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Wang Z, Hu K, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Zhao P, Li X, Ding F, Liu C, Yi S, Ren Z, Liu W, Ma B. Remodeling and Regenerative Properties of Fully Absorbable Meshes for Abdominal Wall Defect Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3968-3983. [PMID: 38788683 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Fully absorbable meshes can repair abdominal wall defects and effectively reduce the incidence of complications, but different types of fully absorbable meshes have different remodeling and regeneration effects. In order to investigate and compare the effects of different fully absorbable meshes on remodeling and regeneration in animals and reduce the biological risk of clinical translation, SYRCLE was adopted to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies, and GRADE and ConQual were used to evaluate the quality of evidence. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 22 studies related to fully absorbable meshes were included in this systematic review. These results showed that fiber-based synthetic materials and fiber-based natural materials exhibited better restorative and regenerative effects indicated by infiltration and neovascularization, when compared with a porcine acellular dermal matrix. In addition, the human acellular dermal matrix was found to have a similar regenerative effect on the host extracellular matrix and scaffold degradation compared to the porcine acellular dermal matrix, porcine intestinal submucosa, and fiber-based natural materials, but it offered higher tensile strength than the other three. The quality of the evidence in this field was found to be poor. The reasons for downgrading were analyzed, and recommendations for future research included more rigor in study design, more transparency in result reporting, more standardization of animal models and follow-up time for better evaluation of the remodeling and regenerative performance of abdominal wall hernia repair meshes, and less biological risk in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kaiyan Hu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanbiao Jiang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingzhi Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Fengxing Ding
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shaowei Yi
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ziyu Ren
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Srivastava A, Nogueras-Gonzalez GM, Geng Y, Singh J, Myers JN, Li Y, Chambers MS. Oral Toxicities Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Meta-Analyses of Clinical Trials. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2024; 7:24-40. [PMID: 38327757 PMCID: PMC10846637 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-23-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment; however, their oral toxicity profile is not well elucidated. This review aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral toxicities including xerostomia, mucositis/stomatitis, dysgeusia, dysphagia, oral/oropharyngeal pain, oral infections, angular cheilitis, osteonecrosis, osteomyelitis, and oral mucosal reactions with ICIs. A review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023391674). A systematic search of ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted as of April 10, 2022. Studies were selected, assessed, and data extracted using PRISMA guidelines. Oral toxicity data were extracted from study arms using a single immunotherapy drug. Meta-analyses were conducted to summarize prevalence of oral toxicities using random-effects models. Of 750 screened records, 95 trials were included in the meta-analysis with published results. Time between study completion and first publication on ClinicalTrials.gov was 1 to 146 months (mean = 20.3, SD = 18.4). Weighted pooled prevalence was 5% (95% CI: 4-6%) for xerostomia, 3% (95% CI: 3-4%) for mucositis/stomatitis, 3% (95% CI: 2-3%) for dysgeusia, 2% (95% CI: 1-2%) for dysphagia, 3% (95% CI: 2-4%) for oropharyngeal/oral pain, 2% (95% CI: 1-3%) for oral candidiasis, and 2% (95% CI: 0-4%) for angular cheilitis. Subgroup differences based on ICI drugs were minimal. No trials reported lichenoid or pemphigoid mucosal reactions. Meta-analysis results revealed low prevalence of oral toxicities with ICIs; however, data reporting was limited and inconsistent. Limitations of study dataset reveal a significant need for systematic collection of oral morbidity data as well as improved consistency and compliance of reporting results on ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Srivastava
- Craniofacial Center, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Graciela M. Nogueras-Gonzalez
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Basic Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yimin Geng
- Research Medical Library, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jasdev Singh
- DMD-1 student, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yisheng Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Basic Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark S. Chambers
- Section of Oral Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Jattin-Balcázar JJ, Quiroga-Ramírez PA. Cardiac Toxicity in the Treatment of Light Chain Amyloidosis: Systematic Review of Clinical Studies. Curr Drug Saf 2024; 19:444-454. [PMID: 38204273 DOI: 10.2174/0115748863264472231227060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a progressive and a fatal disease that primarily affects cardiac tissue. Although the current approach to anti-amyloidosis treatments has managed to reduce amyloidosis morbimortality, the dynamics of cardiac adverse events are unknown. OBJECTIVE to provide evidence about reported cardiac toxicity during treatment of AL amyloidosis through a systematic review of the literature. METHODS A search was performed for registered clinical trials on ClinicalTrials.gov filtered for AL amyloidosis up to December 31, 2022. Studies were filtered by those that reported intervention in patients with AL amyloidosis and that had reported adverse events. The type of study, the intervention performed, and the frequency of reported cardiac adverse events were discriminated from each trial. RESULTS 25 clinical trials were analyzed, representing a population of 1,542 patients, among whom 576 (38.95%) adverse events were reported, 326 being serious (SAE) and 242 nonserious (nSAE). The most frequent SAEs were cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation, and cardiac arrest, while the most frequent nSAEs were palpitations, atrial fibrillation, and sinus tachycardia. CONCLUSION cardiac toxicity during treatment for amyloidosis seems common, and it is important to evaluate the relationship of therapies with its occurrence.
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Lora D, García-Reyne A, Lalueza A, Maestro de la Calle G, Ruíz-Ruigómez M, Calderón EJ, Menéndez-Orenga M. Characteristics of clinical trials of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus registered in ClinicalTrials.gov between 2014 and 2021. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1171975. [PMID: 37841720 PMCID: PMC10569070 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1171975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The randomized clinical trial (RCT) is the ideal and mandatory type of study to verify the effect and safety of a drug. Our aim is to examine the fundamental characteristics of interventional clinical trials on influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This is a cross-sectional study of RCTs on influenza and RSV in humans between 2014 and 2021 registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. A total of 516 studies were identified: 94 for RSV, 423 for influenza, and 1 for both viruses. There were 51 RCTs of RSV vaccines (54.3%) and 344 (81.3%) for influenza virus vaccines (p < 0.001). Twelve (12.8%) RCTs for RSV were conducted only with women, and 6 were conducted only with pregnant women; for RCTs for influenza, 4 (0.9%) and 3, respectively. For RSV, 29 (31%) of the RCTs were exclusive to people under 5 years of age, and 21 (5%) for influenza virus (p < 0.001). For RSV, there are no RCTs exclusively for people older than or equal to 65 years and no phase 4 trials. RCTs on influenza virus and RSV has focused on vaccines. For the influenza virus, research has been consolidated, and for RSV, research is still in the development phase and directed at children and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lora
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Clinical Research Network (SCReN), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Estudios Estadísticos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García-Reyne
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Lalueza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Maestro de la Calle
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ruíz-Ruigómez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique J Calderón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Menéndez-Orenga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Centro de Salud La Ventilla, Madrid, Spain
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Wang A, Xiu X, Liu S, Qian Q, Wu S. Characteristics of Artificial Intelligence Clinical Trials in the Field of Healthcare: A Cross-Sectional Study on ClinicalTrials.gov. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13691. [PMID: 36294269 PMCID: PMC9602501 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has driven innovative transformation in healthcare service patterns, despite a lack of understanding of its performance in clinical practice. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of AI-related trials in healthcare based on ClinicalTrials.gov, intending to investigate the trial characteristics and AI's development status. Additionally, the Neo4j graph database and visualization technology were employed to construct an AI technology application graph, achieving a visual representation and analysis of research hotspots in healthcare AI. A total of 1725 eligible trials that were registered in ClinicalTrials.gov up to 31 March 2022 were included in this study. The number of trial registrations has dramatically grown each year since 2016. However, the AI-related trials had some design drawbacks and problems with poor-quality result reporting. The proportion of trials with prospective and randomized designs was insufficient, and most studies did not report results upon completion. Currently, most healthcare AI application studies are based on data-driven learning algorithms, covering various disease areas and healthcare scenarios. As few studies have publicly reported results on ClinicalTrials.gov, there is not enough evidence to support an assessment of AI's actual performance. The widespread implementation of AI technology in healthcare still faces many challenges and requires more high-quality prospective clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sizhu Wu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-5232-8760
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Dinu M, Pagliai G, Del Bo' C, Porrini M, Riso P, Serafini M, Sofi F, Martini D, Angelino D. DIet and Health From reGIstered Trials on ClinicalTrials.gov: The DIGIT Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:870776. [PMID: 35548571 PMCID: PMC9083457 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.870776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical trial registration has become a valuable tool that can be used to track the status and nature of trials conducted on a specific topic. This approach has been applied to many areas of research, but less is known about the characteristics and trends over time of clinical trials focused on diet and health. The aim of this study was to analyze diet-related clinical trials registered on the National Institute of Health “ClinicalTrials.gov” web platform in the last 10 years, to list and describe their characteristics, and to identify possible gaps to be filled in the future research. Methods A search was performed on the ClinicalTrials.gov database. Intervention studies registered from January 2010 to December 2020, conducted on adults, with a follow-up of ≥2 weeks, evaluating the impact of different diets on all outcomes except those assessed with scales or questionnaires were considered. Results At the end of the selection process, a total of 1,016 registered clinical trials were identified and included in the analysis. The most investigated dietary approaches were balanced diets (n = 381 trials), followed by those based on a modification of macronutrients (n = 288) and time-restricted feeding and intermittent fasting diets (n = 140). The main measured outcomes included anthropometric parameters and body composition (57.8%), glycemic control parameters (49.7%), lipid parameters (40.1%), inflammatory markers (29.1%), and blood pressure and/or heart rate (24.5%). A growing body of studies also focused on microbiota and host metabolism (17.8%). Most studies had a duration of less than 12 weeks (~60%), and more than 90% of studies enrolled volunteers with overweight/obesity or other diseases. Regarding aging, only 21 studies focused only on older adults. Conclusion The number of studies investigating the relationship between diet and health has increased over the years. Despite the growing interest in the topic, there are some gaps, such as the limited duration of most trials, the underrepresentation of some population groups, and the limited number of studies for some diets that, although popular in the population, lack robust scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuditta Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Angelino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Clinical trials and tribulations: lessons from spinal cord injury studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Spinal Cord 2021; 59:1256-1260. [PMID: 34480090 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Article. OBJECTIVE ClinicalTrials.gov is an online trial registry that provides public access to information on past, present, and future clinical trials. While increasing transparency in research, the quality of the information provided in trial registrations is highly variable. The objective of this study is to assess key areas of information on ClinicalTrials.gov in interventional trials involving people with spinal cord injuries. SETTING Interventional trials on ClinicalTrials.gov involving people with spinal cord injuries. METHODS A subset of data on interventional spinal cord injury trials was downloaded from ClinicalTrials.gov. Reviewers extracted information pertaining to study type, injury etiology, spinal cord injury characteristics, timing, study status, and results. RESULTS Of the interventional trial registrations reviewed, 62.5%, 58.6%, and 24.3% reported injury level, severity, and etiology, respectively. The timing of intervention relative to injury was reported in 72.8% of registrations. Most trials identified a valid study status (89.2%), but only 23.5% of those completed studies had posted results. CONCLUSIONS Our review provides a snapshot of interventional clinical trials conducted in the field of spinal cord injury and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Areas for improvement were identified with regards to reporting injury characteristics, as well as posting results.
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Wao H, Wang Y, Wao MA, Were JA. Factors associated with North-South research collaboration focusing on HIV/AIDS: lessons from ClinicalTrials.gov. AIDS Res Ther 2021; 18:54. [PMID: 34433475 PMCID: PMC8385695 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-021-00376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A North-South (N-S) research collaboration is one way through which research capacity of developing countries can be strengthened. Whereas N-S collaboration in HIV/AIDS area may result in research capacity strengthening of Southern partners, it is not clear what factors are associated with this type of collaboration. The study aims to characterize N-S research collaboration focusing on HIV/AIDS and to determine factors associated with such N-S research collaborations. METHODS Clinical trial data on HIV/AIDS-related studies conducted between 2000 and 2019 were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov. Using these data, we characterized N-S collaborative studies focusing on HIV/AIDS and summarized them using frequencies and percentages. To determine factors associated with these studies, we used logistic regression and reported results as adjusted odds ratios with Wald 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of the 4,832 HIV/AIDS-related studies retrieved from the registry, less than one-quarter (n = 1133, 23%) involved a Southern institution, with 77% of these studies classified as N-S collaborations. Majority of these studies have single PI (50%), are conducted at single location (39%); have large sample sizes (41%); are federally-funded (32%) or receive funding from other sources (32%); are intervention studies (64%); and involve a mixture of male and female participants (58%) and adult participants (54%). Single PIs (as opposed to multiple PIs) were more likely to be from the North than South institution (odds ratio = 5.59, 95%CI: 4.16 - 11.57). Trend analyses showed that N-S research collaborations produced HIV/AIDS-related studies at a faster rate than S-S research collaborations. N-S collaborations involving female or children produced HIV/AIDS-related studies between 2000 and 2019 at a significantly faster rate than S-S collaborations involving females and children during the same period. Holding other factors constant, N-S collaborative research focusing on HIV/AIDS are associated with: multiple PIs as opposed to single PI, multiple institutions as opposed to a single institution, multiple locations as opposed to a single location, large number of participants as opposed to small sample sizes, and public funding as opposed to industry funding. Almost half of these studies had a Northern PI only, about one-third had a Southern PI only, and much fewer had PIs from both North and South. However, these studies were less likely to receive funding from other sources than industry funding. CONCLUSIONS HIV/AIDS-related research is increasingly becoming a more collaborative global research involving more N-S collaborations than S-S collaborations. Factors associated with N-S collaborative studies focusing on HIV/AIDS include multiple PIs, institutions, and locations; large sample sizes; publicly funded; and involve vulnerable populations such as women and children. Whereas almost half of these studies have a Northern PI only, about one-third have a Southern PI only, and much fewer have PIs from both North and South. Our results inform future design and implementation of N-S research collaborations in this area. Suggestions for improvement of ClinicalTrials.gov registry are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesborn Wao
- African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, P.O. Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yan Wang
- African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, P.O. Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, 3600 Market Street, 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 La Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Melvin A. Wao
- United States International University-Africa (USIU-Africa). Off USIU Road, Off Thika Road (Exit 7), P. O. Box 14634-00800, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Juliana A. Were
- The Management University of Africa (MUA), Popo Rd, Off Mombasa Road, Belleview, South C., P. O. Box 29677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Marino M, Del Bo’ C, Martini D, Porrini M, Riso P. A Review of Registered Clinical Trials on Dietary (Poly)Phenols: Past Efforts and Possible Future Directions. Foods 2020; 9:E1606. [PMID: 33158145 PMCID: PMC7694232 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing number of studies on polyphenol demonstrates the efforts in elucidating the potential role of these bioactives on human health. This study reviews the main topics and characteristics of clinical trials on polyphenols registered over the last 20 years, in order to track past and current efforts as well as to highlight the main research gaps in this field. The review was conducted by collecting trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov and International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry. Overall, 750 clinical trials were selected and included in the final evaluation. Most of the trials were performed on extracts or pure compounds followed by studies conducted on polyphenol-rich foods, in particular berries. A total of 520 clinical trials focused on health effects, 55 on bioavailability, and 175 on both. Regarding outcomes, 139 registered intervention studies had the lipid profile and blood pressure as primary outcomes. The overview provided by this analysis also emphasizes the emerging interest in new outcomes related to polyphenols intervention such as microbiota composition and the evaluation of inter-individual variability in response to the intake of polyphenols. Our review underlines the need of further trials covering unexplored or debated research aspects and provides insights for the design and development of future intervention studies and related research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.P.); (P.R.)
| | - Cristian Del Bo’
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.P.); (P.R.)
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.P.); (P.R.)
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.P.); (P.R.)
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.P.); (P.R.)
- CRC “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment (I-WE)”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Chen L, Wang M, Yang Y, Shen J, Zhang Y. Registered Interventional Clinical Trials for Old Populations With Infectious Diseases on ClinicalTrials.gov: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:942. [PMID: 32676026 PMCID: PMC7333184 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interventional clinical trials for infectious diseases in old population have arisen much attention in recent years, however, little is known about the characteristics of registered clinical trials regarding this field. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of registered interventional trials for infectious diseases in old populations on ClinicalTrials.gov. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed. We used viral OR bacterial OR fungal OR parasitic OR infectious disease to search the ClinicalTrials.gov database and to assess characteristics of included trials. The age of participants was restricted to more than 65 years old. All analyses were performed using the SPSS19.0 software. Results A total of 138 registered trials were included. Among them, 105(76.1%) trials were completed; however, the results were available in ClinicalTrials.gov for only 44(31.9%) trials. North America was the most frequently identified study location (52.9%), followed by Europe (30.4%) and Asia (11.6%). Seventy-one percent trials focused on viral pathogens, followed by bacterial pathogens (22.5%). A total of 84.1% trials were prevention oriented. A total of 84.1% trials used randomization, 73.2% trials used parallel assignment, and 64.5% used masking. Eighty-six trials were industry-funded and 52 were non-industry-funded. Industry-funded trials had higher percentages than non-industry-funded trials in available results, prevention trial, and phase 2 and phase 3 trial, and lager sample size trial. One hundred eleven trials were vaccine trials and 27 trials were non-vaccine trials. Vaccine trials had higher percentages than non-vaccine trials in available results, leading industry sponsor and viral etiology. Conclusions The current study is the first study of the landscape of interventional clinical trials for infectious diseases in old populations registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, providing the basis for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in old populations. Trials in this field are still relatively lacking, and additional and better trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Chengdu, China
| | - Menghua Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of General Practice, International Hospital of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Calvocoressi L, Reynolds J, Johnson B, Warzoha MM, Carroll M, Vaca FE, Post L, Dziura J. Quality and Publication of Emergency Medicine Trials Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. West J Emerg Med 2020; 21:295-303. [PMID: 32191186 PMCID: PMC7081876 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2019.12.44096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Promoting emergency medicine (EM) clinical trials research remains a priority. To characterize the status of clinical EM research, this study assessed trial quality, funding source, and publication of EM clinical trials and compared EM and non-EM trials on these key metrics. We also examined the volume of EM trials and their subspecialty areas. Methods We abstracted data from ClinicalTrials.gov (February 2000 – September 2013) and used individual study National Clinical Trial numbers to identify published trials (January 2007 – September 2016). We used descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to examine study characteristics by EM and non-EM status, and Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests to compare time to publication of completed EM and non-EM studies. Results We found 638 interventional EM trials and 59,512 non-EM interventional trials conducted in the United States between February 2000 and September 2013, registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. EM studies were significantly less likely than non-EM studies to be National Institutes of Health-funded or to evaluate a drug or biologic. However, EM studies had significantly larger sample sizes, and were significantly more likely to use randomization and blinding. Overall, 34.3% of EM and 26.0% of non-EM studies were published in peer-reviewed journals. By subspecialty, more EM trials concerned medical/surgical and psychiatric/neurological conditions than trauma. Conclusion Although EM studies were less likely to have received federal or industry funding, and the EM portfolio consisted of only 638 trials over the 14-year study period, the quality of EM trials surpassed that of non-EM trials, based on indices such as randomization and blinding. This novel finding bodes well for the future of clinical EM research, as does the higher proportion of published EM than non-EM trials. Our study also revealed that trauma studies were under-represented among EM studies. Periodic assessment of EM trials with the metrics used here could provide an informative and valuable longitudinal view of progress in clinical EM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Calvocoressi
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jesse Reynolds
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin Johnson
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Meghan M Warzoha
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Megan Carroll
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Federico E Vaca
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lori Post
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James Dziura
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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12
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Dammo N, Harpe SE. Characteristics of studies of pharmacist services registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2020; 60:609-617. [PMID: 31902662 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the characteristics of studies of pharmacist services registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS ClinicalTrials.gov and MEDLINE databases were searched to identify studies of pharmacist services. Registration information was obtained from the Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT) database. Studies were excluded if the ClinicalTrials.gov submission date was after December 31, 2018; there were no U.S. study sites; pharmacist services were not mentioned; or pharmacist involvement was limited to medication dispensing, randomization, or measuring study outcomes. OUTCOME MEASURES Characteristics of registered studies from ClinicalTrials.gov and AACT data, categories of pharmacist services, changes in registration and focus of pharmacist services over time, and relationships between funding source and result availability and between the focus of pharmacist services and types of outcomes and types of pharmacist interventions. RESULTS Overall 401 studies were identified for initial review, with 151 included for detailed review. Pharmacist services were the only intervention in 68 studies (45.0%), a separate intervention in 14 (9.3%), and part of a combined intervention in 40 (26.5%). In 29 studies (19.2%), pharmacist services were not the focus. Registered studies primarily were interventional, randomized, and open-label; included behavioral or "other" interventions; were conducted in the outpatient setting; and were sponsored by "other" sources. The most common health conditions were hypertension and diabetes. Only 29 of the 104 completed studies (27.9%) posted results. Clinical outcomes were the most common primary (80; 53.0%) and secondary outcomes (66; 58.9%). Medication management (69; 45.7%) and patient education or counseling (88; 58.3%) were the most common types of pharmacist interventions. CONCLUSION This analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov identified 151 studies of pharmacist services in the United States registered through the end of 2018. Given the breadth of the pharmacy services literature, there is room for improvement in the registration of these types of studies.
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Jaffe IS, Chiswell K, Tsalik EL. A Decade On: Systematic Review of ClinicalTrials.gov Infectious Disease Trials, 2007-2017. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz189. [PMID: 31276007 PMCID: PMC6598302 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Registration of interventional trials of Food and Drug Administration–regulated drug and biological products and devices became a legal requirement in 2007; the vast majority of these trials are registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. An analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov offers an opportunity to define the clinical research landscape; here we analyze 10 years of infectious disease (ID) clinical trial research. Methods Beginning with 166 415 interventional trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov from 2007–2017, ID trials were selected by study conditions and interventions. Relevance to ID was confirmed through manual review, resulting in 13 707 ID trials and 152 708 non-ID trials. Results ID-related trials represented 6.9%–9.9% of all trials with no significant trend over time. ID trials tended to be more focused on treatment and prevention, with a focus on testing drugs, biologics, and vaccines. ID trials tended to be large, randomized, and nonblinded with a greater degree of international enrollment. Industry was the primary funding source for 45.2% of ID trials. Compared with the global burden of disease, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS and hepatitis C trials were overrepresented, and lower respiratory tract infection trials were underrepresented. Hepatitis C trials fluctuated, keeping with a wave of new drug development. Influenza vaccine trials peaked during the 2009 H1N1 swine influenza outbreak. Conclusions This study presents the most comprehensive characterization of ID clinical trials over the past decade. These results help define how clinical research aligns with clinical need. Temporal trends reflect changes in disease epidemiology and the impact of scientific discovery and market forces. Periodic review of ID clinical trials can help identify gaps and serve as a mechanism to realign resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Jaffe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Karen Chiswell
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ephraim L Tsalik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine
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14
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Chen L, Su Y, Quan L, Zhang Y, Du L. Clinical Trials Focusing on Drug Control and Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Comprehensive Analysis of Trials Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1574. [PMID: 30863312 PMCID: PMC6399618 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Clinical trials have emerged as the main force in driving the development of medicine. However, little is known about the current status of clinical trials regarding drug control and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This study aimed at providing a comprehensive landscape of these trials on the basis of ClinicalTrials.gov. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study of clinical trials on drug control and prevention of VAP which have been registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov up to 25th August 2018 was conducted. Results: A total of 109 eligible trials were identified. Trials were started from 1998 to 2018, and most trials focused on adult patients. More than half trials were completed, while only 11.9% trials had results available. Sample sizes were relatively large, with a median enrollment of 146. Universities were listed as the primary sponsor for 36.7% trials, industry for 28.4% trials and hospitals for 19.3% trials. Of the 109 VAP trials, 37 trials were from in Europe, 36 in North America and 27 in Asia. Among the 97 interventional trials, 32 were phase 3 trials, 21 were phase 4 trials, and 16 were phase 2 trials. Most interventional trials were randomized trials with a parallel assignment, and 57.7% trials were blinded. Of the 12 observational trials, 9 were cohort studies, and 10 trials were prosepctive studies. Drugs about oral care, preemptive antibiotics and probiotics were most investigated for prevention. A total of 61 trials investigated drugs for the treatment of VAP, mainly focused on antibiotics. A total of 36 kinds of antibiotics were investigated for monotherapy or combination therapy. Beta-lactams were most studied, followed by aminoglycosides and polypeptides. Conclusion: Most clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov about drugs for VAP were interventional trials with the purpose for treatment. A high proportion of interventional trials were randomized, parallel assigned and masked. Our analysis highlights the need for improvement in completeness of study results on the ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Su
- Unit of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuliu Quan
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Du
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Magiorkinis G, Karamitros T, Vasylyeva TI, Williams LD, Mbisa JL, Hatzakis A, Paraskevis D, Friedman SR. An Innovative Study Design to Assess the Community Effect of Interventions to Mitigate HIV Epidemics Using Transmission-Chain Phylodynamics. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:2615-2622. [PMID: 30101288 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given globalization and other social phenomena, controlling the spread of infectious diseases has become an imperative public health priority. A plethora of interventions that in theory can mitigate the spread of pathogens have been proposed and applied. Evaluating the effectiveness of such interventions is costly and in many circumstances unrealistic. Most important, the community effect (i.e., the ability of the intervention to minimize the spread of the pathogen from people who received the intervention to other community members) can rarely be evaluated. Here we propose a study design that can build and evaluate evidence in support of the community effect of an intervention. The approach exploits molecular evolutionary dynamics of pathogens in order to track new infections as having arisen from either a control or an intervention group. It enables us to evaluate whether an intervention reduces the number and length of new transmission chains in comparison with a control condition, and thus lets us estimate the relative decrease in new infections in the community due to the intervention. We provide as an example one working scenario of a way the approach can be applied with a simulation study and associated power calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gkikas Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Jean L Mbisa
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Hatzakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Paraskevis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Johnson L, Shapiro M, Mankoff J. Removing the Mask of Average Treatment Effects in Chronic Lyme Disease Research Using Big Data and Subgroup Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:healthcare6040124. [PMID: 30322049 PMCID: PMC6316052 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is caused by the bacteria borrelia burgdorferi and is spread primarily through the bite of a tick. There is considerable uncertainty in the medical community regarding the best approach to treating patients with Lyme disease who do not respond fully to short-term antibiotic therapy. These patients have persistent Lyme disease symptoms resulting from lack of treatment, under-treatment, or lack of response to their antibiotic treatment protocol. In the past, treatment trials have used small restrictive samples and relied on average treatment effects as their measure of success and produced conflicting results. To provide individualized care, clinicians need information that reflects their patient population. Today, we have the ability to analyze large data bases, including patient registries, that reflect the broader range of patients more typically seen in clinical practice. This allows us to examine treatment variation within the sample and identify groups of patients that are most responsive to treatment. Using patient-reported outcome data from the MyLymeData online patient registry, we show that sub-group analysis techniques can unmask valuable information that is hidden if averages alone are used. In our analysis, this approach revealed treatment effectiveness for up to a third of patients with Lyme disease. This study is important because it can help open the door to more individualized patient care using patient-centered outcomes and real-world evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mira Shapiro
- Analytic Designers LLC., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
| | - Jennifer Mankoff
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Day S, Blumberg M, Vu T, Zhao Y, Rennie S, Tucker JD. Stakeholder engagement to inform HIV clinical trials: a systematic review of the evidence. J Int AIDS Soc 2018; 21 Suppl 7:e25174. [PMID: 30334358 PMCID: PMC6192899 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stakeholder engagement is an essential component of HIV clinical trials. We define stakeholder engagement as an input by individuals or groups with an interest in HIV clinical trials to inform the design or conduct of said trials. Despite its value, stakeholder engagement to inform HIV clinical trials has not been rigorously examined. The purpose of our systematic review is to examine stakeholder engagement for HIV clinical trials and compare it to the recommendations of the UNAIDS/AVAC Good Participatory Practice (GPP) guidelines. METHODS We used the PRISMA checklist and identified English language studies describing stakeholder engagement to inform HIV clinical trials. Four databases (PubMed, Ovid, CINAHL and Web of Science) and six journals were searched, with additional studies identified using handsearching and expert input. Two independent reviewers examined citations, abstracts and full texts. Data were extracted on country, engagement methods, stakeholder types and purpose of stakeholder engagement. Based on the GPP guidelines, we examined how frequently stakeholder engagement was conducted to inform clinical trial research question development, protocol development, recruitment, enrolment, follow-up, results and dissemination. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of the 917 citations identified, 108 studies were included in the analysis. Forty-eight studies (44.4%) described stakeholder engagement in high-income countries, thirty (27.8%) in middle-income countries and nine (8.3%) in low-income countries. Fourteen methods for stakeholder engagement were identified, including individual (e.g. interviews) and group (e.g. community advisory boards) strategies. Thirty-five types of stakeholders were engaged, with approximately half of the studies (60; 55.6%) engaging HIV-affected community stakeholders (e.g. people living with HIV, at-risk or related populations of interest). We observed greater frequency of stakeholder engagement to inform protocol development (49 studies; 45.4%) and trial recruitment (47 studies; 43.5%). Fewer studies described stakeholder engagement to inform post-trial processes related to trial results (3; 2.8%) and dissemination (11; 10.2%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify important directions for future stakeholder engagement research and suggestions for policy. Most notably, we found that stakeholder engagement was more frequently conducted to inform early stages of HIV clinical trials compared to later stages. In order to meet recommendations established in the GPP guidelines, greater stakeholder engagement across all clinical trial stages is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Day
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Meredith Blumberg
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Thi Vu
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Yang Zhao
- University of North Carolina – Project ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Stuart Rennie
- Department of Social MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
- Center for BioethicsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
- University of North Carolina – Project ChinaGuangzhouChina
- School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
- Faculty of Infectious DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
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18
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Fabbri A, Lai A, Grundy Q, Bero LA. The Influence of Industry Sponsorship on the Research Agenda: A Scoping Review. Am J Public Health 2018; 108:e9-e16. [PMID: 30252531 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corporate interests have the potential to influence public debate and policymaking by influencing the research agenda, namely the initial step in conducting research, in which the purpose of the study is defined and the questions are framed. OBJECTIVES We conducted a scoping review to identify and synthesize studies that explored the influence of industry sponsorship on research agendas across different fields. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase (from inception to September 2017) for all original research and systematic reviews addressing corporate influence on the research agenda. We hand searched the reference lists of included studies and contacted experts in the field to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included empirical articles and systematic reviews that explored industry sponsorship of research and its influence on research agendas in any field. There were no restrictions on study design, language, or outcomes measured. We excluded editorials, letters, and commentaries as well as articles that exclusively focused on the influence of industry sponsorship on other phases of research such as methods, results, and conclusions or if industry sponsorship was not reported separately from other funding sources. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least 2 authors independently screened and then extracted any quantitative or qualitative data from each study. We grouped studies thematically for descriptive analysis by design and outcome reported. We developed the themes inductively until all studies were accounted for. Two investigators independently rated the level of evidence of the included studies using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine ratings. MAIN RESULTS We included 36 articles. Nineteen cross-sectional studies quantitatively analyzed patterns in research topics by sponsorship and showed that industry tends to prioritize lines of inquiry that focus on products, processes, or activities that can be commercialized. Seven studies analyzed internal industry documents and provided insight on the strategies the industry used to reshape entire fields of research through the prioritization of topics that supported its policy and legal positions. Ten studies used surveys and interviews to explore the researchers' experiences and perceptions of the influence of industry funding on research agendas, showing that they were generally aware of the risk that sponsorship could influence the choice of research priorities. CONCLUSIONS Corporate interests can drive research agendas away from questions that are the most relevant for public health. Strategies to counteract corporate influence on the research agenda are needed, including heightened disclosure of funding sources and conflicts of interest in published articles to allow an assessment of commercial biases. We also recommend policy actions beyond disclosure such as increasing funding for independent research and strict guidelines to regulate the interaction of research institutes with commercial entities. Public Health Implications. The influence on the research agenda has given the industry the potential to affect policymaking by influencing the type of evidence that is available and the kinds of public health solutions considered. The results of our scoping review support the need to develop strategies to counteract corporate influence on the research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fabbri
- All of the authors are with the Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra Lai
- All of the authors are with the Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Quinn Grundy
- All of the authors are with the Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Anne Bero
- All of the authors are with the Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Thaden JT, Chiswell K, Jaffe I, Bergin SP, Yang WE, Romaine A, Roberts J, Nambiar S, Farley J, Benjamin DK, Smith PB, Tsalik EL. Pediatric Antibacterial and Antifungal Trials From 2007 to 2017. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2017-1849. [PMID: 30158197 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The impact of the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA) and the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) on pediatric antibacterial or antifungal drug trials is unknown. Our objective was to identify and characterize trials conducted under the BPCA and/or the PREA. METHODS Pediatric antibacterial and antifungal drug trials with industry or US federal funding registered in clinicaltrials.gov from 2007 to 2017 were identified. Those conducted under BPCA and/or PREA were identified through US Food and Drug Administration and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development databases. RESULTS Of 17 495 pediatric trials registered on clinicaltrials.gov between October 2007 and September 2017, 122 systemic antibacterial or antifungal drug trials with industry or US federal funding were identified. Of these 122 trials, 98 (80%) involved antibacterials only, 23 (19%) antifungals only, and 1 (1%) both antibacterials and antifungals. These represented <1% (122 of 17 495) of pediatric trials. Neither pediatric antibacterial nor antifungal drug trials commonly enrolled neonates 0 to 30 days old (30% [30 of 99] vs 42% [10 of 24], respectively). Pediatric antibacterial and antifungal trials were commonly industry funded (79% [78 of 99] and 83% [20 of 24], respectively). In total, 65% (79 of 122) of pediatric antibacterial and/or antifungal drug trials were conducted under BPCA and/or PREA. Researchers in trials conducted under BPCA and/or PREA, relative to non-BPCA and/or PREA trials, more often collected pharmacokinetic data (70% [55 of 79] vs 26% [11 of 43]). CONCLUSIONS Although the majority of pediatric antibacterial and/or antifungal drug trials were conducted under BPCA and/or PREA, the overall number was low. Greater effort is needed to stimulate such trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Chiswell
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ian Jaffe
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and
| | | | - William E Yang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Romaine
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jamie Roberts
- Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | | | - John Farley
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Daniel K Benjamin
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - P Brian Smith
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases: Insights, Advances, and Challenges. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5245021. [PMID: 28286767 PMCID: PMC5327784 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5245021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a significant burden on public health and economic stability of societies all over the world. They have for centuries been among the leading causes of death and disability and presented growing challenges to health security and human progress. The threat posed by infectious diseases is further deepened by the continued emergence of new, unrecognized, and old infectious disease epidemics of global impact. Over the past three and half decades at least 30 new infectious agents affecting humans have emerged, most of which are zoonotic and their origins have been shown to correlate significantly with socioeconomic, environmental, and ecological factors. As these factors continue to increase, putting people in increased contact with the disease causing pathogens, there is concern that infectious diseases may continue to present a formidable challenge. Constant awareness and pursuance of effective strategies for controlling infectious diseases and disease emergence thus remain crucial. This review presents current updates on emerging and neglected infectious diseases and highlights the scope, dynamics, and advances in infectious disease management with particular focus on WHO top priority emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and neglected tropical infectious diseases.
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Respiratory Tract Infection Clinical Trials from 2007 to 2012. A Systematic Review of ClinicalTrials.gov. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 12:1852-63. [PMID: 26360527 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201505-291oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Respiratory tract infections are highly prevalent and variable, and confer considerable morbidity and mortality. There is a growing need for new treatments for such infections, particularly in the setting of worsening antibacterial resistance. OBJECTIVES We analyzed data from ClinicalTrials.gov to summarize activity in respiratory infection trials, identify gaps in research activity, and inform efforts to address disparities between antimicrobial resistance and development of new antibacterial drugs. METHODS We examined 69,779 interventional trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov from 2007 to 2012, focusing on study conditions and interventions to identify respiratory infection-related trials. Programmatic identification with manual confirmation yielded 6,253 infectious disease trials, 1,377 respiratory infection trials, and 270 lower respiratory tract infection trials for analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The 1,377 respiratory infection trials accounted for 2% of all trials and 22% of infectious diseases trials. Such trials (54.8%) were more likely than either nonrespiratory infectious diseases trials (48.1%) or noninfectious disease trials (42.8%) to receive industry funding. Stratification of respiratory infection trials by registration year demonstrated declining industry funding: 181 (64.9%) in 2007-2008 to 110 (46.0%) in 2011-2012. Respiratory infection trials more frequently evaluated vaccines (52.7 vs. 15.5% of nonrespiratory tract infection trials). Lower respiratory tract infection trials (excluding tuberculosis) focused primarily on bacterial pathogens (78.5%) followed by viral (12.6%), fungal (5.6%), and nontuberculous mycobacterial (3.0%) pathogens. Approximately 40% of 120 lower respiratory tract infection trials that were completed or terminated published results in the literature. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, a treatment focus was associated with decreased odds of publishing results (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.82; P = 0.02). There were also generally low numbers of studies evaluating novel antimicrobial agents (community-acquired pneumonia, 15.9%; hospital-acquired pneumonia, 16.7%; ventilator-associated pneumonia, 5.3%). CONCLUSIONS From 2007 to 2012, respiratory infection trials did not occur in numbers commensurate with global impact. The number of trials registered per year did not increase throughout the study period, partly due to declining industry support. There was a concerning reduction in prevention-oriented lower respiratory infection trials and an overall low number of such trials involving novel antimicrobials.
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Chang M, Chang M, Reed JZ, Milward D, Xu JJ, Cornell WD. Developing timely insights into comparative effectiveness research with a text-mining pipeline. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:473-80. [PMID: 26854423 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) provides evidence for the relative effectiveness and risks of different treatment options and informs decisions made by healthcare providers, payers, and pharmaceutical companies. CER data come from retrospective analyses as well as prospective clinical trials. Here, we describe the development of a text-mining pipeline based on natural language processing (NLP) that extracts key information from three different trial data sources: NIH ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and Citeline Trialtrove. The pipeline leverages tailored terminologies to produce an integrated and structured output, capturing any trials in which pharmaceutical products of interest are compared with another therapy. The timely information alerts generated by this system provide the earliest and most complete picture of emerging clinical research.
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Visual aggregate analysis of eligibility features of clinical trials. J Biomed Inform 2015; 54:241-55. [PMID: 25615940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a method for profiling the collective populations targeted for recruitment by multiple clinical studies addressing the same medical condition using one eligibility feature each time. METHODS Using a previously published database COMPACT as the backend, we designed a scalable method for visual aggregate analysis of clinical trial eligibility features. This method consists of four modules for eligibility feature frequency analysis, query builder, distribution analysis, and visualization, respectively. This method is capable of analyzing (1) frequently used qualitative and quantitative features for recruiting subjects for a selected medical condition, (2) distribution of study enrollment on consecutive value points or value intervals of each quantitative feature, and (3) distribution of studies on the boundary values, permissible value ranges, and value range widths of each feature. All analysis results were visualized using Google Charts API. Five recruited potential users assessed the usefulness of this method for identifying common patterns in any selected eligibility feature for clinical trial participant selection. RESULTS We implemented this method as a Web-based analytical system called VITTA (Visual Analysis Tool of Clinical Study Target Populations). We illustrated the functionality of VITTA using two sample queries involving quantitative features BMI and HbA1c for conditions "hypertension" and "Type 2 diabetes", respectively. The recruited potential users rated the user-perceived usefulness of VITTA with an average score of 86.4/100. CONCLUSIONS We contributed a novel aggregate analysis method to enable the interrogation of common patterns in quantitative eligibility criteria and the collective target populations of multiple related clinical studies. A larger-scale study is warranted to formally assess the usefulness of VITTA among clinical investigators and sponsors in various therapeutic areas.
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WU MENGHUA, SIROTA MARINA, BUTTE ATULJ, CHEN BIN. Characteristics of drug combination therapy in oncology by analyzing clinical trial data on ClinicalTrials.gov. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING 2015:68-79. [PMID: 25592569 PMCID: PMC4361221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Within the past few decades, drug combination therapy has been intensively studied in oncology and other complex disease areas, especially during the early drug discovery stage, as drug combinations have the potential to improve treatment response, minimize development of resistance or minimize adverse events. In the present, designing combination trials relies mainly on clinical and empirical experience. While empirical experience has indeed crafted efficacious combination therapy clinical trials (combination trials), however, garnering experience with patients can take a lifetime. The preliminary step to eliminating this barrier of time, then, is to understand the current state of combination trials. Thus, we present the first large-scale study of clinical trials (2008-2013) from ClinicalTrials.gov to compare combination trials to non-combination trials, with a focus on oncology. In this work, we developed a classifier to identify combination trials and oncology trials through natural language processing techniques. After clustering trials, we categorized them based on selected characteristics and observed trends present. Among the characteristics studied were primary purpose, funding source, endpoint measurement, allocation, and trial phase. We observe a higher prevalence of combination therapy in oncology (25.6% use combination trials) in comparison to other disease trials (6.9%). However, surprisingly the prevalence of combinations does not increase over the years. In addition, the trials supported by the NIH are significantly more likely to use combinations of drugs than those supported by industry. Our preliminary study of current combination trials may facilitate future trial design and move more preclinical combination studies to the clinical trial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- MENGHUA WU
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. The Harker High School, 500 Saratoga Ave, San Jose, CA, 95129, USA
| | - MARINA SIROTA
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - ATUL J. BUTTE
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - BIN CHEN
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Tsalik EL, Langley RJ, Dinwiddie DL, Miller NA, Yoo B, van Velkinburgh JC, Smith LD, Thiffault I, Jaehne AK, Valente AM, Henao R, Yuan X, Glickman SW, Rice BJ, McClain MT, Carin L, Corey GR, Ginsburg GS, Cairns CB, Otero RM, Fowler VG, Rivers EP, Woods CW, Kingsmore SF. An integrated transcriptome and expressed variant analysis of sepsis survival and death. Genome Med 2014; 6:111. [PMID: 25538794 PMCID: PMC4274761 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-014-0111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, is not a homogeneous disease but rather a syndrome encompassing many heterogeneous pathophysiologies. Patient factors including genetics predispose to poor outcomes, though current clinical characterizations fail to identify those at greatest risk of progression and mortality. Methods The Community Acquired Pneumonia and Sepsis Outcome Diagnostic study enrolled 1,152 subjects with suspected sepsis. We sequenced peripheral blood RNA of 129 representative subjects with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis (SIRS due to infection), including 78 sepsis survivors and 28 sepsis non-survivors who had previously undergone plasma proteomic and metabolomic profiling. Gene expression differences were identified between sepsis survivors, sepsis non-survivors, and SIRS followed by gene enrichment pathway analysis. Expressed sequence variants were identified followed by testing for association with sepsis outcomes. Results The expression of 338 genes differed between subjects with SIRS and those with sepsis, primarily reflecting immune activation in sepsis. Expression of 1,238 genes differed with sepsis outcome: non-survivors had lower expression of many immune function-related genes. Functional genetic variants associated with sepsis mortality were sought based on a common disease-rare variant hypothesis. VPS9D1, whose expression was increased in sepsis survivors, had a higher burden of missense variants in sepsis survivors. The presence of variants was associated with altered expression of 3,799 genes, primarily reflecting Golgi and endosome biology. Conclusions The activation of immune response-related genes seen in sepsis survivors was muted in sepsis non-survivors. The association of sepsis survival with a robust immune response and the presence of missense variants in VPS9D1 warrants replication and further functional studies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00258869. Registered on 23 November 2005. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-014-0111-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim L Tsalik
- Emergency Medicine Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705 USA ; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Raymond J Langley
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA ; Department of Immunology, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA
| | - Darrell L Dinwiddie
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Translational Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Neil A Miller
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA ; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinic, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Byunggil Yoo
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinic, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | | | - Laurie D Smith
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinic, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Isabella Thiffault
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinic, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Anja K Jaehne
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202 USA
| | - Ashlee M Valente
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Ricardo Henao
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Seth W Glickman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Brandon J Rice
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA
| | - Micah T McClain
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA ; Medicine Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Lawrence Carin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - G Ralph Corey
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA ; Medicine Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Geoffrey S Ginsburg
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Charles B Cairns
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Ronny M Otero
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202 USA ; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Emanuel P Rivers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202 USA
| | - Christopher W Woods
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA ; Medicine Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Stephen F Kingsmore
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Translational Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
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Goswami ND, Tsalik EL, Naggie S, Miller WC, Horton JR, Pfeiffer CD, Hicks CB. A cross-sectional analysis of HIV and hepatitis C clinical trials 2007 to 2010: the relationship between industry sponsorship and randomized study design. Trials 2014; 15:31. [PMID: 24450313 PMCID: PMC3901894 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of clinical research sponsored by industry will likely continue to expand as federal funds for academic research decreases, particularly in the fields of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C (HCV). While HIV and HCV continue to burden the US population, insufficient data exists as to how industry sponsorship affects clinical trials involving these infectious diseases. Debate exists about whether pharmaceutical companies undertake more market-driven research practices to promote therapeutics, or instead conduct more rigorous trials than their non-industry counterparts because of increased resources and scrutiny. The ClinicalTrials.gov registry, which allows investigators to fulfill a federal mandate for public trial registration, provides an opportunity for critical evaluation of study designs for industry-sponsored trials, independent of publication status. As part of a large public policy effort, the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative (CTTI) recently transformed the ClinicalTrials.gov registry into a searchable dataset to facilitate research on clinical trials themselves. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 477 HIV and HCV drug treatment trials, registered with ClinicalTrials.gov from 1 October 2007 to 27 September 2010, to study the relationship of study sponsorship with randomized study design. The likelihood of using randomization given industry (versus non-industry) sponsorship was reported with prevalence ratios (PR). PRs were estimated using crude and stratified tabular analysis and Poisson regression adjusting for presence of a data monitoring committee, enrollment size, study phase, number of study sites, inclusion of foreign study sites, exclusion of persons older than age 65, and disease condition. RESULTS The crude PR was 1.17 (95% CI 0.94, 1.45). Adjusted Poisson models produced a PR of 1.13 (95% CI 0.82, 1.56). There was a trend toward mild effect measure modification by study phase, but this was not statistically significant. In stratified tabular analysis the adjusted PR was 1.14 (95% CI 0.78, 1.68) among phase 2/3 trials and 1.06 (95% CI 0.50, 2.22) among phase 4 trials. CONCLUSIONS No significant relationship was found between industry sponsorship and use of randomization in trial design in this cross-sectional study. Prospective studies evaluating other aspects of trial design may shed further light on the relationship between industry sponsorship and appropriate trial methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neela D Goswami
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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