos RW, Ferreira GF, Miranda AS, Arifa RDN, Santos PC, Martins FDS, Paixão TA, Teixeira AL, Souza DG, Santos DA. The absence of microbiota delays the inflammatory response to Cryptococcus gattii. Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:187-95. [PMID: 27083265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response plays a crucial role in infectious diseases, and the intestinal microbiota is linked to maturation of the immune system. However, the association between microbiota and the response against fungal infections has not been elucidated. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of microbiota on Cryptococcus gattii infection. Germ-free (GF), conventional (CV), conventionalized (CVN-mice that received feces from conventional animals), and LPS-stimulated mice were infected with C. gattii. GF mice were more susceptible to infection, showing lower survival, higher fungal burden in the lungs and brain, increased behavioral changes, reduced levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-17, and lower NFκBp65 phosphorylation compared to CV mice. Low expression of inflammatory cytokines was associated with smaller yeast cells and polysaccharide capsules (the main virulence factor of C. gattii) in the lungs, and less tissue damage. Furthermore, macrophages from GF mice showed reduced ability to engulf, produce ROS, and kill C. gattii. Restoration of microbiota (CVN mice) or LPS administration made GF mice more responsive to infection, which was associated with increased survival and higher levels of inflammatory mediators. This study is the first to demonstrate the influence of microbiota in the host response against C. gattii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marliete Carvalho Costa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Julliana Ribeiro Alves Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maira Juliana Andrade Ribeiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gustavo José Cota de Freitas
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafael Wesley Bastos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Freitas Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora-Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Miranda
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100 Brazil
| | - Raquel Duque Nascimento Arifa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Campi Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Alves Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antonio Lúcio Teixeira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100 Brazil
| | - Danielle G Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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Silva JF, Capettini LSA, da Silva JFP, Sales-Junior P, Cruz JS, Cortes SF, Lemos VS. Mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 82:73-81. [PMID: 26988253 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular disorders have a direct link to mortality in the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. However, the underlying mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in this phase are largely unknown. We hypothesize that T. cruzi invades endothelial cells causing dysfunction in contractility and relaxation of the mouse aorta. Immunodetection of T. cruzi antigen TcRBP28 was observed in endothelial cells. There was a decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived NO-dependent vascular relaxation, and increased vascular contractility accompanied by augmented superoxide anions production. Endothelial removal, inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), blockade of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) TP receptors, and scavenger of superoxide normalized the contractile response. COX-2, thromboxane synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), p65 NFκB subunit and p22(phox) of NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) subunit expressions were increased in vessels of chagasic animals. Serum TNF-α was augmented. Basal NO production, and nitrotyrosine residue expression were increased. It is concluded that T. cruzi invades mice aorta endothelial cells and increases TXA2/TP receptor/NOX-derived superoxide formation. Alongside, T. cruzi promotes systemic TNF-α increase, which stimulates iNOS expression in vessels and nitrosative stress. In light of the heart failure that develops in the chronic phase of the disease, to understand the mechanism involved in the increased contractility of the aorta is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane F Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luciano S A Capettini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - José F P da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Jader Santos Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Steyner F Cortes
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Virginia S Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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Akcılar R, Akcılar A, Şimşek H, Koçak FE, Koçak C, Yümün G, Bayat Z. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment ameliorates lung injury in paraquat intoxicated rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:13034-13042. [PMID: 26722498 PMCID: PMC4680443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an agrochemical agent commonly used worldwide, which can cause acute lung injury (ALI) and death. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) is a therapeutic method, but the mechanisms of the protective effect of HBOT on ALI remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of HBOT on acute lung injury induced by PQ in rats. Wistar Albino rats (n=21) were separated into three groups of seven animals each: control (C), PQ, and PQ + HBOT groups. 20 mg/kg PQ was administered intraperitoneally in PQ and PQ + HBOT groups to induce experimental lung injury. Three days after PQ treatment, PQ + HBOT group was administered 100% O2 at 2.0 ATA for 1 hour per day, for five consecutive days. At the end of the study, lung tissue was obtained for determining total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and histopathological determination. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level in the plasma was determined. Plasma iNOS, OSI, tissue TNF-α, TGF-β1 and bFGF mRNA levels, and histological injury scores in PQ + HBOT group were significantly lower than PQ group. TAS level in PQ + HBOT group was significantly higher than PQ group. The findings suggest that HBOT could effectively ameliorate PQ-induced lung injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Akcılar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dumlupınar Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Aydın Akcılar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Dumlupınar, Experimental Animal Research Center Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Şimşek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dumlupınar Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Emel Koçak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dumlupınar Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Koçak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dumlupınar Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Gündüz Yümün
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namık Kemal Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Bayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Dumlupınar Kütahya, Turkey
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Olivon VC, Aires RD, Santiago LB, Ramalho LZN, Cortes SF, Lemos VS. Mas receptor overexpression increased Ang-(1-7) relaxation response in renovascular hypertensive rat carotid. Peptides 2015; 71:250-8. [PMID: 26256416 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important factor in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Mas receptor, Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]-activated receptor, is an important RAS component and exerts protective effects in the vasculature. Ang-(1-7) vascular effects and Mas receptor expression in carotid from renovascular hypertensive (2K-1C) rats is not clear. In the present study we investigated Mas receptor vasodilator response activated by Ang-(1-7) in the carotid rings from sham and 2K-1C rats. Changes in isometric tension were recorded on organ chamber. Mas receptors expression was investigated in carotid by Western blot. Nitric oxide production was evaluated by 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) and eNOS expression and activity by immunofluoresce and western blot, respectively. Ang-(1-7) induced concentration-dependent vasodilator effect in carotid rings from sham and 2K-1C, which the hypertension increased vasodilatation response. In the 2K-1C carotid rings, A-779 (Mas receptor antagonist) reduced but not abolish the vasodilator effect of Ang-(1-7). Corroborating, Mas receptor protein expression was significantly increased in the 2K-1C rats. L-NAME and ibuprofen decreased Ang-(1-7) vasodilator response and L-NAME plus ibuprofen practically abolish the remaining vasodilatation response. Nitric oxide production is increased due increased of eNOS expression and pSer(1177) activity. Our results demonstrated that renovascular hypertension increased Mas receptors expression and nitric oxide production in the rats carotid which, consequently increased Ang-(1-7)-vasorelaxant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Olivon
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R D Aires
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - L B Santiago
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - L Z N Ramalho
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto Campus, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - S F Cortes
- Department of Phamacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - V S Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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16
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Yin Y, Zhang J, Song D. Effects of lysine aspirin on lung AQP5 expression and lymphocyte apoptosis in paraquat-poisoned rats. TOXIN REV 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2015.1015036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gong P, Lu Z, Xing J, Wang N, Zhang Y. Traditional chinese medicine Xuebijing treatment is associated with decreased mortality risk of patients with moderate paraquat poisoning. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123504. [PMID: 25923333 PMCID: PMC4414552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat poisoning causes multiple organ injury and high mortality due to severe toxicity and lack of effective treatment. Xuebijing (XBJ) injection, a traditional Chinese medicine preparation of five Chinese herbs (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhiae, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Flos Carthami, Angelica Sinensis and Radix Paeoniae Rubra), has an anti-inflammatory effect and is widely used in the treatment of sepsis. This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the effects of XBJ combined with conventional therapy on mortality risk of patients with acute paraquat poisoning. Out of 68 patients, 27 were treated with conventional therapy (control group) and 41 were treated with intravenous administration of XBJ (100 ml, twice a day, up to 7 days) plus conventional therapy (XBJ group). Vital organ function, survival time within 28 days and adverse events during the treatment were reviewed. Results indicated that XBJ treatment significantly increased median survival time among patients ingesting 10-30 ml of paraquat (P=0.02) compared with the control group. After adjustment for covariates, XBJ treatment was associated significantly with a lower mortality risk (adjusted HR 0.242, 95% CI 0.113 to 0.516, P=0.001) compared with the control group. Additionally, compared with Day 1, on Day 3 the value of PaO2/FiO2 was significantly decreased, and the values of serum alanine aminotransferase, creatinine and troponin T were significantly increased in the control group (all P<0.05), but these values were significant improved in the XBJ group (all P<0.05). Only one patient had skin rash with itch within 30 minutes after injection and no severe adverse events were found in the XBJ group. In conclusion, XBJ treatment is associated with decreased mortality risk of patients with moderate paraquat poisoning, which may be attributed to improved function of vital organs with no severe adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gong
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhidan Lu
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xing
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Wang Y, Tian Z, Zang W, Jiang H, Li Y, Wang S, Chen S. Exercise training reduces insulin resistance in postmyocardial infarction rats. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/4/e12339. [PMID: 25907785 PMCID: PMC4425954 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) induces cardiac dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR). This study examines the effects of MI-related IR on vasorelaxation and its underlying mechanisms, with a specific focus on the role of exercise in reversing the impaired vasorelaxation. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Sham, MI, and MI+Exercise. MI+Exercise rats were subjected to 8 weeks of treadmill training. Cardiac contraction, myocardial and arterial structure, vasorelaxation, levels of inflammatory cytokines, expression of eNOS and TNF-α, and activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) were determined in aortas. MI significantly impaired endothelial structure and vasodilation (P < 0.05-0.01), as indicated by decreased arterial vasorelaxation to ACh and insulin. MI also attenuated the myocardial contractile response, decreased aortic PI3K/Akt/eNOS expression and phosphorylation by insulin, and increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression and p38 MAPK activity (P < 0.05-0.01). Exercise improved insulin sensitivity in aortas, facilitated myocardial contractile response and arterial vasorelaxation to ACh and insulin, and increased arterial PI3K/Akt/eNOS activity. Moreover, exercise markedly reversed increased p38 MAPK activity and normalized inflammatory cytokines in post-MI arteries. Inhibition of PI3K with LY-294002, and eNOS with L-NAME significantly blocked arterial vasorelaxation and PI3K/Akt/eNOS phosphorylation in response to insulin. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction in response to insulin plays an important role in MI-related IR. The reversal of IR by exercise is most likely associated with normalizing inflammatory cytokines, increasing the activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS, and reducing the activation of p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Department of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongke Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Theodorakis NG, Wang YN, Korshunov VA, Maluccio MA, Skill NJ. Thalidomide ameliorates portal hypertension via nitric oxide synthase independent reduced systolic blood pressure. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4126-4135. [PMID: 25892862 PMCID: PMC4394073 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i14.4126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Portal hypertension is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and significantly increases mortality and morbidity. Previous reports have suggested that the compound thalidomide attenuates portal hypertension (PHT). However, the mechanism for this action is not fully elucidated. One hypothesis is that thalidomide destabilizes tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) mRNA and therefore diminishes TNFα induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the production of nitric oxide (NO). To examine this hypothesis, we utilized the murine partial portal vein ligation (PVL) PHT model in combination with endothelial or inducible NOS isoform gene knockout mice.
METHODS: Wild type, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-/- and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-/- mice received either PVL or sham surgery and were given either thalidomide or vehicle. Serum nitrate (total nitrate, NOx) was measured daily for 7 d as a surrogate of NO synthesis. Serum TNFα level was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TNFα mRNA was quantified in liver and aorta tissue by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. PHT was determined by recording splenic pulp pressure (SPP) and abdominal aortic flow after 0-7 d. Response to thalidomide was determined by measurement of SPP and mean arterial pressure (MAP).
RESULTS: SPP, abdominal aortic flow (Qao) and plasma NOx were increased in wild type and iNOS-/- PVL mice when compared to sham operated control mice. In contrast, SPP, Qao and plasma NOx were not increased in eNOS-/- PVL mice when compared to sham controls. Serum TNFα level in both sham and PVL mice was below the detection limit of the commercial ELISA used. Therefore, the effect of thalidomide on serum TNFα levels was undetermined in wild type, eNOS-/- or iNOS-/- mice. Thalidomide acutely increased plasma NOx in wild type and eNOS-/- mice but not iNOS-/- mice. Moreover, thalidomide temporarily (0-90 min) decreased mean arterial pressure, SPP and Qao in wild type, eNOS-/- and iNOS-/- PVL mice, after which time levels returned to the respective baseline.
CONCLUSION: Thalidomide does not reduce portal pressure in the murine PVL model by modulation of NO biosynthesis. Rather, thalidomide reduces PHT by decreasing MAP by an undetermined mechanism.
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Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4600-14. [PMID: 25739077 PMCID: PMC4394437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by disturbed extravillous trophoblast migration toward uterine spiral arteries leading to increased uteroplacental vascular resistance and by vascular dysfunction resulting in reduced systemic vasodilatory properties. Its pathogenesis is mediated by an altered bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and tissue damage caused by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, superoxide (O2−) rapidly inactivates NO and forms peroxynitrite (ONOO−). It is known that ONOO− accumulates in the placental tissues and injures the placental function in PE. In addition, ROS could stimulate platelet adhesion and aggregation leading to intravascular coagulopathy. ROS-induced coagulopathy causes placental infarction and impairs the uteroplacental blood flow in PE. The disorders could lead to the reduction of oxygen and nutrients required for normal fetal development resulting in fetal growth restriction. On the other hand, several antioxidants scavenge ROS and protect tissues against oxidative damage. Placental antioxidants including catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) protect the vasculature from ROS and maintain the vascular function. However, placental ischemia in PE decreases the antioxidant activity resulting in further elevated oxidative stress, which leads to the appearance of the pathological conditions of PE including hypertension and proteinuria. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between ROS and antioxidant activity. This review provides new insights about roles of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of PE.
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21
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Costa KM, Maciel IS, Kist LW, Campos MM, Bogo MR. Pharmacological inhibition of CXCR2 chemokine receptors modulates paraquat-induced intoxication in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105740. [PMID: 25153082 PMCID: PMC4143277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an agrochemical agent commonly used worldwide, which is allied to potential risks of intoxication. This herbicide induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that ends up compromising various organs, particularly the lungs and the brain. This study evaluated the deleterious effects of paraquat on the central nervous system (CNS) and peripherally, with special attempts to assess the putative protective effects of the selective CXCR2 receptor antagonist SB225002 on these parameters. PQ-toxicity was induced in male Wistar rats, in a total dose of 50 mg/kg, and control animals received saline solution at the same schedule of administration. Separate groups of animals were treated with the selective CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 (1 or 3 mg/kg), administered 30 min before each paraquat injection. The major changes found in paraquat-treated animals were: decreased body weight and hypothermia, nociception behavior, impairment of locomotor and gait capabilities, enhanced TNF-α and IL-1β expression in the striatum, and cell migration to the lungs and blood. Some of these parameters were reversed when the antagonist SB225002 was administered, including recovery of physiological parameters, decreased nociception, improvement of gait abnormalities, modulation of striatal TNF-α and IL-1β expression, and decrease of neutrophil migration to the lungs and blood. Taken together, our results demonstrate that damage to the central and peripheral systems elicited by paraquat can be prevented by the pharmacological inhibition of CXCR2 chemokine receptors. The experimental evidence presented herein extends the comprehension on the toxicodynamic aspects of paraquat, and opens new avenues to treat intoxication induced by this herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesiane M. Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Izaque S. Maciel
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza W. Kist
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Maria M. Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
- Faculty of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil,
| | - Maurício R. Bogo
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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