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Koynarev V, Borgos KKA, Kohlbrecher J, Porcar L, Nielsen JE, Lund R. Antimicrobial Peptides Increase Line Tension in Raft-Forming Lipid Membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20891-20903. [PMID: 39018511 PMCID: PMC11295182 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The formation of phase separated membrane domains is believed to be essential for the function of the cell. The precise composition and physical properties of lipid bilayer domains play crucial roles in regulating protein activity and governing cellular processes. Perturbation of the domain structure in human cells can be related to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Lipid rafts are also believed to be essential in bacteria, potentially serving as targets for antibiotics. An important question is how the membrane domain structure is affected by bioactive and therapeutic molecules, such as surface-active peptides, which target cellular membranes. Here we focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), crucial components of the innate immune system, to gain insights into their interaction with model lipid membranes containing domains. Using small-angle neutron/X-ray scattering (SANS/SAXS), we show that the addition of several natural AMPs (indolicidin, LL-37, magainin II, and aurein 2.2) causes substantial growth and restructuring of the domains, which corresponds to increased line tension. Contrast variation SANS and SAXS results demonstrate that the peptide inserts evenly in both phases, and the increased line tension can be related to preferential and concentration dependent thinning of the unsaturated membrane phase. We speculate that the lateral restructuring caused by the AMPs may have important consequences in affecting physiological functions of real cells. This work thus shines important light onto the complex interactions and lateral (re)organization in lipid membranes, which is relevant for a molecular understanding of diseases and the action of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joachim Kohlbrecher
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul
Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut
Laue-Langevin, 71 Av. des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Reidar Lund
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, University
of Oslo, Postboks 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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2
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Cheng C, Zhang J, Li X, Xue F, Cao L, Meng L, Sui W, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Xi B, Yu X, Xu F, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang C. NPRC deletion mitigated atherosclerosis by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in ApoE knockout mice. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:290. [PMID: 37553374 PMCID: PMC10409771 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested a beneficial effect of natriuretic peptides in animal models of cardiovascular disease, but the role of natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPRC) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS) remains unknown. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that NPRC may promote AS lesion formation and instability by enhancing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis via protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. ApoE-/- mice were fed chow or Western diet for 12 weeks and NPRC expression was significantly increased in the aortic tissues of Western diet-fed mice. Systemic NPRC knockout mice were crossed with ApoE-/- mice to generate ApoE-/-NPRC-/- mice, and NPRC deletion resulted in a significant decrease in the size and instability of aortic atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/-NPRC-/- versus ApoE-/- mice. In addition, endothelial cell-specific NPRC knockout attenuated atherosclerotic lesions in mice. In contrast, endothelial cell overexpression of NPRC aggravated the size and instability of atherosclerotic aortic lesions in mice. Experiments in vitro showed that NPRC knockdown in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) inhibited ROS production, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and endothelial cell apoptosis, and increased eNOS expression. Furthermore, NPRC knockdown in HAECs suppressed macrophage migration, cytokine expression, and phagocytosis via its effects on endothelial cells. On the contrary, NPRC overexpression in endothelial cells resulted in opposite effects. Mechanistically, the anti-inflammation and anti-atherosclerosis effects of NPRC deletion involved activation of cAMP/PKA pathway, leading to downstream upregulated AKT1 pathway and downregulated NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, NPRC deletion reduced the size and instability of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice via attenuating inflammation and endothelial cell apoptosis and increasing eNOS expression by modulating cAMP/PKA-AKT1 and NF-κB pathways. Thus, targeting NPRC may provide a promising approach to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Fei Xue
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Cao
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Meng
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhai Sui
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Polita A, Stancikaitė M, Žvirblis R, Maleckaitė K, Dodonova-Vaitkūnienė J, Tumkevičius S, Shivabalan AP, Valinčius G. Designing a green-emitting viscosity-sensitive 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza- s-indacene (BODIPY) probe for plasma membrane viscosity imaging. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19257-19264. [PMID: 37377877 PMCID: PMC10291278 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04126c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viscosity is a key characteristic of lipid membranes - it governs the passive diffusion of solutes and affects the lipid raft formation and membrane fluidity. Precise determination of viscosity values in biological systems is of great interest and viscosity-sensitive fluorescent probes offer a convenient solution for this task. In this work we present a novel membrane-targeting and water-soluble viscosity probe BODIPY-PM, which is based on one of the most frequently used probes BODIPY-C10. Despite its regular use, BODIPY-C10 suffers from poor integration into liquid-ordered lipid phases and lack of water solubility. Here, we investigate the photophysical characteristics of BODIPY-PM and demonstrate that solvent polarity only slightly affects the viscosity-sensing qualities of BODIPY-PM. In addition, with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), we imaged microviscosity in complex biological systems - large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), tethered bilayer membranes (tBLMs) and live lung cancer cells. Our study showcases that BODIPY-PM preferentially stains the plasma membranes of live cells, equally well partitions into both liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases and reliably distinguishes lipid phase separation in tBLMs and LUVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artūras Polita
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Saulėtekio Av. 7 Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
| | - Milda Stancikaitė
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology Saulėtekio Av. 3 Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
| | - Rokas Žvirblis
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University Saulėtekio Av. 7 Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
| | - Karolina Maleckaitė
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology Saulėtekio Av. 3 Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
| | - Jelena Dodonova-Vaitkūnienė
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University Naugarduko St. 24 Vilnius LT-03225 Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Tumkevičius
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University Naugarduko St. 24 Vilnius LT-03225 Lithuania
| | - Arun Prabha Shivabalan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Saulėtekio Av. 7 Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
| | - Gintaras Valinčius
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Saulėtekio Av. 7 Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
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4
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Jia X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Li G, Bai X. Serum amyloid A and interleukin -1β facilitate LDL transcytosis across endothelial cells and atherosclerosis via NF-κB/caveolin-1/cavin-1 pathway. Atherosclerosis 2023; 375:87-97. [PMID: 36935311 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory molecules play important roles in atherosclerosis. We aimed to illustrate the roles of serum amyloid A (SAA), and interleukin (IL)-1β in low density lipoproteins (LDL) transcytosis and atherosclerosis. METHODS Effects of SAA and IL-1β on transcytosis of LDL were measured by an in vitro LDL transcytosis model. NF-κB/caveolin-1/cavin-1 pathway activation was investigated by Western blots and ELISA. Effects of SAA and IL-1β on the retention of LDL in aorta of C57BL/6J mice were detected by IVIS spectrum. Effects of SAA and IL-1β on atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice were examined by Oil Red O staining. RESULTS SAA and IL-1β stimulated LDL transcytosis across endothelial cells (ECs), which was accompanied by an increase in LDL uptake by ECs. SAA and IL-1β enhanced the activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, consequently facilitating an up-regulation of proteins involved in caveolae formation, including caveolin-1 and cavin-1, along with an assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, SAA- and IL-1β-induced effects were blocked by NF-κB subunit p65 siRNA. Meanwhile, SAA- and IL-1β-induced LDL transcytosis were effectively blocked by caveolin-1 siRNA or cavin-1 siRNA. Interestingly, SAA and IL-1β facilitated LDL entering into the aorta of C57BL/6J mice. In Apoe-/- mice, SAA and IL-1β increased the areas of lipid-rich atherosclerotic lesions in the both ascending and root of aorta. Furthermore, a significant increase in the NLRP3 inflammasome, accompanied by accumulation of cavin-1 and caveolin-1, was observed in the aortic endothelium of Apoe-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS SAA and IL-1β accelerated LDL transcytosis via the NF-κB/caveolin-1/cavin-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jinan University 2nd Clinical Medicine College People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Zongtao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Geng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xiangli Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China.
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Moreno-Pescador G, Arastoo MR, Ruhoff VT, Chiantia S, Daniels R, Bendix PM. Thermoplasmonic Vesicle Fusion Reveals Membrane Phase Segregation of Influenza Spike Proteins. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3377-3384. [PMID: 37040311 PMCID: PMC10141563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many cellular processes involve the lateral organization of integral and peripheral membrane proteins into nanoscale domains. Despite the biological significance, the mechanisms that facilitate membrane protein clustering into nanoscale lipid domains remain enigmatic. In cells, the analysis of membrane protein phase affinity is complicated by the size and temporal nature of ordered and disordered lipid domains. To overcome these limitations, we developed a method for delivering membrane proteins from transfected cells into phase-separated model membranes that combines optical trapping with thermoplasmonic-mediated membrane fusion and confocal imaging. Using this approach, we observed clear phase partitioning into the liquid disordered phase following the transfer of GFP-tagged influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from transfected cell membranes to giant unilamellar vesicles. The generic platform presented here allows investigation of the phase affinity of any plasma membrane protein which can be labeled or tagged with a fluorescent marker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Reza Arastoo
- Niels
Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Salvatore Chiantia
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biology, University
of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert Daniels
- Division
of Viral Products, Center for Biologics
Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Poul Martin Bendix
- Niels
Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
- Email
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6
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Giambelluca S, Ochs M, Lopez-Rodriguez E. Resting time after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in THP-1 derived macrophages provides a non-biased model for the study of NLRP3 inflammasome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958098. [PMID: 36618426 PMCID: PMC9817155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages has been proven to play a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. THP-1 monocytes can be differentiated to macrophages by incubation with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), providing a suitable model for in vitro studies. However, PMA has been shown to have effects on the levels of IL-1β, the main mediator of NLRP3 inflammasome, while the effects on the other mediators of the inflammasome have not been reported before. Methods THP-1 monocytes were incubated without (THP-1), with 5ng/ml PMA for 48h (PMA48h) or with 5ng/ml PMA for 48h plus 24h in fresh medium (PMArest). Morphological changes and the expression of macrophage surface markers (CD14, CD11b, CD36 and CD204) were evaluated by flow cytometry. Changes in intracellular levels of inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1, pro-IL1β) were analyzed by western blot and release of mature IL-1β in cell supernatant was analyzed by ELISA. ASC speck formation was determined by immunofluorescence. Results After 48h incubation with PMA or subsequent rest in fresh medium, cells became adherent, and the differential expression of CD36, CD11b, CD14 and CD204 compared to THP-1 cells confirmed that PMArest resemble macrophages from a molecular point of view. Changes in the levels were detected in PMA48h group for all the NLRP3-related proteins, with increase of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β and secretion of mature IL-1β. In PMArest, no pro-IL-1β and lower amounts of mature IL-1β were detected. No ASC speck was found in PMA treated groups, but the addition of a second stimulus to PMArest resulted in ASC speck formation, together with IL-1β production, confirming the responsiveness of the model. Conclusion Differentiation of THP-1 with 5ng/ml PMA followed by 24h resting period provides a model that morphologically and molecularly resembles macrophages. However, even at low concentrations, PMA induces production of IL-1β. The 24h rest period provides for down-regulation of pro-IL-1β in PMArest group, without affecting its ability to respond to a second stimulus through activation of inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Giambelluca
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Univeristätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Univeristätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Lopez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Univeristätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Elena Lopez-Rodriguez,
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Rezende L, Couto NFD, Fernandes-Braga W, Epshtein Y, Alvarez-Leite JI, Levitan I, Andrade LDO. OxLDL induces membrane structure rearrangement leading to biomechanics alteration and migration deficiency in macrophage. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183951. [PMID: 35504320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol sequestration from plasma membrane has been shown to induce lipid packing disruption, causing actin cytoskeleton reorganization and polymerization, increasing cell stiffness and inducing lysosomal exocytosis in non-professional phagocytes. Similarly, oxidized form of low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has also been shown to disrupt lipid organization and packing in endothelial cells, leading to biomechanics alterations that interfere with membrane injury and repair. For macrophages, much is known about oxLDL effects in cell activation, cytokine production and foam cell formation. However, little is known about its impact in the organization of macrophage membrane structured domains and cellular mechanics, the focus of the present study. Treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) with oxLDL not only altered membrane structure, and potentially the distribution of raft domains, but also induced actin rearrangement, diffuse integrin distribution and cell shrinkage, similarly to observed upon treatment of these cells with MβCD. Those alterations led to decreased migration efficiency. For both treatments, higher co-localization of actin cytoskeleton and GM1 was observed, indicating a similar mechanism of action involving raft-like domain dynamics. Lastly, like MβCD treatment, oxLDL also induced lysosomal spreading in BMDM. We propose that OxLDL induced re-organization of membrane/cytoskeleton complex in macrophages can be attributed to the insertion of oxysterols into the membrane, which lead to changes in lipid organization and disruption of membrane structure, similar to the effect of cholesterol depletion by MβCD treatment. These results indicate that oxLDL can induce physical alterations in the complex membrane/cytoskeleton of macrophages, leading to significant biomechanical changes that compromise cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Rezende
- Department of Morphology/Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fernanda Do Couto
- Department of Morphology/Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Weslley Fernandes-Braga
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology/Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Yulia Epshtein
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Irena Levitan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
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Casais-E-Silva LL, da Cruz-Hofling MA, Teixeira CFP. The edematogenic effect of Micrurus lemniscatus venom is dependent on venom phospholipase A 2 activity and modulated by non-neurogenic factors. Toxicol Lett 2022; 369:12-21. [PMID: 35970279 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Coral snakes mainly cause neurotoxic symptoms in human envenomation, but experimental studies have already demonstrated several pharmacological activities in addition to these effects. This investigation was carried out with the aim of evaluating (1) non-neurogenic mechanisms involved in the inflammatory response induced by Micrurus lemniscatus venom (MLV) in rat hind paws, (2) participation of PLA2 in this response, and (3) neutralizing efficiency of commercial anti-elapid antivenom on edema. MLV promoted a rapid, significant increase in vascular permeability, influx of leukocytes, and disorganization of collagen bundles, as demonstrated by histological analysis. Several pretreatments were applied to establish the involvement of inflammatory mediators in MLV-induced edema (5 µg/paw). Treatment of animals with chlorpromazine reduced MLV-induced edema, indicating participation of TNF-α. However, the inefficiency of other pharmacological treatments suggests that eicosanoids, leukotrienes, and nitric oxide have no role in this type of edema formation. In contrast, PAF negatively modulates this venom-induced effect. MLV was recognized by anti-elapid serum, but this antivenom did not neutralize edema formation. Chemical modification of MLV with p-bromophenacyl bromide abrogated the phospholipase activity and markedly reduced edema, demonstrating PLA2 participation in MLV-induced edema. In conclusion, the non-neurogenic inflammatory profile of MLV is characterized by TNF-α-mediated edema, participation of PLA2 activity, and down-regulation by PAF. MLV induces an influx of leukocytes and destruction of collagen fibers at the site of its injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L Casais-E-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Department of Bioregulation, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Hofling
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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9
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Castro CA, Buzinari TC, Lino RLB, Araújo HSSD, Aníbal FDF, Verzola RMM, Bagnato VS, Inada NM, Rodrigues GJ. Profile of IL-6 and TNF in Foam Cell Formation: An Improved Method Using Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) Probe. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:533-541. [PMID: 35946754 PMCID: PMC9563877 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of foam cells occurs due to the increase in low-density plasma lipoprotein (LDL) and dysregulation of inflammation, which is important for the development of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the profile of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the existing foam cell formation method, optimizing this protocol. METHODS The LDL was isolated, oxidized, and labeled with a Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe. Foam cells were generated from THP-1 human monocyte-derived cells and incubated in the absence (control) or presence of FITC-ox-LDL (10, 50, 100, 150, or 200 μg/mL), for 12, 24, 48, or 72 hours. The accumulated FITC-ox-LDL in the cell was quantified by microscopy. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was evaluated to quantify the IL-6 and TNF-α, with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS All the FITC-ox-LDL concentrations tested showed a higher fluorescence when compared to the control, showing a greater accumulation of lipoprotein in cells. The higher the concentration of FITC-ox-LDL, the greater the production of TNF-α and IL-6. The production of IL-6 by foam cells was detected up to the value of 150 µg/mL of the maximum stimulus for LDL. Concentrations above 50 μg/mL LDL stimulated greater release of TNF-α compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Our model contributes to the understanding of the release of IL-6 and TNF-α in response to different concentrations of ox-LDL, using an optimized method for the formation of foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Aparecida Castro
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP - Brasil.,Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP - Brasil
| | - Tereza Cristina Buzinari
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalia Mayumi Inada
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP - Brasil
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Gavini CK, Elshareif N, Aubert G, Germanwala AV, Calcutt NA, Mansuy-Aubert V. LXR agonist improves peripheral neuropathy and modifies PNS immune cells in aged mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:57. [PMID: 35219337 PMCID: PMC8882298 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02423-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral neuropathy is a common and progressive disorder in the elderly that interferes with daily activities. It is of importance to find efficient treatments to treat or delay this age-related neurodegeneration. Silencing macrophages by reducing foamy macrophages showed significant improvement of age-related degenerative changes in peripheral nerves of aged mice. We previously demonstrated that activation of the cholesterol sensor Liver X receptor (LXR) with the potent agonist, GW3965, alleviates pain in a diet-induced obesity model. We sought to test whether LXR activation may improve neuropathy in aged mice. Methods 21-month-old mice were treated with GW3965 (25 mg/Kg body weight) for 3 months while testing for mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. At termination, flow cytometry was used to profile dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve cells. Immune cells were sorted and analyzed for cholesterol and gene expression. Nerve fibers of the skin from the paws were analyzed. Some human sural nerves were also evaluated. Comparisons were made using either t test or one-way ANOVA. Results Treatment with GW3965 prevented the development of mechanical hypersensitivity and thermal hyperalgesia over time in aged mice. We also observed change in polarization and cholesterol content of sciatic nerve macrophages accompanied by a significant increase in nerve fibers of the skin. Conclusions These results suggest that activation of the LXR may delay the PNS aging by modifying nerve-immune cell lipid content. Our study provides new potential targets to treat or delay neuropathy during aging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02423-z.
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11
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Chen G, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Qin Y, Wei B, Sun Y, Chen Y. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin suppresses the monocyte-endothelial adhesion triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1036-1044. [PMID: 34362284 PMCID: PMC8354180 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1953540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent studies demonstrated the anti-atherosclerotic efficacy of cyclodextrin. However, it remains unclear whether cyclodextrin exerts the anti-atherosclerotic effect via regulating monocyte-endothelial adhesion. OBJECTIVE To answer that question by recruiting methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) as a cyclodextrin representative. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were not treated, or treated with 1 µg/mL liposaccharide (LPS) or 50 µg/mL oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) for 12 h, 5 mM MβCD for 1 h, and LPS/oxLDL (1 and 50 µg/mL, respectively for 12 h) plus MβCD (5 mM for 1 h), respectively. The effects of MβCD on LPS/oxLDL-triggered monocyte-endothelial adhesion and related molecules in signalling pathways were evaluated via confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, western blotting, and cell adhesion assay. RESULTS MβCD with an IC50 of 27.66 mM (1 h treatment) exerted no significant cytotoxicity at ≤5 mM for ≤2 h. Compared with the control, both LPS and oxLDL induced an ∼2-3-fold increase in adhesion molecule expression (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 at protein and mRNA levels) and NF-κB phosphorylation (p-NF-κB/pP65), an increase in IκB kinase (IKK), and a decrease in phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), respectively. Moreover, more monocytes (2-fold higher for LPS and 15% higher for oxLDL) were attached on LPS/oxLDL-stimulated HUVECs. 5 mM MβCD reversed the LPS/oxLDL-induced changes back to the control levels. CONCLUSIONS MβCD significantly suppresses the LPS/oxLDL-triggered monocyte-endothelial adhesion by downregulating adhesion molecule expression probably via LPS-IKK-NF-κB or oxLDL-Akt-NF-κB pathway. This study demonstrates a potential mechanism of the anti-atherosclerotic efficacy of cyclodextrin from the angle of monocyte-endothelial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wendiao Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- CONTACT Yong Chen ; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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12
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Conforti A, Wahlers T, Paunel-Görgülü A. Neutrophil extracellular traps modulate inflammatory markers and uptake of oxidized LDL by human and murine macrophages. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259894. [PMID: 34797846 PMCID: PMC8604363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures, which are released upon neutrophil activation. It has previously been demonstrated that NETs are present in atherosclerotic lesions of both humans and animal models thus playing a decisive role in atherosclerosis. Besides, macrophages have a crucial role in disease progression, whereby classically activated M1 macrophages sustain inflammation and alternatively activated M2 macrophages display anti-inflammatory effects. Although NETs and macrophages were found to colocalize in atherosclerotic lesions, the impact of NETs on macrophage function is not fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of NETs on human and murine macrophages in respect to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in vitro. Human THP-1 and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured under M1 (LPS + IFN-γ)- and M2a (IL-4)-polarizing culture conditions and treated with NETs. To mimic intraplaque regions, cells were additionally cultured under hypoxic conditions. NETs significantly increased the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in THP-M1 macrophages under normoxia but suppressed their expression in murine M1 macrophages under hypoxic conditions. Notably, NETs increased the number of oxLDL-positive M1 and M2 human and murine macrophages under normoxia, but did not influence formation of murine foam cells under hypoxia. However, oxLDL uptake did not strongly correlate with the expression of the LDL receptor CD36. Besides, upregulated MMP-9 expression and secretion by macrophages was detected in the presence of NETs. Again, hypoxic culture conditions dampened NETs effects. These results suggest that NETs may favor foam cell formation and plaque vulnerability, but exert opposite effects in respect to the inflammatory response of human and murine M1 macrophages. Moreover, effects of NETs on macrophages’ phenotype are altered under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Conforti
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center of The University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wahlers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center of The University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adnana Paunel-Görgülü
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center of The University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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13
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Understanding the Stony Bridge between Osteoporosis and Vascular Calcification: Impact of the FGF23/Klotho axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7536614. [PMID: 34539972 PMCID: PMC8448600 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7536614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A relationship between osteoporosis (OP) and vascular calcification (VC) is now proposed. There are common mechanisms underlying the regulation of them. Fibroblast growth factor- (FGF-) 23 and Klotho are hormones associated with the metabolic axis of osteovascular metabolism. Most recently, it was suggested that the FGF23-klotho axis is associated with increasing incidence of fractures and is potentially involved in the progression of the aortic-brachial stiffness ratio. Herein, we discussed the potential role of the FGF23/Klotho axis in the pathophysiology of OP and VC. We want to provide an update review in order to allow a better understanding of the potential role of the FGF23/Klotho axis in comorbidity of OP and VC. We believe that a better understanding of the relationship between both entities can help in proposing new therapeutic targets for reducing the increasing prevalence of OP and VC in the aging population.
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14
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Cho SN, Choi JA, Lee J, Son SH, Lee SA, Nguyen TD, Choi SY, Song CH. Ang II-Induced Hypertension Exacerbates the Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092478. [PMID: 34572127 PMCID: PMC8465031 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known that infection plays a role in the development of hypertension. However, the role of hypertension in the progression of infectious diseases remain unknown. Many countries with high rates of hypertension show geographical overlaps with those showing high incidence rates of tuberculosis (TB). To explore the role of hypertension in tuberculosis, we compared the effects of hypertension during mycobacterial infection, we infected both hypertensive Angiotensin II (Ang II) and control mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain H37Ra by intratracheal injection. Ang II-induced hypertension promotes cell death through both apoptosis and necrosis in Mtb H37Ra infected mouse lungs. Interestingly, we found that lipid accumulation in pulmonary tissues was significantly increased in the hypertension group compared to the normal controls. Ang II-induced hypertension increases the formation of foamy macrophages during Mtb infection and it leads to cell death. Moreover, the hypertension group showed more severe granuloma formation and fibrotic lesions in comparison with the control group. Finally, we observed that the total number of mycobacteria was increased in the lungs in the hypertension group compared to the normal controls. Taken together, these results suggest that hypertension increases intracellular survival of Mtb through formation of foamy macrophages, resulting in severe pathogenesis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Na Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Junghwan Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Son
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Seong-Ahn Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Tam-Doan Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Song-Yi Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Chang-Hwa Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-580-8245; Fax: +82-42-585-3686
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15
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Jiang F, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhang B, Wang E, Liu J, Zhang T. Egg White-Derived Peptides QVPLW and LCAY Inhibit the Activity of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Suppressing Its Recruitment into Lipid Rafts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10350-10357. [PMID: 34448567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a membrane protein, the activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) can be modulated via regulation of its localization in the cell membrane with food-derived peptides. This study aimed to explore the effect of egg white peptides on the cell membrane localization and activity of ACE in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ACE activity was found to be related to lipid rafts by using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). QVPLW and LCAY can inhibit ACE activity by preventing ACE recruitment into lipid rafts, with in situ IC50 values of 238.46 ± 11.35 μM and 31.55 ± 2.64 μM in the control groups, as well as 45.43 ± 6.15 μM and 34.63 ± 1.59 μM in the MβCD groups, respectively. QVPLW and LCAY may alter the cell membrane properties, including the fluidity, potential, and permeability, and eventually promote the transposition of ACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Biying Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Erlei Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
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Pérez-Olivares L, Soehnlein O. Contemporary Lifestyle and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: An Emerging Link in Atherosclerosis Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1985. [PMID: 34440753 PMCID: PMC8394440 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular genetic material decorated with proteins of nuclear, granular and cytosolic origin that activated neutrophils expel under pathogenic inflammatory conditions. NETs are part of the host's innate immune defense system against invading pathogens. Interestingly, these extracellular structures can also be released in response to sterile inflammatory stimuli (e.g., shear stress, lipidic molecules, pro-thrombotic factors, aggregated platelets, or pro-inflammatory cytokines), as in atherosclerosis disease. Indeed, NETs have been identified in the intimal surface of diseased arteries under cardiovascular disease conditions, where they sustain inflammation via NET-mediated cell-adhesion mechanisms and promote cellular dysfunction and tissue damage via NET-associated cytotoxicity. This review will focus on (1) the active role of neutrophils and NETs as underestimated players of the inflammatory process during atherogenesis and lesion progression; (2) how these extracellular structures communicate with the main cell types present in the atherosclerotic lesion in the arterial wall; and (3) how these neutrophil effector functions interplay with lifestyle-derived risk factors such as an unbalanced diet, physical inactivity, smoking or lack of sleep quality, which represent major elements in the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Olivares
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institute, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Li Q, Lan X, Han X, Durham F, Wan J, Weiland A, Koehler RC, Wang J. Microglia-derived interleukin-10 accelerates post-intracerebral hemorrhage hematoma clearance by regulating CD36. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:437-457. [PMID: 33588074 PMCID: PMC8058329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematoma size after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) significantly affects patient outcome. However, our knowledge of endogenous mechanisms that underlie hematoma clearance and the potential role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) is limited. Using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and a collagenase-induced ICH mouse model, we investigated the role of microglial IL-10 in phagocytosis ex vivo and hematoma clearance in vivo. In slice culture, exposure to hemoglobin induced IL-10 expression in microglia and enhanced phagocytosis that depended on IL-10-regulated expression of CD36. Following ICH, IL-10-deficient mice had more severe neuroinflammation, brain edema, iron deposition, and neurologic deficits associated with delayed hematoma clearance. Intranasal administration of recombinant IL-10 accelerated hematoma clearance and improved neurologic function. Additionally, IL-10-deficient mice had weakened in vivo phagocytic ability owing to decreased expression of microglial CD36. Moreover, loss of IL-10 significantly increased monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration and enhanced brain inflammation in vivo. These results indicate that IL-10 regulates microglial phagocytosis and monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration after ICH and that CD36 is a key phagocytosis effector regulated by IL-10. Leveraging the innate immune response to ICH by augmenting IL-10 signaling may provide a useful strategy for accelerating hematoma clearance and improving neurologic outcome in clinical translation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raymond C. Koehler
- Corresponding author at: Department of
Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street Blalock 1404, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA,
(R.C. Koehler)
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18
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Revealing Plasma Membrane Nano-Domains with Diffusion Analysis Methods. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10110314. [PMID: 33138102 PMCID: PMC7693849 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nano-domains are sub-light-diffraction-sized heterogeneous areas in the plasma membrane of cells, which are involved in cell signalling and membrane trafficking. Throughout the last thirty years, these nano-domains have been researched extensively and have been the subject of multiple theories and models: the lipid raft theory, the fence model, and the protein oligomerization theory. Strong evidence exists for all of these, and consequently they were combined into a hierarchal model. Measurements of protein and lipid diffusion coefficients and patterns have been instrumental in plasma membrane research and by extension in nano-domain research. This has led to the development of multiple methodologies that can measure diffusion and confinement parameters including single particle tracking, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, image correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Here we review the performance and strengths of these methods in the context of their use in identification and characterization of plasma membrane nano-domains.
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Comorbidities of HIV infection: role of Nef-induced impairment of cholesterol metabolism and lipid raft functionality. AIDS 2020; 34:1-13. [PMID: 31789888 PMCID: PMC6903377 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy has dramatically changed the outcome of HIV infection, turning it from a death sentence to a manageable chronic disease. However, comorbidities accompanying HIV infection, such as metabolic and cardio-vascular diseases, as well as cognitive impairment, persist despite successful virus control by combination antiretroviral therapy and pose considerable challenges to clinical management of people living with HIV. These comorbidities involve a number of pathological processes affecting a variety of different tissues and cells, making it challenging to identify a common cause(s) that would link these different diseases to HIV infection. In this article, we will present evidence that impairment of cellular cholesterol metabolism may be a common factor driving pathogenesis of HIV-associated comorbidities. Potential implications for therapeutic approaches are discussed.
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20
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Schill RL, Knaack DA, Powers HR, Chen Y, Yang M, Schill DJ, Silverstein RL, Sahoo D. Modification of HDL by reactive aldehydes alters select cardioprotective functions of HDL in macrophages. FEBS J 2019; 287:695-707. [PMID: 31386799 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
While increased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol correlate with protection against cardiovascular disease, recent findings demonstrate that HDL function, rather than HDL-cholesterol levels, may be a better indicator of cardiovascular risk. One mechanism by which HDL function can be compromised is through modification by reactive aldehydes such as acrolein (Acro), 4-hydroxynonenal, and malondialdehyde (MDA). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that modification of HDL with reactive aldehydes would impair HDL's athero-protective functions in macrophages. Compared to native HDL, Acro- and MDA-modified HDL have impaired abilities to promote migration of primary peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL6/J mice. Incubation of macrophages with MDA-HDL also led to an increased ability to generate reactive oxygen species. Our studies revealed that the changes in HDL function following aldehyde modification are likely not through activation of canonical nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. Consistent with this finding, treatment of either noncholesterol-loaded macrophages or foam cells with modified forms of HDL does not lead to significant changes in expression levels of inflammatory markers. Importantly, our data also demonstrate that changes in HDL function are dependent on the type of modification present on the HDL particle. Our findings suggest that modification of HDL with reactive aldehydes can impair some, but not all, of HDL's athero-protective functions in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Darcy A Knaack
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hayley R Powers
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Moua Yang
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel J Schill
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Roy L Silverstein
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Wang Y, Liu J, Chen X, Sun H, Peng S, Kuang Y, Pi J, Zhuang T, Zhang L, Yu Z, Tomlinson B, Chan P, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li Y. Dysfunctional endothelial-derived microparticles promote inflammatory macrophage formation via NF-кB and IL-1β signal pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:476-486. [PMID: 30334371 PMCID: PMC6307808 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating endothelial-derived microparticles (EMPs) are reported to be increased in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, it remains unclear whether EMPs from dysfunctional endothelium participate in the initiation and progression of ACS and what the underlying mechanisms might be. METHODS Plasma EMPs were measured in 22 patients with ACS and 20 control patients without coronary artery diseases. EMPs from dysfunctional human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stressed by serum-starvation or hypoxia were compared to the EMPs from healthy HUVECs. Confocal and fluorescent microscopy was used to visualize the incorporation of EMPs into monocytes and the translocation of NF-кB. Monocyte adhesion, cell proliferation, and phagocytosis were detected by PKH26 red fluorescent labelling, Ki67 immunostaining, and Sudan IV staining for uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, respectively. RESULTS Plasma EMPs was significantly increased in ACS patients compared to controls. EMPs were incorporated into monocytes and EMPs from stressed HUVECs produced more pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to vehicle control, which was depended on NF-кB and IL-1β signal pathways. EMPs from dysfunctional endothelium promoted monocyte adherence via NF-кB and IL-1β-mediated MCP-1 and CCR-5 signals, as well as proliferation via the NF-кB and IL-1β-mediated Cyclin D1 signals. Finally, EMPs from dysfunctional endothelium showed greater promotion of macrophage phagocytosis forming foam cells to produce more pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION MPs might be involved in the inflammatory process in patients with ACS via NF-κB and IL-1β-dependent signals. Targeting EMP-mediated inflammatory responses may be a promising therapeutic strategy to limit the progression of disease in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yashu Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjiang Pi
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Brain Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yihan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Elia E, Montecucco F, Portincasa P, Sahebkar A, Mollazadeh H, Carbone F. Update on pathological platelet activation in coronary thrombosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2121-2133. [PMID: 30317596 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although coronary thrombosis (CT) is integral to cardiovascular outcomes, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. CT may occur in case of atherosclerotic plaque erosion/rupture, or even after stenting implantation. Platelets (PLT) activation is the keystone of atherothrombosis and depends on many dysregulated elements, including endothelial dysfunction, oxidized lipoproteins, and immune response. Besides the classical view of PLT as an effector of hemostatic response, a new repertoire of PLT activities is emerging. PLT lipidome oxidation is a self-maintaining process which promotes PLT reactivity, coagulation cascade, and inflammatory cell activation. PLT-innate immune cell interaction is also sustained by neutrophil extracellular traps and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. Other noteworthy emerging mechanisms are implicated in the crosstalk between PLT and surrounding cells. Especially, microvesicles (MVs) released from PLT may extend their signaling network far beyond the classical cell-cell interactions. Moreover, the recognition of noncoding RNA in PLT MVs introduce another layer of complexity in terms of intercellular signaling by a direct regulation of messenger RNA profile and gene expression in the recipient cells. The aim of this narrative review is to update the recent advance in CT and intracoronary stent thrombosis, including causal factors and potential translation of experimental evidence into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Elia
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 10 Largo Benzi, Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri," University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Federico Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Targeting CD36 as Biomarker for Metastasis Prognostic: How Far from Translation into Clinical Practice? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7801202. [PMID: 30069479 PMCID: PMC6057354 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7801202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis requires cellular changes related to cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion, immune surveillance, activation of growth and survival signalling pathways, and epigenetic modifications. In addition to tumour cells, tumour stroma is also modified in relationship to the primary tumour as well as to distant metastatic sites (forming a metastatic niche). A common denominator of most stromal partners in tumour progression is CD36, a scavenger receptor for fatty acid uptake that modulates cell-to-extracellular matrix attachment, stromal cell fate (for adipocytes, endothelial cells), TGFβ activation, and immune signalling. CD36 has been repeatedly proposed as a prognostic marker in various cancers, mostly of epithelial origin (breast, prostate, ovary, and colon) and also for hepatic carcinoma and gliomas. Data gathered in preclinical models of various cancers have shown that blocking CD36 might prove beneficial in stopping metastasis spread. However, targeting the receptor in clinical trials with thrombospondin mimetic peptides has proven ineffective, and monoclonal antibodies are not yet available for patient use. This review presents data to support CD36 as a potential prognostic biomarker in cancer, its current stage towards achieving bona fide biomarker status, and knowledge gaps that must be filled before further advancement towards clinical practice.
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Kurano M, Darestani SG, Shinnakasu A, Yamamoto K, Dochi Y, Uemura K, Ikeda Y, Kikuchi A, Hashiguchi H, Deguchi T, Nishio Y. mRNA expression of platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with albuminuria and vascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 136:124-133. [PMID: 29247656 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Renal dysfunction in addition to diabetes is a serious risk factor for cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that some of the changes in gene expression in blood cells cause renal dysfunction and macrovascular disease through impaired endothelial function. This study aimed to define which changes in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are related to renal function parameters and endothelial function of large arteries in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We recruited 95 patients with T2DM. After matching for gender, age, BMI and HbA1c levels, the patient cohort included 42 with normoalbuminuria, 28 with microalbuminuria, and 25 with macroalbuminuria. All patients in the three groups were assessed for urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and mRNA expression in PBMCs. RESULTS The mRNA expression of platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) differed most markedly between the three groups and was significantly higher in the macroalbuminuric group (p < 0.001 vs. normoalbuminuric group; p < 0.05 vs. microalbuminuric group). PAFR mRNA expression significantly correlated with log transformed ACR (ρ = 0.424, p < 0.001) but not eGFR. PAFR mRNA expression also had a significant negative correlation with FMD (ρ = -0.379, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of macrovascular complications, particularly stroke, was significantly higher in patients with elevated PAFR mRNA expression in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS PAFR overexpression in PBMCs may link diabetic nephropathy to macroangiopathy through impairment of endothelial function in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Kurano
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Sahar Ghavidel Darestani
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinnakasu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Yamamoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yukari Dochi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kayo Uemura
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashiguchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takahisa Deguchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nishio
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
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25
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Winkler PM, Regmi R, Flauraud V, Brugger J, Rigneault H, Wenger J, García-Parajo MF. Optical Antenna-Based Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy to Probe the Nanoscale Dynamics of Biological Membranes. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:110-119. [PMID: 29240442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane of living cells is compartmentalized at multiple spatial scales ranging from the nano- to the mesoscale. This nonrandom organization is crucial for a large number of cellular functions. At the nanoscale, cell membranes organize into dynamic nanoassemblies enriched by cholesterol, sphingolipids, and certain types of proteins. Investigating these nanoassemblies known as lipid rafts is of paramount interest in fundamental cell biology. However, this goal requires simultaneous nanometer spatial precision and microsecond temporal resolution, which is beyond the reach of common microscopes. Optical antennas based on metallic nanostructures efficiently enhance and confine light into nanometer dimensions, breaching the diffraction limit of light. In this Perspective, we discuss recent progress combining optical antennas with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to monitor microsecond dynamics at nanoscale spatial dimensions. These new developments offer numerous opportunities to investigate lipid and protein dynamics in both mimetic and native biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamina M Winkler
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raju Regmi
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel , Marseille, France
| | - Valentin Flauraud
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Brugger
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Rigneault
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel , Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Wenger
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel , Marseille, France
| | - María F García-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA , Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Sezgin E, Levental I, Mayor S, Eggeling C. The mystery of membrane organization: composition, regulation and roles of lipid rafts. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:361-374. [PMID: 28356571 PMCID: PMC5500228 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1260] [Impact Index Per Article: 180.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular plasma membranes are laterally heterogeneous, featuring a variety of distinct subcompartments that differ in their biophysical properties and composition. A large number of studies have focused on understanding the basis for this heterogeneity and its physiological relevance. The membrane raft hypothesis formalized a physicochemical principle for a subtype of such lateral membrane heterogeneity, in which the preferential associations between cholesterol and saturated lipids drive the formation of relatively packed (or ordered) membrane domains that selectively recruit certain lipids and proteins. Recent studies have yielded new insights into this mechanism and its relevance in vivo, owing primarily to the development of improved biochemical and biophysical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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27
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Wei P, Sun FD, Zuo LM, Qu J, Chen P, Xu LD, Luo SZ. Critical residues and motifs for homodimerization of the first transmembrane domain of the plasma membrane glycoprotein CD36. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8683-8693. [PMID: 28336533 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.779595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma transmembrane (TM) glycoprotein CD36 is critically involved in many essential signaling processes, especially the binding/uptake of long-chain fatty acids and oxidized low-density lipoproteins. The association of CD36 potentially activates cytosolic protein tyrosine kinases that are thought to associate with the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of CD36. To understand the mechanisms by which CD36 mediates ligand binding and signal transduction, we have characterized the homo-oligomeric interaction of CD36 TM domains in membrane environments and with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Analysis of pyrene- and coumarin-labeled TM1 peptides in SDS by FRET confirmed the homodimerization of the CD36 TM1 peptide. Homodimerization assays of CD36 TM domains with the TOXCAT technique showed that its first TM (TM1) domain, but not the second TM (TM2) domain, could homodimerize in a cell membrane. Small-residue, site-specific mutation scanning revealed that the CD36 TM1 dimerization is mediated by the conserved small residues Gly12, Gly16, Ala20, and Gly23 Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies demonstrated that CD36 TM1 exhibited a switching dimerization with two right-handed packing modes driven by the 12GXXXGXXXA20 and 20AXXG23 motifs, and the mutational effect of G16I and G23I revealed these representative conformations of CD36 TM1. This packing switch pattern of CD36 TM1 homodimer was further examined and confirmed by FRET analysis of monobromobimane (mBBr)-labeled CD36 TM1 peptides. Overall, this work provides a structural basis for understanding the role of TM association in regulating signal transduction via CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,the School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China, and
| | - Fu-de Sun
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li-Min Zuo
- the Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Qu
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Chen
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li-da Xu
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Luo
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China,
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28
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Helkin A, Stein JJ, Lin S, Siddiqui S, Maier KG, Gahtan V. Dyslipidemia Part 1--Review of Lipid Metabolism and Vascular Cell Physiology. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2016; 50:107-18. [PMID: 26983667 DOI: 10.1177/1538574416628654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, more specifically, high-serum low-density lipoproteins and low-serum high-density lipoproteins, are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The current clinical treatment of dyslipidemia represents the outcome of a large body of fundamental basic science research on lipids, lipid metabolism, and the effects of different lipids on cellular components of the artery, inflammatory cells, and platelets. In general, lower density lipids activate intracellular pathways to increase local and systemic inflammation, monocyte adhesion, endothelial cell dysfunction and apoptosis, and smooth muscle cell proliferation, resulting in foam cell formation and genesis of atherosclerotic plaque. In contrast, higher density lipids prevent or attenuate atherosclerosis. This article is part 1 of a 2-part review, with part 1 focusing on lipid metabolism and the downstream effects of lipids on the development of atherosclerosis, and part 2 on the clinical treatment of dyslipidemia and the role of these drugs for patients with arterial disease exclusive of the coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Helkin
- Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jeffery J Stein
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Stacey Lin
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sufyan Siddiqui
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kristopher G Maier
- Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Vivian Gahtan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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PAFR activation of NF-κB p65 or p105 precursor dictates pro- and anti-inflammatory responses during TLR activation in murine macrophages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32092. [PMID: 27554194 PMCID: PMC4995467 DOI: 10.1038/srep32092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in many diseases. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in shaping innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we investigated whether PAFR signaling changes the macrophages responsiveness to agonists of TLR2 (Pam3Cys), TLR4 (LPS), and TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C). Exogenous PAF inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12p40, IL-6, and TNF-α) and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 in macrophages challenged with Pam3Cys and LPS, but not with Poly (I:C). PAF did not affect mRNA expression of MyD88, suggesting that PAF acts downstream the adaptor. PAF inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and increased NF-κB p105 phosphorylation, which is processed in the proteasome to generate p50 subunit. The PAF potentiation of IL-10 production was dependent on proteasome processing but independent of NF-κB transactivation domain. Inhibition of p50 abolished the PAF-induced IL-10 production. These findings indicate that the impaired transcriptional activity of the p65 subunit and the enhanced p105 phosphorylation induced by PAF are responsible for down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and up regulation of IL-10, respectively, in LPS-challenged macrophages. Together, our data unveil a heretofore unrecognized role for PAFR in modulating activation of NF-κB in macrophages.
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30
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Vurusaner B, Leonarduzzi G, Gamba P, Poli G, Basaga H. Oxysterols and mechanisms of survival signaling. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 49:8-22. [PMID: 27017897 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols, a family of oxidation products of cholesterol, are increasingly drawing attention of scientists to their multifaceted biochemical properties, several of them of clear relevance to human pathophysiology. Taken up by cells through both vesicular and non-vesicular ways or often generated intracellularly, oxysterols contribute to modulate not only the inflammatory and immunological response but also cell viability, metabolism and function by modulating several signaling pathways. Moreover, they have been recognized as elective ligands for the most important nuclear receptors. The outcome of such a complex network of intracellular reactions promoted by these cholesterol oxidation products appears to be largely dependent not only on the type of cells, the dynamic conditions of the cellular and tissue environment but also on the concentration of the oxysterols. Here focus has been given to the cascade of molecular events exerted by relatively low concentrations of certain oxysterols that elicit survival and functional signals in the cells, with the aim to contribute to further expand the knowledge about the biological and physiological potential of the biochemical reactions triggered and modulated by oxysterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Vurusaner
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Paola Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Huveyda Basaga
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey.
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31
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PAFR in adipose tissue macrophages is associated with anti-inflammatory phenotype and metabolic homoeostasis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:601-12. [PMID: 26785675 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is associated with adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage infiltration. PAFR (platelet-activating factor receptor) is expressed in several cell types and binds to PAF (platelet-activating factor) and oxidized phospholipids. Engagement of PAFR in macrophages drives them towards the anti-inflammatory phenotype. In the present study, we investigated whether genetic deficiency of PAFR affects the phenotype of ATMs (adipose tissue macrophages) and its effect on glucose and insulin metabolism. PARFKO (PAFR-knockout) and WT (wild-type) mice were fed on an SD (standard diet) or an HFD (high-fat diet). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed by blood monitoring. ATMs were evaluated by FACS for phenotypic markers. Gene and protein expression was investigated by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and Western blotting respectively. Results showed that the epididymal adipose tissue of PAFRKO mice had increased gene expression of Ccr7, Nos2, Il6 and Il12, associated with pro-inflammatory mediators, and reduced expression of the anti-inflammatory Il10. Moreover, the adipose tissue of PAFRKO mice presented more pro-inflammatory macrophages, characterized by an increased frequency of F4/80(+)CD11c(+) cells. Blood monocytes of PAFRKO mice also exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype (increased frequency of Ly6C(+) cells) and PAFR ligands were detected in the serum of both PAFRKO and WT mice. Regarding metabolic parameters, compared with WT, PAFRKO mice had: (i) higher weight gain and serum glucose concentration levels; (ii) decreased insulin-stimulated glucose disappearance; (iii) insulin resistance in the liver; (iv) increased expression of Ldlr in the liver. In mice fed on an HFD, some of these changes were potentiated, particularly in the liver. Thus it seems that endogenous ligands of PAFR are responsible for maintaining the anti-inflammatory profile of blood monocytes and ATMs under physiological conditions. In the absence of PAFR signalling, monocytes and macrophages acquire a pro-inflammatory phenotype, resulting in adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
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32
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Suica VI, Uyy E, Boteanu RM, Ivan L, Antohe F. Alteration of actin dependent signaling pathways associated with membrane microdomains in hyperlipidemia. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:30. [PMID: 26628893 PMCID: PMC4666118 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Membrane microdomains represent dynamic membrane nano-assemblies enriched in signaling molecules suggesting their active involvement in not only physiological but also pathological molecular processes. The hyperlipidemic stress is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis, but its exact mechanisms of action at the membrane microdomains level remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to determine whether membrane-cytoskeleton proteome in the pulmonary tissue could be modulated by the hyperlipidemic stress, a major risk factor of atherosclerosis. Results High resolution mass spectrometry based proteomics analysis was performed for detergent resistant membrane microdomains isolated from lung homogenates of control, ApoE deficient and statin treated ApoE deficient mice. The findings of the study allowed the identification with high confidence of 1925 proteins, 291 of which were found significantly altered by the modified genetic background, by the statin treatment or both conditions. Principal component analysis revealed a proximal partitioning of the biological replicates, but also a distinct spatial scattering of the sample groups, highlighting different quantitative profiles. The statistical significant over-representation of Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, Focal adhesion and Adherens junction Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathways was demonstrated through bioinformatics analysis. The three inter-relation maps comprised 29 of regulated proteins, proving membrane-cytoskeleton coupling targeting and alteration by hyperlipidemia and/or statin treatment. Conclusions The findings of the study allowed the identification with high confidence of the main proteins modulated by the hyperlipidemic stress involved in the actin-dependent pathways. Our study provides the basis for future work probing how the protein activities at the membrane-cytoskeleton interface are dependent upon genetic induced hyperlipidemia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-015-0087-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel-Iulian Suica
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", 8 BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Uyy
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", 8 BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Maria Boteanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", 8 BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Ivan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", 8 BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Felicia Antohe
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", 8 BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
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Chen J, Lan T, Zhang W, Dong L, Kang N, Zhang S, Fu M, Liu B, Liu K, Zhan Q. Feed-Forward Reciprocal Activation of PAFR and STAT3 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4198-210. [PMID: 26359459 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), a G-protein-coupled receptor, has been implicated in tumorigenesis, but its contributions to metastatic progression have not been investigated. Here, we show that PAFR is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as in breast, colorectal, and gastric carcinomas. Expression of PAFR correlates closely with clinical stages, survival time, and distant metastasis. In human NSCLC cells, activation of the PAF/PAFR signaling axis accentuated malignant character, including by stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In contrast, silencing PAFR in aggressive NSCLC cells inhibited these effects. Mechanistic investigations showed that PAFR stimulated EMT by activating STAT3 via upregulation of G-protein-dependent SRC or JAK2 kinase activity. Notably, STAT3 transcriptionally elevated PAFR expression. Thus, activation of PAFR in NSCLC cells initiated a forward feedback loop responsible for mediating the aggressive malignant character of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Reinforcing this reciprocal activation loop, PAF/PAFR signaling also upregulated IL6 expression and thereby STAT3 activation. Overall, our results elucidated an important role for PAFR dysregulation in the pathogenicity of NSCLC and unraveled a forward feedback loop between PAFR and STAT3 that acts to drive the malignant progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital; Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangtai Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Makino J, Nii M, Kamiya T, Hara H, Adachi T. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein accelerates the destabilization of extracellular-superoxide dismutase mRNA during foam cell formation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 575:54-60. [PMID: 25906743 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is one of the main anti-oxidative enzymes that protect cells against the damaging effects of superoxide. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of EC-SOD expression during the oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced foam cell formation of THP-1-derived macrophages. The uptake of oxLDL into THP-1-derived macrophages was increased and EC-SOD expression was decreased in a time-dependent manner by oxLDL. Furthermore, EC-SOD suppression by oxLDL was mediated by the binding to scavenger receptors, especially CD36, from the results with siRNA experience. EC-SOD expression is known to be regulated by histone acetylation and binding of the transcription factor Sp1/3 to the EC-SOD promoter region in human cell lines. However, oxLDL did not affect these processes. On the other hand, the stability of EC-SOD mRNA was decreased by oxLDL. Moreover, oxLDL promoted destabilization of ectopically expressed mRNA from EC-SOD or chimeric Cu,Zn-SOD gene with the sequence corresponding to 3'UTR of EC-SOD mRNA, whereas oxLDL had no effect on ectopic mRNA produced from EC-SOD gene lacking the sequence. These results suggested that oxLDL decreased the expression of EC-SOD, which, in turn, accelerated the destabilization of EC-SOD mRNA, leading to weaker protection against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Makino
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nii
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Oxidized low-density lipoprotein contributes to atherogenesis via co-activation of macrophages and mast cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123088. [PMID: 25811595 PMCID: PMC4374860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, due to its role in endothelial dysfunction and foam cell formation. Tissue-resident cells such as macrophages and mast cells release inflammatory mediators upon activation that in turn cause endothelial activation and monocyte adhesion. Two of these mediators are tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, produced by macrophages, and histamine, produced by mast cells. Static and microfluidic flow experiments were conducted to determine the number of adherent monocytes on vascular endothelium activated by supernatants of oxLDL-treated macrophages and mast cells or directly by oxLDL. The expression of adhesion molecules on activated endothelial cells and the concentration of TNF-α and histamine in the supernatants were measured by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. A low dose of oxLDL (8 μg/ml), below the threshold for the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease, was sufficient to activate both macrophages and mast cells and synergistically increase monocyte-endothelium adhesion via released TNF-α and histamine. The direct exposure of endothelial cells to a much higher dose of oxLDL (80 μg/ml) had less effect on monocyte adhesion than the indirect activation via oxLDL-treated macrophages and mast cells. The results of this work indicate that the co-activation of macrophages and mast cells by oxLDL is an important mechanism for the endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. The observed synergistic effect suggests that both macrophages and mast cells play a significant role in early stages of atherosclerosis. Allergic patients with a lipid-rich diet may be at high risk for cardiovascular events due to high concentration of low-density lipoprotein and histamine in arterial vessel walls.
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Rojas J, Salazar J, Martínez MS, Palmar J, Bautista J, Chávez-Castillo M, Gómez A, Bermúdez V. Macrophage Heterogeneity and Plasticity: Impact of Macrophage Biomarkers on Atherosclerosis. SCIENTIFICA 2015; 2015:851252. [PMID: 26491604 PMCID: PMC4600540 DOI: 10.1155/2015/851252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global epidemic, currently representing the worldwide leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis is the fundamental pathophysiologic component of CVD, where the immune system plays an essential role. Monocytes and macrophages are key mediators in this aspect: due to their heterogeneity and plasticity, these cells may act as either pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators. Indeed, monocytes may develop heterogeneous functional phenotypes depending on the predominating pro- or anti-inflammatory microenvironment within the lesion, resulting in classic, intermediate, and non-classic monocytes, each with strikingly differing features. Similarly, macrophages may also adopt heterogeneous profiles being mainly M1 and M2, the former showing a proinflammatory profile while the latter demonstrates anti-inflammatory traits; they are further subdivided in several subtypes with more specialized functions. Furthermore, macrophages may display plasticity by dynamically shifting between phenotypes in response to specific signals. Each of these distinct cell profiles is associated with diverse biomarkers which may be exploited for therapeutic intervention, including IL-10, IL-13, PPAR-γ, LXR, NLRP3 inflammasomes, and microRNAs. Direct modulation of the molecular pathways concerning these potential macrophage-related targets represents a promising field for new therapeutic alternatives in atherosclerosis and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
- Endocrinology Department, Maracaibo University Hospital, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
- *Joselyn Rojas:
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - María Sofía Martínez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Jim Palmar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Jordan Bautista
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Alexis Gómez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
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Montezano AC, Nguyen Dinh Cat A, Rios FJ, Touyz RM. Angiotensin II and vascular injury. Curr Hypertens Rep 2014; 16:431. [PMID: 24760441 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular injury, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, structural remodelling, inflammation and fibrosis, plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. Cellular processes underlying this include altered vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth/apoptosis, fibrosis, increased contractility and vascular calcification. Associated with these events is VSMC differentiation and phenotypic switching from a contractile to a proliferative/secretory phenotype. Inflammation, associated with macrophage infiltration and increased expression of redox-sensitive pro-inflammatory genes, also contributes to vascular remodelling. Among the many factors involved in vascular injury is Ang II. Ang II, previously thought to be the sole biologically active downstream peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is converted to smaller peptides, [Ang III, Ang IV, Ang-(1-7)], that are functional and that modulate vascular tone and structure. The actions of Ang II are mediated via signalling pathways activated upon binding to AT1R and AT2R. AT1R activation induces effects through PLC-IP3-DAG, MAP kinases, tyrosine kinases, tyrosine phosphatases and RhoA/Rho kinase. Ang II elicits many of its (patho)physiological actions by stimulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through activation of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox). ROS in turn influence redox-sensitive signalling molecules. Here we discuss the role of Ang II in vascular injury, focusing on molecular mechanisms and cellular processes. Implications in vascular remodelling, inflammation, calcification and atherosclerosis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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38
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Shaw DJ, Seese R, Ponnambalam S, Ajjan R. The role of lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 in vascular pathology. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2014; 11:410-8. [PMID: 25216847 DOI: 10.1177/1479164114547704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a vascular scavenger receptor that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic disease, which remains the main cause of mortality in the Western population. Recent evidence indicates that targeting LOX-1 represents a credible strategy for the management vascular disease and the current review explores the role of this molecule in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. LOX-1-mediated pro-atherogenic effects can be inhibited by anti-LOX-1 monoclonal antibodies and procyanidins, whereas downregulation of LOX-1 expression has been achieved by antisense oligonucleotides and a specific pyrrole-imidazole polyamide. Furthermore, LOX-1 can be utilised for plaque imaging using monoclonal antibodies and even the selective delivery of anti-atherosclerotic agents employing immunoliposome techniques. Also, plasma levels of the circulating soluble form of LOX-1 levels are elevated in atherosclerosis and therefore may constitute an additional diagnostic biomarker of vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel James Shaw
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rachel Seese
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ramzi Ajjan
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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39
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Park YM. CD36, a scavenger receptor implicated in atherosclerosis. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e99. [PMID: 24903227 PMCID: PMC4081553 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD36 is a membrane glycoprotein that is present on various types of cells, including monocytes, macrophages, microvascular endothelial cells, adipocytes and platelets. Macrophage CD36 participates in atherosclerotic arterial lesion formation through its interaction with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), which triggers signaling cascades for inflammatory responses. CD36 functions in oxLDL uptake and foam cell formation, which is the initial critical stage of atherosclerosis. In addition, oxLDL via CD36 inhibits macrophage migration, which may be a macrophage-trapping mechanism in atherosclerotic lesions. The role of CD36 was examined in in vitro studies and in vivo experiments, which investigated various functions of CD36 in atherosclerosis and revealed that CD36 deficiency reduces atherosclerotic lesion formation. Platelet CD36 also promotes atherosclerotic inflammatory processes and is involved in thrombus formation after atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Because CD36 is an essential component of atherosclerosis, defining the function of CD36 and its corresponding signaling pathway may lead to a new treatment strategy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Global Top 5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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40
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Correa-Costa M, Andrade-Oliveira V, Braga TT, Castoldi A, Aguiar CF, Origassa CST, Rodas ACD, Hiyane MI, Malheiros DMAC, Rios FJO, Jancar S, Câmara NOS. Activation of platelet-activating factor receptor exacerbates renal inflammation and promotes fibrosis. J Transl Med 2014; 94:455-66. [PMID: 24492283 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a lipid mediator with important pro-inflammatory effects, being synthesized by several cell types including kidney cells. Although there is evidence of its involvement in acute renal dysfunction, its role in progressive kidney injury is not completely known. In the present study, we investigated the role of PAF receptor (PAFR) in an experimental model of chronic renal disease. Wild-type (WT) and PAFR knockout (KO) mice underwent unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO), and at kill time, urine and kidney tissue was collected. PAFR KO animals compared with WT mice present: (a) less renal dysfunction, evaluated by urine protein/creatinine ratio; (b) less fibrosis evaluated by collagen deposition, type I collagen, Lysyl Oxidase-1 (LOX-1) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) gene expression, and higher expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) (3.3-fold lower TGF-β/BMP-7 ratio); (c) downregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion molecule-related machinery genes; and (d) lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These indicate that PAFR engagement by PAF or PAF-like molecules generated during UUO potentiates renal dysfunction and fibrosis and might promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Also, early blockade of PAFR after UUO leads to a protective effect, with less fibrosis deposition. In conclusion, PAFR signaling contributes to a pro-inflammatory environment in the model of obstructive nephropathy, favoring the fibrotic process, which lately will generate renal dysfunction and progressive organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Correa-Costa
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarcio T Braga
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristhiane F Aguiar
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea C D Rodas
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meire I Hiyane
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco J O Rios
- 1] Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil [2] British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sonia Jancar
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- 1] Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil [2] Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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