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Taghiloo S, Asgarian-Omran H. Cross-talk between leukemic and immune cells at the tumor microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: An update review. Eur J Haematol 2024; 113:4-15. [PMID: 38698678 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a mature-type B cell malignancy correlated with significant changes and defects in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, together with a high dependency on the tumor microenvironment. Overall, the tumor microenvironment (TME) in CLL provides a supportive niche for leukemic cells to grow and survive, and interactions between CLL cells and the TME can contribute to disease progression and treatment resistance. Therefore, the increasing knowledge of the complicated interaction between immune cells and tumor cells, which is responsible for immune evasion and cancer progression, has provided an opportunity for the development of new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we outline tumor microenvironment-driven contributions to the licensing of immune escape mechanisms in CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Taghiloo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Asgarian-Omran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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2
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Gamal W, Mediavilla-Varela M, Uriepero-Palma A, Pinilla-Ibarz J, Sahakian E. Optimization of In Vitro Th17 Polarization for Adoptive Cell Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6324. [PMID: 38928031 PMCID: PMC11203624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although preclinical investigations have shown notable efficacy in solid tumor models utilizing in vitro-differentiated Th17 cells for adoptive cell therapy (ACT), the potential benefits of this strategy in enhancing ACT efficacy in hematological malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), remain unexplored. CLL is a B-cell malignancy with a clinical challenge of increased resistance to targeted therapies. T-cell therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have demonstrated limited success in CLL, which is attributed to CLL-mediated T-cell dysfunction and skewing toward immunosuppressive phenotypes. Herein, we illustrate the feasibility of polarizing CD4+ T cells from the Eμ-TCL1 murine model, the most representative model for human CLL, into Th17 phenotype, employing a protocol of T-cell activation through the inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) alongside a polarizing cytokine mixture. We demonstrate augmented memory properties of in vitro-polarized IL-17-producing T cells, and preliminary in vivo persistence in leukemia-bearing mice. Our findings gain translational relevance through successful viral transduction of Eμ-TCL1 CD4+ T cells with a CD19-targeted CAR construct during in vitro Th17 polarization. Th17 CAR T cells exhibited remarkable persistence upon encountering antigen-expressing target cells. This study represents the first demonstration of the potential of in vitro-differentiated Th17 cells to enhance ACT efficacy in CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Animals
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Mice
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Gamal
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - Angimar Uriepero-Palma
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Javier Pinilla-Ibarz
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eva Sahakian
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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3
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Breast cancer tumor microenvironment affects Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis: Molecular and therapeutic perspectives. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:132-157. [PMID: 36816749 PMCID: PMC9922830 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises a variety of immune cells, among which T cells exert a prominent axial role in tumor development or anti-tumor responses in patients with breast cancer (BC). High or low levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β, in the absence or presence of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), delineate the fate of T cells toward either regulatory T (Treg) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells, respectively. The transitional state of RORγt+Foxp3+ Treg (IL-17-producing Treg) resides in the middle of this reciprocal polarization, which is known as Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis. TME secretome, including microRNAs, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, can significantly affect this axis. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitors may be used to reconstruct immune cells; however, some of these novel therapies may favor tumor development. Therefore, understanding secretory and cell-associated factors involved in their differentiation or polarization and functions may be targeted for BC management. This review discusses microRNAs, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles (as secretome), as well as transcription factors and immune checkpoints (as cell-associated factors), which influence the Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis in BC. Furthermore, approved or ongoing clinical trials related to the modulation of this axis in the TME of BC are described to broaden new horizons of promising therapeutic approaches.
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4
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Liu Y, Song Y, Yin Q. Effects of ibrutinib on T-cell immunity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:962552. [PMID: 36059445 PMCID: PMC9437578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.962552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a highly heterogeneous B-cell malignancy, is characterized by tumor microenvironment disorder and T-cell immune dysfunction, which play a major role in the proliferation and survival of CLL cells. Ibrutinib is the first irreversible inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). In addition to targeting B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling to kill tumor cells, increasing evidence has suggested that ibrutinib regulates the tumor microenvironment and T-cell immunity in a direct and indirect manner. For example, ibrutinib not only reverses the tumor microenvironment by blocking cytokine networks and toll-like receptor signaling but also regulates T cells in number, subset distribution, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and immune function by inhibiting interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) and reducing the expression of inhibitory receptors, and so on. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for the effects of ibrutinib on the tumor microenvironment and cellular immunity of patients with CLL, particularly for the behavior and function of T cells, explore its potential mechanisms, and provide a basis for the clinical benefits of long-term ibrutinib treatment and combined therapy based on T-cell-based immunotherapies.
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5
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Gholipour E, Kahroba H, Soltani N, Samadi P, Sarvarian P, Vakili-Samiani S, Hosein Pour Feizi AA, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Baghersalimi A, Darbandi B, Movassaghpour A, Talebi M, Motavalli R, Mehdizadeh A, Kazemi A, Yousefi M. Paediatric pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-derived exosomes regulate immune function in human T cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4566-4576. [PMID: 35822529 PMCID: PMC9357647 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from solid tumour cells are involved in immune suppression, angiogenesis and metastasis; however, the role of leukaemia‐derived exosomes has less been investigated. Hence, changes in immune response‐related genes and human T cells apoptosis co‐incubated with exosomes isolated from patients' pre‐B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were evaluated in this in vitro study. Vein blood sample was obtained from each newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patient prior any therapy. ALL serum exosomes were isolated by ultrafiltration and characterized using Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. Exosomes were then co‐incubated with T lymphocytes and the gene expressions, as well as functions of human T cells were quantified by qRT‐PCR. Apoptosis and caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 protein expression were also evaluated by flowcytometry and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Exosomes isolated from ALL patients affected T lymphocytes and elevated the apoptosis. Moreover, these exosomes altered the T cells profile into regulatory type by increasing the expression of FOXP3 and Tregs‐related cytokines, including TGF‐B and IL‐10. The expression level of Th17‐related transcription factors (RoRγt) and interleukins (IL‐17 and IL‐23) decreased after this treatment. According to our findings, exosomes derived from ALL patients' sera carry immunosuppressive molecules, indicating the possible effect of exosomes as liquid biomarkers for cancer staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Gholipour
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Departments of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nasim Soltani
- Master of Science Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, Faculity of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Samadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Sarvarian
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Vakili-Samiani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Adel Baghersalimi
- Pediatric Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahram Darbandi
- Pediatric Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roza Motavalli
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolhassan Kazemi
- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Jung B, Ferrer G, Chiu PY, Aslam R, Ng A, Palacios F, Wysota M, Cardillo M, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Barrientos JC, Rai KR, Chiorazzi N, Sherry B. Activated CLL cells regulate IL17F producing Th17 cells in miR155 dependent and outcome specific manners. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158243. [PMID: 35511436 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) results from expansion of a CD5+ B-cell clone that requires interactions with other cell types, including T cells. Moreover, CLL patients have elevated circulating IL17A+ and IL17F+ CD4+ T cells (Th17s), with higher IL17A+Th17s correlating with better outcomes. We report that CLL Th17s express more miR155, a Th17 differentiation regulator, than control Th17s, despite naïve CD4+ T cell (TN) basal miR155 levels being similar in both. We also found that CLL cells directly regulate miR155 levels in TN, thereby affecting Th17 differentiation by documenting that: co-culturing TN with resting (Brest) or activated (Bact) CLL cells alters the magnitude and direction of T-cell miR155 levels; CLL Bact promote IL17A+ and IL17F+ T cell generation by a miR155-dependent mechanism, confirmed by miR155 inhibition; co-cultures of TN with CLL Bact lead to a linear correlation between the degree and direction of T-cell miR155 expression changes and IL17F production, but not IL17A; Bact-mediated changes in TN miR155 expression correlate with outcome, irrespective of IGHV mutation status, a strong prognostic indicator. Together, the results identify a previously unrecognized CLL Bact-dependent mechanism, upregulation of TN miR155 expression and subsequent enhancement of IL17F+ Th17 generation, that favors better clinical courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongho Jung
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Gerardo Ferrer
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Pui Yan Chiu
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Insitute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Rukhsana Aslam
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Anita Ng
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Florencia Palacios
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Michael Wysota
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Martina Cardillo
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Jonathan E Kolitz
- Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, United States of America
| | - Steven L Allen
- Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, United States of America
| | | | - Kanti R Rai
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Barbara Sherry
- Center for Immunology & Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
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7
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Spaner DE. O-GlcNAcylation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Blood Cancers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772304. [PMID: 34868034 PMCID: PMC8639227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as a new hallmark of cancer. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that results when the amino-sugar β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is made in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and covalently attached to serine and threonine residues in intracellular proteins by the glycosyltransferase O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). O-GlcNAc moieties reflect the metabolic state of a cell and are removed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). O-GlcNAcylation affects signaling pathways and protein expression by cross-talk with kinases and proteasomes and changes gene expression by altering protein interactions, localization, and complex formation. The HBP and O-GlcNAcylation are also recognized to mediate survival of cells in harsh conditions. Consequently, O-GlcNAcylation can affect many of the cellular processes that are relevant for cancer and is generally thought to promote tumor growth, disease progression, and immune escape. However, recent studies suggest a more nuanced view with O-GlcNAcylation acting as a tumor promoter or suppressor depending on the stage of disease or the genetic abnormalities, proliferative status, and state of the p53 axis in the cancer cell. Clinically relevant HBP and OGA inhibitors are already available and OGT inhibitors are in development to modulate O-GlcNAcylation as a potentially novel cancer treatment. Here recent studies that implicate O-GlcNAcylation in oncogenic properties of blood cancers are reviewed, focusing on chronic lymphocytic leukemia and effects on signal transduction and stress resistance in the cancer microenvironment. Therapeutic strategies for targeting the HBP and O-GlcNAcylation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Spaner
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Impact of Immune Parameters and Immune Dysfunctions on the Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153856. [PMID: 34359757 PMCID: PMC8345723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), immune alterations—affecting both the innate and adaptive immunity—are very common. As a clinical consequence, patients with CLL frequently present with autoimmune phenomena, increased risk of infections and second malignancies. The aim of this review article is to present available data on CLL-associated alterations of immune parameters that correlate with known prognostic markers and with clinical outcome. Also, data on the impact of immune-related clinical manifestations on the prognosis of patients with CLL will be discussed. Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a wide spectrum of immune alterations, affecting both the innate and adaptive immunity. These immune dysfunctions strongly impact the immune surveillance, facilitate tumor progression and eventually affect the disease course. Quantitative and functional alterations involving conventional T cells, γδ T cells, regulatory T cells, NK and NKT cells, and myeloid cells, together with hypogammaglobulinemia, aberrations in the complement pathways and altered cytokine signature have been reported in patients with CLL. Some of these immune parameters have been shown to associate with other CLL-related characteristics with a known prognostic relevance or to correlate with disease prognosis. Also, in CLL, the complex immune response dysfunctions eventually translate in clinical manifestations, including autoimmune phenomena, increased risk of infections and second malignancies. These clinical issues are overall the most common complications that affect the course and management of CLL, and they also may impact overall disease prognosis.
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9
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Zampogiannis A, Piperi C, Baka M, Zoi I, Papavassiliou AG, Moschovi M. Low IL-23 levels in peripheral blood and bone marrow at diagnosis of acute leukemia in children increased with the elimination of leukemic burden. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7426-7435. [PMID: 34235838 PMCID: PMC8335666 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL‐23 is an IL‐12 cytokine family member with pleiotropic functions that regulates tumour growth in various cancer types, exhibiting both anti‐tumorigenic and pro‐tumorigenic properties. Preclinical studies have shown a potential anti‐leukemic action on childhood B‐ALL cells. The study involved 65 children with acute leukemia [59 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 6 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)] and 27 healthy controls. Using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, we aimed to determine the IL‐23 levels in the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of patients at diagnosis and at the end of the induction therapy (EIT). PB IL‐23 levels were lower in leukemia patients compared to the healthy controls. In all acute leukemia patients, IL‐23 levels were significantly lower at diagnosis both in PB (P = .015) and in BM (P = .037) compared to the PB and BM concentrations at the EIT. The same pattern was present in both subgroups of ALL and AML patients. The high leukemic burden at diagnosis was related with lower IL‐23 levels, which were increased with the disease remission. Considering the anti‐leukemic potential of this cytokine, the elevation of the IL‐23 concentration at the disease remission indicates a beneficial role of IL‐23 in paediatric acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontis Zampogiannis
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Medical School, "Agia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita Baka
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Iliana Zoi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Moschovi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Medical School, "Agia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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10
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Vlachonikola E, Stamatopoulos K, Chatzidimitriou A. T Cell Defects and Immunotherapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3255. [PMID: 34209724 PMCID: PMC8268526 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, independent studies have highlighted the relevance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer, revealing a great variety of TME-related predictive markers, as well as identifying novel therapeutic targets in the TME. Cancer immunotherapy targets different components of the immune system and the TME at large in order to reinforce effector mechanisms or relieve inhibitory and suppressive signaling. Currently, it constitutes a clinically validated treatment for many cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), an incurable malignancy of mature B lymphocytes with great dependency on microenvironmental signals. Although immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic option with encouraging results in CLL, the dysfunctional T cell compartment remains a major obstacle in such approaches. In the scope of this review, we outline the current immunotherapeutic treatment options in CLL in the light of recent immunogenetic and functional evidence of T cell impairment. We also highlight possible approaches for overcoming T cell defects and invigorating potent anti-tumor immune responses that would enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Vlachonikola
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.V.); (K.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.V.); (K.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Chatzidimitriou
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.V.); (K.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Targeting CD38 is lethal to Breg-like chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and Tregs, but restores CD8+ T-cell responses. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2143-2157. [PMID: 32421811 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are characterized by monoclonal expansion of CD5+CD23+CD27+CD19+κ/λ+ B lymphocytes and are clinically noted to have profound immune suppression. In these patients, it has been recently shown that a subset of B cells possesses regulatory functions and secretes high levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10). Our investigation identified that CLL cells with a CD19+CD24+CD38hi immunophenotype (B regulatory cell [Breg]-like CLL cells) produce high amounts of IL-10 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and are capable of transforming naive T helper cells into CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in an IL-10/TGF-β-dependent manner. A strong correlation between the percentage of CD38+ CLL cells and Tregs was observed. CD38hi Tregs comprised more than 50% of Tregs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with CLL. Anti-CD38 targeting agents resulted in lethality of both Breg-like CLL and Treg cells via apoptosis. Ex vivo, use of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy was associated with a reduction in IL-10 and CLL patient-derived Tregs, but an increase in interferon-γ and proliferation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells with an activated phenotype, which showed an improved ability to lyse patient-autologous CLL cells. Finally, effects of anti-CD38 mAb therapy were validated in a CLL-patient-derived xenograft model in vivo, which showed decreased percentage of Bregs, Tregs, and PD1+CD38hiCD8+ T cells, but increased Th17 and CD8+ T cells (vs vehicle). Altogether, our results demonstrate that targeting CD38 in CLL can modulate the tumor microenvironment; skewing T-cell populations from an immunosuppressive to immune-reactive milieu, thus promoting immune reconstitution for enhanced anti-CLL response.
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12
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Salazar Y, Zheng X, Brunn D, Raifer H, Picard F, Zhang Y, Winter H, Guenther S, Weigert A, Weigmann B, Dumoutier L, Renauld JC, Waisman A, Schmall A, Tufman A, Fink L, Brüne B, Bopp T, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Pullamsetti SS, Huber M, Savai R. Microenvironmental Th9 and Th17 lymphocytes induce metastatic spreading in lung cancer. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3560-3575. [PMID: 32229721 DOI: 10.1172/jci124037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune microenvironment plays a critical role in lung cancer control versus progression and metastasis. In this investigation, we explored the effect of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subpopulations on lung cancer biology by studying in vitro cocultures, in vivo mouse models, and human lung cancer tissue. Lymphocyte conditioned media (CM) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration in both primary human lung cancer cells and cell lines. Correspondingly, major accumulation of Th9 and Th17 cells was detected in human lung cancer tissue and correlated with poor survival. Coculturing lung cancer cells with Th9/Th17 cells or exposing them to the respective CM induced EMT in cancer cells and modulated the expression profile of genes implicated in EMT and metastasis. These features were reproduced by the signatory cytokines IL-9 and IL-17, with gene regulatory profiles evoked by these cytokines partly overlapping and partly complementary. Coinjection of Th9/Th17 cells with tumor cells in WT, Rag1-/-, Il9r-/-, and Il17ra-/- mice altered tumor growth and metastasis. Accordingly, inhibition of IL-9 or IL-17 cytokines by neutralizing antibodies decreased EMT and slowed lung cancer progression and metastasis. In conclusion, Th9 and Th17 lymphocytes induce lung cancer cell EMT, thereby promoting migration and metastatic spreading and offering potentially novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylia Salazar
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), member of Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), member of Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - David Brunn
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), member of Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hartmann Raifer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and.,CoreFacility Flow Cytometry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University, member of the DZL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laure Dumoutier
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anja Schmall
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), member of Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Amanda Tufman
- Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Internal Medicine V, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and Thoracic Oncology Centre, member of the DZL, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Wetzlar, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. Research Center for Immunotherapy and University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Department of Internal Medicine, member of the DZL, member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), member of Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, member of the DZL, member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute or Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), member of Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, member of the DZL, member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), member of Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, member of the DZL, member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute or Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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13
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Vlachonikola E, Stamatopoulos K, Chatzidimitriou A. T Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Two-Edged Sword. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612244. [PMID: 33552073 PMCID: PMC7857025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy of mature, antigen-experienced B lymphocytes. Despite great progress recently achieved in the management of CLL, the disease remains incurable, underscoring the need for further investigation into the underlying pathophysiology. Microenvironmental crosstalk has an established role in CLL pathogenesis and progression. Indeed, the malignant CLL cells are strongly dependent on interactions with other immune and non-immune cell populations that shape a highly orchestrated network, the tumor microenvironment (TME). The composition of the TME, as well as the bidirectional interactions between the malignant clone and the microenvironmental elements have been linked to disease heterogeneity. Mounting evidence implicates T cells present in the TME in the natural history of the CLL as well as in the establishment of certain CLL hallmarks e.g. tumor evasion and immune suppression. CLL is characterized by restrictions in the T cell receptor gene repertoire, T cell oligoclonal expansions, as well as shared T cell receptor clonotypes amongst patients, strongly alluding to selection by restricted antigenic elements of as yet undisclosed identity. Further, the T cells in CLL exhibit a distinctive phenotype with features of “exhaustion” likely as a result of chronic antigenic stimulation. This might be relevant to the fact that, despite increased numbers of oligoclonal T cells in the periphery, these cells are incapable of mounting effective anti-tumor immune responses, a feature perhaps also linked with the elevated numbers of T regulatory subpopulations. Alterations of T cell gene expression profile are associated with defects in both the cytoskeleton and immune synapse formation, and are generally induced by direct contact with the malignant clone. That said, these abnormalities appear to be reversible, which is why therapies targeting the T cell compartment represent a reasonable therapeutic option in CLL. Indeed, novel strategies, including CAR T cell immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade and immunomodulation, have come to the spotlight in an attempt to restore the functionality of T cells and enhance targeted cytotoxic activity against the malignant clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Vlachonikola
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Chatzidimitriou
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Bankir M, Acik DY. IL-17 and IL-23 levels in patients with early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. North Clin Istanb 2020; 8:24-30. [PMID: 33623869 PMCID: PMC7881423 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2020.02997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytokines produced by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are important components of the tumor microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The roles of IL-17 and IL-23 in both autoimmune diseases and tumor growth have been demonstrated. The role of the IL-17/23 axis in apoptosis has also been demonstrated in studies. Autoimmune cytopenias are common in CLL. In this study, we aimed to compare IL-17/IL-23 levels in early-stage CLL patients with healthy controls. METHODS After obtaining ethical approval from the local ethics committee, 22 patients with early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 21 healthy control groups were included in this study. IL-17 and IL-23 were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS The findings showed that the median IL-23 level was lower in men in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia group than women. There was a positive correlation between IL-17 and IL-23 levels in both the control group and the chronic lymphocytic leukemia group. There was no significant correlation between stage and IL-17 and IL-23 levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. CONCLUSION Results of studies conducted on IL-17 and/or IL-23 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the literature are not consistent. These inconsistent results can be explained by the fact that the immune system develops differently in each individual due to environmental factors, past infections, intestinal flora, vaccines, ethnicity, and even gender. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the development and application of personalized immunotherapy strategies instead of standard therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia may increase therapeutic success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bankir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Didar Yanardag Acik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
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15
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Griggio V, Perutelli F, Salvetti C, Boccellato E, Boccadoro M, Vitale C, Coscia M. Immune Dysfunctions and Immune-Based Therapeutic Interventions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:594556. [PMID: 33312177 PMCID: PMC7708380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by a wide range of tumor-induced alterations, which affect both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response, and accumulate during disease progression. In recent years, the development of targeted therapies, such as the B-cell receptor signaling inhibitors and the Bcl-2 protein inhibitor venetoclax, has dramatically changed the treatment landscape of CLL. Despite their remarkable anti-tumor activity, targeted agents have some limitations, which include the development of drug resistance mechanisms and the inferior efficacy observed in high-risk patients. Therefore, additional treatments are necessary to obtain deeper responses and overcome drug resistance. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which exploits immune-mediated graft-versus-leukemia effect to eradicate tumor cells, currently represents the only potentially curative therapeutic option for CLL patients. However, due to its potential toxicities, HSCT can be offered only to a restricted number of younger and fit patients. The growing understanding of the complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system, which is responsible for immune escape mechanisms and tumor progression, has paved the way for the development of novel immune-based strategies. Despite promising preclinical observations, results from pilot clinical studies exploring the safety and efficacy of novel immune-based therapies have been sometimes suboptimal in terms of long-term tumor control. Therefore, further advances to improve their efficacy are needed. In this context, possible approaches include an earlier timing of immunotherapy within the treatment sequencing, as well as the possibility to improve the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents by administering them in combination with other anti-tumor drugs. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of main immune defects affecting patients with CLL, also describing the complex networks leading to immune evasion and tumor progression. From the therapeutic standpoint, we will go through the evolution of immune-based therapeutic approaches over time, including i) agents with broad immunomodulatory effects, such as immunomodulatory drugs, ii) currently approved and next-generation monoclonal antibodies, and iii) immunotherapeutic strategies aiming at activating or administering immune effector cells specifically targeting leukemic cells (e.g. bi-or tri-specific antibodies, tumor vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and checkpoint inhibitors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Griggio
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Perutelli
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Salvetti
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elia Boccellato
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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16
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Roessner PM, Seiffert M. T-cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Guardians or drivers of disease? Leukemia 2020; 34:2012-2024. [PMID: 32457353 PMCID: PMC8318881 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy, which is associated with profound alterations and defects in the immune system and a prevalent dependency on the microenvironmental niche. An abnormal T-cell compartment in the blood of CLL patients was already reported 40 years ago. Since then, our knowledge of T-cell characteristics in CLL has grown steadily, but the question of whether T-cells act as pro-tumoral bystander cells or possess anti-tumoral activity is still under debate. Increased numbers of CD4+ T-helper cell subsets are present in the blood of CLL patients, and T-helper cell cytokines have been shown to stimulate CLL cell survival and proliferation in vitro. In line with this, survival and growth of CLL cells in murine xenograft models have been shown to rely on activated CD4+ T-cells. This led to the hypothesis that T-cells are tumor-supportive in CLL. In recent years, evidence for an enrichment of antigen-experienced CD8+ T-cells in CLL has accumulated, and these cells have been shown to control leukemia in a CLL mouse model. Based on this, it was suggested that CD8+ T-cells recognize CLL-specific antigens and exert an anti-leukemia function. As described for other cancer entities, T-cells in CLL express multiple inhibitory receptors, such as PD-1, and lose their functional capacity, leading to an exhaustion phenotype which has been shown to be more severe in T-cells from secondary lymphoid organs compared with peripheral blood. This exhausted phenotype has been suggested to be causative for the poor response of CLL patients to CAR T-cell therapies. In addition, T-cells have been shown to be affected by drugs that are used to treat CLL, which likely impacts therapy response. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about alterations of T-cells in CLL, including their distribution, function, and exhaustion state in blood and lymphoid organs, and touches also on the topic of how CLL drugs impact on the T-cell compartment and recent results of T-cell-based immunotherapy. We will discuss potential pathological roles of T-cell subsets in CLL and address the question of whether they foster progression or control of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Roessner
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Seiffert
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Chao X, Yi L, Lan LL, Wei HY, Wei D. Long-term PM 2.5 exposure increases the risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression by enhancing interleukin-17a (IL-17a)-regulated proliferation and metastasis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11579-11602. [PMID: 32554855 PMCID: PMC7343463 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 is a class of airborne particles and droplets with sustained high levels in many developing countries. Epidemiological studies have indicated that PM2.5 is closely associated with the increased morbidity and mortality of lung cancer in the world. Unfortunately, the effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer are largely unknown. In the present study, we attempted to explore the role of PM2.5 in the etiology of NSCLC. Here, we found that long-term PM2.5 exposure led to significant pulmonary injury. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSC) properties were highly induced by PM2.5 exposure. EMT was evidenced by the significant up-regulation of MMP2, MMP9, TGF-β1, α-SMA, Fibronectin and Vimentin. Lung cancer progression was associated with the increased expression of Kras, c-Myc, breast cancer resistance protein BCRP (ABCG2), OCT4, SOX2 and Aldh1a1, but the decreased expression of p53 and PTEN. Importantly, mice with IL-17a knockout (IL-17a-/-) showed significantly alleviated lung injury and CSC properties following PM2.5 exposure. Also, IL-17a-/--attenuated tumor growth was recovered in PM2.5-exposed mice injected with recombinant mouse IL-17a, accompanied with significantly restored lung metastasis. Taken together, these data revealed that PM2.5 could promote the progression of lung cancer by enhancing the proliferation and metastasis through IL-17a signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Chao
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yi
- Centers of Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Lan Lan
- Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Han Yun Wei
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Shihuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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18
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Chen K, Tang H, Zhu P, Ye J, Liu D, Pu Y, Zhang L, Zhai W. Interleukin 17A promotes gallbladder cancer invasiveness via ERK/NF-κB signal pathway mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Cancer 2020; 11:4406-4412. [PMID: 32489459 PMCID: PMC7255371 DOI: 10.7150/jca.40656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) plays an important role in pathology of tumor microenvironment and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we intend to investigate the role of IL-17A on the metastasis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) and related mechanisms. The serum levels of IL-17A were associated with node metastasis and advanced stage. We also found the pro-invasion effect of IL-17A on GBC cells. When treated with IL-17A, the protein level of epithelial marker E-cadherin in GBC cells was significantly down-regulated, while the protein level of the mesenchymal phenotype marker vimentin was significantly increased. IL-17A increased the expression of transcription factor slug, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p50 and p65 in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment of cells with U0126 could reverse the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p50 and p65 and EMT induced by IL-17A. IL-17A promotes gallbladder cancer invasiveness via ERK/NF-κB signal pathway mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. As a new therapeutic targets and diagnostic marker, IL-17A may play an important role in the treatment of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Hongwei Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jianwen Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Yansong Pu
- Departments of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-Pancreato-Bililary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenlong Zhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
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19
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Differential cytokine network profile in polycythemia vera and secondary polycythemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7032. [PMID: 32341381 PMCID: PMC7468352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycythemia vera (PV) is a clonal disorder resulting from neoplastic transformation of hematopoietic stem cells, while secondary polycythemia (SP) is a disease characterized by increased absolute red blood cell mass caused by stimulation of red blood cell production. Although the physiopathology of SP and PV is distinct, patients with these diseases share similar symptoms. The early differential diagnosis may improve the quality of life and decrease the disease burden in PV patients, as well as enable curative treatment for SP patients. PV is considered an oncoinflammatory disease because PV patients exhibit augmented levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this sense, we examined whether analysis of the cytokine production profile of SP and PV patients would help to distinguish them, despite their clinical similarities. Here we reported that SP patients exhibited decreased plasma levels of, IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-12p70 and TNF-α when compared with PV patients, suggesting that analysis of the cytokine production profile may be an useful diagnostic biomarker to distinguish PV from SP patients.
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20
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Elston L, Fegan C, Hills R, Hashimdeen SS, Walsby E, Henley P, Pepper C, Man S. Increased frequency of CD4 + PD-1 + HLA-DR + T cells is associated with disease progression in CLL. Br J Haematol 2020; 188:872-880. [PMID: 31702049 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients often have abnormal expansions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and this can be associated with progressive disease. To characterise the key T-cell populations involved in this phenomenon, we used flow cytometry and 11 phenotypic markers to study 74 CLL patients and 14 controls. T cells of CLL patients were more phenotypically complex than those of healthy controls with significant increases in the frequencies of CD4 and CD8 memory T cells expressing exhaustion-, activation- and senescence-associated markers. Multivariate analysis of 111 different T-cell subsets showed that high frequencies of four subsets (three CD8 and one CD4) were associated with shorter progression-free survival. The most significant association was with CD4+ HLA-DR+ PD-1+ T cells, and patients could be stratified into high- and low-risk groups based on the frequency of these T cells. The expansion of this CD4+ subset could not be accounted for by age, cytomegalovirus infection or increases in Treg cells. Overall, these results highlight two relatively simple biomarkers, percentage CD8+ and percentage CD4+ PD-1+ HLA-DR+ T cells, which can be used to risk-stratify CLL patients, independent of other tumour-associated markers. They also provide further evidence for the pivotal role of T cells in modulating the pathology of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Elston
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chris Fegan
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert Hills
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shaikh S Hashimdeen
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elisabeth Walsby
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Henley
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chris Pepper
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Stephen Man
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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21
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Allegra A, Musolino C, Tonacci A, Pioggia G, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. Clinico-Biological Implications of Modified Levels of Cytokines in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Possible Therapeutic Role. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020524. [PMID: 32102441 PMCID: PMC7072434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the main cause of mortality among hematologic diseases in Western nations. B-CLL is correlated with an intense alteration of the immune system. The altered functions of innate immune elements and adaptive immune factors are interconnected in B-CLL and are decisive for its onset, evolution, and therapeutic response. Modifications in the cytokine balance could support the growth of the leukemic clone via a modulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis, as some cytokines have been reported to be able to affect the life of B-CLL cells in vivo. In this review, we will examine the role played by cytokines in the cellular dynamics of B-CLL patients, interpret the contradictions sometimes present in the literature regarding their action, and evaluate the possibility of manipulating their production in order to intervene in the natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Ibrutinib treatment inhibits breast cancer progression and metastasis by inducing conversion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells to dendritic cells. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1005-1013. [PMID: 32025027 PMCID: PMC7109110 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ibrutinib is a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and interleukin-2-inducible kinase (ITK) inhibitor used for treating chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and other cancers. Although ibrutinib is known to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cell growth in vitro, its impact on the treatment and metastasis of breast cancer is unclear. METHODS Using an orthotopic mouse breast cancer model, we show that ibrutinib inhibits the progression and metastasis of breast cancer. RESULTS Ibrutinib inhibited proliferation of cancer cells in vitro, and Ibrutinib-treated mice displayed significantly lower tumour burdens and metastasis compared to controls. Furthermore, the spleens and tumours from Ibrutinib-treated mice contained more mature DCs and lower numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which promote disease progression and are linked to poor prognosis. We also confirmed that ex vivo treatment of MDSCs with ibrutinib switched their phenotype to mature DCs and significantly enhanced MHCII expression. Further, ibrutinib treatment promoted T cell proliferation and effector functions leading to the induction of antitumour TH1 and CTL immune responses. CONCLUSIONS Ibrutinib inhibits tumour development and metastasis in breast cancer by promoting the development of mature DCs from MDSCs and hence could be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) has long been thought to be an immunosuppressive disease and abnormalities in T-cell subset distribution and function have been observed in many studies. However, the role of T cells (if any) in disease progression remains unclear and has not been directly studied. This has changed with the advent of new therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, which actively use retargeted patient-derived T cells as "living drugs" for CLL. However complete responses are relatively low (~26%) and recent studies have suggested the differentiation status of patient T cells before therapy may influence efficacy. Non-chemotherapeutic drugs, such as idelalisib and ibrutinib, also have an impact on T cell populations in CLL patients. This review will highlight what is known about T cells in CLL during disease progression and after treatment, and discuss the prospects of using T cells as predictive biomarkers for immune status and response to therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Piperidines
- Purines/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Quinazolinones/therapeutic use
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Man
- Section of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Henley
- Section of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Wu Z, He D, Zhao S, Wang H. IL-17A/IL-17RA promotes invasion and activates MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression via p38 MAPK signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 455:195-206. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Haseeb M, Anwar MA, Choi S. Molecular Interactions Between Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Their Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2720. [PMID: 30542344 PMCID: PMC6277854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity constitutes the first line of host defense against various anomalies in humans, and it also guides the adaptive immune response. The function of innate immune components and adaptive immune components are interlinked in hematological malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and molecular interactions between innate and adaptive immune components are crucial for the development, progression and the therapeutic outcome of CLL. In this leukemia, genetic mutations in B cells and B cell receptors (BCR) are key driving factors along with evasion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and promotion of regulatory T cells. Similarly, the release of various cytokines from CLL cells triggers the protumor phenotype in macrophages that further edges the CLL cells. Moreover, under the influence of various cytokines, dendritic cells are unable to mature and trigger T cell mediated antitumor response. The phenotypes of these cells are ultimately controlled by respective signaling pathways, the most notables are BCR, Wnt, Notch, and NF-κB, and their activation affects the cytokine profile that controls the pathogenesis of CLL, and challenge its treatment. There are several novel substances for CLL under clinical development, including kinase inhibitors, antibodies, and immune-modulators that offer new hopes. DC-based vaccines and CAR T cell therapy are promising tools; however, further studies are required to precisely dissect the molecular interactions among various molecular entities. In this review, we systematically discuss the involvement, common targets and therapeutic interventions of various cells for the better understanding and therapy of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haseeb
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Yang Z, Liu Q, Shi H, Jiang X, Wang S, Lu Y, Zhang J, Huang X, Yu A. Interleukin 17A exacerbates ER-stress-mediated inflammation of macrophages following ICH. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Deviations in Peripheral Blood Cell Populations are Associated with the Stage of Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Presence of Itching. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 66:443-452. [PMID: 29951695 PMCID: PMC6245241 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the role of Th17, Treg cells, activated T CD3+ and B CD19+ lymphocytes in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients. 40 female patients with PBC and 20 healthy donors were enrolled in this study. The percentages and absolute counts of Th17, Treg, activated T CD3+, B CD19+, NK, NKT-like lymphocytes were measured by flow cytometry. Our research revealed significantly lower frequencies and absolute counts of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells (p < 0.0001), higher percentages and absolute counts of Th17 cells (IL-17A+CD3+CD4+; p < 0.0001 and p = 0.009, respectively), CD3−/CD16+CD56+ NK cells (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.039, respectively), CD3+/CD16+CD56+ NKT-like cells (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.048, respectively). There were also higher percentages and numbers of B CD19+ lymphocytes (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively) and higher percentages and absolute counts of activated B CD19+CD25+ cells (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002, respectively). Moreover, we observed a statistically significant correlation between the presence of itching and particular peripheral blood subpopulations in PBC patients. Absolute counts of both CD4+CD3+ cells (p = 0.0119) and CD3+CD25+ cells (p = 0.0329) were lower in patients with pruritus. A similar dependency was noted in reference to percentages of NKT-like cells (CD3+/CD16+CD56+; p = 0.0359) and (CD3+) T lymphocytes (p = 0.0302). Th17 and Treg cells are involved in the course of PBC. There is also the association between the pruritus and peripheral blood subpopulations.
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Significance of Frequencies, Compositions, and/or Antileukemic Activity of (DC-stimulated) Invariant NKT, NK and CIK Cells on the Outcome of Patients With AML, ALL and CLL. J Immunother 2018; 40:224-248. [PMID: 28557814 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT)/natural killer (NK)/cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are important for immune surveillance. (I) Novel combinations of antibody 6B11 (targeting the Vα24-Jα18-invariant T-cell receptor) with CD4/CD8/CD1d/Vα24 for iNKT subset detection and "T/NK cell-like"-iNKT subsets were defined. Compared with healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) (significantly) lower proportions of iNKT cells (6B11/6B11CD3/6B11CD161), NK cells (CD3CD56/CD3CD161), and CIK cells (CD3CD56/CD3CD161) were found in peripheral blood MNC from acute myeloid (AML)/acute myeloid, lymphoid (ALL)/chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) patients in acute disease stages. Subtyping of iNKT cells revealed (significantly) higher proportions of CD3 T cells and CD161 NK cells in AML/ALL/CLL expressing 6B11 compared with healthy MNC. Prognostic evaluations showed higher proportions of iNKT/NK/CIK cells in favorable AML subgroups (younger age, primary, no extramedullary disease, achievement/maintenance of complete remission) or adult ALL and CLL patients. (II) iNKT/NK/CIK cell frequencies increased after (vs. before) mixed lymphocyte cultures of T-cell-enriched immune reactive cells stimulated with MNC/whole blood with or without pretreatment with "cocktails" (dendritic cells generating methods/kits inducing blasts' conversion to leukemia-derived dendritic cells from AML patients). Individual "cocktails" leading to "highest" iNKT cell frequencies could be defined. Antileukemic blast lytic activity correlated significantly with frequencies of iNKT/NK/CIK cells. In summary healthy MNC show significantly more iNKT/NK/CIK cells compared with AML/ALL/CLL MNC, a shift in the iNKT cell composition is seen in healthy versus leukemic samples and iNKT/NK/CIK cell-proportions in AML/ALL/CLL MNC samples correlate with prognosis. "Cocktail"-treated AML blasts lead to higher iNKT/NK/CIK cell frequencies and samples with antileukemic activity show significantly higher frequencies of iNKT/NK/CIK cells. Proportions of iNKT/NK/CIK cells should regularly be evaluated in AML/ALL/CLL diagnosis panels for quantitative/prognostic estimation of individual patients' antileukemic potential and their role in dendritic cells/leukemia-derived dendritic cells triggered immune surveillance.
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29
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Zhu F, McCaw L, Spaner DE, Gorczynski RM. Targeting the IL-17/IL-6 axis can alter growth of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in vivo/in vitro. Leuk Res 2018; 66:28-38. [PMID: 29353760 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to the longevity of tumor B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and the cytokines they produce including IL-6 are important components of the TME in CLL. We found BMMSCs supported the survival of CLL cells in vitro through an IL-6 dependent mechanism. IL-17 which induces IL-6 generation in a variety of cells increased production of IL-6 both in CLL cells and BMMSCs in vitro. In a xenograft CLL mouse model, BMMSCs and the culture supernatant of BMMSCs increased engraftment of CLL cells through an IL-6 mediated mechanism with human recombinant IL-6 showing similar effects in vivo. Human recombinant IL-17 treatment also increased CLL engraftment in mice through an IL-6 mediated mechanism. Plasma of CLL patients showed elevated levels of both IL-6 and IL-17 by ELISA compared with healthy controls, with levels of IL-6 linearly correlated with IL-17 levels. CLL patients requiring fludarabine based chemotherapy expressed higher levels of IL-6 and IL-17, while CLL patients with the lowest levels of IgA/IgM had higher levels of IL-6, but not IL-17. These data imply an important role for the IL-17/IL-6 axis in CLL which could be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhu
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Transplant Research Division, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lindsay McCaw
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - David E Spaner
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Dept. of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reginald M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Transplant Research Division, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Dept. of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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30
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Kouzegaran S, Siroosbakht S, Farsad BF, Rezakhaniha B, Dormanesh B, Behnod V, Tanha AS. Elevated IL-17A and IL-22 regulate expression of inducible CD38 and Zap-70 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 94:143-147. [PMID: 27718514 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the role and expression of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-22 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. METHODS We evaluated the expression of markers above on CLL by ELISA, qRT-PCR, flow cytometric analysis and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-22 in PBMCs of CLL patients were upregulated compared with those from healthy subjects (mean ± SD: 1.96 ± 0.232 vs.0.72 ± 0.15, P < 0.001 and mean ± SD: 2.45 ± 0.534 vs.0.81 ± 0.26, P < 0.001, respectivily). In addition, findings showed that the IL-17A and IL-22 plasma level was significantly elevated than that from healthy control group (P < 0.001). The median IL-17A and IL-22 in CLL patients and healthy control group were 48.28 ± 17.2 pg mL-1 ; 20.01 ± 11.16 pg mL-1 and 58.68 ± 23.4 pg mL-1 ;16.47 ± 10.31 P < 0.001, respectively. The levels of IL-17A and IL-22 was not significantly associated with the different stages of disease (Rai stages; Kruskal-Wallis test P > 0.05).No significant relationship was found between expression of CD38 and higher median serum levels of IL-17A in patients, but patients with negative expression of ZAP-70 showed a significant association with higher median serum levels of IL-17A compared with healthy subjects. (57.84 pg mL-1 vs. 31.67 pg mL-1 ; P = 0.016). CONCLUSION IL-22 is elevated and associated with CD38 and Zap-70 expression in patients with CLL. No significant correlation was found between expression of CD38 and increased levels of IL-17A, negative expression of ZAP-70 showed a significant association with increased levels of IL-17A. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Kouzegaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Bahram Fariborz Farsad
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Department of Pharmacotherapy, IIran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Rezakhaniha
- Department of Urology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafshe Dormanesh
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Behnod
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Saber Tanha
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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31
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Hu D, Notarbartolo S, Croonenborghs T, Patel B, Cialic R, Yang TH, Aschenbrenner D, Andersson KM, Gattorno M, Pham M, Kivisakk P, Pierre IV, Lee Y, Kiani K, Bokarewa M, Tjon E, Pochet N, Sallusto F, Kuchroo VK, Weiner HL. Transcriptional signature of human pro-inflammatory T H17 cells identifies reduced IL10 gene expression in multiple sclerosis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1600. [PMID: 29150604 PMCID: PMC5693957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the molecular signature of murine pathogenic TH17 cells that induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in animals. Here we show that human peripheral blood IFN-γ+IL-17+ (TH1/17) and IFN-γ−IL-17+ (TH17) CD4+ T cells display distinct transcriptional profiles in high-throughput transcription analyses. Compared to TH17 cells, TH1/17 cells have gene signatures with marked similarity to mouse pathogenic TH17 cells. Assessing 15 representative signature genes in patients with multiple sclerosis, we find that TH1/17 cells have elevated expression of CXCR3 and reduced expression of IFNG, CCL3, CLL4, GZMB, and IL10 compared to healthy controls. Moreover, higher expression of IL10 in TH17 cells is found in clinically stable vs. active patients. Our results define the molecular signature of human pro-inflammatory TH17 cells, which can be used to both identify pathogenic TH17 cells and to measure the effect of treatment on TH17 cells in human autoimmune diseases. CD4+ T cells secreting interleukin-17 (TH17) have diverse functions in modulating autoimmune diseases. Here the authors show via transcriptome analyses that a subset of human TH 17 co-expressing interferon-γ (TH1/17) has a molecular signature similar to “pathogenic” mouse TH 17 but distinct from “non-pathogenic” mouse TH 17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tom Croonenborghs
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,KU Leuven Technology Campus Geel, AdvISe, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440, Geel, Belgium.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bonny Patel
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ron Cialic
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tun-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dominik Aschenbrenner
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NDM Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Karin M Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Second Division of Pediatrics, G. Gaslini Scientific Institute, Largo Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16100, Genova(GE), Italy
| | - Minh Pham
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pia Kivisakk
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isabelle V Pierre
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Youjin Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karun Kiani
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Box 480, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emily Tjon
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nathalie Pochet
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Hus I, Bojarska-Junak A, Kamińska M, Dobrzyńska-Rutkowska A, Szatan K, Szymczyk A, Kukiełka-Budny B, Szczepanek D, Roliński J. Imbalance in circulatory iNKT, Th17 and T regulatory cell frequencies in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7957-7964. [PMID: 29250184 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are important in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma immunity, however the function of T cell subsets, including natural killer (iNKT), T helper (Th)17, and T regulatory cells remains to be elucidated. The present study analyzed the frequencies of iNKT, Th17 and T regulatory cells in the peripheral blood of 41 patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma at diagnosis, then during and following immunochemotherapy R-CHOP/R-CVP. At lymphoma diagnosis, iNKT and Th17 frequencies were decreased and T regulatory cell frequencies were increased compared with healthy control group. The Th17 cell percentage was lower in patients with a worse prognosis and at a more advanced clinical stage and in contrast, the percentage of T regulatory cells was increased in patients at advanced stages of lymphoma, compared to earlier stages. There was an increase of iNKT and Th17 cells following R-CHOP/R-CVP therapy. In patients that responded, both prior to and following-treatment, percentages of iNKT and Th17 were higher and T regulatory cells were lower compared with patients with subsequent disease progression. Taken together, the results obtained demonstrated the opposing effects of T cell subsets in B-cell lymphoma immunity, with iNKT and Th17 inhibiting and T regulatory cells enhancing tumor growth. These alterations may be caused by malignant B-cells, however there may also be an axis of inverse feedback between T regulatory cells and their interaction with Th17 and iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Hus
- Department of Clinical Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. John of Dukla Lublin Region Cancer Center, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Szatan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. John of Dukla Lublin Region Cancer Center, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szymczyk
- Department of Clinical Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bożena Kukiełka-Budny
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. John of Dukla Lublin Region Cancer Center, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szczepanek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-954, Poland
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Emerging role of BCR signaling inhibitors in immunomodulation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1867-1875. [PMID: 29296833 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017006809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approved therapies that target the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, such as ibrutinib and idelalisib, are known to show activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) via their direct effects on crucial survival pathways in malignant B cells. However, these therapies also have effects on T cells in CLL by mediating toxicity and possibly controlling disease. By focusing on the effects of BCR signaling inhibitors on the T-cell compartment, we may gain new insights into the comprehensive biological outcomes of systemic treatment to further understand mechanisms of drug efficacy, predict the toxicity or adverse events, and identify novel combinatorial therapies. Here, we review T-cell abnormalities in preclinical models and patient samples, finding that CLL T cells orchestrate immune dysfunction and immune-related complications. We then continue to address the effects of clinically available small molecule BCR signaling inhibitors on the immune cells, especially T cells, in the context of concomitant immune-mediated adverse events and implications for future treatment strategies. Our review suggests potentially novel mechanisms of action related to BCR inhibitors, providing a rationale to extend their use to other cancers and autoimmune disorders.
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Song Y, Yang JM. Role of interleukin (IL)-17 and T-helper (Th)17 cells in cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1-8. [PMID: 28859982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine, is reported to be significantly generated by a distinct subset of CD4+ T-cells, upgrading cancer-elicited inflammation and preventing cancer cells from immune surveillance. T-helper (Th)17 cells produced from naive CD4+ T cells have recently been renowned and generally accepted, gaining eminence in cancer studies and playing the effective role in context of cancer. Th17 cells are the main source of IL-17-secreting cells, It was found that other cell types produced this cytokine as well, including Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3), δγT cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, lymphoid-tissue inducer (LTi)-like cells and Natural killer (NK) cells. Th17-associated cytokines give impetus to tumor progression, or inducing angiogenesis and metastasis. This review demonstrates an understanding on how the pro- or antitumor function of Th17 cells and IL-17 may change cancer progression, leading to the appearance of complex and pivotal biologic activities in tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
| | - Jian Ming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
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Long M, Beckwith K, Do P, Mundy BL, Gordon A, Lehman AM, Maddocks KJ, Cheney C, Jones JA, Flynn JM, Andritsos LA, Awan F, Fraietta JA, June CH, Maus MV, Woyach JA, Caligiuri MA, Johnson AJ, Muthusamy N, Byrd JC. Ibrutinib treatment improves T cell number and function in CLL patients. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3052-3064. [PMID: 28714866 DOI: 10.1172/jci89756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ibrutinib has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and IL-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK). The relative importance of inhibiting these 2 kinases has not been examined despite its relevance to immune-based therapies. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients on clinical trials of ibrutinib (BTK/ITK inhibitor; n = 19) or acalabrutinib (selective BTK inhibitor; n = 13) were collected serially. T cell phenotype, immune function, and CLL cell immunosuppressive capacity were evaluated. RESULTS Ibrutinib markedly increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers in CLL patients. This effect was more prominent in effector/effector memory subsets and was not observed with acalabrutinib. Ex vivo studies demonstrated that this may be due to diminished activation-induced cell death through ITK inhibition. PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression was significantly markedly reduced in T cells by both agents. While the number of Treg cells remained unchanged, the ratio of these to conventional CD4+ T cells was reduced with ibrutinib, but not acalabrutinib. Both agents reduced expression of the immunosuppressive molecules CD200 and BTLA as well as IL-10 production by CLL cells. CONCLUSIONS Ibrutinib treatment increased the in vivo persistence of activated T cells, decreased the Treg/CD4+ T cell ratio, and diminished the immune-suppressive properties of CLL cells through BTK-dependent and -independent mechanisms. These features provide a strong rationale for combination immunotherapy approaches with ibrutinib in CLL and other cancers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01589302 and NCT02029443. Samples described here were collected per OSU-0025. FUNDING The National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyle Beckwith
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University
| | - Priscilla Do
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University
| | - Bethany L Mundy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amber Gordon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy M Lehman
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kami J Maddocks
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carolyn Cheney
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Jones
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph M Flynn
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Leslie A Andritsos
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Farrukh Awan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer A Woyach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy J Johnson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Johdi NA, Ait-Tahar K, Sagap I, Jamal R. Molecular Signatures of Human Regulatory T Cells in Colorectal Cancer and Polyps. Front Immunol 2017; 8:620. [PMID: 28611777 PMCID: PMC5447675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, play a pivotal role in regulating immune homeostasis. An increase in Tregs was reported in many tumors to be associated with immune suppression and evasion in cancer patients. Despite the importance of Tregs, the molecular signatures that contributed to their pathophysiological relevance remain poorly understood and controversial. In this study, we explored the gene expression profiles in Tregs derived from patients with colorectal cancer [colorectal carcinoma (CRC), n = 15], colorectal polyps (P, n = 15), and in healthy volunteers (N, n = 15). Tregs were analyzed using CD4+CD25+CD127lowFoxP3+ antibody markers. Gene expression profiling analysis leads to the identification of 61 and 66 immune-related genes in Tregs derived from CRC and P patients, respectively, but not in N-derived Treg samples. Of these, 30 genes were differentially expressed both in CRC- and P-derived Tregs when compared to N-derived Tregs. Most of the identified genes were involved in cytokine/chemokine mediators of inflammation, chemokine receptor, lymphocyte activation, and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways. This study highlights some of the molecular signatures that may affect Tregs’ expansion and possible suppression of function in cancer development. Our findings may provide a better understanding of the immunomodulatory nature of Tregs and could, therefore, open up new avenues in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Adzimah Johdi
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamel Ait-Tahar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Sagap
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Itchaki G, Brown JR. Lenalidomide in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:633-650. [PMID: 28388253 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1313230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) with a unique mode of action (MOA) that may vary across disease-type. It is currently approved in multiple myeloma (MM), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), yet is also clinically active in a host of lymphoproliferative diseases, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Due to its protean effects on the immune system, lenalidomide may be particularly appealing in CLL, which is distinct in its ability to evade immune recognition and cause immunosuppression. Areas covered: This review recaps the biological mechanisms of lenalidomide specific for CLL, and summarizes the clinical data in previously untreated and relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL patients, with emphasis on toxicity. Moreover, lenalidomide treatment is put into the context of the highly effective targeted agents that are drastically changing the therapeutic approach in CLL. Expert opinion: Lenalidomide is a potent drug in CLL, both in first line and relapse. However, in comparison to other newly available agents, lenalidomide has slow onset of efficacy and notable toxicity profile that limits both its single agent use and combinations with chemotherapy. Future trials will hopefully direct our ability to harness lenalidomide MOA to best incorporate it in the rapidly evolving landscape of CLL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Itchaki
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Dana Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Dana Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
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Purroy N, Wu CJ. Coevolution of Leukemia and Host Immune Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a026740. [PMID: 28096240 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative studies on the dissection of changes in driver genetic lesions in cancer across the course of the disease have provided powerful insights into the adaptive mechanisms of tumors in response to the selective pressures of therapy and environmental changes. In particular, the advent of next-generation-sequencing (NGS)-based technologies and its implementation for the large-scale comprehensive analyses of cancers have greatly advanced our understanding of cancer as a complex dynamic system wherein genetically distinct subclones interact and compete during tumor evolution. Aside from genetic evolution arising from interactions intrinsic to the cell subpopulations within tumors, it is increasingly appreciated that reciprocal interactions between the tumor cell and cellular constituents of the microenvironment further exert selective pressures on specific clones that can impact the balance between tumor immunity and immunologic evasion and escape. Herein, we review the evidence supporting these concepts, with a particular focus on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a disease that has been highly amenable to genomic interrogation and studies of clonal heterogeneity and evolution. Better knowledge of the basis for immune escape has an important clinical impact on prognostic stratification and on the pursuit of new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Purroy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Yousefi M, Movassaghpour AA, Shamsasenjan K, Ghalamfarsa G, Sadreddini S, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Hojjat-Farsangi M. The skewed balance between Tregs and Th17 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Future Oncol 2016; 11:1567-82. [PMID: 25963433 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While Tregs maintain self-tolerance and inhibit antitumor responses, T helper (Th)17 cells may enhance inflammatory and antitumor responses. The balance between these two important T-cell subsets has been skewed in many immunopathologic conditions such as autoimmune and cancer diseases. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in the western world and is characterized with monoclonal expansion of B lymphocytes. There is evidence which implies that the progression of CLL is associated with expansion of Treg and downregulation of Th17 cells. In this review, we will discuss about immunobiology of Treg and Th17 cells and their role in immunopathogenesis of CLL as well as their reciprocal changes during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Maffei R, Colaci E, Fiorcari S, Martinelli S, Potenza L, Luppi M, Marasca R. Lenalidomide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the present and future in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 97:291-302. [PMID: 26454471 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD) clinically active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), both in heavily pre-treated patients and upfront. Lenalidomide has a unique mechanism of action in CLL. Its efficacy relies on a multifactorial mode-of-action (MOA), comprising a plethora of immunomodulatory actions, the disruption of mutualistic interactions inside CLL microenvironment and direct effects against leukemic cells. In the last few years, a number of new and highly effective drugs appeared in the scenario of CLL therapeutic options, i.e. tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), showing a good safety profile and impressive clinical response, also in high-risk patients. In this review, we describe the data from clinical studies about lenalidomide efficacy in CLL and we critically dissect the different mechanisms of action of this drug. We point the attention on open issues, including drug dosage and administration schedule, prediction of clinical response to lenalidomide, and combination therapeutic strategies. This overview would be useful to envision a possible role of lenalidomide in the treatment flow-chart of CLL, exploiting its peculiar MOA and also exploring the possible synergetic effect with new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Maffei
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colaci
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Fiorcari
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Martinelli
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Expression of Th17 cell population regulatory cytokines in laryngeal carcinoma - Preliminary study. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:195-200. [PMID: 26557759 PMCID: PMC4631281 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2015.51612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of regulatory and proinflammatory cytokines IL-23 and IL-17 as Th17 lymphocyte activity markers in relation to invasiveness in laryngeal cancer. Material and methods The immunological analysis was conducted in 50 patients treated for squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma and 30 healthy volunteers as controls. The levels of IL-23 and IL-17 in supernatants of purified peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures were determined by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The clinicomorphological criteria included pTNM, stage, G, and the total tumour front grading (TFG) score. Results Our data demonstrated higher concentrations of IL-23 in patients as compared to controls (p = 0.0001). No statistical difference for IL-17 in these groups was observed. Our study revealed significant dependences in IL-23 expression on pT (p = 0.04), histological differentiation (p = 0.04), and TFG total score (p = 0.02). Advanced tumours (pT3–pT4) with higher grade (G2–G3) and higher invasiveness (> 14 TFG points) were characterised by elevated IL-23 levels in PBMC supernatants. Our data did not indicate a relationship between cytokine levels and three- and five-year survival. However, a tendency towards lower content of IL-23 in PBMC cultures in patients who lived longer than five years after treatment was noted. The relationships between IL-17 level in PBMC cultures and clinicomorphological and prognostic parameters have not been disclosed. Conclusions The results of this study suggest the importance of regulatory cytokine IL-23 in determining the aggressive potential of laryngeal carcinomas.
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Wallace ME, Alcantara MB, Minoda Y, Kannourakis G, Berzins SP. An emerging role for immune regulatory subsets in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:897-900. [PMID: 25862133 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The last few years has seen the burgeoning of a new category of therapeutics for cancer targeting immune regulatory pathways. Antibodies that block the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction are perhaps the most prominent of these new anti-cancer therapies, but several other inhibitory receptor ligand interactions have also shown promise as targets in clinical trials, including CTLA-4/CD80 and Lag-3/MHC class II. Related to this is a rapidly improving knowledge of 'regulatory' lymphocyte lineages, including NKT cells, MAIT cells, B regulatory cells and others. These cells have potent cytokine responses that can influence the functioning of other immune cells and many researchers believe that they could be effective targets for therapies designed to enhance immune responses to cancer. This review will outline our current understanding of FOXP3+ 'Tregs', NKT cells, MAIT cells and B regulatory cells immune regulatory cell populations in cancer, with a particular focus on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). We will discuss evidence linking CLL with immune regulatory dysfunction and the potential for new therapies targeting regulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Wallace
- Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marice B Alcantara
- Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yosuke Minoda
- Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart P Berzins
- Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Punt S, Langenhoff JM, Putter H, Fleuren GJ, Gorter A, Jordanova ES. The correlations between IL-17 vs. Th17 cells and cancer patient survival: a systematic review. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e984547. [PMID: 25949881 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.984547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both IL-17 and Th17 cells have been ascribed tumor promoting as well as tumor suppressing functions. We reviewed the literature on correlations between IL-17 versus Th17 cells and survival in human cancer, following the PRISMA guidelines. Serum, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and peripheral blood samples were most frequently studied. High IL-17 quantities were correlated with poor prognosis, whereas high Th17 cell frequencies were correlated with improved prognosis. Since Th17 cells are a subpopulation of IL-17+ cells and had a different correlation with prognosis than total IL-17, we substantiate that a distinction should be made between Th17 and other IL-17+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Punt
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - H Putter
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics; Leiden University Medical Center ; Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Fleuren
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arko Gorter
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wang Y, Wu H, Wu X, Bian Z, Gao Q. Interleukin 17A promotes gastric cancer invasiveness via NF-κB mediated matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96678. [PMID: 24905806 PMCID: PMC4048176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17A (IL-17A), as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is involved in pathology of inflammatory diseases and tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of IL-17A on the invasiveness of gastric cancer (GC). In the study, we found that IL-17A could promote the migration and invasion of GC cells. Furthermore, after treated with IL-17A, the expressions and activities of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were upregulated, while the expressions of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were downregulated. Moreover, the nuclear/overall fractions of p65 and p50 were dramatically elevated by IL-17A. Pretreatment with helenalin, a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor, was proved to abolish the promoting effect of IL-17A on the invasion ability of GC cells and upregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In conclusion, our findings illustrated that IL-17A could promote the invasion of GC cells by activating NF-κB pathway, and subsequently upregulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. These results may lead to the identification of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, XIAN XD GROUP Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoqiong Bian
- Department 5 of rheumatology, the fifth hospital of Xi’an city, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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