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Camacho-Téllez V, Castro MN, Wainsztein AE, Goldberg X, De Pino G, Costanzo EY, Cardoner N, Menchón JM, Soriano-Mas C, Guinjoan SM, Villarreal MF. Childhood adversity modulates structural brain changes in borderline personality but not in major depression disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111803. [PMID: 38460393 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively affect the function and structure of emotion brain circuits, increasing the risk of various psychiatric disorders. It is unclear if ACEs show disorder specificity with respect to their effects on brain structure. We aimed to investigate whether the structural brain effects of ACEs differ between patients with major depression (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). These disorders share many symptoms but likely have different etiologies. To achieve our goal, we obtained structural 3T-MRI images from 20 healthy controls (HC), 19 MDD patients, and 18 BPD patients, and measured cortical thickness and subcortical gray matter volumes. We utilized the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire to quantify self-reported exposure to childhood trauma. Our findings suggest that individuals with MDD exhibit a smaller cortical thickness when compared to those with BPD. However, ACEs showed a significantly affected relationship with cortical thickness in BPD but not in MDD. ACEs were found to be associated with thinning in cortical regions involved in emotional behavior in BPD, whereas HC showed an opposite association. Our results suggest a potential mechanism of ACE effects on psychopathology involving changes in brain structure. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Camacho-Téllez
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
| | - Mariana N Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina.
| | - Agustina E Wainsztein
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Fleni, Argentina
| | - Ximena Goldberg
- Mental Health Department, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriela De Pino
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Laboratorio de Neuroimágenes, Departamento de Imágenes, Fleni, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
| | - Elsa Y Costanzo
- Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Fleni, Argentina
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma University, and Oxley College, Tulsa University, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mirta F Villarreal
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Argentina
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Rakesh D, Elzeiny R, Vijayakumar N, Whittle S. A longitudinal study of childhood maltreatment, subcortical development, and subcortico-cortical structural maturational coupling from early to late adolescence. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7525-7536. [PMID: 37203450 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examining neurobiological mechanisms that may transmit the effects of childhood maltreatment on mental health in youth is crucial for understanding vulnerability to psychopathology. This study investigated associations between childhood maltreatment, adolescent structural brain development, and mental health trajectories into young-adulthood. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging data was acquired from 144 youth at three time points (age 12, 16, and 18 years). Childhood maltreatment was reported to occur prior to the first scan. Linear mixed models were utilized to examine the association between total childhood maltreatment, neglect, abuse and (i) amygdala and hippocampal volume development, and (ii) maturational coupling between amygdala/hippocampus volume and the thickness of prefrontal regions. We also examined whether brain development mediated the association between maltreatment and depressive and anxiety symptoms trajectories from age 12 to 28. RESULTS Total maltreatment, and neglect, were associated with positive maturational coupling between the amygdala and caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC), whereby at higher and lower levels of amygdala growth, maltreatment was associated with lower and higher PFC thinning, respectively. Neglect was also associated with maturational coupling of the hippocampus with prefrontal regions. While positive amygdala-cACC maturational coupling was associated with greater increases in anxiety symptoms, it did not significantly mediate the association between maltreatment and anxiety symptom trajectories. CONCLUSION We found maltreatment to be associated with altered patterns of coupling between subcortical and prefrontal regions during adolescence, suggesting that maltreatment is associated with the development of socio-emotional neural circuitry. The implications of these findings for mental health require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangana Rakesh
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reham Elzeiny
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nandita Vijayakumar
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zhu J, Anderson CM, Ohashi K, Khan A, Teicher MH. Potential sensitive period effects of maltreatment on amygdala, hippocampal and cortical response to threat. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5128-5139. [PMID: 36869224 PMCID: PMC10475146 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is a leading risk factor for psychopathology, though it is unclear why some develop risk averse disorders, such as anxiety and depression, and others risk-taking disorders including substance abuse. A critical question is whether the consequences of maltreatment depend on the number of different types of maltreatment experienced at any time during childhood or whether there are sensitive periods when exposure to particular types of maltreatment at specific ages exert maximal effects. Retrospective information on severity of exposure to ten types of maltreatment during each year of childhood was collected using the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure scale. Artificial Intelligence predictive analytics were used to delineate the most important type/time risk factors. BOLD activation fMRI response to threatening versus neutral facial images was assessed in key components of the threat detection system (i.e., amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate, inferior frontal gyrus and ventromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices) in 202 healthy, unmedicated, participants (84 M/118 F, 23.2 ± 1.7 years old). Emotional maltreatment during teenage years was associated with hyperactive response to threat whereas early childhood exposure, primarily to witnessing violence and peer physical bullying, was associated with an opposite pattern of greater activation to neutral than fearful faces in all regions. These findings strongly suggest that corticolimbic regions have two different sensitive period windows of enhanced plasticity when maltreatment can exert opposite effects on function. Maltreatment needs to be viewed from a developmental perspective in order to fully comprehend its enduring neurobiological and clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Carl M Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Kyoko Ohashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Alaptagin Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Martin H Teicher
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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Millman ZB, Hwang M, Sydnor VJ, Reid BE, Goldenberg JE, Talero JN, Bouix S, Shenton ME, Öngür D, Shinn AK. Auditory hallucinations, childhood sexual abuse, and limbic gray matter volume in a transdiagnostic sample of people with psychosis. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:118. [PMID: 36585407 PMCID: PMC9803640 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a potentially unique risk factor for auditory hallucinations (AH), but few studies have examined the moderating effects of sex or the association of CSA with limbic gray matter volume (GMV) in transdiagnostic samples of people with psychotic disorders. Here we found that people with psychotic disorders reported higher levels of all surveyed maltreatment types (e.g., physical abuse) than healthy controls, but people with psychotic disorders with AH (n = 41) reported greater CSA compared to both those without AH (n = 37; t = -2.21, p = .03) and controls (n = 37; t = -3.90, p < .001). Among people with psychosis, elevated CSA was most pronounced among females with AH (sex × AH status: F = 4.91, p = .009), held controlling for diagnosis, medications, and other maltreatment (F = 3.88, p = .02), and correlated with the current severity of AH (r = .26, p = .03) but not other symptoms (p's > .16). Greater CSA among patients related to larger GMV of the left amygdala accounting for AH status, diagnosis, medications, and other maltreatment (t = 2.12, p = .04). Among people with psychosis, females with AH may represent a unique subgroup with greater CSA. Prospective high-risk studies integrating multiple measures of maltreatment and brain structure/function may help elucidate the mechanisms linking CSA with amygdala alterations and AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B Millman
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Melissa Hwang
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Valerie J Sydnor
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin E Reid
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua E Goldenberg
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann K Shinn
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Prefrontal cortex and amygdala anatomy in youth with persistent levels of harsh parenting practices and subclinical anxiety symptoms over time during childhood. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:957-968. [PMID: 33745487 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity and anxiety have been associated with increased risk for internalizing disorders later in life and with a range of brain structural abnormalities. However, few studies have examined the link between harsh parenting practices and brain anatomy, outside of severe maltreatment or psychopathology. Moreover, to our knowledge, there has been no research on parenting and subclinical anxiety symptoms which remain persistent over time during childhood (i.e., between 2.5 and 9 years old). Here, we examined data in 94 youth, divided into four cells based on their levels of coercive parenting (high / low) and of anxiety (high / low) between 2.5 and 9 years old. Anatomical images were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and FreeSurfer. Smaller gray matter volumes in the prefrontal cortex regions and in the amygdala were observed in youth with high versus low levels of harsh parenting over time. In addition, we observed significant interaction effects between parenting practices and subclinical anxiety symptoms in rostral anterior cingulate cortical thickness and in amygdala volume. These youth should be followed further in time to identify which youth will or will not go on to develop an anxiety disorder, and to understand factors associated with the development of sustained anxiety psychopathology.
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VanTieghem M, Korom M, Flannery J, Choy T, Caldera C, Humphreys KL, Gabard-Durnam L, Goff B, Gee DG, Telzer EH, Shapiro M, Louie JY, Fareri DS, Bolger N, Tottenham N. Longitudinal changes in amygdala, hippocampus and cortisol development following early caregiving adversity. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100916. [PMID: 33517107 PMCID: PMC7848778 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although decades of research have shown associations between early caregiving adversity, stress physiology and limbic brain volume (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus), the developmental trajectories of these phenotypes are not well characterized. In the current study, we used an accelerated longitudinal design to assess the development of stress physiology, amygdala, and hippocampal volume following early institutional care. Previously Institutionalized (PI; N = 93) and comparison (COMP; N = 161) youth (ages 4–20 years old) completed 1–3 waves of data collection, each spaced approximately 2 years apart, for diurnal cortisol (N = 239) and structural MRI (N = 156). We observed a developmental shift in morning cortisol in the PI group, with blunted levels in childhood and heightened levels in late adolescence. PI history was associated with reduced hippocampal volume and reduced growth rate of the amygdala, resulting in smaller volumes by adolescence. Amygdala and hippocampal volumes were also prospectively associated with future morning cortisol in both groups. These results indicate that adversity-related physiological and neural phenotypes are not stationary during development but instead exhibit dynamic and interdependent changes from early childhood to early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Korom
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jessica Flannery
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tricia Choy
- Graduate School of Education, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Christina Caldera
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Humphreys
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Bonnie Goff
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Y Louie
- Child Mind Institute, San Francisco Bay Area, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Dominic S Fareri
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Niall Bolger
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Educational differences in prenatal anxiety and depressive symptoms and the role of childhood circumstances. SSM Popul Health 2020; 12:100690. [PMID: 33304984 PMCID: PMC7708856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite interest in unequal maternal and child health, previous research has not focused on educational differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy, although they threaten maternal and child wellbeing. Using the prospective FinnBrain Cohort Study data on 2763 pregnant women over the three pregnancy trimesters and Finnish register data, we estimated multilevel regressions to describe educational differences in prenatal anxiety and depressive symptoms and to analyze whether they can be explained by socioeconomic background, parental mental disorders and adverse experiences during childhood. Prenatal anxiety was measured by the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-anxiety subscale) and depressive symptoms by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The results showed less anxiety and depressive symptoms among more educated pregnant women. In accounting for the educational differences, we found support for both the social selection and the social causation perspectives. Adverse childhood experiences partly explained the educational differences, highlighting the role of an undisturbed childhood environment in prenatal mental health disparities. Results from the regression models as well as sensitivity analyses also suggested that education is likely to buffer against prenatal distress. Higher education predicted lower anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Educational differences were not attributable to childhood SES or parental mental health. Adverse childhood experiences partly explained the educational differences. Sensitivity analysis suggested education to buffer against prenatal distress.
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8
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Aberrant structural connectivity in childhood maltreatment: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:406-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Badura-Brack AS, Mills MS, Embury CM, Khanna MM, Klanecky Earl A, Stephen JM, Wang YP, Calhoun VD, Wilson TW. Hippocampal and parahippocampal volumes vary by sex and traumatic life events in children. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:288-297. [PMID: 32078279 PMCID: PMC7828931 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is reliably associated with smaller hippocampal volume in adults; however, this finding has not been shown in children, and even less is known about how sex and trauma interact to affect limbic structural development in children. METHODS Typically developing children aged 9 to 15 years who completed a trauma history questionnaire and structural T1-weighted MRI were included in this study (n = 172; 85 female, 87 male). All children who reported 4 or more traumas (n = 36) composed the high trauma group, and all children who reported 3 or fewer traumas (n = 136) composed the low trauma group. Using multivariate analysis of covariance, we compared FreeSurfer-derived structural MRI volumes (normalized by total intracranial volume) of the amygdalar, hippocampal and parahippocampal regions by sex and trauma level, controlling for age and study site. RESULTS We found a significant sex × trauma interaction, such that girls with high trauma had greater volumes than boys with high trauma. Follow-up analyses indicated significantly increased volumes for girls and generally decreased volumes for boys, specifically in the hippocampal and parahippocampalregions for the high trauma group; we observed no sex differences in the low trauma group. We noted no interaction effect for the amygdalae. LIMITATIONS We assessed a community sample and did not include a clinical sample. We did not collect data about the ages at which children experienced trauma. CONCLUSION Results revealed that psychological trauma affects brain development differently in girls and boys. These findings need to be followed longitudinally to elucidate how structural differences progress and contribute to well-known sex disparities in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Badura-Brack
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Mackenzie S. Mills
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Christine M. Embury
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Maya M. Khanna
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Alicia Klanecky Earl
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Julia M. Stephen
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
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Trifu SC, Trifu AC, Aluaş E, Tătaru MA, Costea RV. Brain changes in depression. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2020; 61:361-370. [PMID: 33544788 PMCID: PMC7864313 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.2.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review addresses major depressive disorder (MDD) and the implications of antidepressant treatment in the field of brain neuroplasticity, an effect initially considered adjacent but currently passed as central in the process of remission of MDD. Both in experimental animal studies and in human studies in subjects with mood disorders, neuroplasticity is considered the fundamental mechanism of neural defense against stress. Stress is the mediator between neurofunctional, neuroendocrine, neurobiological and neuroimmune disorders and depressive pathology of various intensities. Neurons have a high potential to adapt to the influences of internal and external factors. We are talking about neuroplasticity at different levels: structural neuroplasticity involving adult neurogenesis (such as plastic changes, dendritic reconstruction, when the morphology of the spine is affected); synaptic functional neuroplasticity and molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. These two major dimensions explain the pathophysiology of depression, as well as the convergence of the mechanisms involved in stress, major depressive decompensations, and the concept of neuroplasticity as the present target for new effective and potent antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Corina Trifu
- Department of General Medicine, Medical Military Institute, Bucharest, Romania;
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11
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McLaughlin KA, Weissman D, Bitrán D. Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 1:277-312. [PMID: 32455344 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of adversity and neurodevelopment-the dimensional model of adversity and stress acceleration model-in a systematic review of 109 studies using MRI-based measures of neural structure and function in children and adolescents. Consistent with the dimensional model, children exposed to threat had reduced amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and hippocampal volume and heightened amygdala activation to threat in a majority of studies; these patterns were not observed consistently in children exposed to deprivation. In contrast, reduced volume and altered function in frontoparietal regions were observed consistently in children exposed to deprivation but not children exposed to threat. Evidence for accelerated development in amygdala-mPFC circuits was limited but emerged in other metrics of neurodevelopment. Progress in charting neurodevelopmental consequences of adversity requires larger samples, longitudinal designs, and more precise assessments of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A McLaughlin
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - David Weissman
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Debbie Bitrán
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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12
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Profound and reproducible patterns of reduced regional gray matter characterize major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:176. [PMID: 31341158 PMCID: PMC6656728 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced gray matter (GM) volume may represent a hallmark of major depressive disorder (MDD) neuropathology, typified by wide-ranging distribution of structural alteration. In the study, we aimed to replicate and extend our previous finding of profound and widespread GM loss in MDD, and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a structural biomarker derived from GM volume in an interconnected pattern across the brain. In a sub-study of the International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression (iSPOT-D), two cohorts of clinically defined MDD participants "Test" (n = 98) and "Replication" (n = 131) were assessed alongside healthy controls (n = 66). Using 3T MRI T1-weighted volumes, GM volume differences were evaluated using voxel-based morphometry. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate an MDD diagnostic biomarker based on a precise spatial pattern of GM loss constructed using principal component analysis. We demonstrated a highly conserved symmetric widespread pattern of reduced GM volume in MDD, replicating our previous findings. Three bilateral dominant clusters were observed: Cluster 1: midline/cingulate (GM reduction: Test: 6.4%, Replication: 5.3%), Cluster 2: medial temporal lobe (GM reduction: Test: 8.2%, Replication: 11.9%), Cluster 3: prefrontal cortex (GM reduction: Test: 12.1%, Replication: 23.2%). We developed a biomarker reflecting the global pattern of GM reduction, achieving good diagnostic classification performance (AUC: Test = 0.75, Replication = 0.84). This study establishes that a highly specific pattern of reduced GM volume is a feature of MDD, suggestive of a structural basis for this disease. We introduce and validate a novel diagnostic biomarker based on this pattern.
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Interactive effects of genetic polymorphisms and childhood adversity on brain morphologic changes in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019. [PMID: 29535036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of depression is characterized by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors and brain structural alteration. Childhood adversity is a major contributing factor in the development of depression. Interactions between childhood adversity and candidate genes for depression could affect brain morphology via the modulation of neurotrophic factors, serotonergic neurotransmission, or the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and this pathway may explain the subsequent onset of depression. Childhood adversity is associated with structural changes in the hippocampus, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as white matter tracts such as the corpus callosum, cingulum, and uncinate fasciculus. Childhood adversity showed an interaction with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene Val66Met polymorphism, serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR), and FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) gene rs1360780 in brain morphologic changes in patients with depression and in a non-clinical population. Individuals with the Met allele of BDNF Val66Met and a history of childhood adversity had reduced volume in the hippocampus and its subfields, amygdala, and PFC and thinner rostral ACC in a study of depressed patients and healthy controls. The S allele of 5-HTTLPR combined with exposure to childhood adversity or a poorer parenting environment was associated with a smaller hippocampal volume and subsequent onset of depression. The FKBP5 gene rs160780 had a significant interaction with childhood adversity in the white matter integrity of brain regions involved in emotion processing. This review identified that imaging genetic studies on childhood adversity may deepen our understanding on the neurobiological background of depression by scrutinizing complicated pathways of genetic factors, early psychosocial environments, and the accompanying morphologic changes in emotion-processing neural circuitry.
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Rebello K, Moura LM, Pinaya WHL, Rohde LA, Sato JR. Default Mode Network Maturation and Environmental Adversities During Childhood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2:2470547018808295. [PMID: 32440587 PMCID: PMC7219900 DOI: 10.1177/2470547018808295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Default mode network (DMN) plays a central role in cognition and brain disorders.
It has been shown that adverse environmental conditions impact neurodevelopment,
but how these conditions impact in DMN maturation is still poorly understood.
This article reviews representative neuroimaging functional studies addressing
the interactions between DMN development and environmental factors, focusing on
early life adversities, a critical period for brain changes. Studies focused on
this period of life offer a special challenge: to disentangle the
neurodevelopmental connectivity changes from those related to environmental
conditions. We first summarized the literature on DMN maturation, providing an
overview of both typical and atypical development patterns in childhood and
early adolescence. Afterward, we focused on DMN changes associated with chronic
exposure to environmental adversities during childhood. This summary suggests
that changes in DMN development could be a potential allostatic neural feature
associated with an embodiment of environmental circumstances. Finally, we
discuss about some key methodological issues that should be considered in
paradigms addressing environmental adversities and open questions for future
investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Rebello
- Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Moura
- Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil
| | - Walter H L Pinaya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luis A Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João R Sato
- Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil
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15
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Kaag AM, Reneman L, Homberg J, van den Brink W, van Wingen GA. Enhanced Amygdala-Striatal Functional Connectivity during the Processing of Cocaine Cues in Male Cocaine Users with a History of Childhood Trauma. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:70. [PMID: 29593581 PMCID: PMC5857536 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Childhood trauma is associated with increased levels of anxiety later in life, an increased risk for the development of substance use disorders, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the amygdala and frontostriatal circuitry. The aim of this study was to investigate the (neurobiological) link among childhood trauma, state anxiety, and amygdala-frontostriatal activity in response to cocaine cues in regular cocaine users. METHODS In this study, we included 59 non-treatment seeking regular cocaine users and 58 non-drug using controls. Blood oxygenation level-dependent responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects performed a cue reactivity paradigm with cocaine and neutral cues. Psychophysiological interaction analyses were applied to assess functional connectivity between the amygdala and other regions in the brain. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure childhood trauma, state anxiety, drug use, drug use severity, and craving. RESULTS Neural activation was increased during the presentation of cocaine cues, in a widespread network including the frontostriatal circuit and amygdala in cocaine users but not in controls. Functional coupling between the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex was reduced in response to cocaine cues, in both cocaine users and controls, which was further diminished with increasing state anxiety. Importantly, amygdala-striatal connectivity was positively associated with childhood trauma in regular cocaine users, while there was a negative association in controls. At the behavioral level, state anxiety was positively associated with cocaine use severity and craving related to negative reinforcement. CONCLUSION Childhood trauma is associated with enhanced amygdala-striatal connectivity during cocaine cue reactivity in regular cocaine users, which may contribute to increased habit behavior and poorer cognitive control. While we cannot draw conclusions on causality, this study provides novel information on how childhood trauma may contribute to the development and persistence of cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marije Kaag
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Departement of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Departement of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith Homberg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Departement of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guido A. van Wingen
- Departement of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Powers A, Stevens JS, van Rooij SJH, Ely TD, Fani N, Jovanovic T, Ressler KJ, Bradley B. Neural correlates and structural markers of emotion dysregulation in traumatized civilians. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:823-831. [PMID: 28158800 PMCID: PMC5460053 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation (ED) reflects deficits in understanding and managing negative emotions and may serve as a transdiagnostic mechanism of risk for trauma-related psychiatric disorders. Therefore, understanding neurobiological substrates of ED in traumatized individuals is critical. The present study examined associations between ED and baseline structural differences and patterns of functional activity during an emotional task in a sample of African American women (n = 136) recruited from an urban hospital. Participants engaged in a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session. A subsample (n = 92) also viewed emotional face stimuli during functional MRI. ED was related to greater dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) surface area (Pcorr < 0.05) and increased dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and ventromedial PFC activation to fearful stimuli (Pcorr < 0.05), independent of the trauma and psychiatric symptoms. DMPFC activation was also associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms. Mediation analyses showed a significant mediation effect of ED on the relation between dmPFC activation and psychiatric symptoms. These findings are important since dACC and dmPFC play central roles in fear expression and attention to emotional stimuli. Future longitudinal research is needed to help solidify a model of risk for how such neural substrates may be impacted by traumatic experiences to create ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Timothy D Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
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17
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Herzog JI, Schmahl C. Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Consequences on Neurobiological, Psychosocial, and Somatic Conditions Across the Lifespan. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:420. [PMID: 30233435 PMCID: PMC6131660 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) such as sexual and physical abuse or neglect are frequent in childhood and constitute a massive stressor with long-lasting adverse effects on the brain, mental and physical health.The aim of this qualitative review is to present a concise overview of the present literature on the impact of ACE on neurobiology, mental and somatic health in later adulthood. Methods: The authors reviewed the existing literature on the impact of ACE on neurobiology, mental and somatic health in later adulthood and summarized the results for a concise qualitative overview. Results: In adulthood, the history of ACE can result in complex clinical profiles with several co-occurring mental and somatic disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, borderline personality disorder, obesity and diabetes. Although a general stress effect in the development of the disorders and neural alterations can be assumed, the role of type and timing of ACE is of particular interest in terms of prevention and treatment of ACE-related mental and somatic conditions. It has been suggested that during certain vulnerable developmental phases the risk for subsequent ACE-related disorders is increased. Moreover, emerging evidence points to sensitive periods and specificity of ACE-subtypes in the development of neurobiological alterations, e.g., volumetric and functional changes in the amygdala and hippocampus. Conclusion: Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate complex ACE-related characteristics and mechanisms relevant for mental and somatic disorders by integrating state of the art knowledge and methods. By identifying and validating psychosocial and somatic risk factors and diagnostic markers one might improve the development of innovative somatic and psychological treatment options for individuals suffering from ACE-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia I Herzog
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Amygdala-mediated mechanisms regulate visceral hypersensitivity in adult females following early life stress: importance of the glucocorticoid receptor and corticotropin-releasing factor. Pain 2017; 158:296-305. [PMID: 27849648 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in amygdala activity are apparent in women who report a history of early life stress (ELS) and those diagnosed with chronic pain disorders. Chronic stress in adulthood induces visceral hypersensitivity by alterations in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) expression within the central amygdala (CeA). Here, we hypothesized that unpredictable ELS, previously shown to induce visceral hypersensitivity in adult female rats, alters GR and CRF expression in the CeA. After neonatal ELS, visceral sensitivity and GR and CRF gene expression were quantified in adult female rats. After unpredictable ELS, adult female rats exhibited visceral hypersensitivity and increased expression of GR and CRF in the CeA. After predictable ELS, adult female rats demonstrated normosensitive behavioral pain responses and upregulation of GR but not CRF in the CeA. After the ELS paradigms, visceral sensitivity and gene expression within the CeA were unaffected in adult male rats. The role of GR and CRF in modulating visceral sensitivity in adult female rats after ELS was investigated using oligodeoxynucleotide sequences targeted to the CeA for knockdown of GR or CRF. Knockdown of GR increased visceral sensitivity in all rats but revealed an exaggerated visceral hypersensitivity in females with a history of predictable or unpredictable ELS compared with that of controls. Knockdown of CRF expression or antagonism of CRF1R in the CeA attenuated visceral hypersensitivity after unpredictable ELS. This study highlights a shift in GR and CRF regulation within the CeA after ELS that underlies the development of visceral hypersensitivity in adulthood.
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well accepted that panic disorder (PD) is associated with early trauma, and that the limbic systems are one of the main structures involved in PD pathophysiology. However, previous studies have not addressed the relationship between early trauma and major limbic white-matter (WM) structures in PD. METHODS Participants enrolled in the study consisted of 53 right-handed patients with PD and 21 healthy controls (HC). The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF), Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-Revised (ASI-R), and the Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ) were applied in the study. Tract-based spatial statistics were used for diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging analysis. RESULTS Among the patients with PD, the fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the fornix body in major limbic WM regions showed significant negative correlation with the ETISR-SF total score, while the scores of mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) in the same region of fornix had significant positive correlation with those scores (p<0.05; FWE corrected). Further significant correlation was observed between these four scores and the measures of symptom severity in PD, such as that in ASI-R and APPQ in the same region. LIMITATIONS Recall bias is possible in evaluating early trauma in the participants. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests a significant association of early trauma with the fornix body possibly through axons and myelin disruptions within major limbic structures in PD. A multi-centered large sample will be needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Taek Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Calem M, Bromis K, McGuire P, Morgan C, Kempton MJ. Meta-analysis of associations between childhood adversity and hippocampus and amygdala volume in non-clinical and general population samples. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 14:471-479. [PMID: 28275547 PMCID: PMC5331153 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies of psychiatric populations have reported associations between childhood adversity and volumes of stress-related brain structures. This meta-analysis investigated these associations in non-clinical samples and therefore independent of the effects of severe mental health difficulties and their treatment. Methods The MEDLINE database was searched for magnetic resonance imaging studies measuring brain structure in adults with and without childhood adversity. Fifteen eligible papers (1781 participants) reporting hippocampal volumes and/or amygdala volumes were pooled using a random effects meta-analysis. Results Those with childhood adversity had lower hippocampus volumes (hedges g = − 0.15, p = 0.010). Controlling for gender, this difference became less evident (hedges g = − 0.12, p = 0.124). This association differed depending on whether studies included participants with some psychopathology, though this may be due to differences in the type of adversity these studies examined. There was no strong evidence of any differences in amygdala volume. Discussion Childhood adversity may have only a modest impact on stress-related brain structures in those without significant mental health difficulties. Reduced hippocampal volume found in non-clinical people with childhood adversity This effect was less marked than those found in psychiatric populations. There was some evidence for confounding by gender. Further studies needed on impact of different forms of adversity on neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Calem
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Konstantinos Bromis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychosis Studies, PO67, Institute of Psychiatry, 16 de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.Department of Psychosis StudiesPO67Institute of Psychiatry16 de Crespigny ParkLondonSE5 8AFUK
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21
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Nicol AL, Sieberg CB, Clauw DJ, Hassett AL, Moser SE, Brummett CM. The Association Between a History of Lifetime Traumatic Events and Pain Severity, Physical Function, and Affective Distress in Patients With Chronic Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2016; 17:1334-1348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Prusator DK, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Sex differences in stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity following early life adversity: a two hit model. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:1876-1889. [PMID: 27385091 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life adversity (ELA) has been indicated as a risk factor for the development of stress axis dysfunction in adulthood, specifically in females. We previously showed that unpredictable ELA induces visceral hyperalgesia in adult female rats. It remains to be determined whether ELA alters visceral nociceptive responses to stress in adulthood. The current study tested the hypothesis that following ELA, exposure to an adulthood stressor, or second hit, serves as a risk factor for exaggerated stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity that is sex-specific. METHODS Following ELA, adult stress was induced via a single exposure (acute) or repetitive daily exposure, 1 h/day for 7 days (chronic), to water avoidance stress (WAS). KEY RESULTS Acute WAS increased pain behaviors in all adult female rats, however, females that experienced unpredictable ELA exhibited significantly more pain behaviors compared to those exposed to predictable ELA or controls. Following chronic WAS, all adult females exhibited increased pain responses, however, an exaggerated response was observed in rats exposed to unpredictable or predictable ELA compared to controls. Similarly, in adult male rats exposure to acute or chronic WAS increased pain behaviors, however, there were no differences in pain behaviors between ELA groups. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES This study highlights a novel consequence of ELA on stress-induced visceral nociception in adulthood that is sex-specific. More importantly, our study suggests that ELA not only serves as a risk factor for development of chronic pain in adulthood, but also serves as a predisposition for worsening of visceral pain following adult stress in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Prusator
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - B Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,VA Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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23
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Understanding heterogeneity in grey matter research of adults with childhood maltreatment—A meta-analysis and review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69:299-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sublette ME, Galfalvy HC, Oquendo MA, Bart CP, Schneck N, Arango V, Mann JJ. Relationship of recent stress to amygdala volume in depressed and healthy adults. J Affect Disord 2016; 203:136-142. [PMID: 27288958 PMCID: PMC8903078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala is an integral part of the extrahypothalamic stress-response system, and its volume related to childhood trauma has been studied, but less is known of associations with recent stressful life events. Amygdala volume differences also have been studied in depression, with conflicting results. We hypothesized that effects of stress may be a confound for amygdala volumetric differences in the context of depression. METHODS Right-handed participants (n=61) experiencing a major depressive episode during major depressive disorder (n=40) or bipolar depression (n=21) and healthy volunteers (n=60) underwent 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The amygdala perimeter was manually traced with an electronic mouse, based on anatomical landmarks on consecutive coronal slices, by raters blind to diagnosis. The effects of stress on amygdala volume were examined in linear regression models with self-reported physical/sexual abuse or highest category score on the St. Paul-Ramsey scale of stressful life events within the past 6 months as predictors, testing separately for age, sex, race, and depression status as covariates. RESULTS Diagnostic groups did not differ significantly with respect to mean age (depressed, 37.8±11.8yrs; healthy, 34.9±13.8yrs) or proportion of males (depressed, 39%, healthy, 50%). We found no association between physical and/or sexual abuse history and amygdala volume. Life stress within the last six months, however, was associated with smaller left amygdala volume. The association between stress and amygdala volume did not differ by diagnostic group. LIMITATIONS Most depressed patients were off medications for at least 2 weeks; however, this may not have been long enough to reverse effects of medications on amygdala structure. CONCLUSIONS That life stress of relatively short duration was associated with amygdala size in the entire sample, while temporally distant life stress was not, suggests that amygdala volume changes may occur rapidly and reversibly, and independent of depression status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University.,Corresponding author: Dr. M. E. Sublette, Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, Unit 42, 1051 Riverside Drive, NY, NY 10032, Tel 646-774-7514, FAX 646-774-7589,
| | - Hanga C. Galfalvy
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
| | - Corinne P. Bart
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University
| | - Noam Schneck
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
| | - Victoria Arango
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
| | - J. John Mann
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University.,Department of Radiology, Columbia University
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25
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Brown S, Fite PJ, Stone K, Bortolato M. Accounting for the associations between child maltreatment and internalizing problems: The role of alexithymia. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 52:20-8. [PMID: 26774529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Internalizing difficulties are one of the most widely documented consequences of child maltreatment. However, there is a need for studies delineating the factors that account for this association. Despite research showing that alexithymia is associated with both child maltreatment and internalizing problems, the role of alexithymia in the link between child maltreatment and internalizing problems has not received much attention in the literature. The current study evaluated whether a history of child maltreatment was associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and loneliness in emerging adulthood, and whether alexithymia partially accounted for these associations. Participants included 339 emerging adults ranging between 18 and 25 years of age (M=19.00, SD=1.26, 51.3% male). Exposure to child maltreatment (i.e., physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect) was positively associated with depression, anxiety, and loneliness symptoms. Tests of indirect effects suggested that associations between emotional neglect and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and loneliness were partially explained by alexithymia. However, alexithymia did not account for any other associations between the remaining four maltreatment types and internalizing problems. Findings highlight the need for further evaluation of the factors that might account for associations between child maltreatment and internalizing difficulties. Future directions and implications for interventions are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaquanna Brown
- Clinical Child Psychology Program and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, 2009 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Paula J Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, 2009 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Katie Stone
- Clinical Child Psychology Program and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, 2009 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and ConTRADA, University of Kansas, 5040 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Miller S, McTeague LM, Gyurak A, Patenaude B, Williams LM, Grieve SM, Korgaonkar MS, Etkin A. COGNITION-CHILDHOOD MALTREATMENT INTERACTIONS IN THE PREDICTION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT OUTCOMES IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER PATIENTS: RESULTS FROM THE iSPOT-D TRIAL. Depress Anxiety 2015; 32:594-604. [PMID: 25917683 PMCID: PMC4841677 DOI: 10.1002/da.22368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) history has been associated with poor treatment response in major depressive disorder (MDD), but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain opaque. Dysfunction in the neural circuits for executive cognition is a putative neurobiological consequence of CM that may contribute importantly to adverse clinical outcomes. We used behavioral and neuroimaging measures of executive functioning to assess their contribution to the relationship between CM and antidepressant response in MDD patients. METHODS Ninety eight medication-free MDD outpatients participating in the International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression were assessed at baseline on behavioral neurocognitive measures and functional magnetic resonance imaging during tasks probing working memory (continuous performance task, CPT) and inhibition (Go/No-go). Seventy seven patients completed 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Baseline behavioral and neuroimaging measures were assessed in relation to CM (history of childhood physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse) and posttreatment depression outcomes. RESULTS Patients with maltreatment exhibited decreased modulation of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity during working memory updating on the CPT, and a corresponding impairment in CPT behavioral performance outside the scanner. No between-group differences were found for imaging or behavior on the Go/No-go test of inhibition. Greater DLPFC activity during CPT significantly predicted posttreatment symptom improvement in patients without maltreatment, whereas the relationship between DLPFC activity and symptom change was nonsignificant, and in the opposite direction, in patients with maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS The effect of CM on prefrontal circuitry involved in executive function is a potential predictor of antidepressant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Lisa M. McTeague
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Anett Gyurak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304,Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Jordan Hall, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Brian Patenaude
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Leanne M. Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Stuart M. Grieve
- Brain Dynamics Center, University of Sydney Medical School and Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia,Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia,Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Center, University of Sydney Medical School and Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia,Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304,Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: Amit Etkin, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, Telephone: (650) 725-5736, Fax: (650) 724-9900,
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Beating the brain about abuse: Empirical and meta-analytic studies of the association between maltreatment and hippocampal volume across childhood and adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 27:507-20. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe present new empirical data and meta-analytic evidence for the association of childhood maltreatment with reduced hippocampal volume. In Study 1, we examined the effects of maltreatment experiences reported during the Adult Attachment Interview on hippocampal volume in female twin pairs. We found that reduced hippocampal volume was related to childhood maltreatment. In addition, individuals who reported having experienced maltreatment at older ages had larger reductions in hippocampal volume compared to individuals who reported maltreatment in early childhood. In Study 2, we present the results of a meta-analysis of 49 studies (including 2,720 participants) examining hippocampal volume in relation to experiences of child maltreatment, and test the moderating role of the timing of the maltreatment, the severity of maltreatment, and the time after exposure to maltreatment. The results of the meta-analysis confirmed that experiences of childhood maltreatment are associated with a reduction in hippocampal volume and that the effects of maltreatment are more pronounced when the maltreatment occurs in middle childhood compared to early childhood or adolescence.
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Abstract
Ethnic minority groups across the world face a complex set of adverse social and psychological challenges linked to their minority status, often involving racial discrimination. Racial discrimination is increasingly recognized as an important contributing factor to health disparities among non-dominant ethnic minorities. A growing body of literature has recognized these health disparities and has investigated the relationship between racial discrimination and poor health outcomes. Chronically elevated cortisol levels and a dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis appear to mediate effects of racial discrimination on allostatic load and disease. Racial discrimination seems to converge on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and may impair the function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hence showing substantial similarities to chronic social stress. This review provides a summary of recent literature on hormonal and neural effects of racial discrimination and a synthesis of potential neurobiological pathways by which discrimination affects mental health.
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