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Wang C, Liu Y, Yang Y, Teng M, Wan X, Wu Z, Zhang Z. Splenic proteome profiling in response to Marek's disease virus strain GX0101 infection. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:10. [PMID: 38183097 PMCID: PMC10768084 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) strain GX0101 was the first reported field strain of recombinant gallid herpesvirus type 2 (GaHV-2). However, the splenic proteome of MDV-infected chickens remains unclear. In this study, a total of 28 1-day-old SPF chickens were intraperitoneally injected with chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) containing 2000 PFU GX0101. Additionally, a control group, consisting of four one-day-old SPF chickens, received intraperitoneal equal doses of CEF. Blood and various tissue samples were collected at different intervals (7, 14, 21, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days post-infection; dpi) for histopathological, real-time PCR, and label-free quantitative analyses. The results showed that the serum expressions of MDV-related genes, meq and gB, peaked at 45 dpi. The heart, liver, and spleen were dissected at 30 and 45 dpi, and their hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated that virus infection compromised the normal organizational structure at 45 dpi. Particularly, the spleen structure was severely damaged, and the lymphocytes in the white medulla were significantly reduced. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and label-free techniques were used to analyze the difference in splenic proteome profiles of the experimental and control groups at 30 and 45 dpi. Proteomic analysis identified 1660 and 1244 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 30 and 40 dpi, respectively, compared with the uninfected spleen tissues. According to GO analysis, these DEPs were involved in processes such as organelle organization, cellular component biogenesis, cellular component assembly, anion binding, small molecule binding, metal ion binding, cation binding, cytosol, nuclear part, etc. Additionally, KEGG analysis indicated that the following pathways were linked to MDV-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor: Wnt, Hippo, AMPK, cAMP, Notch, TGF-β, PI3K-Akt, Rap1, Ras, Calcium, NF-κB, PPAR, cGMP-PKG, Apoptosis, VEGF, mTOR, FoxO, TNF, JAK-STAT, MAPK, Prion disease, T cell receptor, and B cell receptor. We finally screened 674 DEPs that were linked to MDV infection in spleen tissue. This study improves our understanding of the MDV response mechanism in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Yuanzi Liu
- Shaanxi Meili-OH Animal Health Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 712034, PR China
| | - Yuze Yang
- Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing, 100107, PR China
| | - Man Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Xuerui Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Zixiang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
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2
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Sanjita Devi H, Rajiv C, Mondal G, Khan ZA, Devi SD, Bharali R, Chattoraj A. Influence of photoperiod variations on the mRNA expression pattern of melatonin bio-synthesizing enzyme genes in the pineal organ and retina: A study in relation to the serum melatonin profile in the tropical carp Catla catla. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1569-1581. [PMID: 36205436 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface-dwelling C. catla were exposed to different photoperiods (8L:16D, 12L:12D, 12D:12L and 16L:8D) and the mRNA level profile of enzymes involved in melatonin synthesis was evaluated in the pineal gland and retina. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the serum melatonin profile with the mRNA level was also performed. The results indicated diurnal variations in the transcripts of tph1, aanat and hiomt in the pineal organ and retina, and these variations change with the change in lighting regime. The serum melatonin profile showed rhythmicity in the natural photoperiod, but the serum melatonin level increased proportionally with increasing daylength. In short photoperiods, the peak value (though lower than in long photoperiods) of melatonin maintains a longer duration in serum. Moreover, the comparative analysis revealed a similar profile of mRNA of pineal aanat1 and aanat2 with serum melatonin under the same lighting conditions. This indicates that serum melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. Our results specify the importance of day length and the timing of onset or offset of the dark for maintaining the oscillating levels of serum melatonin and mRNA levels of melatonin biosynthesizing enzyme genes in the pineal organ and retina as well. The findings in this study highlight the distinctive pattern of mRNA levels in the pineal organ and retina under different photoperiods. The pineal melatonin biosynthesizing enzyme genes showed a similar pattern with serum melatonin levels while the retinal genes changed dramatically with photoperiod. We also revealed a light-dependent transcriptional regulation of pineal aanat genes in C. catla. Moreover, our results suggest that ALAN and skyglow can influence the levels of serum melatonin and its biosynthesis, resulting in desynchronization of the entire biological clock as well as the overall physiology of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chongtham Rajiv
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India
| | - Gopinath Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India
| | - Sijagurumayum Dharmajyoti Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India
| | - Rupjyoti Bharali
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Asamanja Chattoraj
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, India
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3
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Liu YQ, Zou HY, Xie JJ, Fang WK. Paradoxical Roles of Desmosomal Components in Head and Neck Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060914. [PMID: 34203070 PMCID: PMC8234459 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular adhesion complexes involved in various aspects of epithelial pathophysiology, including tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, and disease development. Recent studies have reported that the abnormal expression of various desmosomal components correlates with tumor progression and poor survival. In addition, desmosomes have been shown to act as a signaling platform to regulate the proliferation, invasion, migration, morphogenesis, and apoptosis of cancer cells. The occurrence and progression of head and neck cancer (HNC) is accompanied by abnormal expression of desmosomal components and loss of desmosome structure. However, the role of desmosomal components in the progression of HNC remains controversial. This review aims to provide an overview of recent developments showing the paradoxical roles of desmosomal components in tumor suppression and promotion. It offers valuable insights for HNC diagnosis and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Qiao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Hai-Ying Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: (J.-J.X.); (W.-K.F.)
| | - Wang-Kai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: (J.-J.X.); (W.-K.F.)
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4
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Kang TZE, Zhu L, Yang D, Ding D, Zhu X, Wan YCE, Liu J, Ramakrishnan S, Chan LL, Chan SY, Wang X, Gan H, Han J, Ishibashi T, Li Q, Chan KM. The elevated transcription of ADAM19 by the oncohistone H2BE76K contributes to oncogenic properties in breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100374. [PMID: 33548228 PMCID: PMC7949156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of the cancer-associated E76K mutation in histone H2B (H2BE76-to-K) in several types of cancers revealed a new class of oncohistone. H2BE76K weakens the stability of histone octamers, alters gene expression, and promotes colony formation. However, the mechanism linking the H2BE76K mutation to cancer development remains largely unknown. In this study, we knock in the H2BE76K mutation in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and show that the E76K mutant histone H2B preferentially localizes to genic regions. Interestingly, genes upregulated in the H2BE76K mutant cells are enriched for the E76K mutant H2B and are involved in cell adhesion and proliferation pathways. We focused on one H2BE76K target gene, ADAM19 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-domain-containing protein 19), a gene highly expressed in various human cancers including breast invasive carcinoma, and demonstrate that H2BE76K directly promotes ADAM19 transcription by facilitating efficient transcription along the gene body. ADAM19 depletion reduced the colony formation ability of the H2BE76K mutant cells, whereas wild-type MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing ADAM19 mimics the colony formation phenotype of the H2BE76K mutant cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate the mechanism by which H2BE76K deregulates the expression of genes that control oncogenic properties through a combined effect of its specific genomic localization and nucleosome destabilization effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Zhen Evangeline Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Du Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Dongbo Ding
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Ching Esther Wan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxian Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Saravanan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Landon Long Chan
- Department of Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Yuen Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyun Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Toyotaka Ishibashi
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Kui Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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5
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Chen Y, Yang L, Qin Y, Liu S, Qiao Y, Wan X, Zeng H, Tang X, Liu M, Hou Y. Effects of differential distributed-JUP on the malignancy of gastric cancer. J Adv Res 2020; 28:195-208. [PMID: 33364056 PMCID: PMC7753239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
JUP, a homologue of β-catenin, is a cell-cell junction protein involved in adhesion junction and desmosome composition. JUP may have a controversial role in different malignancies dependence of its competence with or collaboration with β-catenin as a transcription factor. In this study, we reveal that the function of JUP is related to its cellular location in GC development process from epithelium-like, low malignant GC to advanced EMT-phenotypic GC. Gradual loss of membrane and/or cytoplasm JUP is closely correlated with GC malignancy and poor prognostics. Knockdown of JUP in epithelium-like GC cells causes EMT and promotes GC cell migration and invasion. Ectopic expression of wild JUP in malignant GC cells leads to an attenuated malignant phenotype such as reduced cell invasive potential. In mechanism, loss of membrane and/or cytoplasm JUP abolishes the restrain of JUP to EGFR at cell membrane and results in increased p-AKT levels and AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling activity. In addition, nuclear JUP interacts with nuclear β-catenin and TCF4 and plays a synergistic role with β-catenin in promoting TCF4 transcription and its downstream target MMP7 expression to fuel GC cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yilu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yina Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xueying Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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6
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Nweke E, Ntwasa M, Brand M, Devar J, Smith M, Candy G. Increased expression of plakoglobin is associated with upregulated MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways in early resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:4133-4141. [PMID: 32382352 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancer types, and it is associated with a 5-year survival rate of <10% due to limited early detection methods and ineffective therapeutic options. Thus, an improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in the early stages of PDAC tumorigenesis is crucial in order to identify potential novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets. The most common signalling aberrations in PDAC occur in the Wnt/Notch signalling pathway, as well as within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway and its associated ligands, EGF and transforming growth factor-β. In addition, the RAS family of oncogenes, which act downstream of EGFR, are found mutated in most pancreatic cancer samples. Plakoglobin, a component of the EGFR signalling pathway, serves an important role in normal cell adhesion; however, its role in PDAC is largely unknown. The present study used transcriptome sequencing and focussed proteome microarrays to identify dysregulated genes and proteins in PDAC. The presence of upregulated plakoglobin expression levels was identified as a distinguishing feature between the PDAC microenvironment and normal pancreatic tissue. Furthermore, plakoglobin was demonstrated to be associated with the differential upregulation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signalling pathways in the tumour microenvironment, which suggested that it may serve an important role in PDAC tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekene Nweke
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - Monde Ntwasa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, Gauteng 1710, Republic of South Africa
| | - Martin Brand
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193, Republic of South Africa.,Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and The University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 0002, Republic of South Africa
| | - John Devar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193, Republic of South Africa.,Department of Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, Gauteng 1864, Republic of South Africa
| | - Martin Smith
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193, Republic of South Africa.,Department of Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, Gauteng 1864, Republic of South Africa
| | - Geoffrey Candy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193, Republic of South Africa
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7
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Elamin AA, Klunkelfuß S, Kämpfer S, Oehlmann W, Stehr M, Smith C, Simpson GR, Morgan R, Pandha H, Singh M. A Specific Blood Signature Reveals Higher Levels of S100A12: A Potential Bladder Cancer Diagnostic Biomarker Along With Urinary Engrailed-2 Protein Detection. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1484. [PMID: 31993369 PMCID: PMC6962349 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCB) or bladder cancer remains a major health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in the western world. UCB is also associated with the highest cost per patient. In recent years numerous markers have been evaluated for suitability in UCB detection and surveillance. However, to date none of these markers can replace or even reduce the use of routine tools (cytology and cystoscopy). Our current study described UCB's extensive expression profile and highlighted the variations with normal bladder tissue. Our data revealed that JUP, PTGDR, KLRF1, MT-TC, and RNU6-135P are associated with prognosis in patients with UCB. The microarray expression data identified also S100A12, S100A8, and NAMPT as potential UCB biomarkers. Pathway analysis revealed that natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity is the most involved pathway. Our analysis showed that S100A12 protein may be useful as a biomarker for early UCB detection. Plasma S100A12 has been observed in patients with UCB with an overall sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 75%. S100A12 is highly expressed preferably in high-grade and high-stage UCB. Furthermore, using a panel of more than hundred urine samples, a prototype lateral flow test for the transcription factor Engrailed-2 (EN2) also showed reasonable sensitivity (85%) and specificity (71%). Such findings provide confidence to further improve and refine the EN2 rapid test for use in clinical practice. In conclusion, S100A12 and EN2 have shown potential value as biomarker candidates for UCB patients. These results can speed up the discovery of biomarkers, improving diagnostic accuracy and may help the management of UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayssar A Elamin
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Kämpfer
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Wulf Oehlmann
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Matthias Stehr
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Christopher Smith
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Guy R Simpson
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mahavir Singh
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
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Lack of plakoglobin impairs integrity and wound healing in corneal epithelium in mice. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1375-1383. [PMID: 29802338 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated cornea-specific plakoglobin (Jup; junctional plakoglobin) knockout mice in order to investigate the function of plakoglobin on the maintenance of the homeostasis of corneal epithelium in mice. Cornea epithelium-specific conditional knockouts (JupCEΔ/CEΔ) (cKO) were obtained by breeding keratin12-Cre (Krt12-Cre) mice to Jup-floxed (Jupf/f) mice. Light and transmission electron microscopic and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to determine consequence of the loss of plakoglobin on maintaining corneal epithelium integrity under mechanical stress, e.g., brushing and wound healing. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that, although Jup ablation did not affect BrdU incorporation, basal cell-like cells labeled for keratin 14 were ectopically present in the supra-basal layer in mutant corneal epithelium, suggestive of altered cell differentiation. Plakoglobin-deficient epithelium exhibits increased fragility against mechanical intervention when compared to wild-type controls under identical treatment. Closure of an epithelial defect was significantly delayed in JupCEΔ/CEΔ epithelium. Our findings indicate that the lack of plakoglobin significantly affects corneal epithelium differentiation, as well as its structural integrity. Plakoglobin is essential to the maintenance of the structure of the corneal epithelium and its wound healing.
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9
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Alaee M, Nool K, Pasdar M. Plakoglobin restores tumor suppressor activity of p53 R175H mutant by sequestering the oncogenic potential of β-catenin. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1876-1888. [PMID: 29660231 PMCID: PMC5989865 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor/transcription factor p53 is mutated in over 50% of all cancers. Some mutant p53 proteins have not only lost tumor suppressor activities but they also gain oncogenic functions (GOF). One of the most frequently expressed GOF p53 mutants is Arg175His (p53R175H ) with well-documented roles in cancer development and progression. Plakoglobin is a cell adhesion and signaling protein and a paralog of β-catenin. Unlike β-catenin that has oncogenic function through its role in the Wnt pathway, plakoglobin generally acts as a tumor/metastasis suppressor. We have shown that plakoglobin interacted with wild type and a number of p53 mutants in various carcinoma cell lines. Plakoglobin and mutant p53 interacted with the promoter and regulated the expression of several p53 target genes. Furthermore, plakoglobin interactions with p53 mutants restored their tumor suppressor/metastasis activities in vitro. GOF p53 mutants induce accumulation and oncogenic activation of β-catenin. Previously, we showed that one mechanism by which plakoglobin may suppress tumorigenesis is by sequestering β-catenin's oncogenic activity. Here, we examined the effects of p53R175H expression on β-catenin accumulation and transcriptional activation and their modifications by plakoglobin coexpression. We showed that p53R175H expression in plakoglobin null cells increased total and nuclear levels of β-catenin and its transcriptional activity. Coexpression of plakoglobin in these cells promoted β-catenin's proteasomal degradation, and decreased its nuclear levels and transactivation. Wnt/β-catenin targets, c-MYC and S100A4 were upregulated in p53R175H cells and were downregulated when plakoglobin was coexpressed. Plakoglobin-p53R175H cells also showed significant reduction in their migration and invasion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alaee
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Kristina Nool
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Manijeh Pasdar
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
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10
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Aktary Z, Alaee M, Pasdar M. Beyond cell-cell adhesion: Plakoglobin and the regulation of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32270-32291. [PMID: 28416759 PMCID: PMC5458283 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plakoglobin (also known as? -catenin) is a member of the Armadillo family of proteins and a paralog of β -catenin. Plakoglobin is a component of both the adherens junctions and desmosomes, and therefore plays a vital role in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion. Similar to β -catenin, plakoglobin is capable of participating in cell signaling in addition to its role in cell-cell adhesion. In this context, β -catenin has a well-documented oncogenic potential as a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. In contrast, while some studies have suggested a tumor promoting activity of plakoglobin in a cell/malignancy specific context, it generally acts as a tumor/metastasis suppressor. How plakoglobin acts as a growth/metastasis inhibitory protein has remained, until recently, unclear. Recent evidence suggests that plakoglobin may suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis by multiple mechanisms, including the suppression of oncogenic signaling, interactions with various proteins involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and the regulation of the expression of genes involved in these processes. This review is primarily focused on various mechanisms by which plakoglobin may inhibit tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackie Aktary
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Mahsa Alaee
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manijeh Pasdar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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11
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The Special AT-rich Sequence Binding Protein 1 (SATB1) and its role in solid tumors. Cancer Lett 2018; 417:96-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Li Y, Hu K, Xiao X, Wu W, Yan H, Chen H, Chen Z, Yin D. FBW7 suppresses cell proliferation and G2/M cell cycle transition via promoting γ-catenin K63-linked ubiquitylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:473-479. [PMID: 29408378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Del Castillo Velasco‐Herrera M, van der Weyden L, Nsengimana J, Speak AO, Sjöberg MK, Bishop DT, Jönsson G, Newton‐Bishop J, Adams DJ. Comparative genomics reveals that loss of lunatic fringe (LFNG) promotes melanoma metastasis. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:239-255. [PMID: 29193607 PMCID: PMC5792739 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with advanced melanoma, yet the somatic alterations that aid tumour cell dissemination and colonisation are poorly understood. Here, we deploy comparative genomics to identify and validate clinically relevant drivers of melanoma metastasis. To do this, we identified a set of 976 genes whose expression level was associated with a poor outcome in patients from two large melanoma cohorts. Next, we characterised the genomes and transcriptomes of mouse melanoma cell lines defined as weakly metastatic, and their highly metastatic derivatives. By comparing expression data between species, we identified lunatic fringe (LFNG), among 28 genes whose expression level is predictive of poor prognosis and whose altered expression is associated with a prometastatic phenotype in mouse melanoma cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Lfng dramatically enhanced the capability of weakly metastatic melanoma cells to metastasise in vivo, a phenotype that could be rescued with the Lfng cDNA. Notably, genomic alterations disrupting LFNG are found exclusively in human metastatic melanomas sequenced as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas. Using comparative genomics, we show that LFNG expression plays a functional role in regulating melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremie Nsengimana
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and PathologySt James's University HospitalUniversity of LeedsUK
| | - Anneliese O. Speak
- Experimental Cancer GeneticsWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUK
| | - Marcela K. Sjöberg
- Experimental Cancer GeneticsWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUK
- Departamento de Biología Celular y MolecularFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - David Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and PathologySt James's University HospitalUniversity of LeedsUK
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and PathologyDepartment of Clinical SciencesSkåne University HospitalLund UniversitySweden
| | - Julia Newton‐Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and PathologySt James's University HospitalUniversity of LeedsUK
| | - David J. Adams
- Experimental Cancer GeneticsWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUK
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14
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Alaee M, Padda A, Mehrabani V, Churchill L, Pasdar M. The physical interaction of p53 and plakoglobin is necessary for their synergistic inhibition of migration and invasion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26898-915. [PMID: 27058623 PMCID: PMC5042024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plakoglobin (PG) is a paralog of β-catenin with similar adhesive, but contrasting signalling functions. Although β-catenin has well-known oncogenic function, PG generally acts as a tumor/metastasis suppressor by mechanisms that are just beginning to be deciphered. Previously, we showed that PG interacted with wild type (WT) and a number of mutant p53s, and that its tumor/metastasis suppressor activity may be mediated, at least partially, by this interaction. Here, carcinoma cell lines deficient in both p53 and PG (H1299), or expressing mutant p53 in the absence of PG (SCC9), were transfected with expression constructs encoding WT and different fragments and deletions of p53 and PG, individually or in pairs. Transfectants were characterized for their in vitro growth, migratory and invasive properties and for mapping the interacting domain of p53 and PG. We showed that when coexpressed, p53-WT and PG-WT cooperated to decrease growth, and acted synergistically to significantly reduce cell migration and invasion. The DNA-binding domain of p53 and C-terminal domain of PG mediated p53/PG interaction, and furthermore, the C-terminus of PG played a central role in the inhibition of invasion in association with p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alaee
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1Z2, Canada
| | - Amarjot Padda
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1Z2, Canada
| | - Vahedah Mehrabani
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1Z2, Canada
| | - Lucas Churchill
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1Z2, Canada
| | - Manijeh Pasdar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1Z2, Canada
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15
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He X, Zhou T, Yang G, Fang W, Li Z, Zhan J, Zhao Y, Cheng Z, Huang Y, Zhao H, Zhang L. The expression of plakoglobin is a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15274-87. [PMID: 26933815 PMCID: PMC4924786 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the relationship between plakoglobin expression and clinical data in the patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma. Results With follow-up of median 50.14 months, the average PFS and OS were 16.82 and 57.92 months, respectively. In 147 patients, recurrence or death was observed in 131 patients. According to the log-rank test, low plakoglobin expression was a significant predictor for favorable DFS (P=0.006) and OS (P=0.043). For the analyses within subgroups, high plakoglobin expression was an independent factor for reducing DFS in non-metastatic patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05). Moreover, high plakoglobin expression was associated with poor DFS even receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (P =0.028) and with a shorter DFS (HR, 2.01, 95%CIs, 1.35 to 2.97, P=0.001) and OS (HR, 1.94, 95%CIs, 1.12 to 3.37, P=0.019). Patients and methods The expression of plakoglobin in 147 primary tumor tissues was examined by using immunohistochemistry and clinical data were collected. The optimal cutoff value of immunoreactivity score (IRS) was calculated and used to divide all the patients into two groups: low-level group (IRS: 0-3, n=59) and high-level group (IRS: 4-12, n=88). Kaplan–Meier curves were applied to assess the plakoglobin expression and clinical variables. The univariate and multivariate Cox model analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of clinical factors and plakoglobin expression on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Conclusion High plakoglobin expression is an independent negative prognostic factor for patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangwei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Cheng
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Piven OO, Winata CL. The canonical way to make a heart: β-catenin and plakoglobin in heart development and remodeling. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1735-1745. [PMID: 28920469 PMCID: PMC5714149 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217732737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main mediator of the canonical Wnt pathway, β-catenin, is a major effector of embryonic development, postnatal tissue homeostasis, and adult tissue regeneration. The requirement for β-catenin in cardiogenesis and embryogenesis has been well established. However, many questions regarding the molecular mechanisms by which β-catenin and canonical Wnt signaling regulate these developmental processes remain unanswered. An interesting question that emerged from our studies concerns how β-catenin signaling is modulated through interaction with other factors. Recent experimental data implicate new players in canonical Wnt signaling, particularly those which modulate β-catenin function in many its biological processes, including cardiogenesis. One of the interesting candidates is plakoglobin, a little-studied member of the catenin family which shares several mechanistic and functional features with its close relative, β-catenin. Here we have focused on the function of β-catenin in cardiogenesis. We also summarize findings on plakoglobin signaling function and discuss possible interplays between β-catenin and plakoglobin in the regulation of embryonic heart development. Impact statement Heart development, function, and remodeling are complex processes orchestrated by multiple signaling networks. This review examines our current knowledge of the role of canonical Wnt signaling in cardiogenesis and heart remodeling, focusing primarily on the mechanistic action of its effector β-catenin. We summarize the generally accepted understanding of the field based on experimental in vitro and in vivo data, and address unresolved questions in the field, specifically relating to the role of canonical Wnt signaling in heart maturation and regeneration. What are the modulators of canonical Wnt, and particularly what are the potential roles of plakoglobin, a close relative of β-catenin, in regulating Wnt signaling?Answers to these questions will enhance our understanding of the mechanism by which the canonical Wnt signaling regulates development of the heart and its regeneration after damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana O Piven
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Kyiv 0314, Ukraine
| | - Cecilia L Winata
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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17
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Alaee M, Danesh G, Pasdar M. Plakoglobin Reduces the in vitro Growth, Migration and Invasion of Ovarian Cancer Cells Expressing N-Cadherin and Mutant p53. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154323. [PMID: 27144941 PMCID: PMC4856367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of cadherins and catenins plays pivotal roles in ovarian cancer development and progression. Plakoglobin (PG, γ-catenin) is a paralog of β-catenin with dual adhesive and signaling functions. While β-catenin has known oncogenic function, PG generally acts as a tumor/metastasis suppressor. We recently showed that PG interacted with p53 and that its growth/metastasis inhibitory function may be mediated by this interaction. Very little is known about the role of PG in ovarian cancer. Here, we investigated the in vitro tumor/metastasis suppressor effects of PG in ovarian cancer cell lines with mutant p53 expression and different cadherin profiles. We showed that the N-cadherin expressing and E-cadherin and PG deficient ES-2 cells were highly migratory and invasive, whereas OV-90 cells that express E-cadherin, PG and very little/no N-cadherin were not. Exogenous expression of PG or E-cadherin or N-cadherin knockdown in ES-2 cells (ES-2-E-cad, ES-2-PG and ES-2-shN-cad) significantly reduced their migration and invasion. Also, PG expression or N-cadherin knockdown significantly decreased ES-2 cells growth. Furthermore, PG interacted with both cadherins and with wild type and mutant p53 in normal ovarian and ES-2-PG cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alaee
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1Z2, Canada
| | - Ghazal Danesh
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1Z2, Canada
| | - Manijeh Pasdar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1Z2, Canada
- * E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
Desmosomes represent adhesive, spot-like intercellular junctions that in association with intermediate filaments mechanically link neighboring cells and stabilize tissue architecture. In addition to this structural function, desmosomes also act as signaling platforms involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, morphogenesis, and apoptosis. Thus, deregulation of desmosomal proteins has to be considered to contribute to tumorigenesis. Proteolytic fragmentation and downregulation of desmosomal cadherins and plaque proteins by transcriptional or epigenetic mechanisms were observed in different cancer entities suggesting a tumor-suppressive role. However, discrepant data in the literature indicate that context-dependent differences based on alternative intracellular, signal transduction lead to altered outcome. Here, modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by plakoglobin or desmoplakin and of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling appears to be of special relevance. This review summarizes current evidence on how desmosomal proteins participate in carcinogenesis, and depicts the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmar Huber
- a Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena , Germany.,b Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital , Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena , Germany
| | - Iver Petersen
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena , Germany
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19
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Circulating tumor cell clusters-associated gene plakoglobin and breast cancer survival. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 151:491-500. [PMID: 25957595 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer recurrence is a major cause of the disease-specific death. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are negatively associated with breast cancer survival. Plakoglobin, a cell adhesion protein, was recently reported as a determinant of CTCs types, single or clustered ones. Here, we aim to summarize the studies on the roles of plakoglobin and evaluate the association of plakoglobin and breast cancer survival. Plakoglobin as a key component in both cell adhesion and the signaling pathways was briefly reviewed first. Then the double-edge functions of plakoglobin in tumors and its association with CTCs and breast cancer metastasis were introduced. Finally, based on an open-access database, the association between plakoglobin and breast cancer survival was investigated using univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Plakoglobin may be a molecule functioning as a double-edge sword. Loss of plakoglobin expression leads to increased motility of epithelial cells, thereby promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and further metastasis of cancer. However, studies also show that plakoglobin can function as an oncogene. High expression of plakoglobin results in clustered tumor cells in circulation with high metastatic potential in breast cancer and shortened patient survival. Plakoglobin may be a potential prognostic biomarker that can be exploited to develop as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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20
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Broussard JA, Getsios S, Green KJ. Desmosome regulation and signaling in disease. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:501-12. [PMID: 25693896 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Desmosomes are cell-cell adhesive organelles with a well-known role in forming strong intercellular adhesion during embryogenesis and in adult tissues subject to mechanical stress, such as the heart and skin. More recently, desmosome components have also emerged as cell signaling regulators. Loss of expression or interference with the function of desmosome molecules results in diseases of the heart and skin and contributes to cancer progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that result in inherited and acquired disorders remain poorly understood. To address this question, researchers are directing their studies towards determining the functions that occur inside and outside of the junctions and the extent to which functions are adhesion-dependent or independent. This review focuses on recent discoveries that provide insights into the role of desmosomes and desmosome components in cell signaling and disease; wherever possible, we address molecular functions within and outside of the adhesive structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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21
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Abstract
The arrival of multicellularity in evolution facilitated cell-cell signaling in conjunction with adhesion. As the ectodomains of cadherins interact with each other directly in trans (as well as in cis), spanning the plasma membrane and associating with multiple other entities, cadherins enable the transduction of "outside-in" or "inside-out" signals. We focus this review on signals that originate from the larger family of cadherins that are inwardly directed to the nucleus, and thus have roles in gene control or nuclear structure-function. The nature of cadherin complexes varies considerably depending on the type of cadherin and its context, and we will address some of these variables for classical cadherins versus other family members. Substantial but still fragmentary progress has been made in understanding the signaling mediators used by varied cadherin complexes to coordinate the state of cell-cell adhesion with gene expression. Evidence that cadherin intracellular binding partners also localize to the nucleus is a major point of interest. In some models, catenins show reduced binding to cadherin cytoplasmic tails favoring their engagement in gene control. When bound, cadherins may serve as stoichiometric competitors of nuclear signals. Cadherins also directly or indirectly affect numerous signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, receptor tyrosine kinase, Hippo, NFκB, and JAK/STAT), enabling cell-cell contacts to touch upon multiple biological outcomes in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Program in Genes & Development, Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Meghan T Maher
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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22
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Snider NT, Altshuler PJ, Omary MB. Modulation of cytoskeletal dynamics by mammalian nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) proteins. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 25234227 DOI: 10.07/s00210-014-1046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) proteins comprise a family of ten human isoforms that participate in the regulation of multiple cellular processes via enzymatic and nonenzymatic functions. The major enzymatic function of NDPKs is the generation of nucleoside triphosphates, such as guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Mechanisms behind the nonenzymatic NDPK functions are not clear but likely involve context-dependent signaling roles of NDPK within multi-protein complexes. This is most evident for NDPK-A, which is encoded by the human NME1 gene, the first tumor metastasis suppressor gene to be identified. Understanding which protein interactions are most relevant for the biological and metastasis-related functions of NDPK will be important in the potential utilization of NDPK as a disease target. Accumulating evidence suggests that NDPK interacts with and affects various components and regulators of the cytoskeleton, including actin-binding proteins, intermediate filaments, and cytoskeletal attachment structures (adherens junctions, desmosomes, and focal adhesions). We review the existing literature on this topic and highlight outstanding questions and potential future directions that should clarify the impact of NDPK on the different cytoskeletal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha T Snider
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA,
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23
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Modulation of cytoskeletal dynamics by mammalian nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) proteins. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:189-97. [PMID: 25234227 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) proteins comprise a family of ten human isoforms that participate in the regulation of multiple cellular processes via enzymatic and nonenzymatic functions. The major enzymatic function of NDPKs is the generation of nucleoside triphosphates, such as guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Mechanisms behind the nonenzymatic NDPK functions are not clear but likely involve context-dependent signaling roles of NDPK within multi-protein complexes. This is most evident for NDPK-A, which is encoded by the human NME1 gene, the first tumor metastasis suppressor gene to be identified. Understanding which protein interactions are most relevant for the biological and metastasis-related functions of NDPK will be important in the potential utilization of NDPK as a disease target. Accumulating evidence suggests that NDPK interacts with and affects various components and regulators of the cytoskeleton, including actin-binding proteins, intermediate filaments, and cytoskeletal attachment structures (adherens junctions, desmosomes, and focal adhesions). We review the existing literature on this topic and highlight outstanding questions and potential future directions that should clarify the impact of NDPK on the different cytoskeletal systems.
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24
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Differentially expressed microRNAs and affected signaling pathways in placentae of transgenic cloned cattle. Theriogenology 2014; 82:338-46.e3. [PMID: 24853279 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Placental deficiencies are related to the developmental abnormalities of transgenic cattle produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer, but the concrete molecular mechanism is not very clear. Studies have shown that placental development can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) in normal pregnancy. Thus, this study screened differentially expressed miRNAs by the next-generation sequencing technology to reveal the relationship between miRNAs expression and aberrant development of placentae produced by the transgenic-clone technology. Expressions of miRNAs and mRNAs in different placentae were compared, the placentae derived from one natural pregnancy counterpart (PNC), one natural pregnancy of a cloned offspring as a mother (PCM), and two transgenic (human beta-defensin-3) cloned pregnancy: one offspring was alive after birth (POL) and the other offspring was dead in 2 days after birth (POD). Further, signaling pathway analysis was conducted. The results indicated that 694 miRNAs were differentially expressed in four placental samples, such as miR-210, miR-155, miR-21, miR-128, miR-183, and miR-145. Signaling pathway analysis revealed that compared with PNC, significantly upregulated pathways in POL, POD, and PCM mainly included focal adhesion, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, pathways in cancer, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, endosytosis, and adherens junction, and significantly downregulated pathways mainly included malaria, nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study confirmed alterations of the expression profile of miRNAs and signaling pathways in placentae from transgenic (hBD-3) cloned cattle (PTCC), which could lead to the morphologic and histologic deficiencies of PTCC. This information would be useful for the relative research in future.
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