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Jiang Z, Yao X, Lan W, Ma W, Yao X, Fang T. Association of HDL and LDL levels with osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:439. [PMID: 39210479 PMCID: PMC11360834 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-02013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A correlation exists between lipids and osteoporosis (OP), as well as between lipids and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, lipids, the relationship between RA and OP is still unclear. This study mainly investigates the relationship between lipid levels and OP risk in RA patients. METHODS Retrospective collection of RA patient data from July 2017 to May 2022, encompassing baseline demographics, treatment regimens, laboratory results, and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. Analyses, stratified by BMD subgroups, were conducted using propensity score matching (PSM) based on age, sex, and baseline duration, and binary logistic regression to examine the interplay between lipoprotein levels and other risk factors. The relationship between continuous variables and OP risk was assessed using restricted cubic spline (RCS), followed by a reanalysis of the correlation between varying lipoprotein levels and different factors, segmented according to RCS-determined cutoffs. RESULTS The study included 2673 RA patients. Binary logistic regression revealed significant associations between high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and RA-OP (p < 0.01). Specifically, HDL emerged as a protective factor against OP (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.250-0.629; p < 0.001), whereas LDL was identified as a risk factor (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.290-1.890; p < 0.001). Furthermore, HDL (RCS cutoff point 1.28 mmol/L) showed a negative, linear correlation with RA-related OP, while LDL (RCS cutoff point 2.63 mmol/L) demonstrated a positive, linear correlation. CONCLUSIONS The levels of HDL and LDL may be indicators of OP occurrence in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Jiang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xiaoling Yao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Weiya Lan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Wukai Ma
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Xueming Yao
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Tang Fang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, China.
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Leierer J, Salib M, Evgeniou M, Rossignol P, Massy ZA, Kratochwill K, Mayer G, Fellström B, Girerd N, Zannad F, Perco P. Identification of endophenotypes supporting outcome prediction in hemodialysis patients based on mechanistic markers of statin treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30709. [PMID: 38765135 PMCID: PMC11098839 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Statins are widely used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis have significantly increased risk of developing CVD. Statin treatment in these patients however did not show a statistically significant benefit in large trials on a patient cohort level. Methods We generated gene expression profiles for statins to investigate the impact on cellular programs in human renal proximal tubular cells and mesangial cells in-vitro. We subsequently selected biomarkers from key statin-affected molecular pathways and assessed these biomarkers in plasma samples from the AURORA cohort, a double-blind, randomized, multi-center study of patients on hemodialysis or hemofiltration that have been treated with rosuvastatin. Patient clusters (phenotypes) were created based on the identified biomarkers using Latent Class Model clustering and the associations with outcome for the generated phenotypes were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The multivariable models were adjusted for clinical and biological covariates based on previously published data in AURORA. Results The impact of statin treatment on mesangial cells was larger as compared with tubular cells with a large overlap of differentially expressed genes identified for atorvastatin and rosuvastatin indicating a predominant drug class effect. Affected molecular pathways included TGFB-, TNF-, and MAPK-signaling and focal adhesion among others. Four patient clusters were identified based on the baseline plasma concentrations of the eight biomarkers. Phenotype 1 was characterized by low to medium levels of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and high levels of interleukin 6 (IL6) or matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and it was significantly associated with outcome showing increased risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or cardiovascular death. Phenotype 2 had high HGF but low Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS) levels and it was associated with significantly better outcome at 1 year. Conclusions In this translational study, we identified patient subgroups based on mechanistic markers of statin therapy that are associated with disease outcome in patients on hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Leierer
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Madonna Salib
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Michail Evgeniou
- Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
- Medical Specialties and Nephrology departments, Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Ziad A. Massy
- Association pour l'Utilisation du Rein Artificiel (AURA) Paris and Department of Nephrology, CHU Ambroise Paré, APHP, 92104, Boulogne Billancourt, and Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Saclay, University Versailles-Saint Quentin, Inserm UMRS, 1018, Clinical Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Klaus Kratochwill
- Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Mayer
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bengt Fellström
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Paul Perco
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Innsbruck, Austria
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Potra Cicalău GI, Ciavoi G, Scrobotă I, Marcu AO, Romanul I, Marian E, Vicaș LG, Ganea M. Assessing the Antioxidant Benefits of Topical Carvacrol and Magnolol Periodontal Hydrogel Therapy in Periodontitis Associated with Diabetes in Wistar Rats. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:284. [PMID: 38132422 PMCID: PMC10742747 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that oxidative stress contributes to chronic stress-induced cytotoxicity, which is a major factor in the progression of many diseases, including periodontitis and diabetes. Formulas based on natural extracts with antioxidant properties are alternative treatment perspectives in the management of such diseases. The aim of our study was to assess how carvacrol and magnolol influence periodontitis associated with diabetes in Wistar rats. Ninety Wistar rats were distributed in nine groups: I-control group; II-diabetes group (D); III-periodontitis group (P); IV-periodontitis and diabetes group (PD); V-periodontitis and diabetes with vehicle alone (PDV); VI-periodontitis and diabetes treated with carvacrol (PDC); VII-periodontitis and diabetes treated with magnolol (PDM); VIII-periodontitis and diabetes treated with carvacrol and magnolol (PDCM); IX-healthy group with vehicle alone (CV). Blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase activity levels (CAT) were measured as indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity, respectively. Where diabetes and periodontitis were induced, MDA was augmented and CAT was depleted significantly. Whether given alone (PDM) or in combination with carvacrol (PDCM), magnolol significantly decreased MDA. Between the PDM group and the PDCM group, there were no notable differences. In Wistar rats with periodontitis related to diabetes, topical use of hydrogels containing magnolol, either alone or in combination with carvacrol, may reduce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Ioana Potra Cicalău
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (G.I.P.C.); (G.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Gabriela Ciavoi
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (G.I.P.C.); (G.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Ioana Scrobotă
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (G.I.P.C.); (G.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Andreea Olivia Marcu
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ioana Romanul
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (G.I.P.C.); (G.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Eleonora Marian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (E.M.); (L.G.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Laura Grațiela Vicaș
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (E.M.); (L.G.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariana Ganea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (E.M.); (L.G.V.); (M.G.)
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Souza TB, Baptista RR. Aerobic exercise 3 times per week in adult rats did not influence the progression of periodontal disease. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1238500. [PMID: 37936877 PMCID: PMC10626447 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1238500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical exercise has proven efficacy in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, and its anti-inflammatory effect has been evaluated as a potential preventive factor in the progression of periodontal disease, in addition to improving physiological parameters. Methods To test this hypothesis regarding its preventive factor, we evaluated the effects of aerobic training on the progression of periodontal disease in 8-month-old Wistar rats (n = 44). The animals underwent a swimming protocol lasting six weeks, with periodontal disease induced by ligature in the fifth week, totaling fourteen days of ligature placement. Anthropometric parameters were measured for subsequent calculations of BMI and Lee's Index. Interleukin-1β testing was performed to measure serum inflammatory parameters, and alveolar bone loss was measured using images to calculate the area of loss. Results The trained animals showed no significant differences compared to the non-trained animals in terms of anthropometric measures. Regarding the area of bone loss, although there were significant differences between the groups with and without periodontal disease, exercise did not demonstrate an impact on rats with the disease. IL-1β analysis did not detect any measurable values in the samples in either group. Discussion These findings indicate that the applied exercise protocol was not sufficient to attenuate the progression of periodontal disease. This study did not find an effective impact of physical exercise on the analyzed parameters; however, the results are important in highlighting that the experimental animal model for inducing periodontal disease is efficient, which may encourage further investigations to determine factors that can attenuate its progression. Similarly, the application or development of new exercise protocols that can benefit and enrich the discussion on its positive effects in this disease is important, as there is already evidence suggesting an effective relationship between exercise and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Borges Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Reimann Baptista
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Viglianisi G, Tartaglia GM, Santonocito S, Amato M, Polizzi A, Mascitti M, Isola G. The Emerging Role of Salivary Oxidative Stress Biomarkers as Prognostic Markers of Periodontitis: New Insights for a Personalized Approach in Dentistry. J Pers Med 2023; 13:166. [PMID: 36836401 PMCID: PMC9964692 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial and infective oral disease that leads to the destruction of periodontal tissues and tooth loss. Although the treatment of periodontitis has improved recently, the effective treatment of periodontitis and the periodontitis-affected periodontal tissues is still a challenge. Therefore, exploring new therapeutic strategies for a personalized approach is urgent. For this reason, the aim of this study is to summarize recent advances and the potential of oxidative stress biomarkers in the early diagnosis and personalized therapeutic approaches in periodontitis. Recently, ROS metabolisms (ROMs) have been studied in the physiopathology of periodontitis. Different studies show that ROS plays a crucial role in periodontitis. In this regard, the reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) started to be searched for the measures of the oxidizing capacity of the plasma understood as the total content of oxygen free radicals (ROS). The oxidizing capacity of plasma is a significant indicator of the body's oxidant state as well as homocysteine (Hcy), sulfur amino acid, which has pro-oxidant effects as it favors the production of superoxide anion. More specifically, the thioredoxin (TRX) and peroxiredoxin (PRX) systems control reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydroxyl species, to transduce redox signals and change the activities of antioxidant enzymes to remove free radicals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), among other antioxidant enzymes, change their activity when ROS are produced in order to neutralize free radicals. The TRX system is triggered and transduces redox signals to do this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Section of Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Amato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
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The Impact of Atorvastatin on RANKL Expression in Rats during the Retention Stage after Orthodontic Tooth Movement. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7416572. [PMID: 35872950 PMCID: PMC9303130 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7416572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To probe into the impact of atorvastatin on RANKL expression in rats during the retention stage after orthodontic tooth movement and its associated molecular mechanisms. Methods After establishing an orthodontic tooth movement model, the left teeth of the retention-stage rats were the maintained side, and the right teeth were the nonmaintained side, which were given physiological saline or atorvastatin dosing at 7d, 14d, and 21d, respectively, by tube feeding, in order to keep the rats as a control group at the beginning of the retention stage. A model of the rat's upper jaw gypsum in each group was made at various time points to measure the distance at which the teeth relapsed. The pathological slices of the upper jaw arch were taken separately for TRAP staining observation. Results Compared to the physiological saline group, the recurrence distance of rats in the atorvastatin group was visually lower (p < 0.05), and the number of bone-breaking cells was signally lower (p < 0.05); P-5b, PTH, VitD3, GC, IL-1, and IL-17 expressions (p < 0.05) were visually decreased, while IL-11 expression was elevated (p < 0.05). Conclusion The atorvastatin given to rats during the retention stage after orthodontic tooth movement inhibits RANKL expression and may function through OPG/RANKL/RANK system.
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Targeting Nrf2 with Probiotics and Postbiotics in the Treatment of Periodontitis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050729. [PMID: 35625655 PMCID: PMC9139160 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a destructive disease of the tooth-surrounding tissues. Infection is the etiological cause of the disease, but its extent and severity depend on the immune–inflammatory response of the host. Immune cells use reactive oxygen species to suppress infections, and there is homeostasis between oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms during periodontal health. During periodontitis, however, increased oxidative stress triggers tissue damage, either directly by activating apoptosis and DNA damage or indirectly by activating proteolytic cascades. Periodontal treatment aims to maintain an infection and inflammation-free zone and, in some cases, regenerate lost tissues. Although mechanical disruption of the oral biofilm is an indispensable part of periodontal treatment, adjunctive measures, such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications, are also frequently used, especially in patients with suppressed immune responses. Recent studies have shown that probiotics activate antioxidant mechanisms and can suppress extensive oxidative stress via their ability to activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The aim of this narrative review is to describe the essential role of Nrf2 in the maintenance of periodontal health and to propose possible mechanisms to restore the impaired Nrf2 response in periodontitis, with the aid of probiotic and postbiotics.
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Effects of Statins on Renin-Angiotensin System. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8070080. [PMID: 34357323 PMCID: PMC8305238 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8070080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, a class of drugs for lowering serum LDL-cholesterol, have attracted attention because of their wide range of pleiotropic effects. An important but often neglected effect of statins is their role in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) pathway. This pathway plays an integral role in the progression of several diseases including hypertension, heart failure, and renal disease. In this paper, the role of statins in the blockade of different components of this pathway and the underlying mechanisms are reviewed and new therapeutic possibilities of statins are suggested.
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de Carvalho RDP, Côrrea Viana Casarin R, Lima POD, Cogo-Müller K. STATINSWITH POTENTIAL TO CONTROL PERIODONTITIS: FROM BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS TO CLINICAL STUDIES. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:232-244. [PMID: 34146687 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are widely used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. However, these drugs have pleiotropic effects that can be promising for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, such as periodontitis. HIGHLIGHT This review aimed to identify preclinical, observational, and clinical studies that evaluate the effects and biological mechanisms of statins on oral cells and tissues and those using these drugs to treat periodontitis. A LITERATURE SURVEY HAS BEEN CONDUCTED IN PUBMED USING COMBINATIONS OF THE UNITERMS: "statins," "dentistry," "periodontal disease," and "periodontal treatment." In vitro findings showed positive statin results in cell lines related to alveolar bone metabolism by altering the signaling pathway Osteoprotegerin/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (OPG/RANK/RANKL), stimulating the production of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, and reducing the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Animal studies have shown a reduction in alveolar bone loss and osteoclastic activity, in addition to a reduction in inflammatory markers, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, when statins were used prophylactically. Clinical trials showed a positive impact on clinical parameters, leading to a higher reduction in probing depth and gain in clinical attachment when a local statin was adjunctively associated with mechanical therapy. CONCLUSION Statins were shown to be promising for regenerating and stimulating bone activity, with great potential for treating chronic periodontitis. However, further studies are required to confirm its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karina Cogo-Müller
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Valencia DY, Habila M, McClelland DJ, Degarege A, Madhivanan P, Krupp K. Infection-associated biofilms and statins: protocol for systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046290. [PMID: 34035102 PMCID: PMC8154974 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to their propensity for being associated with infections, biofilms have become a focus in infectious disease research. There is evidence suggesting that statins, which are commonly used for prevention of cardiovascular disease, may prevent biofilm-associated infections, but this association has not been well-understood. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This systematic review protocol will include six database searches from their inception to 20 August 2020. A medical librarian will conduct the searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS and CENTRAL, without any limits. Bibliographies of selected articles, previously published reviews and high-yield journals that publish on statins and/or biofilms will be searched to identify additional articles. The screening and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers using DistillerSR. All included papers will also be evaluated for quality using Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool, and we will examine for publication bias. If there are two or more studies with quantitative estimates that can be combined, we will conduct a meta-analysis after assessing for heterogeneity. We will report all findings according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Analyses-P framework. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION There are conflicting results on the effect of statins on biofilm-associated infections. The rise of antibiotic resistance in medical settings warrants a deeper understanding of this association, especially if statins can be used as a novel antibiotic. The findings of this review will assess the association between statin use and biofilm-associated infection to inform future medical practice. No formal ethical review is required for this protocol. All findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020193985.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Yesenia Valencia
- Clinical Translational Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Magdiel Habila
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - D Jean McClelland
- Health Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Science Library, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Abraham Degarege
- Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Purnima Madhivanan
- Health Promotion Sciences, The University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Karl Krupp
- Health Promotion Sciences, The University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Iova GM, Calniceanu H, Popa A, Szuhanek CA, Marcu O, Ciavoi G, Scrobota I. The Antioxidant Effect of Curcumin and Rutin on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Experimentally Induced Periodontitis in Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051332. [PMID: 33801378 PMCID: PMC7958623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a growing interest in the correlation between antioxidants and periodontal disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of oxidative stress and the impact of two antioxidants, curcumin and rutin, respectively, in the etiopathology of experimentally induced periodontitis in diabetic rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups and were induced with diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: (1) (CONTROL)—control group, (2) (DPP)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, (3) (DPC)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with curcumin (C), (4) (DPR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with rutin (R) and (5) (DPCR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with C and R. We evaluated malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress and reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG and catalase (CAT) as biomarkers of the antioxidant capacity in blood harvested from the animals we tested. The MDA levels and CAT activities were also evaluated in the gingival tissue. Results: The control group effect was statistically significantly different from any other groups, regardless of whether or not the treatment was applied. There was also a significant difference between the untreated group and the three treatment groups for variables MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT. There was no significant difference in the mean effect for the MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT variables in the treated groups of rats with curcumin, rutin and the combination of curcumin and rutin. Conclusions: The oral administration of curcumin and rutin, single or combined, could reduce the oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant status in hyperglycemic periodontitis rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda M. Iova
- Dental Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania; (G.M.I.); (G.C.); (I.S.)
| | - Horia Calniceanu
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Periodontal and Periimplant Diseases Research Center “Prof. Dr. Anton Sculean”, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (A.P.); Tel.: +40-745-322-649 (H.C.); +40-751-119-437 (A.P.)
| | - Adelina Popa
- Department of Orthodontics, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Orthodontic Research Center (ORTHO-CENTER), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (A.P.); Tel.: +40-745-322-649 (H.C.); +40-751-119-437 (A.P.)
| | - Camelia A. Szuhanek
- Department of Orthodontics, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Orthodontic Research Center (ORTHO-CENTER), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Olivia Marcu
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Ciavoi
- Dental Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania; (G.M.I.); (G.C.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioana Scrobota
- Dental Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania; (G.M.I.); (G.C.); (I.S.)
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12
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Chen X, Li J, Zhang Z, Yu H. Effects of statins on cytokines levels in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva and on clinical periodontal parameters of middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244806. [PMID: 33417619 PMCID: PMC7793287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the effect of statins on cytokines levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva and on clinical periodontal parameters of middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Systemically healthy controls (C group, n = 62), T2DM patients not taking statins (D group, n = 57) and T2DM patients taking statins (S group, n = 24) were recruited. In each group, subjects (40–85 years) were subclassified into the h (periodontal health)group, the g (gingivitis)group or the p (periodontitis) group according to different periodontal conditions. 17 cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva samples of each subject were measured utilizing the Luminex technology kit. Further, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin), FPG (fasting plasma glucose), PD (probing depth), CAL (clinical attachment level), BOP (bleeding on probing), GI (gingival index) and PI (periodontal index) were recorded. Data distribution was tested through the Shapiro-Wilk test, upon which the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied followed by Mann-Whitney U test and Bonferroni’s correction. Results Levels of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 in the saliva of the Dh group were significantly lower than those in the Ch group, while factor IL-4 was higher (p<0.05). Levels of MIP-3α, IL-7 and IL-2 in GCF of the Dh group were considerably higher than those in the Ch group (p<0.05), while that of IL-23 was considerably lower. Compared with the Cg group, levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 were significantly lower in the saliva of the Dg group (p<0.05). Lower levels of IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-10 were detected in the Sg group than those in the Cg group (p<0.05). At the same time, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-13, IL-17, IL-21 and MIP-3α in the gingival crevicular fluid of the Sg group were lower in comparison with the Dg group. In addition, lower levels of IL-4 and higher levels of IL-7 in GCF were identified in the Dg group than those in the Cg group, while in the Sg group, lower levels of IL-4, MIP-1αand MIP-3αwere observed than those in the Cg group (p<0.05). Lower levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and I-TAC were found in the Sp group compared with those in the Cp group. The IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were lower in the Dp group than those in the Cp group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, in the Sp group, lower levels of pro-inflammatory factors IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-21 and TNF-α, in addition to higher levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-5 in gingival crevicular fluid, were identified than those in the Dp group. Higher levels of IFN-γ,IL-1β,IL-2,IL-7,IL-21 and TNF-α and a lower level of IL-5 in the Dp group were identified than those in the Cp group (p<0.05). Moreover, statins were able to substantially reduce PD in T2DM patients with periodontitis, indicating an obvious influence on the levels of cytokines secreted by Th1 cells, Th2 cells and Th17 cells, as revealed by PCA (principal component analysis). Conclusion Statins are associated with reduced PD and cytokines levels in the GCF and saliva of T2DM patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yameng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juhong Li
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Alves EHP, Carvalho ADS, Silva FRP, Carvalho França LF, Di Lenardo D, Vasconcelos ACCG, Nascimento HMS, Ribeiro Lopes VL, Oliveira JS, Vasconcelos DFP. Bromelain reduces the non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and periodontal damages caused by ligature‐induced periodontitis. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1793-1802. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Even Herlany Pereira Alves
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHis) Federal University of Parnaiba Delta (UFDPar) Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - André dos Santos Carvalho
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHis) Federal University of Parnaiba Delta (UFDPar) Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Felipe Carvalho França
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHis) Federal University of Parnaiba Delta (UFDPar) Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - David Di Lenardo
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHis) Federal University of Parnaiba Delta (UFDPar) Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | | | - Hélio Mateus Silva Nascimento
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHis) Federal University of Parnaiba Delta (UFDPar) Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - Víctor Lucas Ribeiro Lopes
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHis) Federal University of Parnaiba Delta (UFDPar) Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - Jefferson Soares Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biology of Microorganism and Plants (BIOMIC) Federal University of Parnaiba Delta (UFDPar) Parnaíba PI Brazil
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Devasani K, Kaul R, Majumdar A. Supplementation of pyrroloquinoline quinone with atorvastatin augments mitochondrial biogenesis and attenuates low grade inflammation in obese rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173273. [PMID: 32535101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and Inflammation play a significant role in the manifestation of the co-morbidities of obesity. The study deciphered the impact of Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) per se and with Atorvastatin (ATS) on high fat, 10% fructose diet (HFFD) induced obese rats expressing low-grade inflammation, dyslipidemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction. HFFD was fed for 10 weeks followed by treatment for 5 weeks with ATS 10 or 20 mg/kg, PQQ 10 or 20 mg/kg, p.o. per se or their combinations. The impact on blood glucose, lipid profile and serum insulin, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 was estimated. Gene and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC 1α), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (TFAM) and augmented mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), NOD like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and Caspase 1 was assessed. Rats receiving PQQ and ATS revealed significant decrease in body weights, anthropometric parameter, and adipose tissue vis-à-vis positive control. PQQ alone and with ATS improved glucose tolerance, lipid profile, insulin indices and lowered serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 along with a rise in adiponectin. PQQ supplementation with ATS upregulated the mRNA expression of PGC 1α, SIRT1, TFAM and augmented mtDNA while downregulating inflammatory markers NLRP3 and Caspase 1. PQQ supplementation with atorvastatin holds therapeutic promise to effectively combat mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Devasani
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), 400098, Mumbai, India.
| | - Rachna Kaul
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), 400098, Mumbai, India.
| | - Anuradha Majumdar
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), 400098, Mumbai, India.
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15
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Solmaz V, Atasoy Ö, Erbaş O. Atorvastatin has therapeutic potential for the fatty liver-induced memory dysfunction in rats, likely via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Neurol Res 2020; 42:497-503. [PMID: 32252617 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1747718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the memory function in a rat model of fatty liver and to investigate the effects of statins on fatty liver, neuronal inflammation, oxidative stress and memory. In this study, 24 male rats were used and were divided into four groups consisting of 6 animals in each. Of them, 12 rats received liquid diet containing 35% fructose for 8 weeks in order to induce hepatosteatosis, while other animals had a normal nutrition. Group 1 served as controls and had a normal nutrition with no drug treatment. The animals in Group 2 had a normal nutrition and treated with atorvastatin. Group 3 received high-fructose diet with no drug treatment and Group 4 received high-fructose diet followed by atorvastatin treatment. After the two weeks of treatment period, passive avoidance tasks evaluating the memory were performed in both the study and control groups. The liver and brain were then removed for histologic, pathologic, and biochemical evaluation. In the non-treated rats with hepatosteatosis (Group 3), the lowest mean latency time and the highest mean histopathologic liver score, and brain TNF- α and MDA (Measurement of lipid peroxidation) were found (p < 0.00001). On the other hand, in the animals treated with atorvastatin, all these parameters were significantly higher than that of controls and significantly lower than that of Group 3 (p < 0.05). Fatty liver can increase inflammation and cause memory disorders, and atorvastatin may have a positive effect on cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Özüm Atasoy
- Radyasyon Onkolojisi, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Eğitim Ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Bilim University Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey
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16
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Effect of statins on orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review of animal and clinical studies. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 111:104665. [PMID: 31951846 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to systematically-review the effect of statin drugs on orthodontic-tooth-movement (OTM). DESIGN The focused-question was "Does statin therapy affect OTM?" PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched without time and language restrictions using different key words. Studies assessing the effect of adjunctive statin administration on OTM compared with orthodontic treatment alone were included. The search was performed up to and including December 2018. Data regarding the study design/grouping, subjects, age/gender, duration of follow-up, outcome variables and parameters related to OTM and statins administration were evaluated. RESULTS Nine studies (1 clinical and 8 studies performed in animal-models) were included. Six studies used Simvastatin, whereas three studies used Atorvastatin. Six experimental studies and one clinical study reported reduction in OTM upon statin administration. Two experimental studies reported no effect of statin administration on OTM. In 90 % of the studies, the risk-of-bias was high. CONCLUSION Based upon the high risk-of-bias and methodological inconsistencies among the included studies, the influence of statin delivery on OTM remains debatable.
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Kocaman G, Altinoz E, Erdemli ME, Gul M, Erdemli Z, Gul S, Bag HG. Protective effects of crocin on biochemistry and histopathology of experimental periodontitis in rats. Biotech Histochem 2019; 94:366-373. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1571229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Kocaman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - E. Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - M. E. Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - M. Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Z. Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - S. Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - H. G. Bag
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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18
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Contribution of Statins towards Periodontal Treatment: A Review. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6367402. [PMID: 30936777 PMCID: PMC6415285 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6367402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic effects of statins have been evaluated to assess their potential benefit in the treatment of various inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases including periodontitis. Herein, the adjunctive use of statins in periodontal therapy in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials was reviewed. Statins act through several pathways to modulate inflammation, immune response, bone metabolism, and bacterial clearance. They control periodontal inflammation through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and promotion of anti-inflammatory and/or proresolution molecule release, mainly, through the ERK, MAPK, PI3-Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, they are able to modulate the host response activated by bacterial challenge, to prevent inflammation-mediated bone resorption and to promote bone formation. Furthermore, they reduce bacterial growth, disrupt bacterial membrane stability, and increase bacterial clearance, thus averting the exacerbation of infection. Local statin delivery as adjunct to both nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapies results in better periodontal treatment outcomes compared to systemic delivery. Moreover, combination of statin therapy with other regenerative agents improves periodontal healing response. Therefore, statins could be proposed as a potential adjuvant to periodontal therapy. However, optimization of the combination of their dose, type, and carrier could be instrumental in achieving the best treatment response.
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Bertl K, Parllaku A, Pandis N, Buhlin K, Klinge B, Stavropoulos A. The effect of local and systemic statin use as an adjunct to non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2018; 67:18-28. [PMID: 28855141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of local and/or systemic statin use as an adjunct to non-surgical and/or surgical periodontal therapy. DATA Literature search according to PRISMA guidelines with the following eligibility criteria: (a) English or German language; (b) interventional studies; (c) statins as monotherapy or as an adjunct to non-surgical and/or surgical treatment of periodontitis; (d) clinical and/or radiographic treatment effect size of statin intake reported. SOURCES Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), CENTRAL (Ovid). STUDY SELECTION Thirteen clinical studies regarding local application and 2 with systemic administration of statins as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment (SRP) and 4 studies regarding intrasurgical statin application with a maximum follow-up of 9 months could be included; simvastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin were used. Local but not systemic statin application as an adjunct to SRP yielded significantly larger probing pocket depth (PD), radiographic defect depth (RDD), and bleeding index reduction, and larger clinical attachment level gain, and less residual PD and RDD (p≤0.016); rosuvastatin appeared as the most efficacious. Three of 4 studies reported a significant positive effect of intrasurgical statin application. No adverse events were reported after statin use. The vast majority of the included studies were from the same research group. CONCLUSIONS Significant additional clinical and radiographic improvements are obtained after local, but not systemic, statin use as an adjunct to SRP in deep pockets associated with intrabony defects and seemingly with furcation defects; intrasurgical statin application seems similarly beneficial. Confirmation of these results, and especially of the effect size, from other research groups is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bertl
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Sweden; Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Arlinda Parllaku
- Private Practice, Tirana, Albania; Postgraduate Course Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Nikolaos Pandis
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Björn Klinge
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Sweden.
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20
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Atorvastatin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and arrests tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:872-882. [PMID: 29853245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In addition to their cholesterol-lowering effects, the statin class of drugs appears to enhance osteogenesis and suppress bone resorption, which could be a clinical concern during orthodontic treatment. In this animal study, we aimed to determine whether atorvastatin (ATV) affects orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) through osteoclast inhibition. Furthermore, we analyzed the potential adverse effects of ATV on long-bone turnover and endochondral ossification. METHODS Rats were administered ATV (15 mg/kg) or saline solution via gavage (n = 12 animals/group), starting 2 weeks before initial OTM. Tooth displacement was measured after 7, 14, and 21 days. Histologic sections of the maxilla and femur were obtained after 14 and 21 days of OTM and stained (hematoxylin and eosin; TRAP assay) for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS ATV was associated with significant (P <0.05) reductions in OTM and osteoclast counts. Independently of drug administration, OTM increased the number of osteoclasts and reduced the bone-volume ratio compared with the control maxillae without OTM. Long-term statin administration did not appear to affect femoral endochondral ossification. CONCLUSIONS This experimental study showed that the long-term use of ATV can significantly promote osteoclast inhibition and slow the OTM in the first week in rats. Under physiologic conditions, the drug did not affect bone turnover and endochondral ossification.
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Özdem M, Kırzıoğlu FY, Yılmaz HR, Vural H, Fentoğlu Ö, Uz E, Koçak A, Yiğit A. Antioxidant effects of melatonin in heart tissue after induction of experimental periodontitis in rats. J Oral Sci 2018; 59:23-29. [PMID: 28367898 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin on the oxidative stress in heart tissues after induction of experimental periodontitis in rats. Thirty Wistar Albino male rats were divided into four groups as follows: healthy + saline solution (Hs, n = 7), healthy + melatonin (Hm, n = 7), periodontitis + saline solution (Ps, n = 8), and periodontitis + melatonin (Pm, n = 8). Experimental periodontitis was induced using a ligature placed at the gingival margin of the maxillary second molars. Melatonin was applied intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg) every day for 2 weeks. After sacrificing the rats, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels, and melatonin levels were evaluated. The Pm group exhibited lower alveolar bone loss than the Ps group. Melatonin levels increased in the periodontitis groups, and the Pm group had lower MDA levels and higher GSH-Px levels than the Ps group. These findings suggest that melatonin administration reduces MDA and increases GSH-Px levels in heart tissue, and these effects may be due to its antioxidant properties. Further studies are needed to understand the effects of melatonin on the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsin Özdem
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University
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22
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Tóthová L, Celec P. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Periodontitis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1055. [PMID: 29311982 PMCID: PMC5735291 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. However, large interventional studies with antioxidants failed to show benefits in the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, or diabetes mellitus. Numerous clinical studies have confirmed the association of oxidative stress markers and periodontitis. Technical and biological variability is high for most of the analyzed markers and none of them seems to be optimal for routine clinical use. In a research setting, analysis of a palette of oxidative stress markers is needed to cover lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and the antioxidant status. The source of reactive oxygen species and their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remains unclear. Interventional experiments indicate that oxidative stress might be more than just a simple consequence of the inflammation. Small studies have confirmed that some antioxidants could have therapeutic value at least as an addition to the standard non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. A clear evidence for the efficiency of antioxidant treatment in large patient cohorts is lacking. Potentially, because lowering of oxidative stress markers might be a secondary effect of anti-inflammatory or antibacterial agents. As the field of research of oxidative stress in periodontitis gains attraction and the number of relevant published papers is increasing a systematic overview of the conducted observational and interventional studies is needed. This review summarizes the currently available literature linking oxidative stress and periodontitis and points toward the potential of adjuvant antioxidant treatment, especially in cases where standard treatment fails to improve the periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- L'ubomíra Tóthová
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Bertl K, Steiner I, Pandis N, Buhlin K, Klinge B, Stavropoulos A. Statins in nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical in vivo trials. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:267-287. [PMID: 29211309 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol-lowering drugs, statins, possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and pro-osteogenic properties, and thus have been tested as an adjunct to periodontal treatment. The present systematic review aimed to answer the following focused research question: What is the effect of local and/or systemic statin use on periodontal tissues in preclinical in vivo studies of experimentally induced periodontitis (EIP) and/or acute/chronified periodontal defect (ACP) models? A literature search (of Medline/PubMed, Embase/Ovid, CENTRAL/Ovid) using the following main eligibility criteria was performed: (i) English or German language; (ii) controlled preclinical in vivo trials; (iii) local and/or systemic statin use in EIP and/or ACP models; and (iv) quantitative evaluation of periodontal tissues (i.e., alveolar bone level/amount, attachment level, cementum formation, periodontal ligament formation). Sixteen studies in EIP models and 7 studies in ACP models evaluated simvastatin, atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. Thirteen of the EIP (81%) and 2 of the ACP (29%) studies presented significantly better results in terms of alveolar bone level/amount in favor of statins. Meta-analysis based on 14 EIP trials confirmed a significant benefit of local and systemic statin use (P < .001) in terms of alveolar bone level/amount; meta-regression revealed that statin type exhibited a significant effect (P = .014) in favor of atorvastatin. Three studies reported a significantly higher periodontal attachment level in favor of statin use (P < .001). Complete periodontal regeneration was never observed; furthermore, statins did not exert any apparent effect on cementum formation. Neither local nor systemic use of statins resulted in severe adverse effects. Statin use in periodontal indications has a positive effect on periodontal tissue parameters, supporting the positive results already observed in clinical trials. Nevertheless, not all statins available have been tested so far, and further research is needed to identify the maximum effective concentration/dose and optimal carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bertl
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Steiner
- Private Practice, Taiskirchen, Austria.,Postgraduate Course Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Pandis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental School/Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Buhlin
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B Klinge
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
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24
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Kırzıoğlu FY, Özmen Ö, Doğan B, Bulut MT, Fentoğlu Ö, Özdem M. Effects of rosuvastatin on inducible nitric oxide synthase in rats with hyperlipidaemia and periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:258-266. [PMID: 29086411 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide is a free radical that is synthesized from l-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The level of inducible NOS (iNOS) in gingiva with periodontitis is higher than that in healthy gingiva. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rosuvastatin administration on alveolar bone loss (ABL) and iNOS(+) cell counts in gingival tissues in rats with ligature-induced experimental periodontitis with/without hyperlipidaemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The rats were randomly divided into seven groups: Hy (cholesterol-added diet/water administration); HyP (cholesterol-added diet/periodontitis/water administration); HyPR (cholesterol-added diet/periodontitis/rosuvastatin administration); P (standard diet/periodontitis/water administration); PR (standard diet/periodontitis/rosuvastatin administration); C (standard diet/water administration); and R (standard diet/rosuvastatin administration). Experimental periodontitis was induced with silk ligatures, and rosuvastatin/water was administered to rats by oral gavage for the last 2 weeks of the 8-week study. After the rats were killed in week 8, histomorphometric and histological analyses were performed. Immunostained iNOS(+) cells were counted in the gingival samples and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The experimental groups exhibited increases in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, except for Groups C and R. The cholesterol-added diet induced ABL in Group Hy. Of the periodontitis groups, the lowest ABL was found in Group PR. While there was a significant difference in ABL between Groups P (0.82 ± 0.15 mm) and PR (0.70 ± 0.21 mm) receiving a standard diet (P < .05), no difference was observed between Groups HyP (0.77 ± 0.07 mm) and HyPR (0.76 ± 0.11 mm) receiving a cholesterol-added diet (P ˃ .05). Rosuvastatin significantly reduced expression of iNOS in Groups PR (18.40 ± 2.31%) and HyPR (24.00 ± 4.83%) compared with Group P (30.90 ± 2.42%; P < .001). However, a larger number of iNOS(+) cells was found in Group HyPR than in Group PR (P < .001). CONCLUSION Administration of rosuvastatin reduced gingival iNOS expression in ligature-induced periodontitis with/without hyperlipidaemia. It also led to significant differences in ABL in rats with periodontitis, except when periodontitis was associated with hyperlipidaemia. These findings could provide an important contribution in further studies to evaluate the role of rosuvastatin as a host modulatory agent in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Kırzıoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ö Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - B Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - M T Bulut
- Private Elitia Oral and Dental Health Polyclinic, Alanya - Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ö Fentoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - M Özdem
- Private Clinic, Bolu, Turkey
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Cicek Ari V, Ilarslan YD, Erman B, Sarkarati B, Tezcan I, Karabulut E, Oz SG, Tanriover MD, Sengun D, Berker E. Statins and IL-1β, IL-10, and MPO Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: Preliminary Results. Inflammation 2017; 39:1547-57. [PMID: 27290718 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Statins possess a wide variety of pleiotropic properties that are independent of their lipid-lowering abilities such as attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, platelet aggregation and stimulating bone formation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of statins on clinical periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in inflammatory periodontal diseases. Seventy-nine subjects with hyperlipidemia and 48 systemically healthy controls (C) were included. Hyperlipidemic patients were either given a diet (HD) or prescribed statin (HS). Patients were classified into three subgroups as those who were periodontally healthy (h), who had gingivitis (g), or who had chronic periodontitis (p). Blood samples were collected for the measurement of lipid profiles. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and MPO were measured in order to determine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of statins. Probing depth values of the HSp group were significantly lower than those of the Cp group. Percentage of BOP of the HSg group was significantly lower than those of the HDg and Cg groups. While the IL-1β level of the HSp group was significantly lower than that of the HDp group, IL-10 levels of the HSg group were significantly higher than those of the HDg group. MPO levels were significantly lower in the HSg group when compared to those in the HDg and Cg groups. Statin use decreased the IL-1β and MPO levels and enhanced IL-10 in GCF. It can be suggested that statins may attenuate periodontal inflammation and progression of periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuslat Cicek Ari
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, 3rd Floor, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Deniz Ilarslan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, 3rd Floor, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Baran Erman
- Pediatric Immunology Division, Ihsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahram Sarkarati
- Scientific Industrial and Technological Application and Research Center, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Tezcan
- Pediatric Immunology Division, Ihsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdem Karabulut
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serife Gul Oz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mine Durusu Tanriover
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Sengun
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, 3rd Floor, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezel Berker
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, 3rd Floor, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Dolci GS, Portela LV, Onofre de Souza D, Medeiros Fossati AC. Atorvastatin-induced osteoclast inhibition reduces orthodontic relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:528-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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27
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Kırzıoğlu FY, Tözüm Bulut M, Doğan B, Fentoğlu Ö, Özmen Ö, Çarsancaklı SA, Ergün AG, Özdem M, Orhan H. Anti-inflammatory effect of rosuvastatin decreases alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. J Oral Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Y. Kırzıoğlu
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Süleyman Demirel
| | - Memduha Tözüm Bulut
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Süleyman Demirel
| | - Burak Doğan
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Mustafa Kemal
| | - Özlem Fentoğlu
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Süleyman Demirel
| | - Özlem Özmen
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy
| | | | - Ayşe G. Ergün
- Microbiology Department, Konya Numune Training and Research Hospital
| | - Muhsin Özdem
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Abant Izzet Baysal
| | - Hikmet Orhan
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Süleyman Demirel
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28
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Papathanasiou E, Kantarci A, Konstantinidis A, Gao H, Van Dyke TE. SOCS-3 Regulates Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1018-25. [PMID: 27126447 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516645332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The host immune response plays a key role in bacteria-induced alveolar bone resorption. Endogenous control of the magnitude and duration of inflammatory signaling is considered an important determinant of the extent of periodontal pathology. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are inhibitors of cytokine signaling pathways and may play a role in restraining periodontal inflammation. We hypothesized that SOCS-3 regulates alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. Periodontal bone loss was induced in 16-wk-old myeloid-specific SOCS-3-knockout and wild-type (WT) C57Bl6-B.129 mice by oral inoculation 9 times with 10(9) colony-forming units of Porphyromonas gingivalis A7436 through an oral gavage model for periodontitis. Sham controls for both types of mice received vehicle without bacteria. The mice were euthanized 6 wk after the last oral inoculation. Increased bone loss was demonstrated in P. gingivalis-infected SOCS-3-knockout mice as compared with P. gingivalis-infected WT mice by direct morphologic measurements, micro-computed tomography analyses, and quantitative histology. Loss of SOCS-3 function resulted in an increased number of alveolar bone osteoclasts and increased RANKL expression after P. gingivalis infection. SOCS-3 deficiency in myeloid cells also promotes a higher P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response with higher secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and KC (IL-8) by peritoneal macrophages as compared with WT controls. Our data implicate SOCS-3 as a critical negative regulator of alveolar bone loss in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Papathanasiou
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Konstantinidis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - H Gao
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T E Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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29
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Morand DN, Davideau JL, Clauss F, Jessel N, Tenenbaum H, Huck O. Cytokines during periodontal wound healing: potential application for new therapeutic approach. Oral Dis 2016; 23:300-311. [PMID: 26945691 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of periodontal tissues is one of the main goals of periodontal therapy. However, current treatment, including surgical approach, use of membrane to allow maturation of all periodontal tissues, or use of enamel matrix derivatives, presents limitations in their indications and outcomes leading to the development of new tissue engineering strategies. Several cytokines are considered as key molecules during periodontal destruction process. However, their role during each phase of periodontal wound healing remains unclear. Control and modulation of the inflammatory response and especially, release of cytokines or activation/inhibition in a time- and spatial-controlled manner may be a potential perspective for periodontal tissue engineering. The aim of this review was to summarize the specific role of several cytokines during periodontal wound healing and the potential therapeutic interest of inflammatory modulation for periodontal regeneration especially related to the expression sequence of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Morand
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.,Department of periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - J-L Davideau
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.,Department of periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - F Clauss
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.,Department of periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - N Jessel
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - H Tenenbaum
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.,Department of periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - O Huck
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.,Department of periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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30
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Chang MC, Tsai YL, Chang HH, Lee SY, Lee MS, Chang CW, Chan CP, Yeh CY, Cheng RH, Jeng JH. IL-1β-induced MCP-1 expression and secretion of human dental pulp cells is related to TAK1, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 61:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Alfakry H, Malle E, Koyani CN, Pussinen PJ, Sorsa T. Neutrophil proteolytic activation cascades: a possible mechanistic link between chronic periodontitis and coronary heart disease. Innate Immun 2016; 22:85-99. [PMID: 26608308 DOI: 10.1177/1753425915617521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases that affect a large segment of society. Coronary heart disease (CHD), the most common cardiovascular disease, progresses over several years and affects millions of people worldwide. Chronic infections may contribute to the systemic inflammation and enhance the risk for CHD. Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic infections that affects up to 50% of the adult population. Under inflammatory conditions the activation of endogenous degradation pathways mediated by immune responses leads to the release of destructive cellular molecules from both resident and immigrant cells. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their regulators can activate each other and play an important role in immune response via degrading extracellular matrix components and modulating cytokines and chemokines. The action of MMPs is required for immigrant cell recruitment at the site of inflammation. Stimulated neutrophils represent the major pathogen-fighting immune cells that upregulate expression of several proteinases and oxidative enzymes, which can degrade extracellular matrix components (e.g. MMP-8, MMP-9 and neutrophil elastase). The activity of MMPs is regulated by endogenous inhibitors and/or candidate MMPs (e.g. MMP-7). The balance between MMPs and their inhibitors is thought to mirror the proteolytic burden. Thus, neutrophil-derived biomarkers, including myeloperoxidase, may activate proteolytic destructive cascades that are involved in subsequent immune-pathological events associated with both periodontitis and CHD. Here, we review the existing studies on the contribution of MMPs and their regulators to the infection-related pathology. Also, we discuss the possible proteolytic involvement and role of neutrophil-derived enzymes as an etiological link between chronic periodontitis and CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Alfakry
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ernst Malle
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Chintan N Koyani
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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32
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Yang X, Zhang H, Wang J, Zhang Z, Li C. Puerarin decreases bone loss and collagen destruction in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2015; 50:748-57. [PMID: 25645818 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - H. Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
- Department of Periodontology; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; College of Stomatology; Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Z. Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - C. Li
- Department of Periodontology; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
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de Araújo AA, Varela H, Brito GADC, de Medeiros CACX, Araújo LDS, do Nascimento JHO, de Araújo Júnior RF. Azilsartan increases levels of IL-10, down-regulates MMP-2, MMP-9, RANKL/RANK, Cathepsin K and up-regulates OPG in an experimental periodontitis model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96750. [PMID: 24819928 PMCID: PMC4018354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of azilsartan (AZT) on bone loss, inflammation, and the expression of matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), osteoprotegerin (OPG), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cathepsin K in periodontal tissue in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis. Materials and Methods Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 rats each: (1) nonligated, water; (2) ligated, water; (3) ligated, 1 mg/kg AZT; (4) ligated, 5 mg/kg AZT; and (5) ligated, 10 mg/kg AZT. All groups were treated with saline or AZT for 10 days. Periodontal tissues were analyzed by histopathology and immunohistochemical detection of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, RANKL, RANK, OPG, and cathepsin K. Levels of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH) were determined by ELISA. Results Treatment with 5 mg/kg AZT resulted in reduced MPO (p<0.05) and IL-1β (p<0.05), increased levels of IL-10 (p<0.05), and reduced expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, RANK, RANKL, cathepsin K, and increased expression of OPG. Conclusions These findings reveal that AZT increases anti-inflammatory cytokines and GSH and decreases bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Post Graduation Program Public Health/Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science/Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology,UFRN, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Hugo Varela
- Post Graduation Program Public Health/Department of Dentistry, UFRN, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Post Graduation Program in Functional and Structural Biology/Post Graduation Program Health Science/Department of Morphology, UFRN, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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