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Pec M, Ferreira EA, Peñaflor MFGV. Association of Non-host Crop Plants with Mandarin in Host Location and Survival of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:304-313. [PMID: 38091236 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Research efforts have been made to develop novel tactics, such as those targeting behavioral control, for management of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), vector of the causal agent of citrus Huanglongbing. Here, we investigated whether association of "Ponkan" mandarin (Citrus reticulata) with volatiles from non-host crops: avocado, passion fruit or coffee, alters host location by the Asian citrus psyllid; and whether they can be temporary hosts for the Asian citrus psyllid. In wind tunnel assays, we found that the association of mandarin seedling with avocado plant volatiles reduced in 30% the number of psyllids sitting on host plants compared to the mandarin alone. In contrast, passion fruit plant volatiles facilitated host location by psyllids, which found mandarin seedlings faster than when exposed to mandarin alone. The association with coffee volatiles did not alter the attractiveness of mandarin to the Asian citrus psyllid. Survival and half-lethal time (LT50) of D. citri fed on non-host plants were longer than those insects with water only, but shorter than those fed on mandarin. Among the non-host plants, D. citri performed better in coffee, followed by avocado and passion fruit plants. Our results indicate that the association of mandarin with avocado plant can be beneficial for Asian citrus psyllid management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Pec
- Dept of Entomology, Lab of Chemical Ecology of Insect-Plant Interaction (LEQIIP), Univ Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Fernanda G V Peñaflor
- Dept of Entomology, Lab of Chemical Ecology of Insect-Plant Interaction (LEQIIP), Univ Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Cloonan KR, Montgomery WS, Narvaez TI, Kendra PE. A New Repellent for Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Primary Vector of the Mycopathogen That Causes Laurel Wilt. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2406. [PMID: 37446966 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, was detected in Georgia, USA, in 2002 and has since spread to 11 additional states. This wood-boring weevil carries a symbiotic fungus, Harringtonia lauricola, that causes laurel wilt, a lethal disease of trees in the Lauraceae family. Native ambrosia beetles that breed in infected trees can acquire H. lauricola and contribute to the spread of laurel wilt. Since 2002, laurel wilt has devastated native Persea species in coastal forests and has killed an estimated 200,000 avocado trees in Florida. Since laurel wilt is difficult to manage once it has entered a susceptible agrosystem, this study evaluated piperitone as a candidate repellent to deter attacks by X. glabratus and other ambrosia beetles. Additionally, piperitone was compared to the known repellent verbenone as a potential cost-effective alternative. The repellent efficacy was determined by comparing captures in traps baited with commercial beetle lures containing α-copaene versus captures in traps baited with lures plus a repellent. In parallel 10-week field tests, the addition of piperitone reduced the captures of X. glabratus in α-copaene-baited traps by 90%; however, there was no significant reduction in the captures of native ambrosia beetles in ethanol-baited traps. In two replicate 10-week comparative tests, piperitone and verbenone both reduced X. glabratus captures by 68-90%, with longevity over the full 10 weeks. This study identifies piperitone as a new X. glabratus repellent with potential for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Cloonan
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Wayne S Montgomery
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Teresa I Narvaez
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Paul E Kendra
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158, USA
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3
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Kasiotis KM, Baira E, Iosifidou S, Manea-Karga E, Tsipi D, Gounari S, Theologidis I, Barmpouni T, Danieli PP, Lazzari F, Dipasquale D, Petrarca S, Shairra S, Ghazala NA, Abd El-Wahed AA, El-Gamal SMA, Machera K. Fingerprinting Chemical Markers in the Mediterranean Orange Blossom Honey: UHPLC-HRMS Metabolomics Study Integrating Melissopalynological Analysis, GC-MS and HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093967. [PMID: 37175378 PMCID: PMC10180536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Citrus honey constitutes a unique monofloral honey characterized by a distinctive aroma and unique taste. The non-targeted chemical analysis can provide pivotal information on chemical markers that differentiate honey based on its geographical and botanical origin. (2) Methods: Within the PRIMA project "PLANT-B", a metabolomics workflow was established to unveil potential chemical markers of orange blossom honey produced in case study areas of Egypt, Italy, and Greece. In some of these areas, aromatic medicinal plants were cultivated to enhance biodiversity and attract pollinators. The non-targeted chemical analysis and metabolomics were conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). (3) Results: Forty compounds were disclosed as potential chemical markers, enabling the differentiation of the three orange blossom honeys according to geographical origin. Italian honey showed a preponderance of flavonoids, while in Greek honey, terpenoids and iridoids were more abundant than flavonoids, except for hesperidin. In Egyptian honey, suberic acid and a fatty acid ester derivative emerged as chemical markers. New, for honey, furan derivatives were identified using GC-MS in Greek samples. (4) Conclusions: The application of UHPLC-HRMS metabolomics combined with an elaborate melissopalynological analysis managed to unveil several potential markers of Mediterranean citrus honey potentially associated with citrus crop varieties and the local indigenous flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos M Kasiotis
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Eirini Baira
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Styliani Iosifidou
- General Chemical State Laboratory, Independent Public Revenue Authority (A.A.D.E.), 16 An. Tsocha Street, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Electra Manea-Karga
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Despina Tsipi
- General Chemical State Laboratory, Independent Public Revenue Authority (A.A.D.E.), 16 An. Tsocha Street, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Gounari
- Laboratory of Apiculture, Institute of Mediterranean & Forest Ecosystems, ELGO DHMHTRA, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Theologidis
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Theodora Barmpouni
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Pier Paolo Danieli
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via. S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Filippo Lazzari
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via. S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Daniele Dipasquale
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via. S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sonia Petrarca
- Consorzio Nazionale Produttori Apistici (CONAPROA), Via N. Guerrizio, 2, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Souad Shairra
- Biological Control Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A Ghazala
- Department of Bee Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12627, Egypt
| | - Aida A Abd El-Wahed
- Department of Bee Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12627, Egypt
| | - Seham M A El-Gamal
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece
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Han X, Zhang J, Han S, Chong SL, Meng G, Song M, Wang Y, Zhou S, Liu C, Lou L, Lou X, Cheng L, Lin E, Huang H, Yang Q, Tong Z. The chromosome-scale genome of Phoebe bournei reveals contrasting fates of terpene synthase (TPS)-a and TPS-b subfamilies. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100410. [PMID: 35841151 PMCID: PMC9700126 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids, including aromatic volatile monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, function in defense against pathogens and herbivores. Phoebe trees are remarkable for their scented wood and decay resistance. Unlike other Lauraceae species investigated to date, Phoebe species predominantly accumulate sesquiterpenoids instead of monoterpenoids. Limited genomic data restrict the elucidation of terpenoid variation and functions. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of a Lauraceae tree, Phoebe bournei, and identify 72 full-length terpene synthase (TPS) genes. Genome-level comparison shows pervasive lineage-specific duplication and contraction of TPS subfamilies, which have contributed to the extreme terpenoid variation within Lauraceae species. Although the TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies were both expanded via tandem duplication in P. bournei, more TPS-a copies were retained and constitutively expressed, whereas more TPS-b copies were lost. The TPS-a genes on chromosome 8 functionally diverged to synthesize eight highly accumulated sesquiterpenes in P. bournei. The essential oil of P. bournei and its main component, β-caryophyllene, exhibited antifungal activities against the three most widespread canker pathogens of trees. The TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies have experienced contrasting fates over the evolution of P. bournei. The abundant sesquiterpenoids produced by TPS-a proteins contribute to the excellent pathogen resistance of P. bournei trees. Overall, this study sheds light on the evolution and adaptation of terpenoids in Lauraceae and provides valuable resources for boosting plant immunity against pathogens in various trees and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shuang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Sun Li Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | | | - Minyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shengcai Zhou
- Experimental Forest Farm of Qingyuan County, Qingyuan, Zhejiang 323800, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Luhuan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xiongzhen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Longjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Erpei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Huahong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Zaikang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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Cloonan KR, Montgomery WS, Narvaez TI, Carrillo D, Kendra PE. Community of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) in Agricultural and Forest Ecosystems with Laurel Wilt. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13110971. [PMID: 36354793 PMCID: PMC9692491 DOI: 10.3390/insects13110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is an invasive wood-boring pest first detected in the USA in 2002 in Georgia. The beetle's dominant fungal symbiont, Harringtonialauricola, causes laurel wilt, a lethal disease of trees in the Lauraceae. Over the past 20 years, X. glabratus and laurel wilt have spread to twelve southeastern states, resulting in high mortality of native Persea species, including redbay (P. borbonia), swampbay (P. palustris), and silkbay (P. humilis). Laurel wilt also threatens avocado (P. americana) in south Florida, but in contrast to the situation in forests, X. glabratus is detected at very low levels in affected groves. Moreover, other species of ambrosia beetle have acquired H. lauricola and now function as secondary vectors. To better understand the beetle communities in different ecosystems exhibiting laurel wilt, parallel field tests were conducted in an avocado grove in Miami-Dade County and a swampbay forest in Highlands County, FL. Sampling utilized ethanol lures (the best general attractant for ambrosia beetles) and essential oil lures (the best attractants for X. glabratus), alone and in combination, resulting in detection of 20 species. This study documents host-related differences in beetle diversity and population levels, and species-specific differences in chemical ecology, as reflected in efficacy of lures and lure combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Cloonan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Wayne S. Montgomery
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Teresa I. Narvaez
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280 ST, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Paul E. Kendra
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
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Electroantennographic Responses of Wild and Laboratory-Reared Females of Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff and Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to Ethanol and Bark Volatiles of Three Host-Plant Species. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070655. [PMID: 35886831 PMCID: PMC9320532 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The ambrosia beetles Xyleborus affinis and Xyleborus ferrugineus are wood borers reported as secondary vectors of pathogenic fungi that cause lethal vascular diseases in mango, cacao, and trees within the laurel family. The use of specific attractants or repellants is one potential method for monitoring or controlling these pests. Chemical ecology studies to develop such tools often use wild or laboratory-reared beetles without first determining whether there are differences in their responses. We compared the antennal olfactory responses of wild and laboratory-reared X. affinis and X. ferrugineus to bark odors of gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba), mango (Mangifera indica) and chinini (Persea schiedeana) with different aging times and used GC–MS to analyze the chemical composition of these bark odors. The antennal responses of laboratory-reared and wild females differed in X. affinis and X. ferrugineus when interacting with odors. In addition, both beetle species displayed stronger antennal responses to aged bark odors of gumbo-limbo and chinini, apparently due to changes in volatile emissions over time. Abstract Chemical ecology studies on ambrosia beetles are typically conducted with either wild or laboratory-reared specimens. Unlike laboratory-reared insects, important aspects that potentially influence behavioral responses, such as age, physiological state, and prior experience are unknown in wild specimens. In this study, we compared the electroantennographic (EAG) responses of laboratory-reared and wild X. affinis and X. ferrugineus to 70% ethanol and bark odors (host kairomones) of Bursera simaruba, Mangifera indica, and Persea schiedeana aged for 2, 24, and 48 h. Chemical analyses of each odor treatment (bark species x length of aging) were performed to determine their volatilome composition. EAG responses were different between laboratory-reared and wild X. ferrugineus when exposed to ethanol, whereas wild X. affinis exhibited similar EAG responses to the laboratory-reared insects. Ethanol elicited the strongest olfactory responses in both species. Among the bark-odors, the highest responses were triggered by B. simaruba at 48 h in X. affinis, and P. schiedeana at 24 and 48 h in X. ferrugineus. Volatile profiles varied among aged bark samples; 3-carene and limonene were predominant in B. simaruba, whereas α-copaene and α-cubebene were abundant in P. schiedeana. Further studies are needed to determine the biological function of B. simaruba and P. schiedeana terpenes on X. affinis and X. ferrugineus, and their potential application for the development of effective lures.
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Maccracken SA, Miller IM, Johnson KR, Sertich JM, Labandeira CC. Insect herbivory on Catula gettyi gen. et sp. nov. (Lauraceae) from the Kaiparowits Formation (Late Cretaceous, Utah, USA). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261397. [PMID: 35061696 PMCID: PMC8782542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian Stage) Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, USA, preserves abundant plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate fossil taxa. Taken together, these fossils indicate that the ecosystems preserved in the Kaiparowits Formation were characterized by high biodiversity. Hundreds of vertebrate and invertebrate species and over 80 plant morphotypes are recognized from the formation, but insects and their associations with plants are largely undocumented. Here, we describe a new fossil leaf taxon, Catula gettyi gen et. sp. nov. in the family Lauraceae from the Kaiparowits Formation. Catula gettyi occurs at numerous localities in this deposit that represent ponded and distal floodplain environments. The type locality for C. gettyi has yielded 1,564 fossil leaf specimens of this species, which provides the opportunity to circumscribe this new plant species. By erecting this new genus and species, we are able to describe ecological associations on C. gettyi and place these interactions within a taxonomic context. We describe an extensive archive of feeding damage on C. gettyi caused by herbivorous insects, including more than 800 occurrences of insect damage belonging to five functional feeding groups indicating that insect-mediated damage on this taxon is both rich and abundant. Catula gettyi is one of the best-sampled host plant taxa from the Mesozoic Era, a poorly sampled time interval, and its insect damage is comparable to other Lauraceae taxa from the younger Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Flora of North Dakota, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Augusta Maccracken
- Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO, United States of America
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ian M. Miller
- Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO, United States of America
- National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kirk R. Johnson
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Sertich
- Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Conrad C. Labandeira
- Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO, United States of America
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
- BEES Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing,China
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LIANG M, YANG Y, ZHENG FP, SUN BG, WANG XP, YU AN. Comparison of free and bound volatile profiles of immature Litsea mollis fruits grown in five distinct regions of China. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.28821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao LIANG
- Hubei Minzu University, China; Hubei Minzu University, China
| | - Yan YANG
- Hubei Minzu University, China; Hubei Minzu University, China
| | | | - Bao-Guo SUN
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | | | - Ai-Nong YU
- Hubei Minzu University, China; Beijing Technology and Business University, China
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9
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Wheeler GS, Kendra PE, David AS, Lake EC, Sigmon JW, Palacios J, Donlan EM. Community of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) Infesting Brazilian Peppertree Treated With Herbicide and the Volatile Tree Response. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:1311-1321. [PMID: 34519789 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), is one of the most invasive weeds of natural and agricultural areas of Florida, Hawaii, and Texas (USA). Herbicides are the main tool used to manage populations of this weed. Faunal inventories of the insects associated with invasive populations of the weed have mostly listed leaf-feeding phytophagous, pollinator, or predacious species. Among these, bark and ambrosia beetles were collected only once from S. terebinthifolia in the invaded range and there are no reports from the native range. A diverse assemblage of bark and ambrosia beetles, many well-known economic pests of ornamentals, was reared from S. terebinthifolia bolts collected at a restoration site in Florida that had been treated with herbicide (triclopyr ester). A similar collection of beetles was captured on ethanol-baited sticky traps. No beetles emerged from bolts of untreated trees, almost none emerged from those wounded with a machete (3.1% of total), whereas nearly all the beetles collected emerged from bolts that had been treated with herbicide (62.3%) or the combination wounded + herbicide (34.6%). Ethanol was detected from the herbicide and wound + herbicide-treated bolts suggesting this was the attractive kairomone. Abundant amounts of other volatiles were collected from all bolts, especially from the wounded treatment, but no association was detected between volatile emissions and beetle infestation. Further studies are needed to determine whether invasive populations of S. terebinthifolia treated with herbicides constitute reservoirs for pest bark and ambrosia beetles that may spill over onto neighboring ornamental hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Wheeler
- USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Paul E Kendra
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Ellen C Lake
- USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Joseph W Sigmon
- USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Jean Palacios
- USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ellen M Donlan
- South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
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10
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Aguirre-von-Wobeser E, Alonso-Sánchez A, Méndez-Bravo A, Villanueva Espino LA, Reverchon F. Barks from avocado trees of different geographic locations have consistent microbial communities. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4593-4607. [PMID: 34160629 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bark is a permanent surface for microbial colonization at the interface of trees and the surrounding air, but little is known about its microbial communities. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to analyze the bark microbiomes of avocado trees from two orchards, and compared one of them to rhizospheric soil. It was shown that the microbial communities of avocado bark have a well-defined taxonomic structure, with consistent patterns of abundance of bacteria, fungi, and archaea, even in trees from two different locations. Bark microbial communities were distinct from rhizospheric soil, although they showed overlap in some taxa. Thus, avocado bark is a well-defined environment, providing niches for specific taxonomic groups, many of which are also found in other aerial plant tissues. The present in-depth characterization of bark microbial communities can form a basis for their future manipulation for agronomical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneas Aguirre-von-Wobeser
- Unidad Regional Hidalgo, CONACYT, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo, A.C., Blvd. Sta. Catarina s/n, Col. Santiago Tlapacoya, 42110, San Agustin Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Alexandro Alonso-Sánchez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Méndez-Bravo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, CONACYT, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, 58190, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Villanueva Espino
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, CONACYT, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, 58190, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Frédérique Reverchon
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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11
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Orejuela-Escobar LM, Landázuri AC, Goodell B. Second generation biorefining in Ecuador: Circular bioeconomy, zero waste technology, environment and sustainable development: The nexus. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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12
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Roy K, Jaenecke KA, Peck RW. Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Communities and Frass Production in 'Ōhi'a (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) Infected With Ceratocystis (Microascales: Ceratocystidaceae) Fungi Responsible for Rapid 'Ōhi'a Death. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:1345-1354. [PMID: 33315073 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid 'Ōhi'a Death (ROD) is a deadly disease that is threatening the native Hawaiian keystone tree species, 'ōhi'a lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha Gaudich). Ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and their frass are hypothesized to play a major role in the spread of ROD, although their ecological niches and frass production within trees and across the landscape are not well understood. We characterized the beetle communities and associated frass production from bolts (tree stem sections) representative of entire individual 'ōhi'a trees from multiple locations across Hawai'i Island by rearing beetles and testing their frass for viable ROD-causing fungi. Additionally, we estimated frass production for three beetle species by weighing their frass over time. We found that Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzburg), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius), Xyleborus perforans (Wollaston), and Xyleborus simillimus Perkins were commonly found on ROD-infected 'ōhi'a and each produced frass containing viable Ceratocystis propagules. The Hawai'i Island endemic beetle and the only native ambrosia beetle associated with 'ōhi'a, X. simillimus, was limited to high elevations and appeared to utilize similar tree heights or niche dimensions as the invasive X. ferrugineus. Viable Ceratocystis propagules expelled in frass were found throughout entire tree bole sections as high as 13 m. Additionally, we found that X. ferrugineus produced over 4× more frass than X. simillimus. Our results indicate the ambrosia beetle community and their frass play an important role in the ROD pathosystem. This information may help with the development and implementation of management strategies to control the spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylle Roy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, Hawai'i National Park, HI
| | - Kelly A Jaenecke
- Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI
| | - Robert W Peck
- Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI
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13
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Piva LRDO, Jardine KJ, Gimenez BO, de Oliveira Perdiz R, Menezes VS, Durgante FM, Cobello LO, Higuchi N, Chambers JQ. Volatile monoterpene 'fingerprints' of resinous Protium tree species in the Amazon rainforest. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 160:61-70. [PMID: 30711572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Volatile terpenoid resins represent a diverse group of plant defense chemicals involved in defense against herbivory, abiotic stress, and communication. However, their composition in tropical forests remains poorly characterized. As a part of tree identification, the 'smell' of damaged trunks is widely used, but is highly subjective. Here, we analyzed trunk volatile monoterpene emissions from 15 species of the genus Protium in the central Amazon. By normalizing the abundances of 28 monoterpenes, 9 monoterpene 'fingerprint' patterns emerged, characterized by a distinct dominant monoterpene. While 4 of the 'fingerprint' patterns were composed of multiple species, 5 were composed of a single species. Moreover, among individuals of the same species, 6 species had a single 'fingerprint' pattern, while 9 species had two or more 'fingerprint' patterns among individuals. A comparison of 'fingerprints' between 2015 and 2017 from 15 individuals generally showed excellent agreement, demonstrating a strong dependence on species identity, but not time of collection. The results are consistent with a previous study that found multiple divergent copies of monoterpene synthase enzymes in Protium. We conclude that the monoterpene 'fingerprint' database has important implications for constraining Protium species identification and phylogenetic relationships and enhancing understanding of physiological and ecological functions of resins and their potential commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luani R de O Piva
- Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Kolby J Jardine
- Department of Forest Management, National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Bruno O Gimenez
- Department of Forest Management, National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | | | - Valdiek S Menezes
- Department of Forest Management, National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Flávia M Durgante
- Department of Forest Management, National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Leticia O Cobello
- Department of Forest Management, National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Department of Forest Management, National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Geography, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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14
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang YH, Shen SK. Transcriptome Analysis of Cinnamomum chago: A Revelation of Candidate Genes for Abiotic Stress Response and Terpenoid and Fatty Acid Biosyntheses. Front Genet 2018; 9:505. [PMID: 30455715 PMCID: PMC6231050 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum chago, an endangered species endemic to Yunnan province, possesses large economic and phylogenetic values in Lauraceae. However, the genomic information of this species remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we used RNAseq technology to characterize and annotate the C. chago transcriptome and identify candidate genes involved in special metabolic pathways and gene-associated simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). A total of 129,097 unigenes, with a mean length of 667 bp and an N50 length of 1,062 bp, were assembled. Among these genes, 56,887 (44.07%) unigenes were successfully annotated using at least one database. Furthermore, 47 and 46 candidate genes were identified in terpenoid biosynthesis and fatty acid biosynthesis, respectively. A total of 22 candidate genes participated in at least one abiotic stress response of C. chago. Additionally, a total of 25,654 SSRs and 640 SNPs were also identified. Based on these potential loci, 55 novel expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR primers were successfully developed. This work provides comprehensive transcriptomic data that can be used to establish a valuable information platform for gene prediction, signaling pathway investigation, and molecular marker development for C. chago and other related species. Such a platform can facilitate further studies on germplasm conservation and utilization of Lauraceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shi-Kang Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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15
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Kendra PE, Montgomery WS, Niogret J, Tabanca N, Owens D, Epsky ND. Utility of essential oils for development of host-based lures for Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), vector of laurel wilt. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRedbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is native to Southeast Asia, but subsequent to introduction in Georgia in 2002, it has become a serious invasive pest in the USA, now established in nine southeastern states. Females vector Raffaelea lauricola, the fungus that causes laurel wilt, a lethal vascular disease of trees in the family Lauraceae. Laurel wilt has caused extensive mortality in native Persea species, including redbay (P. borbonia), swampbay (P. palustris), and silkbay (P. humilis). Avocado (P. americana) is now impacted in Florida, and with continued spread, laurel wilt has potential to affect avocado and native Lauraceae in California, Mexico, and throughout the American tropics. Effective lures for detection and control of X. glabratus are critical to slow the spread of laurel wilt. No pheromones are known for this species; primary attractants are volatile terpenoids emitted from host Lauraceae. This report provides a concise summary of the chemical ecology of X. glabratus, highlighting research to identify kairomones used by females for host location. It summarizes development of essential oil lures for pest detection, including discussions of the initial use of phoebe and manuka oil lures, the current cubeb oil lure, and a newly-developed distilled oil lure enriched in (-)-α-copaene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Kendra
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Wayne S. Montgomery
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Jerome Niogret
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
- Niogret Ecology Consulting LLC, 2980 SW 25th Street, Miami, FL 33133, USA
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - David Owens
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
- University of Delaware, Carvel Research and Education Center, 16483 County Seat Highway, Georgetown, DE 19947, USA
| | - Nancy D. Epsky
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
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16
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Kendra PE, Owens D, Montgomery WS, Narvaez TI, Bauchan GR, Schnell EQ, Tabanca N, Carrillo D. α-Copaene is an attractant, synergistic with quercivorol, for improved detection of Euwallacea nr. fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179416. [PMID: 28609448 PMCID: PMC5469513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tea shot-hole borer, Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff, is an ambrosia beetle endemic to Asia and a pest of commercial tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze. Recently, a complex of species morphologically similar to E. fornicatus has been recognized, which includes new pests established in Israel and the USA, both in California and Florida. Collectively termed E. nr. fornicatus, these cryptic species carry symbiotic Fusarium spp. fungi, some of which cause dieback disease in susceptible hosts, which include avocado, Persea americana Miller. Due to the threat to this economically important crop, research was initiated to evaluate efficacy of kairomone-based lures for detection of the beetle in Florida (termed the Florida tea shot hole borer, FL-TSHB). A series of field tests were conducted in 2016 in commercial avocado groves known to have FL-TSHB at various population levels. All tests evaluated lures containing quercivorol (p-menth-2-en-1-ol) and α-copaene, presented separately and in combination; and one test evaluated effect of trap type on beetle captures. In addition, electroantennography (EAG) was used to quantify female olfactory responses to lure emissions. This study identified (-)-α-copaene as a new attractant for FL-TSHB, equivalent in efficacy to quercivorol (the standard lure for Euwallacea detection in the USA); however, the combination of lures captured significantly more FL-TSHB than either lure alone. This combination resulted in synergistic attraction at two field sites and additive attraction at a third site. Sticky panel traps captured more FL-TSHB than comparably-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Females engaged in host-seeking flight from 11:00 to 16:00 hr (EST), with peak numbers observed between 12:00 and 13:00 hr. EAG analyses confirmed olfactory chemoreception of both kairomones, with a higher response elicited with the combination of volatiles. Results indicate that detection of pest E. nr. fornicatus in Florida can be improved by using a two-component lure consisting of p-menth-2-en-1-ol and (-)-α-copaene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Kendra
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - David Owens
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Wayne S. Montgomery
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Teresa I. Narvaez
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area Research Center, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Elena Q. Schnell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, FL, United States of America
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17
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Martini X, Hughes MA, Killiny N, George J, Lapointe SL, Smith JA, Stelinski LL. The Fungus Raffaelea lauricola Modifies Behavior of Its Symbiont and Vector, the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Xyleborus Glabratus), by Altering Host Plant Volatile Production. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:519-531. [PMID: 28455797 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus is the vector of the symbiotic fungus, Raffaelea lauricola that causes laurel wilt, a highly lethal disease to members of the Lauraceae family. Pioneer X. glabratus beetles infect live trees with R. lauricola, and only when tree health starts declining more X. glabratus are attracted to the infected tree. Until now this sequence of events was not well understood. In this study, we investigated the temporal patterns of host volatiles and phytohormone production and vector attraction in relation to laurel wilt symptomology. Following inoculations with R. lauricola, volatile collections and behavioral tests were performed at different time points. Three days after infection (DAI), we found significant repellency of X. glabratus by leaf odors of infected swamp bay Persea palustris as compared with controls. However, at 10 and 20 DAI, X. glabratus were more attracted to leaf odors from infected than non-infected host plants. GC-MS analysis revealed an increase in methyl salicylate (MeSA) 3 DAI, whereas an increase of sesquiterpenes and leaf aldehydes was observed 10 and 20 DAI in leaf volatiles. MeSA was the only behaviorally active repellent of X. glabratus in laboratory bioassays. In contrast, X. glabratus did not prefer infected wood over healthy wood, and there was no associated significant difference in their volatile profiles. Analyses of phytohormone profiles revealed an initial increase in the amount of salicylic acid (SA) in leaf tissues following fungal infection, suggesting that the SA pathway was activated by R. lauricola infection, and this activation caused increased release of MeSA. Overall, our findings provide a better understanding of X. glabratus ecology and underline chemical interactions with its symbiotic fungus. Our work also demonstrates how the laurel wilt pathosystem alters host defenses to impact vector behavior and suggests manipulation of host odor by the fungus that attract more vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Martini
- Entomology and Nematology Department, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Experiment Road, Quincy, FL, 32351, USA. .,Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
| | - Marc A Hughes
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, 136 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0410, USA
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Plant Pathology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Justin George
- Subtropical Insects and Horticultural Research Unit, United States Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2001 South Rock Rd., Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Stephen L Lapointe
- Subtropical Insects and Horticultural Research Unit, United States Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2001 South Rock Rd., Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Jason A Smith
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, 136 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0410, USA
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
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18
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Simon AG, Mills DK, Furton KG. Chemical and canine analysis as complimentary techniques for the identification of active odors of the invasive fungus, Raffaelea lauricola. Talanta 2017; 168:320-328. [PMID: 28391862 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Raffaelea lauricola, a fungus causing a vascular wilt (laurel wilt) in Lauraceae trees, was introduced into the United States in the early 2000s. It has devastated forests in the Southeast and has now moved into the commercial avocado groves in southern Florida. Trained detection canines are currently one of the few successful methods for early detection of pre-symptomatic diseased trees. In order to achieve the universal and frequent training required to have successful detection canines, it is desirable to create accessible, safe, and long-lasting training aids. However, identification of odorants and compounds is limited by several factors, including both the availability of chemicals and the need to present chemicals individually and in combination to detection canines. A method for the separation and identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from environmental substances for the creation of such a canine training aid is presented here. Headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to identify the odors present in avocado trees infected with the R. lauricola phytopathogen. Twenty-eight compounds were detected using this method, with nine present in greater than 80% of samples. The majority of these compounds were not commercially available as standard reference materials, and a canine trial was designed to identify the active odors without the need of pure chemical compounds. To facilitate the creation of a canine training aid, the VOCs above R. lauricola were separated by venting a 0.53mm ID solgel-wax gas chromatography column to the atmosphere. Ten minute fractions of the odor profile were collected on cotton gauze in glass vials and presented to the detection canines in a series of field trials. The canines alerted to the VOCs from the vials that correspond to a portion of the chromatogram containing the most volatile species from R. lauricola. This innovative fractionation and collection method can be used to develop reliable and cost effective canine training aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Simon
- International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - DeEtta K Mills
- International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.
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19
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Laurel Wilt in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems: Understanding the Drivers and Scales of Complex Pathosystems. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Simon AG, Mills DK, Furton KG. Chemotyping the temporal volatile organic compounds of an invasive fungus to the United States, Raffaelea lauricola. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:72-76. [PMID: 28143663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspace of the fungus Raffaelea lauricola have been monitored and identified over a twenty-eight day growth period. R. lauricola is an invasive and phytopathogenic fungus that was first identified in the United States in the mid-2000s. It is believed to be spread by a host beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, and is detrimental both to wild members of the Lauraceae family and to commercial avocado groves particularly in the Southeastern region of the country. The fungus causes the fatal laurel wilt disease, a result of the host tree shutting down its vascular system in order to halt the spread of the fungus. The current study identified the VOCs present in the headspace of R. lauricola over the initial growth stage using headspace solid phase microextracion-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Results revealed the VOC dynamics of the fungus in culture, indicating that the initial growth period of the fungus may coincide with potential responses from the host trees that may recognize and respond to the pathogen when the fungal VOCs are produced as a result of primary metabolic processes. As fungal growth progresses past initial growth phases, the predominant compounds seen in the odor profile are hydrocarbons and terpenes, produced from secondary metabolic processes. The odor profile pattern for the twenty-eight day growth period did change with the stages of growth. Based on the information learned from this pilot study, a discussion is presented of possible host tree reactions to R. lauricola and implications for future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Simon
- International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199 USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199 USA
| | - DeEtta K Mills
- International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199 USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199 USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199 USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199 USA.
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21
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Kendra PE, Montgomery WS, Schnell EQ, Deyrup MA, Epsky ND. Efficacy of α-Copaene, Cubeb, and Eucalyptol Lures for Detection of Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:2428-2435. [PMID: 27986939 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is a wood-boring pest that has now invaded nine states in the southeastern United States. The beetle's dominant fungal symbiont (Raffaelea lauricola) is phytopathogenic, inducing laurel wilt in trees within the family Lauraceae. Members of the genus Persea are particularly susceptible to the lethal disease, including native redbay (P. borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris), as well as commercial avocado (P. americana). Cubeb oil lures are the current standard for detection of X. glabratus, but recently eucalyptol and a 50% α-copaene oil have been identified as additional attractants. This study used a combination of binary-choice bioassays, field cage release-and-recapture assays, and a 12-wk field trial to compare efficacy of eucalyptol and copaene lures relative to commercial cubeb lures. In addition, GC-MS was used to quantify emissions from lures field-aged for 12 wk. In laboratory bioassays, copaene lures were more attractive than eucalyptol lures. In field cage assays, copaene lures recaptured a higher percentage of released beetles than cubeb lures. In the field test, cubeb lures captured fewer beetles than copaene lures, and lowest captures were obtained with eucalyptol lures. Combining eucalyptol with either copaene or cubeb lures did not increase captures over those lures deployed alone. Both copaene and cubeb lures were effective in attracting X. glabratus for 12 wk, but field life of eucalyptol lures was only 4 wk, consistent with the quantification of lure emissions. Results suggest that the 50% α-copaene lure provides the best pest detection currently available for X. glabratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Kendra
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158 (; ; ; )
| | - Wayne S Montgomery
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158 (; ; ; )
| | - Elena Q Schnell
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158 (; ; ; )
| | - Mark A Deyrup
- Archbold Biological Station, P.O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862
| | - Nancy D Epsky
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158 (; ; ; )
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García-Rodríguez YM, Torres-Gurrola G, Meléndez-González C, Espinosa-García FJ. Phenotypic Variations in the Foliar Chemical Profile of Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1767-1775. [PMID: 27505234 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Hass avocado tree Persea americana cv. Hass was derived from a single hybrid tree of P. americana var. drymifolia and P. americana var. guatemalensis, and it is propagated clonally by grafting. This cultivar is the most widely planted in the world but its profile of secondary metabolites has been studied rarely despite of its importance in plant protection. We illustrate the variability of the volatilome of mature leaves by describing the average chemical composition and the phenotypic variability found in 70 trees. Contrary to the uniformity expected in the Hass cultivar, high variability coefficients were found for most of the 36 detected foliar volatile compounds; furthermore we found six chemotypes grouping the foliar phenotypes of the sampled trees using hierarchical cluster analysis. About 48% of trees were grouped in one chemotype; five chemotypes grouped the remaining trees. The compounds that determined these chemotypes were: estragole, α-farnesene, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, α-cubebene and eugenol. This striking variation in a cultivar propagated clonally is discussed in terms of somatic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Magdalena García-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hda. San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58089, México
| | - Guadalupe Torres-Gurrola
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hda. San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58089, México
| | - Claudio Meléndez-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hda. San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58089, México
| | - Francisco J Espinosa-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hda. San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58089, México
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Martini X, Hughes MA, Smith JA, Stelinski LL. Attraction of Redbay Ambrosia Beetle, Xyleborus Glabratus, To Leaf Volatiles of its Host Plants in North America. J Chem Ecol 2015; 41:613-21. [PMID: 26070721 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is an important pest of redbay (Persea borbonia) and swamp bay (P. palustris) trees in forests of the southeastern USA. It is also a threat to commercially grown avocado. The beetle is attracted to host wood volatiles, particularly sesquiterpenes. Contrary to other ambrosia beetles that attack stressed, possibly pathogen-infected, and dying trees, X. glabratus readily attacks healthy trees. To date little is known about the role of leaf volatiles in the host selection behavior and ecology of X. glabratus. To address this question, an olfactometer bioassay was developed to test the behavioral response of X. glabratus to plant leaf volatiles. We found that X. glabratus was attracted to the leaf odors of their hosts, redbay and swamp bay, with no attraction to a non-host tree tested (live oak, Quercus virginiana), which served as a negative control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS/MS) analysis of leaves revealed the absence of sesquiterpenes known to be attractive to X. glabratus and present in host wood, suggesting that additional leaf-derived semiochemicals may serve as attractants for this beetle. An artificial blend of chemicals was developed based on GC/MS analyses of leaf volatiles and behavioral assays. This blend was attractive to X. glabratus at a level that rivaled currently used lures for practical monitoring of this pest. This synthetic redbay leaf blend also was tested in the field. Baited traps captured more X. glabratus than unbaited controls and equivalently to manuka oil lures. We hypothesize that leaf volatiles may be used by X. glabratus as an additional cue for host location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Martini
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA,
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Kendra PE, Niogret J, Montgomery WS, Deyrup MA, Epsky ND. Cubeb Oil Lures: Terpenoid Emissions, Trapping Efficacy, and Longevity for Attraction of Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:350-361. [PMID: 26470139 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tou023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is an exotic wood borer and the primary vector of Raffaelea lauricola, a symbiotic fungus that causes laurel wilt. This lethal disease has decimated native redbay [Persea borbonia (L.) Sprengel] and swampbay [Persea palustris (Rafinesque) Sargent] throughout southeastern U.S. forests, and currently threatens avocado (Persea americana Miller) in Florida. To curtail the spread of laurel wilt, effective attractants are needed for early detection of the vector. Phoebe oil lures were the best known attractant for X. glabratus, but they are no longer available. The current detection system uses manuka oil lures, but previous research indicated that manuka lures have a short field life in Florida. Recently, cubeb oil was identified as a new attractant for X. glabratus, and cubeb bubble lures are now available commercially. This study compared trapping efficacy and field longevity of cubeb and manuka lures with phoebe lures that had been in storage since 2010 over a 12-wk period in south Florida. In addition, terpenoid emissions were quantified from cubeb and manuka lures aged outdoors for 12 wk. Captures were comparable with all three lures for 3 wk, but by 4 wk, captures with manuka were significantly less. Equivalent captures were obtained with cubeb and phoebe lures for 7 wk, but captures with cubeb were significantly greater from 8 to 12 wk. Our results indicate that cubeb bubble lures are the most effective tool currently available for detection of X. glabratus, with a field life of 3 months due to extended low release of attractive sesquiterpenes, primarily α-copaene and α-cubebene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Kendra
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158.
| | - Jerome Niogret
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158. Present address: Niogret Ecology Consulting LLC, 2980 SW 25th St., Miami, FL 33133
| | - Wayne S Montgomery
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158
| | - Mark A Deyrup
- Archbold Biological Station, P. O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862
| | - Nancy D Epsky
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158
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Kendra PE, Montgomery WS, Niogret J, Pruett GE, Mayfield AE, MacKenzie M, Deyrup MA, Bauchan GR, Ploetz RC, Epsky ND. North American Lauraceae: terpenoid emissions, relative attraction and boring preferences of redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e102086. [PMID: 25007073 PMCID: PMC4090202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasive redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is the primary vector of Raffaelea lauricola, a symbiotic fungus and the etiologic agent of laurel wilt. This lethal disease has caused severe mortality of redbay (Persea borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris) trees in the southeastern USA, threatens avocado (P. americana) production in Florida, and has potential to impact additional New World species. To date, all North American hosts of X. glabratus and suscepts of laurel wilt are members of the family Lauraceae. This comparative study combined field tests and laboratory bioassays to evaluate attraction and boring preferences of female X. glabratus using freshly-cut bolts from nine species of Lauraceae: avocado (one cultivar of each botanical race), redbay, swampbay, silkbay (Persea humilis), California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), northern spicebush (Lindera benzoin), camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora), and lancewood (Nectandra coriacea). In addition, volatile collections and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were conducted to quantify terpenoid emissions from test bolts, and electroantennography (EAG) was performed to measure olfactory responses of X. glabratus to terpenoids identified by GC-MS. Significant differences were observed among treatments in both field and laboratory tests. Silkbay and camphor tree attracted the highest numbers of the beetle in the field, and lancewood and spicebush the lowest, whereas boring activity was greatest on silkbay, bay laurel, swampbay, and redbay, and lowest on lancewood, spicebush, and camphor tree. The Guatemalan cultivar of avocado was more attractive than those of the other races, but boring response among the three was equivalent. The results suggest that camphor tree may contain a chemical deterrent to boring, and that different cues are associated with host location and host acceptance. Emissions of α-cubebene, α-copaene, α-humulene, and calamenene were positively correlated with attraction, and EAG analyses confirmed chemoreception of terpenoids by antennal receptors of X. glabratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Kendra
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Wayne S. Montgomery
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jerome Niogret
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Grechen E. Pruett
- Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida, United States of America
| | - Albert E. Mayfield
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martin MacKenzie
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Stanislaus National Forest, Sonora, California, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Deyrup
- Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area Research Center, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Randy C. Ploetz
- University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nancy D. Epsky
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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