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Tripp P, Davis EC, Gurung M, Rosa F, Bode L, Fox R, LeRoith T, Simecka C, Seppo AE, Järvinen KM, Yeruva L. Infant microbiota communities and HMO supplementation independently and synergistically shape metabolite production and immune responses in healthy mice. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00412-7. [PMID: 39069270 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have demonstrated associations between the early life gut microbiome and incidence of inflammatory and auto-immune disease in childhood. While microbial colonization is necessary for proper immune education, it is not well understood at a mechanistic level how specific communities of bacteria promote immune maturation or drive immune dysfunction in infancy. OBJECTIVE Here, we aimed to assess whether infant microbial communities with different overall structures differentially influence immune and gastrointestinal development in healthy mice. METHODS Germ-free mice were inoculated with fecal slurries from Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis) positive (BIP) or Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis negative (BIN) breastfed infants; half of the mice in each group were also supplemented with a pool of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) for 14 days. Cecal microbiome composition and metabolite production, systemic and mucosal immune outcomes, and intestinal morphology were assessed at the end of the study. RESULTS We show that inoculation with a BIP microbiome results in a remarkably distinct microbial community characterized by higher relative abundances of cecal Clostridium senu stricto, Ruminococcus gnavus, Cellulosilyticum, and Erysipelatoclostridium. The BIP microbiome produced two-fold higher concentrations of cecal butyrate, promoted branched short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and further modulated serotonin, kynurenine, and indole metabolism relative to BIN mice. Further, the BIP microbiome increased the proportions of innate and adaptive immune cells in spleen, while HMO supplementation increased proliferation of MLN cells to PMA and LPS and increased serum IgA and IgG levels. CONCLUSIONS Different microbiome compositions and HMO supplementation can modulate SCFA and tryptophan metabolism and innate and adaptive immunity in young, healthy mice, with potentially important implications for early childhood health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Tripp
- USDA-ARS, SEA, Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Erin C Davis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Manoj Gurung
- USDA-ARS, SEA, Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Fernanda Rosa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Renee Fox
- USDA-ARS, SEA, Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Christy Simecka
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Antti E Seppo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- USDA-ARS, SEA, Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Roberts JL, Chiedo B, Drissi H. Systemic inflammatory and gut microbiota responses to fracture in young and middle-aged mice. GeroScience 2023; 45:3115-3129. [PMID: 37821753 PMCID: PMC10643610 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is a patient-specific factor that can significantly delay fracture healing and exacerbate systemic sequelae during convalescence. The basis for this difference in healing rates is not well-understood, but heightened inflammation has been suggested to be a significant contributor. In this study, we investigated the systemic cytokine and intestinal microbiome response to closed femur fracture in 3-month-old (young adult) and 15-month-old (middle-aged) female wild-type mice. Middle-aged mice had a serum cytokine profile that was distinct from young mice at days 10, 14, and 18 post-fracture. This was characterized by increased concentrations of IL-17a, IL-10, IL-6, MCP-1, EPO, and TNFα. We also observed changes in the community structure of the gut microbiota in both young and middle-aged mice that was evident as early as day 3 post-fracture. This included an Enterobacteriaceae bloom at day 3 post-fracture in middle-aged mice and an increase in the relative abundance of the Muribaculum genus. Moreover, we observed an increase in the relative abundance of the health-promoting Bifidobacterium genus in young mice after fracture that did not occur in middle-aged mice. There were significant correlations between serum cytokines and specific genera, including a negative correlation between Bifidobacterium and the highly induced cytokine IL-17a. Our study demonstrates that aging exacerbates the inflammatory response to fracture leading to high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and disruption of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Roberts
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, 21 Ortho Ln, 6th Fl, Office 12, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
- The Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 850 N 5th St, Office 360J, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Brandon Chiedo
- The Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, 21 Ortho Ln, 6th Fl, Office 12, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
- The Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.
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3
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Zhou W, Zhang H, Huang L, Sun C, Yue Y, Cao X, Jia H, Wang C, Gao Y. Disulfiram with Cu 2+ alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Theranostics 2023; 13:2879-2895. [PMID: 37284442 PMCID: PMC10240830 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Disulfiram (DSF), a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for chronic alcohol addiction, has anti-inflammatory effects that help prevent various cancers, and Cu2+ can enhance the effects of DSF. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic or recurrent relapsing gastrointestinal inflammation. Many drugs targeting the immune responses of IBD have been developed, but their application has many problems, including side effects and high costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new drugs. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of DSF+Cu2+ on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Methods: The anti-inflammatory effects were investigated using the DSS-induced colitis mouse model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. DSS-induced TCRβ-/- mice were used to demonstrate the effect of DSF in conjunction with Cu2+ on CD4+ T cell-secreted interleukin 17 (IL-17). In addition, the effect of DSF+Cu2+ on intestinal flora was studied by 16S rRNA microflora sequencing. Results: DSF and Cu2+ could significantly reverse the symptom of DSS-induced UC in mice, such as weight loss, disease activity index score, colon length shortening, and reversal of colon pathological changes. DSF and Cu2+ could inhibit colonic macrophage activation by blocking the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, reducing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome-derived interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) secretion and caspase-1 (CASP1) activation, and decreasing IL-17 secretion by CD4+ T cells. Moreover, the treatment of DSF and Cu2+ could protect the intestinal barrier by reversing the expression of tight junction proteins, zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and mucoprotein-2 (MUC2). Additionally, DSF+Cu2+ could reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria and increase beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice, effectively improving intestinal microecology. Conclusion: Our study evaluated the effect of DSF+Cu2+ on the immune system and gut microbiota in colonic inflammation and highlighted its potential to treat UC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuankai Sun
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuhan Yue
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolei Cao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongling Jia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Gao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Jinan University, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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Poaty Ditengou JIC, Ahn SI, Chae B, Choi NJ. Are heat-killed probiotics more effective than live ones on colon length shortness, disease activity index, and the histological score of an inflammatory bowel disease-induced murine model? A meta-analysis. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:6988181. [PMID: 36646433 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the efficiency of heat-killed and live probiotics against colon length shortness, disease activity index (DAI), and the histological score of an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) via a meta-analysis. In February 2022, the eligible papers were collected from four databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus). Using common- and random-effects models, the effect sizes were estimated throughout the standardized mean difference. Forty-three papers were recorded for our meta-analysis, and the heterogeneity of the effect sizes was determined with Cochran's Q test, followed by meta-ANOVA and meta-regression analyses. The probiotics (live and heat-killed) had globally an improving or preventive effect on colon length shortness, DAI, and histological score. The sub-group analysis revealed that the heat-killed probiotics had statistically (P > .05) the same improving effect on colon length shortness, DAI, and histological score as live probiotics. In conclusion, this study suggested that live and heat-killed probiotics had a similar impact on IBD symptoms investigated in this study. The present outcomes would be a good base for researchers willing to further compare the effects of live and heat-killed probiotics on IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung-Il Ahn
- Department of Food and Regulatory Science, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungho Chae
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nag-Jin Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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5
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Li M, Ding J, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhao J, Yang B, Chen W. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis FJSYZ1M3 ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by maintaining the intestinal barrier, regulating inflammatory cytokines, and modifying gut microbiota. Food Funct 2023; 14:354-368. [PMID: 36511157 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03263e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
B. longum subsp. infantis is a subspecies of Bifidobacterium longum, and very few strains are shown to have immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, the improvement of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by four B. longum subsp. infantis strains was compared. The results showed that B. longum subsp. infantis FJSYZ1M3 could significantly decrease disease activity index (DAI), inhibit weight loss and colon shortening, and attenuate colon tissue damage in DSS-induced colitis mice. And B. longum subsp. infantis FJSYZ1M3 intervention improved the integrity of intestinal tight junctions, relieved mucus layer damage and inhibited epithelial cell apoptosis, thereby maintaining the intestinal barrier. Additionally, B. longum subsp. infantis FJSYZ1M3 significantly affected the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the colon, thus relieving inflammation in colitis mice. Furthermore, B. longum subsp. infantis FJSYZ1M3 could ameliorate gut microbiota disturbance caused by DSS exposure and increase the level of butyric acid in cecal contents. In general, these findings suggested that B. longum subsp. infantis FJSYZ1M3 alleviated DSS-induced colitis by maintaining the intestinal barrier, regulating inflammatory cytokines, and modifying the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Jiuhong Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co., Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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6
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Pinchaud K, Hafeez Z, Auger S, Chatel JM, Chadi S, Langella P, Paoli J, Dary-Mourot A, Maguin-Gaté K, Olivier JL. Impact of Dietary Arachidonic Acid on Gut Microbiota Composition and Gut-Brain Axis in Male BALB/C Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245338. [PMID: 36558497 PMCID: PMC9786182 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although arachidonic acid (ARA) is the precursor of the majority of eicosanoids, its influence as a food component on health is not well known. Therefore, we investigated its impact on the gut microbiota and gut-brain axis. Groups of male BALB/c mice were fed either a standard diet containing 5% lipids (Std-ARA) or 15%-lipid diets without ARA (HL-ARA) or with 1% ARA (HL + ARA) for 9 weeks. Fatty acid profiles of all three diets were the same. The HL-ARA diet favored the growth of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum contrary to the HL + ARA diet that favored the pro-inflammatory Escherichia-Shigella genus in fecal microbiota. Dietary ARA intake induced 4- and 15-fold colic overexpression of the pro-inflammatory markers IL-1β and CD40, respectively, without affecting those of TNFα and adiponectin. In the brain, dietary ARA intake led to moderate overexpression of GFAP in the hippocampus and cortex. Both the hyperlipidic diets reduced IL-6 and IL-12 in the brain. For the first time, it was shown that dietary ARA altered the gut microbiota, led to low-grade colic inflammation, and induced astrogliosis in the brain. Further work is necessary to determine the involved mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Pinchaud
- Calbinotox (UR7488), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Zeeshan Hafeez
- Calbinotox (UR7488), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Sandrine Auger
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis Institute, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis Institute, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sead Chadi
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis Institute, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis Institute, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Justine Paoli
- Calbinotox (UR7488), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Katy Maguin-Gaté
- Calbinotox (UR7488), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jean Luc Olivier
- Calbinotox (UR7488), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
- CHRU de Nancy, Pôle des Laboratoires, Service de Biochimie-Biologie Moléculaire-Nutrition, 54000 Nancy, France
- Correspondence:
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7
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Bi Z, Cui E, Yao Y, Chang X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xu GX, Zhuang H, Hua ZC. Recombinant Bifidobacterium longum Carrying Endostatin Protein Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis and Colon Cancer in Rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:927277. [PMID: 35847065 PMCID: PMC9280188 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.927277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium has been widely administrated orally as probiotics to prevent pathogen colonization and modulate the gut microbiome balance. Endostatin is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and has been shown to inhibit tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. At present, the combination of endostatin and chemotherapeutic drugs has been regarded as a promising antitumor treatment strategy. In this study, we selected a safe strain of Bifidobacterium longum as a delivery system to transport endostatin to the gastrointestinal tract and explored their combined effect on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated cancer. The results indicated that B. longum-Endo relieved dextran sulfate sodium-induced body weight loss, diarrhea, colon shortening, and epithelium damage. Long-term oral administration of B. longum-Endo significantly decreased tumor formation rate, tumor number, and tumor size. Moreover, the effect of B. longum-Endo on gut microbiota dysbiosis was also confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The levels of potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, and Parabateroides, were increased in the B. longum-Endo group compared to the model and B. longum groups. Meanwhile, levels of potentially pathogenic bacteria including Desulfovibrio, Helicobacter, and Enterorhabdus were decreased. Taken together, these results suggested that oral administration of recombinant B. longum-Endo strain may be a promising therapeutic strategy for IBD and colitis-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Bi
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Enqing Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyao Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gen-Xing Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Gen-Xing Xu,
| | - Hongqin Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Hongqin Zhuang,
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou, China
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Zi-Chun Hua,
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8
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Geng J, Sui Z, Dou W, Miao Y, Wang T, Wei X, Chen S, Zhang Z, Xiao J, Huang D. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Reveals Specific Gut Microbes Common to Medicinal Insects. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:892767. [PMID: 35651499 PMCID: PMC9149300 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.892767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects have a long history of being used in medicine, with clear primary and secondary functions and less side effects, and the study and exploitation of medicinal insects have received increasing attention. Insects gut microbiota and their metabolites play an important role in protecting the hosts from other potentially harmful microbes, providing nutrients, promoting digestion and degradation, and regulating growth and metabolism of the hosts. However, there are still few studies linking the medicinal values of insects with their gut microbes. In this study, we focused on the specific gut microbiota common to medicinal insects, hoping to trace the potential connection between medicinal values and gut microbes of medicinal insects. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, we compared the gut microbiota of medicinal insects [Periplaneta americana, Protaetia (Liocola) brevitarsis (Lewis) and Musca domestica], in their medicinal stages, and non-medicinal insects (Hermetia illucens L., Tenebrio molitor, and Drosophila melanogaster), and found that the intestinal microbial richness of medicinal insects was higher, and there were significant differences in the microbial community structure between the two groups. We established a model using a random-forest method to preliminarily screen out several types of gut microbiota common to medicinal insects that may play medicinal values: Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Lactobacillus dextrinicus, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis), and Vagococcus carniphilus. In particular, P. goldsteinii and B. infantis were most probably involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of medicinal insects. Our results revealed an association between medicinal insects and their gut microbes, providing new development directions and possibly potential tools for utilizing microbes to enhance the medicinal efficacy of medicinal insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Geng
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoxiao Sui
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihao Dou
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunheng Miao
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xunfan Wei
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sicong Chen
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongqi Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhua Xiao
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dawei Huang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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9
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Comparative Genomics Analyses Reveal the Differences between B. longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum in Carbohydrate Utilisation, CRISPR-Cas Systems and Bacteriocin Operons. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081713. [PMID: 34442792 PMCID: PMC8399906 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum is one of the most widely distributed and abundant Bifidobacterium in the human intestine, and has been proven to have a variety of physiological functions. In this study, 80 strains of B. longum isolated from human subjects were classified into subspecies by ANI and phylogenetic analyses, and the functional genes were compared. The results showed that there were significant differences in carbohydrate metabolism between the two subspecies, which determined their preference for human milk oligosaccharides or plant-derived carbohydrates. The predicted exopolysaccharide (EPS) gene clusters had large variability within species but without difference at the subspecies level. Four subtype CRISPR-Cas systems presented in B. longum, while the subtypes I-U and II-C only existed in B. longum subsp. longum. The bacteriocin operons in B. longum subsp. infantis were more widely distributed compared with B. longum subsp. longum. In conclusion, this study revealed the similarities and differences between B. longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum, which could provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the probiotic characteristics of B. longum.
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Al-Sadi R, Dharmaprakash V, Nighot P, Guo S, Nighot M, Do T, Ma TY. Bifidobacterium bifidum Enhances the Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier and Protects against Intestinal Inflammation by Targeting the Toll-like Receptor-2 Pathway in an NF-κB-Independent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8070. [PMID: 34360835 PMCID: PMC8347470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective intestinal tight junction (TJ) barrier is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To date, there are no effective therapies that specifically target the intestinal TJ barrier. Among the various probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium, is one of the most widely studied to have beneficial effects on the intestinal TJ barrier. The main purpose of this study was to identify Bifidobacterium species that cause a sustained enhancement in the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier and can be used therapeutically to target the intestinal TJ barrier and to protect against or treat intestinal inflammation. Our results showed that Bifidobacterium bifidum caused a marked, sustained enhancement in the intestinal TJ barrier in Caco-2 monolayers. The Bifidobacterium bifidum effect on TJ barrier was strain-specific, and only the strain designated as BB1 caused a maximal enhancement in TJ barrier function. The mechanism of BB1 enhancement of intestinal TJ barrier required live bacterial cell/enterocyte interaction and was mediated by the BB1 attachment to Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) at the apical membrane surface. The BB1 enhancement of the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier function was mediated by the activation of the p38 kinase pathway, but not the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, the BB1 caused a marked enhancement in mouse intestinal TJ barrier in a TLR-2-dependent manner and protected against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced increase in mouse colonic permeability, and treated the DSS-induced colitis in a TJ barrier-dependent manner. These studies show that probiotic bacteria BB1 causes a strain-specific enhancement of the intestinal TJ barrier through a novel mechanism involving BB1 attachment to the enterocyte TLR-2 receptor complex and activation of p38 kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Y. Ma
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Penn State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (R.A.-S.); (V.D.); (P.N.); (S.G.); (M.N.); (T.D.)
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11
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Santiago-López L, Hernández-Mendoza A, Vallejo-Cordoba B, Wall-Medrano A, González-Córdova AF. Th17 immune response in inflammatory bowel disease: Future roles and opportunities for lactic acid bacteria and bioactive compounds released in fermented milk. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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12
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Liu Y, Chen H, Feng L, Zhang J. Interactions between gut microbiota and metabolites modulate cytokine network imbalances in women with unexplained miscarriage. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:24. [PMID: 33731680 PMCID: PMC7969606 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulation of cytokine networks has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of unexplained pregnancy loss. Gut microbiota affects host immune response and induces an imbalance in cytokine levels. However, how gut microbial dysbiosis disturbs cellular immune function in miscarriage remains inconclusive. Here we report that IL-2, IL-17A, IL-17F, TNF-α, and IFN-γ are significantly increased in serum of miscarriage patients. Fecal microbiome analyses indicate that microbial diversity and the relative abundances of Prevotella_1, Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 and Selenomonas_1 are significantly reduced in the cases. Correlation analyses indicate that some microbe-associated metabolites are positively associated with changes in levels of Th1/Th17 cytokines in the miscarriage group. Moreover, we identify that imidazolepropionic acid and 1,4-methylimidazoleacetic acid are associated with subsequent recurrent miscarriage. Our study highlights the network among gut microbiota, fecal metabolites and Th1/Th17-mediated immune response in miscarriage patients and explores the potential predictive values of two fecal metabolites for recurrent miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hainan Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Feng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Nicotinamide Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Chronic Colitis in Mice through Its Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Modulates the Gut Microbiota. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5084713. [PMID: 33748287 PMCID: PMC7959969 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5084713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B (nicotinamide (NAM)), one of the most important nutritional components for humans, exerts anti-inflammatory activity. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of NAM on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice with chronic colitis. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 male mice by administration of 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and the mice were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline (NS) or NAM. NAM treatment ameliorated weight loss and changes in colon length, disease activity index (DAI) score, and histologic scores. Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of LPL cells revealed that the level of interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-12p70, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interferon- (IFN-) γ, IL-21, and IL-17A was increased, while IL-10 was reduced, in the chronic colitis group compared to the control group, but the levels of all these factors were restored after NAM treatment. Then, 16S rRNA sequencing of the large intestinal content was performed, and analysis of alpha diversity and beta diversity showed that the richness of the gut microbiota was decreased in the DSS group compared to the control group and restored after NAM treatment. In addition, NAM modulated specific bacteria, including Odoribacter, Flexispira, and Bifidobacterium, in the NAM+chronic colitis group. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis indicated that NAM treatment restored disruptions in the functions of the gut microbiota (replication and repair, cell motility) in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, NAM also restored the reduction in valeric acid in mice with DSS-induced chronic colitis. Our results suggest that NAM treatment could alleviate DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice by inhibiting inflammation and regulating the composition and function of gut microbiota.
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Burn Injury Induces Intestinal Inflammatory Response Mediated by Th17 in Burn-Primed Endotoxemic Mice. Int Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-18-00014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the susceptibility to infection-related acute lung injury by focusing on the role of gut mucosal T-helper (Th) 17 cells that preferentially produce IL-17 with probiotics in a burn-primed endotoxemic mice model.
Methods
Mice were subjected to a 15% total body surface area third-degree burn. Survival from lethal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration (3 mg/kg) on 11th day post-burn was assessed in mice fed by chow with or without 1.2% Lactobacillus powder after burn injury. Lamina propria mononuclear cells were enzymatically isolated from the ileum removed on 11th day post-burn and incubated along with 1 μg/mL LPS or 10 μg/mL anti-CD3 antibody for 24 hours; subsequently, the following 7 cytokines were analyzed in the supernatant: IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17.
Results
Lactobacillus treatment post-burn injury markedly improved survival after lethal endotoxemia in burn-primed mice (64.3% versus 21.4%, P = 0.03). The production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 by lamina propria mononuclear T-lymphocytes and macrophages including Th17 response was augmented by burn injury but decreased with Lactobacillus treatment after burn injury.
Conclusions
Th17- and Th17-mediated inflammatory responses in the gut mucosa may play a vital role, which could be attenuated by Lactobacillus treatment, in survival of lethal endotoxemia in burn-primed mice.
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Silveira DSC, Veronez LC, Lopes-Júnior LC, Anatriello E, Brunaldi MO, Pereira-da-Silva G. Lactobacillus bulgaricus inhibits colitis-associated cancer via a negative regulation of intestinal inflammation in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate model. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6782-6794. [PMID: 33268961 PMCID: PMC7684459 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i43.6782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) accounts for 2%-3% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases preceded by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Intestinal microbiota has been reported to play a central role in the pathogenesis of IBD and CAC. Recently, numerous prebiotics and probiotics have being investigated as antitumor agents due to their capacity to modulate inflammatory responses. Previous studies have indicated that lactic acid bacteria could be successfully used in managing sporadic CRC, however little is known about their role in CAC.
AIM To investigate the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) during the development of an experimental model of colitis associated colon cancer (CAC).
METHODS C57BL/6 mice received an intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (10 mg/kg), followed by three cycles of sodium dextran sulphate diluted in water (5% w/v). Probiotic group received daily L. bulgaricus. Intestinal inflammation was determined by scoring clinical signs. Cytokines levels were determined from colon and/or tumor samples by ELISA BD OptEIATM kits. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Graphs were generated and statistical analysis performed using the software GraphPad Prism 6.0.
RESULTS L. bulgaricus treatment inhibited of total tumor volume and mean size of tumors. In addition, the probiotic also attenuated the clinical signs of intestinal inflammation inducing a decrease in intestinal and tumor levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-23 and IL-1β.
CONCLUSION Our results suggest a potential chemopreventive effect of probiotic on CAC. L. bulgaricus regulates the inflammatory response and preventing CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Sayuri Calheiros Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, Vitória 29043-900, ES, Brazil
| | - Elen Anatriello
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São José dos Campos 12231-280, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Pereira-da-Silva
- Department of Maternal-Infant Nursing and Public Health, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
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16
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Ashaolu TJ. Immune boosting functional foods and their mechanisms: A critical evaluation of probiotics and prebiotics. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110625. [PMID: 32795926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive studies conducted on the link between the gut microbiome and immunity in recent decades have correspondingly led to ever increasing interests in functional foods, especially probiotics and prebiotics. Probiotics and prebiotics play crucial roles in managing the intestinal microbiota in order to improve host health, even though their influence on other body sites are being investigated. Different colonic bacteria metabolize dietary prebiotics to produce beneficial metabolites, especially short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that improve luminal contents and intestinal performance, while positively affecting overall host physiology. Thus, this review provides a general perspective of the immune system, the gut immune system and its microbiota. The review also evaluates functional foods with critical but comprehensive perspectives into probiotics and prebiotics, their immune boosting and mechanisms of action. It is recommended that further mechanistic and translational studies are conducted to promote health, social life and also empower poverty-stricken communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Smart Agriculture Research and Application Team, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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17
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Bojović K, Ignjatović ÐDI, Soković Bajić S, Vojnović Milutinović D, Tomić M, Golić N, Tolinački M. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Associated With Altered Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:223. [PMID: 32509596 PMCID: PMC7248180 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While gut microbiota dysbiosis has been linked with autism, its role in the etiology of other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) is largely underexplored. To our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate gut microbiota diversity and composition in 36 children from the Republic of Serbia diagnosed with NDD and 28 healthy children. The results revealed an increased incidence of potentially harmful bacteria, closely related to Clostridium species, in the NDD patient group compared to the Control group: Desulfotomaculum guttoideum (P < 0.01), Intestinibacter bartlettii (P < 0.05), and Romboutsia ilealis (P < 0.001). On the other hand, significantly lower diversity of common commensal bacteria in the NDD group of patients was noticed. Enterococcus faecalis (P < 0.05), Enterococcus gallinarum (P < 0.01), Streptococcus pasteurianus (P < 0.05), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (P < 0.01) and Bifidobacteria sp. were detected in lower numbers of patients or were even absent in some NDD patients. In addition, butyrate-producing bacteria Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P < 0.01), Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum (P < 0.05), and Eubacterium rectale (P = 0.07) were less frequent in the NDD patient group. In line with that, the levels of fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined. Although significant differences in SCFA levels were not detected between NDD patients and the Control group, a positive correlation was noted between number of rDNA amplicons obtained with universal primers and level of propionic acid, as well as a trend for levels of total SCFAs and butyric acid in the Control group. This correlation is lost in the NDD patient group, indicating that NDD patients' microbiota differs from the microbiota of healthy children in the presence or number of strong SCFA-producing bacteria. According to a range-weighted richness index it was observed that microbial diversity was significantly lower in the NDD patient group. Our study reveals that the intestinal microbiota from NDD patients differs from the microbiota of healthy children. It is hypothesized that early life microbiome might have an impact on GI disturbances and accompanied behavioral problems frequently observed in patients with a broad spectrum of NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ður -d ica Ignjatović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Ðurđica Ignjatović
| | - Svetlana Soković Bajić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirko Tomić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Golić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Tolinački
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Maja Tolinački
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Modification of Immunological Parameters, Oxidative Stress Markers, Mood Symptoms, and Well-Being Status in CFS Patients after Probiotic Intake: Observations from a Pilot Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1684198. [PMID: 31871540 PMCID: PMC6906814 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1684198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study discusses about the effects of a combination of probiotics able to stimulate the immune system of patients affected by Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). To this purpose, patients diagnosed according to Fukuda's criteria and treated with probiotics were analyzed by means of clinical and laboratory evaluations, before and after probiotic administrations. Probiotics were selected considering the possible pathogenic mechanisms of ME/CFS syndrome, which has been associated with an impaired immune response, dysregulation of Th1/Th2 ratio, and high oxidative stress with exhaustion of antioxidant reserve due to severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Immune and oxidative dysfunction could be related with the gastrointestinal (GI) chronic low-grade inflammation in the lamina propria and intestinal mucosal surface associated with dysbiosis, leaky gut, bacterial translocation, and immune and oxidative dysfunction. Literature data demonstrate that bacterial species are able to modulate the functions of the immune and oxidative systems and that the administration of some probiotics can improve mucosal barrier function, modulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines, in CFS/ME patients. This study represents a preliminary investigation to verifying the safety and efficacy of a certain combination of probiotics in CFS/ME patients. The results suggest that probiotics can modify the well-being status as well as inflammatory and oxidative indexes in CFS/ME patients. No adverse effects were observed except for one patient, which displayed a flare-up of symptoms, although all inflammatory parameters (i.e., cytokines, fecal calprotectin, ESR, and immunoglobulins) were reduced after probiotic intake. The reactivation of fatigue symptoms in this patient, whose clinical history reported the onset of CFS/ME following mononucleosis, could be related to an abnormal stimulation of the immune system as suggested by a recent study describing an exaggerated immune activation associated with chronic fatigue.
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19
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Toghi M, Bitarafan S, Kasmaei HD, Ghafouri-Fard S. Bifidobacteria: A probable missing puzzle piece in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 36:101378. [PMID: 31487552 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder in which the immunopathogenesis is not fully understood. In the recent years, the role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of this disorder has been highlighted. Bifidobacteria as a component of gut microbiome might also be involved in MS pathogenesis. Being emerged in early days after birth, bifidobacteria have a prominent role in immune system maturation and function. Some factors like mode of delivery, breast feeding, mother's blood group and her secretory state and also environmental factors could influence its level in the early infancy, which may remain throughout lifetime. In this review, we discussed possible immunopathogenic link between the bifidobacteria and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Toghi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Bitarafan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Delavar Kasmaei
- Department of Neurology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Yan S, Yang B, Zhao J, Zhao J, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhang H, Chen W. A ropy exopolysaccharide producing strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum YS108R alleviates DSS-induced colitis by maintenance of the mucosal barrier and gut microbiota modulation. Food Funct 2019; 10:1595-1608. [PMID: 30806428 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B. longum has been reported to exert an alleviative effect on colitis, but the results also suggested significant differences among strains. Here in this study, we compared the effect of B. longum subsp. longum strains with different properties in EPS production on DSS-induced colitis. To investigate the alleviative effect of a ropy-exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing strain, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum YS108R, on experimental colitis, C57BL/6J mice (male, 6-8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 8): normal control, DSS colitis and four DSS colitis groups orally administered with three B. longum subsp. longum strains (YS108R, C11A10B and HAN4-25) and B. animalis subsp. lactis BB12, respectively, in which YS108R produced ropy-EPS, C11A10B produced non-ropy-EPS, HAN4-25 did not produce EPS and BB12 was set as a positive control. Ropy-EPS producing strain YS108R could alleviate the symptoms and remit inflammation induced by DSS, in which YS108R could decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and IL-17A levels after DSS challenge (from 102 ± 45.22 to 37.95 ± 20.33 pg mL-1 and from 22.14 ± 5.43 to 12.58 ± 2.74, p < 0.05), but another non-ropy-EPS producing strain C11A10B did not decrease the levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, YS108R could maintain the expression levels of genes related to the mucosal barrier, but strain HAN4-25, a non-EPS producer, was not able to maintain the expression levels of these genes after DSS challenge. Analysis of gut microbiota showed that DSS treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae (0.2623 ± 0.162 and 0.0512 ± 0.0361) and decreased the relative abundance of S24-7 (0.042 ± 0.0326); however, YS108R administration could decrease the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae to 0.0848 ± 0.0399 and 0.0032 ± 0.0047 and increase the relative abundance of S24-7 to 0.2625 ± 0.0566 (p < 0.05). The results showed that B. longum subsp. longum YS108R could alleviate DSS-induced colitis by modulating the inflammation related cytokines, maintenance of the normal mucosal barrier and reverting the change of microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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21
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Rong J, Liu S, Hu C, Liu C. Single probiotic supplement suppresses colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis by modulating inflammatory development and microbial homeostasis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:1182-1192. [PMID: 30357910 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Chronic inflammation is a major contributor to the initiation and progression of cancers. Lactobacillus helveticus NS8, which was originally separated from fermented koumiss, exhibited anti-inflammatory functions in our prior studies. In this study, NS8 was investigated for its potential to prevent colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). METHODS The protective effects of NS8 against CAC was explored by employing the azoxymethane plus dextran sodium sulfate-induced carcinogenesis mouse model. The prevalences of T cells expressing specific inflammatory cytokines were measured by flow cytometry at the early stage of CAC. Inflammatory modulation by NS8 was also tested in the Caco2-Raw264.7 cell co-culture system. The alternations in the intestinal microbiota following the health-inflammation-cancer sequence were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS Oral intake of NS8 lactobacilli clearly reduced tumor number and the degree of hyperplasia. The increased proliferation of enterocytes at the early stage of CAC was significantly suppressed by NS8, while the level of apoptosis was elevated. The anticancer effects of NS8 were associated with its anti-colitis outcomes before tumor formation. NS8 significantly suppressed the activation of NF-κB and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Further analysis revealed the marked downregulation of IL-17-producing T cells by NS8. Furthermore, NS8 modulated intestinal dysbiosis by promoting beneficial commensal microbes while suppressing cancer-associated microbes. Notably, Bacteroides acidifaciens was the most sensitive commensal bacteria to NS8 intervention. CONCLUSION These results provide insight into the protective effects of L. helveticus NS8 against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Rong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhan Liu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Hu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Zhang Z, Zhao J, Tian C, Chen X, Li H, Wei X, Lin W, Zheng N, Jiang A, Feng R, Yuan J, Zhao X. Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Investigate the Mechanism of Lactulose in Negating the Effects of a High-Salt Diet on Hypertension. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800941. [PMID: 30825362 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE High-salt diets (HSDs) are widely considered to cause health problems such as gut microecological imbalances, constipation, and hypertension. This study explores how lactulose as a safe molecule can stimulate bodily responses to alleviate salt-sensitive hypertension by regulating the gut microbiotas of HSD-fed mice. METHODS AND RESULTS After 4 weeks, the blood pressures of mice fed a high-salt plus lactulose diet (HSLD) are significantly lower than those of the HSD-fed mice. The HSD increases the abundances of Alistipes and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009 and reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus in the gut, while lactulose supplementation increases the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Alloprevotella, and Subdoligranulum. Fecal metabolic profiling shows significant increases in metabolites involved in ATP-binding cassette transporter pathways, and tryptophan metabolism is significantly reduced in the HSLD group compared with the HSD group. Lactulose maintains the intestinal microenvironmental health in the HSD-fed mice by improving glycolipid metabolism, decreasing the small intestinal interleukin-17a (IL-17a) and interleukin-22 (IL-22) mRNA levels and serum IL-17a and IL-22 levels, relieving constipation, increasing fecal sodium, and reducing intestinal permeability. CONCLUSION Lactulose negates salt-sensitive hypertension. Regulating the gut microbiota is a potential treatment for salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Changyu Tian
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huan Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Weishi Lin
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Naxin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ruo Feng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiangna Zhao
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
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23
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Qiu Y, Zhang J, Ji R, Zhou Y, Shao L, Chen D, Tan J. Preventative effects of selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium longum on irinotecan-induced small intestinal mucositis in mice. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:569-577. [PMID: 30964326 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a frequent side effect in cancer patients who are treated with chemotherapy. There are no effective treatment strategies to date. To find a novel way to alleviate mucositis, the effects of selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium longum (Se-B. longum) in preventing irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced intestinal mucositis in a mouse model were investigated. We tested the ability of Se-B. longum (Se 0.6 mg/kg, 5×108 cfu/mice) to reduce small intestinal mucositis induced by CPT-11 (75 mg/kg, daily) injected intraperitoneally for four consecutive days in mice. Se-B. longum significantly decreased mortality induced by CPT-11 from 71.4% to 16.7%. CPT-11 induced body weight loss, which was alleviated by preventative and simultaneous administration of Se-B. longum. Se-B. longum significantly decreased the severity of diarrhoea from 11 to 4% compared to the CPT-11 group. Inflammation, including intestinal shortening and upregulation of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β induced by CPT- 11, were prevented by Se-B. longum. Se-B. longum is effective in preventing small intestinal mucositis induced by CPT-11 and therefore has potential to be used clinically by cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qiu
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 201203, China P.R.,3 Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Tenth People's hospital, 301 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai 201203, China P. R
| | - J Zhang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, China P.R
| | - R Ji
- 2 State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, China P.R
| | - Y Zhou
- 2 State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, China P.R
| | - L Shao
- 4 Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201203, China P.R
| | - D Chen
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 201203, China P.R
| | - J Tan
- 2 State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, China P.R
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24
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Chaen Y, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Naringenin promotes recovery from colonic damage through suppression of epithelial tumor necrosis factor–α production and induction of M2-type macrophages in colitic mice. Nutr Res 2019; 64:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Yoon JW, Ahn SI, Jhoo JW, Kim GY. Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Fermented at Low Temperature and Its Anti-inflammatory Effect on DSS-induced Colitis in Mice. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:162-176. [PMID: 30882084 PMCID: PMC6411250 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of yogurt fermented
at low temperature and the anti-inflammatory effect it has on induced colitis
with 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in Balb/c mice. Yogurt premix were
fermented with a commercial starter culture containing Lactobacillus
acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis,
Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus
delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus at different
temperatures: 22°C (low fermentation temperature) for 27 h and
37°C (general fermentation temperature) for 12 h. To measure antioxidant
activity of yogurt samples, DPPH, ABTS+ and ferric reducing
antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays were conducted. For animal experiments,
inflammation was induced with 2.5% DSS in Balb/c mice. Yogurt fermented
at low temperature showed higher antioxidant activity than that of the yogurt
fermented at general temperature. In the inflammatory study, IL-6 (interleukin
6) was decreased and IL-4 and IL-10 increased significantly in DSS group with
yogurt fermented at general temperature (DYG) and that with yogurt fermented at
low temperature (DYL) compared to that in DSS-induced colitic mice (DC),
especially DYL had higher concentration of cytokines IL-4, and IL-10 than DYG.
MPO (myeloperoxidase) tended to decrease more in treatments with yogurt than DC.
Additionally, yogurt fermented at low temperature had anti-inflammatory
activity, although there was no significant difference with general
temperature-fermented yogurt (p>0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woo Yoon
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Ahn
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jhoo
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Gur-Yoo Kim
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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26
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Alagón Fernández Del Campo P, De Orta Pando A, Straface JI, López Vega JR, Toledo Plata D, Niezen Lugo SF, Alvarez Hernández D, Barrientos Fortes T, Gutiérrez-Kobeh L, Solano-Gálvez SG, Vázquez-López R. The Use of Probiotic Therapy to Modulate the Gut Microbiota and Dendritic Cell Responses in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 7:medsci7020033. [PMID: 30813381 PMCID: PMC6410300 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations have shown that different conditions such as diet, the overuse of antibiotics or the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms can alter the population status of the intestinal microbiota. This modification can produce a change from homeostasis to a condition known as imbalance or dysbiosis; however, the role-played by dysbiosis and the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been poorly understood. It was actually not until a few years ago that studies started to develop regarding the role that dendritic cells (DC) of intestinal mucosa play in the sensing of the gut microbiota population. The latest studies have focused on describing the DC modulation, specifically on tolerance response involving T regulatory cells or on the inflammatory response involving reactive oxygen species and tissue damage. Furthermore, the latest studies have also focused on the protective and restorative effect of the population of the gut microbiota given by probiotic therapy, targeting IBD and other intestinal pathologies. In the present work, the authors propose and summarize a recently studied complex axis of interaction between the population of the gut microbiota, the sensing of the DC and its modulation towards tolerance and inflammation, the development of IBD and the protective and restorative effect of probiotics on other intestinal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alagón Fernández Del Campo
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, 52786 Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro De Orta Pando
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, 52786 Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Juan Ignacio Straface
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, 52786 Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - José Ricardo López Vega
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, 52786 Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Diego Toledo Plata
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, 52786 Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Sebastian Felipe Niezen Lugo
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, 52786 Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Diego Alvarez Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, 52786 Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Tomás Barrientos Fortes
- Director Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, 52786 Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Laila Gutiérrez-Kobeh
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Sandra Georgina Solano-Gálvez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Rosalino Vázquez-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, 52786 Cuidad de México, Mexico.
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27
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Fernández-Tomé S, Montalban-Arques A, Díaz-Guerra A, Galvan-Roman JM, Marin AC, Mora-Gutiérrez I, Ortega Moreno L, Santander C, Sánchez B, Chaparro M, Gisbert JP, Bernardo D. Peptides encrypted in the human intestinal microbial-exoproteome as novel biomarkers and immunomodulatory compounds in the gastrointestinal tract. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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28
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Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics: Can they be used to treat allergies and autoimmune diseases? Maturitas 2018; 119:25-38. [PMID: 30502748 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a person ages, physiological, immunological and gut microbiome changes collectively result in an array of chronic conditions. According to the 'hygiene hypothesis' the increasing prevalence of immune-mediated disorders may be related to intestinal dysbiosis, leading to immune dysfunction and associated conditions such as eczema, asthma, allergies and autoimmune diseases. Beneficial probiotic bacteria can be utilized by increasing their abundance within the gastrointestinal lumen, which in turn will modulate immune cells, such as, T helper (Th)-1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) cells and B cells, which have direct relevance to human health and the pathogenesis of immune disorders. Here, we describe the cross-talk between probiotics and the gastrointestinal immune system, and their effects in relation to inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, allergies and atopic dermatitis.
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29
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Mardani F, Mahmoudi M, Esmaeili SA, Khorasani S, Tabasi N, Rastin M. In vivo study: Th1-Th17 reduction in pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus mice after treatment with tolerogenic Lactobacillus probiotics. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:642-649. [PMID: 30078223 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could cause dysfunction in multiple organs. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are a main branch of inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of SLE, and by producing interleukin 17 (IL-17), represent a major functional tool in the progression of inflammation. Animal models provide a special field for better studies of the pathogenesis of diseases. Tolergenic probiotics could decrease inflammation in autoimmune diseases by modulating the immune system and maintaining homeostasis. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii on Th17 cells and their related mediators in a pristane-induced BALB/c mice model of SLE. The mice were divided into pretreatment groups, which received probiotics or prednisolone at Day 0, and treatment groups, which received probiotics and prednisolone 2 months after injection. The presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), and anti-ribonucleoprotein (anti-RNP) and lipogranuloma was evaluated; also, the population of Th1-Th17 cells as well as interferon γ (IFN-γ), IL-17, and IL-10 levels, and the expression of RAR-related orphan related receptor gamma (RORγt) and IL-17 were determined. We observed that probiotics and prednisolone could delay SLE in pretreatment and treatment mice groups, with a reduction in ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-RNP, and mass of lipogranuloma. Probiotics and prednisolone decreased the population of Th1-Th17 cells and reduced IFN-γ and IL-17 as inflammatory cytokines in the pretreatment and treatment groups in comparison with SLE-induced mice. Our results indicated that, due to their anti-inflammatory properties and reduction of Th17, Th1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells, the use of these probiotics could probably represent a new tool for the better management of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mardani
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committeen, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committeen, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Khorasani
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committeen, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Tabasi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastin
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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30
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Shi P, Qu H, Nian D, Chen Y, Liu X, Li Q, Li Q, Wang C, Ye M, Ma B. Treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome with Bifidobacterium infantis through regulation of T helper cells subsets. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:290-296. [PMID: 29908492 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, autoimmune-mediated disease. The use of Bifidobacterium is reportedly effective in alleviating GBS since they act by regulating T helper (Th) cells. OBJECTIVES In this study, we explored the differentiation of T helper cell subsets in patients with GBS. We also evaluated the effect of GBS on Bifidobacterium levels in patients and the likely protective influence of this bacterium in alleviating the disease in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used flow cytometry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the T cell subsets differentiation among 30 GBS patients and 20 healthy controls (HC). The concentration of Bifidobacterium was assayed by real-time PCR. Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) animal model was established to support the protective role of Bifidobacterium in GBS. RESULTS The expression of Th cells, Th2 and Th17 in the patients was significantly higher than that in the HC, while Treg cells decreased substantially. Moreover, the levels of Bifidobacterium in the GBS patients were considerably lower than those in the HC, the concentration of Bifidobacterium correlating with Th2 and Th17 subsets negatively. Treatment with Bifidobacterium significantly reduced the levels of Th2 and Th17 and promoted the levels of Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS We concluded from this study that Bifidobacterium alleviated GBS by regulating Th cells, although in-depth studies might be required to fully understand the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Hongdang Qu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.
| | - Di Nian
- Department of Medical Examination, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
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31
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Jang SE, Jeong JJ, Kim JK, Han MJ, Kim DH. Simultaneous Amelioratation of Colitis and Liver Injury in Mice by Bifidobacterium longum LC67 and Lactobacillus plantarum LC27. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7500. [PMID: 29760423 PMCID: PMC5951891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the gut microbiota composition are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine and the liver. In a preliminary study, Lactobacillus plantarum LC27 and Bifidobacterium longum LC67 could inhibit Escherichia coli growth and lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation linked to gut inflammation. Here, we investigated their effects on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis and liver damage in mice. First, oral administration of LC27 or LC67 (1 × 109 CFU/mouse) inhibited TNBS-induced colon shortening [F(5,30) = 100.66, P < 0.05] and myeloperoxidase activity [F(5,30) = 56.48, P < 0.05]. These probiotics restored TNBS-induced disturbance of gut microbiota, leading to the suppression of Proteobacteria to Bacteroidetes ratio and fecal and blood lipopolysaccharide levels. Second, LC27 and LC67 inhibited TNBS-induced NF-κB activation, reversed TNBS-suppressed tight junction protein expression, and restored Th17/Treg balance. Also, treatment with LC27 or LC67 significantly decreased TNBS-induced alanine transaminase [ALT, F(5,30) = 3.50, P < 0.05] and aspartate transaminase [AST, F(5,30) = 12.81, P < 0.05] levels in the blood, as well as t-butylhydroperoxide-induced ALT and AST levels. Finally, the mixture of LC27 and LC67 (0.5 × 109 CFU/mouse, respectively) synergistically attenuated TNBS- or t-butylhydroperoxide-induced colitis and liver damage. The capability of LC27 and LC67 to reverse TNBS-mediated microbiota shift and damage signals suggests that these probiotics may synergistically attenuate colitis and liver injury by alleviating gut microbiota imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Eun Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Jeon-Kyung Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Myung Joo Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea.
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32
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Jena PK, Sheng L, Nagar N, Wu C, Barile D, Mills DA, Wan YJY. Synbiotics Bifidobacterium infantis and milk oligosaccharides are effective in reversing cancer-prone nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using western diet-fed FXR knockout mouse models. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:246-254. [PMID: 29800811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Milk oligosaccharides (MO) selectively increase the growth of Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis). This study examines the effects of bovine MO and B. infantis in preventing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in Western diet (WD)-fed bile acid (BA) receptor FXR (farnesoid x receptor) knockout (KO) mice. WD-fed FXR KO mice have cancer-prone NASH and reduced B. infantis. MO and/or B. infantis supplementation improved their insulin sensitivity and reduced hepatic inflammation. Additionally, B. infantis, but not MO, decreased hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol. A combination of both further reduced hepatic cholesterol, the precursor of BAs. All three treatments modulated serum and hepatic BA profile. Moreover, B. infantis and MO decreased hepatic CYP7A1 and induced Sult2a1, Sult2a2, and Sult2a3 suggesting reduced BA synthesis and increased detoxification. Furthermore, B. infantis and MO increased ileal BA membrane receptor TGR5-regulated signaling. Together, via BA-regulated signaling, synbiotics B. infantis and MO have their unique and combined effects in reversing NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasant Kumar Jena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Lili Sheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Nidhi Nagar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Research and Development, Hilmar Ingredients, Hilmar 95324, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616, CA, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616, CA, USA; Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis 95616, CA, USA
| | - Yui-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA.
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33
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Jeong JJ, Lee HJ, Jang SE, Han MJ, Kim DH. Lactobacillus plantarum C29 alleviates NF-κB activation and Th17/Treg imbalance in mice with TNBS-induced colitis. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1418841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ju Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Ji Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Eun Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Joo Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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34
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Hachimura S, Totsuka M, Hosono A. Immunomodulation by food: impact on gut immunity and immune cell function. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:584-599. [PMID: 29448897 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1433017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that various food components affect the immune response. These components act on various immune cells, and their effects are mediated through the intestinal immune system and, in some cases, the intestinal microbiota. In this review, we describe the immunomodulating effects of various food components, including probiotics, prebiotics, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, peptides, amino acids and polyphenols. Some of these components enhance immune responses, leading to host defense against infection, whereas others inhibit immune responses, thus suppressing allergy and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hachimura
- a Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mamoru Totsuka
- b Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Life Science , Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Japan
| | - Akira Hosono
- c Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Japan
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35
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Gleaning Insights from Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Probiotic Studies for the Rational Design of Combination Microbial Therapies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:191-231. [PMID: 27856521 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00049-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms hold promise for the treatment of numerous gastrointestinal diseases. The transfer of whole microbiota via fecal transplantation has already been shown to ameliorate the severity of diseases such as Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and others. However, the exact mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplant efficacy and the particular strains conferring this benefit are still unclear. Rationally designed combinations of microbial preparations may enable more efficient and effective treatment approaches tailored to particular diseases. Here we use an infectious disease, C. difficile infection, and an inflammatory disorder, the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis, as examples to facilitate the discussion of how microbial therapy might be rationally designed for specific gastrointestinal diseases. Fecal microbiota transplantation has already shown some efficacy in the treatment of both these disorders; detailed comparisons of studies evaluating commensal and probiotic organisms in the context of these disparate gastrointestinal diseases may shed light on potential protective mechanisms and elucidate how future microbial therapies can be tailored to particular diseases.
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Mizuno S, Nanki K, Matsuoka K, Saigusa K, Ono K, Arai M, Sugimoto S, Kiyohara H, Nakashima M, Takeshita K, Naganuma M, Suda W, Hattori M, Kanai T. Single fecal microbiota transplantation failed to change intestinal microbiota and had limited effectiveness against ulcerative colitis in Japanese patients. Intest Res 2017; 15:68-74. [PMID: 28239315 PMCID: PMC5323309 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2017.15.1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Recent developments in analytical techniques including next-generation sequencing have clarified the correlation between intestinal microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is proposed as a potential approach to resolving their dysbiosis; however, its safety and efficacy have not been confirmed. This single-arm, open-label, non-randomized study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of FMT for Japanese patients with UC as the first registered clinical trial in Japan. Methods We enrolled 10 patients with active UC despite medical therapy. The donors were the patients' relatives and were carefully screened for infectious diseases. Fecal material was administered via colonoscopy, and the primary endpoint was the presence or absence of serious adverse events related to FMT. The secondary endpoint was a change in partial Mayo score at 12 weeks post-FMT. Scores ≤2 were considered a clinical response. Fecal samples were collected to follow changes in gut microbiota, while extracted complementary DNA were analyzed by a next-generation sequencer. We obtained written informed consent from all patients and donors. This study was approved by our Institutional Review Board and is registered in the University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 000012814). Results Five patients with moderate disease and five with severe disease were enrolled. No severe adverse effects were observed. One patient achieved clinical response; however, none of the patients' microbiota diversity recovered to the donor levels. Conclusions The use of single FMT for UC was safe; however, we failed to show its clinical efficacy and potential to change the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinta Mizuno
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nanki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Saigusa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ono
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Arai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kiyohara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moeko Nakashima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozue Takeshita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.; Department of Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- Department of Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.; Laboratory of Metagenomics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Laboratory of Metagenomics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan.; Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Boudry G, Hamilton MK, Chichlowski M, Wickramasinghe S, Barile D, Kalanetra KM, Mills DA, Raybould HE. Bovine milk oligosaccharides decrease gut permeability and improve inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in diet-induced obese mice. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2471-2481. [PMID: 28131576 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by altered gut homeostasis, including dysbiosis and increased gut permeability closely linked to the development of metabolic disorders. Milk oligosaccharides are complex sugars that selectively enhance the growth of specific beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and could be used as prebiotics. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the effects of bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis (B. infantis) on restoring diet-induced obesity intestinal microbiota and barrier function defects in mice. Male C57/BL6 mice were fed a Western diet (WD, 40% fat/kcal) or normal chow (C, 14% fat/kcal) for 7 wk. During the final 2 wk of the study, the diet of a subgroup of WD-fed mice was supplemented with BMO (7% wt/wt). Weekly gavage of B. infantis was performed in all mice starting at wk 3, yet B. infantis could not be detected in any luminal contents when mice were killed. Supplementation of the WD with BMO normalized the cecal and colonic microbiota with increased abundance of Lactobacillus compared with both WD and C mice and restoration of Allobaculum and Ruminococcus levels to that of C mice. The BMO supplementation reduced WD-induced increase in paracellular and transcellular flux in the large intestine as well as mRNA levels of the inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor α. In conclusion, BMO are promising prebiotics to modulate gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function for enhanced health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Boudry
- INRA UR1341 Alimentation, Adaptations Digestives, Nerveuses et Comportementales, Saint-Gilles, France F-35590.
| | - M Kristina Hamilton
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - Maciej Chichlowski
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | | | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - Karen M Kalanetra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - Helen E Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis 95616
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Lim SM, Jeong JJ, Jang SE, Han MJ, Kim DH. A mixture of the probiotic strains Bifidobacterium longum CH57 and Lactobacillus brevis CH23 ameliorates colitis in mice by inhibiting macrophage activation and restoring the Th17/Treg balance. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Wu Y, Chung CS, Chen Y, Monaghan SF, Patel S, Huang X, Heffernan DS, Ayala A. A Novel Role for Programmed Cell Death Receptor Ligand-1 (PD-L1) in Sepsis-Induced Intestinal Dysfunction. Mol Med 2016; 22:830-840. [PMID: 27782294 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies imply that intestinal barrier dysfunction is a key contributor to morbid events associated with sepsis. Recently, co-inhibitory molecule, programmed death-ligand1 (PD-L1) has been shown to be involved in the regulation of intestinal immune tolerance and/or inflammation. Our previous studies showed that PD-L1 gene deficiency reduced sepsis-induced intestinal injury morphologically. However, it isn't known how PD-L1 expression impacts intestinal barrier dysfunction during sepsis. Here we tested the hypothesis that PD-L1 expressed on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) has a role in sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. To address this, C57BL/6 or PD-L1 gene knockout mice were subjected to experimental sepsis and PD-L1 expression, intestinal permeability, tissue cytokine levels were assessed. Subsequently, septic or non-septic patient colonic samples (assigned by pathology report) were immunohistochemically stained for PD-L1 I a blinded fashion. Finally, human Caco2 cells were used for in vitro studies. The results demonstrated that PD-L1 was constitutively expressed and sepsis significantly up-regulates PD-L1 in IECs from C57BL/6 mice. Concurrently, we observed an increased PD-L1 expression in colon tissue samples from septic patients. PD-L1 gene deficiency reduced ileal permeability, tissue levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1, and prevented ileal tight junction protein loss compared to WT after sepsis. Comparatively, while Caco2 cell monolayers responded to inflammatory cytokine stimulation also with elevated PD-L1 expression, increased monolayer permeability and altering/decreasing monolayer tight junction protein morphology/expression; these changes were reversed by PD-L1 blocking antibody. Together these data indicate that ligation of ICE PD-L1 plays a novel role in mediating the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Yaping Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sean Farrell Monaghan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sima Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Daithi Seamus Heffernan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Sharp SP, Avram D, Stain SC, Lee EC. Local and systemic Th17 immune response associated with advanced stage colon cancer. J Surg Res 2016; 208:180-186. [PMID: 27993206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how the immunologic microenvironment changes during tumor progression and metastatic spread. Recently, murine models have shown the T-helper 17 (Th17) pathway to play an important role in promoting colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to compare cytokine profiles in the tumor microenvironment of CRC between local disease (stages I/II) and advanced disease (stages III/IV), and to determine whether these changes were manifest in the systemic circulation of patients with advanced disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum and tissue cytokine profiles were assayed among patients with documented adenocarcinoma before surgical resection at a single institution from September 2014 to February 2015. Using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Th17 Cytokine Assay Kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories), the concentrations of multiple cytokines were determined. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between TNM staging and cytokine levels. RESULTS A total of 33 patients with documented adenocarcinoma were included. None of the patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. American Joint Commission on Cancer TNM classification was used. Advanced disease was associated with elevated tumor levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-17F, and only stage IV showed elevated systemic levels of Th17-associated cytokines IL-17F, IL-23, and IL-25. CONCLUSIONS The Th17 pathway likely has important mechanistic implications in human CRC. Metastatic disease was associated with elevated Th17-associated cytokines both in colonic tissue and systemically. These changes in systemic expression of Th17-associated cytokines could establish novel pathways for CRC and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Sharp
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Dorina Avram
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Steven C Stain
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Edward C Lee
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York.
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Saliganti V, Kapila R, Kapila S, Bhat MI. Probiotics in the modulation of maternal–infant immunity: Implications for allergic diseases. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1198913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Preventive rather than therapeutic treatment with high fiber diet attenuates clinical and inflammatory markers of acute and chronic DSS-induced colitis in mice. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:179-191. [PMID: 26458966 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders with important impact on global health. Prebiotic and probiotic strategies are thought to be useful in the context of experimental IBD. Here, we compared the effects of preventive versus therapeutic treatment with a high fiber diet (prebiotic) in combination or not with Bifidobacterium longum (probiotic) in a murine model of chronic colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced by adding dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to drinking water for 6 days (acute colitis) or for 5 cycles of DSS (chronic colitis). RESULTS Administration of the high fiber diet protected from acute colitis. Protection was optimal when diet was started 20 days prior to DSS. A 5-day pretreatment with acetate, a short-chain fatty acid, provided partial protection against acute colitis. In chronic colitis, pretreatment with the high fiber diet attenuated clinical and inflammatory parameters of disease. However, when the treatment with the high fiber diet started after disease had been established, overall protection was minimal. Similarly, delayed treatment with acetate or B. longum did not provide any protection even when the probiotic was associated with the high fiber diet. CONCLUSION Preventive use of a high fiber diet or acetate clearly protects mice against acute and chronic damage induced by DSS in mice. However, protection is lost when therapies are initiated after disease has been established. These results suggest that any therapy aimed at modifying the gut environment (e.g., prebiotic or probiotic strategies) should be given early in the course of disease.
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Th17 Cells as Potential Probiotic Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20841-58. [PMID: 26340622 PMCID: PMC4613231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by wasting and chronic intestinal inflammation triggered by various cytokine-mediated pathways. In recent years, it was shown that T helper 17 (Th17) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, which makes them an attractive therapeutic target. Th17 cells preferentially produce interleukin (IL)-17A–F as signature cytokines. The role of the interplay between host genetics and intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBD was demonstrated. Probiotics are live microorganisms that when orally ingested in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host by modulating the enteric flora or by stimulating the local immune system. Several studies indicated the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing and treating IBD (ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease). Furthermore, there is mounting evidence of probiotics selectively targeting the Th17 lineage in the prevention and management of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as IBD. This review highlights critical roles of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of IBD and the rationale for using probiotics as a novel therapeutic approach for IBD through manipulation of Th17 cells. The potential molecular mechanisms by which probiotics modulate Th17 cells differentiation and production are also discussed.
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44
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Chaplin AV, Efimov BA, Smeianov VV, Kafarskaia LI, Pikina AP, Shkoporov AN. Intraspecies Genomic Diversity and Long-Term Persistence of Bifidobacterium longum. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135658. [PMID: 26275230 PMCID: PMC4537262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of genus Bifidobacterium are Gram-positive bacteria, representing a large part of the human infant microbiota and moderately common in adults. However, our knowledge about their diversity, intraspecific phylogeny and long-term persistence in humans is still limited. Bifidobacterium longum is generally considered to be the most common and prevalent species in the intestinal microbiota. In this work we studied whole genome sequences of 28 strains of B. longum, including 8 sequences described in this paper. Part of these strains were isolated from healthy children during a long observation period (up to 10 years between isolation from the same patient). The three known subspecies (longum, infantis and suis) could be clearly divided using sequence-based phylogenetic methods, gene content and the average nucleotide identity. The profiles of glycoside hydrolase genes reflected the different ecological specializations of these three subspecies. The high impact of horizontal gene transfer on genomic diversity was observed, which is possibly due to a large number of prophages and rapidly spreading plasmids. The pan-genome characteristics of the subspecies longum corresponded to the open pan-genome model. While the major part of the strain-specific genetic loci represented transposons and phage-derived regions, a large number of cell envelope synthesis genes were also observed within this category, representing high variability of cell surface molecules. We observed the cases of isolation of high genetically similar strains of B. longum from the same patients after long periods of time, however, we didn’t succeed in the isolation of genetically identical bacteria: a fact, reflecting the high plasticity of microbiota in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Chaplin
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris A Efimov
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Smeianov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Medical Institute, North Caucasus State Academy for Humanities and Technologies, Cherkessk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila I Kafarskaia
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla P Pikina
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei N Shkoporov
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Wang X, Wang S, Hu C, Chen W, Shen Y, Wu X, Sun Y, Xu Q. A new pharmacological effect of levornidazole: Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26212544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Levornidazole, which was originally used to inhibit anaerobic and protozoal infections, is currently known to possess a novel pharmacological effect. In this study, we investigated the possible modulation by levornidazole of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated IL-1β and IL-18 release from macrophages. The NLRP3 inflammasome could be activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus ATP or monosodium urate (MSU) in PMA-pretreated THP-1 macrophages. Surprisingly, an in vitro study showed that levornidazole suppressed IL-1β and IL-18 secretion by blocking the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, dextrornidazole barely suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome. Levornidazole displays activity similar to that of dextrornidazole against clinical anaerobic bacteria, and they possess the same pharmacokinetic properties. Moreover, both of these compounds were unable to ameliorate T cell-mediated inflammation. Therefore, we used the widely applied NLRP3 inflammasome-related models of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and LPS-induced endotoxin shock to confirm the novel pharmacological effect of levornidazole in vivo. The in vivo studies verified the novel activity of levornidazole because the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by levornidazole contributed to a better ameliorating effect than that of dextrornidazole in the in vivo models tested. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect of levornidazole was found to be at least partially achieved by decreasing the mitochondrial ROS generation without inhibiting NF-κB activation. In summary, these data describe a new pharmacological effect of levornidazole as an inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Lactobacillus acidophilus suppresses colitis-associated activation of the IL-23/Th17 axis. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:909514. [PMID: 25973440 PMCID: PMC4417982 DOI: 10.1155/2015/909514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to determine the modulatory effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the IL-23/Th17 immune axis in experimental colitis. DSS-induced mouse models of UC were to be saline, hormones, and different concentrations of Lactobacillus acidophilus intervention. The expression of interleukin- (IL-) 17, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), IL-23, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and phosphorylated (p)-STAT3 was examined by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. And the results showed that administration of L. acidophilus suppressed Th17 cell-mediated secretion of proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 through downregulation of IL-23 and TGFβ1 expression and downstream phosphorylation of p-STAT3.
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Miyamoto J, Mizukure T, Park SB, Kishino S, Kimura I, Hirano K, Bergamo P, Rossi M, Suzuki T, Arita M, Ogawa J, Tanabe S. A gut microbial metabolite of linoleic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, ameliorates intestinal epithelial barrier impairment partially via GPR40-MEK-ERK pathway. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2902-18. [PMID: 25505251 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.610733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids have attracted much attention because of their various physiological properties. Dysfunction of tight junction (TJ) in the intestine contributes to the pathogenesis of many disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. We evaluated the effects of five novel gut microbial metabolites on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced barrier impairment in Caco-2 cells and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. 10-Hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid (HYA), a gut microbial metabolite of linoleic acid, suppressed TNF-α and dextran sulfate sodium-induced changes in the expression of TJ-related molecules, occludin, zonula occludens-1, and myosin light chain kinase. HYA also suppressed the expression of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) mRNA and protein expression in Caco-2 cells and colonic tissue. In addition, HYA suppressed the protein expression of TNFR2 in murine intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, HYA significantly up-regulated G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 40 expression in Caco-2 cells. It also induced [Ca(2+)]i responses in HEK293 cells expressing human GPR40 with higher sensitivity than linoleic acid, its metabolic precursor. The barrier-recovering effects of HYA were abrogated by a GPR40 antagonist and MEK inhibitor in Caco-2 cells. Conversely, 10-hydroxyoctadacanoic acid, which is a gut microbial metabolite of oleic acid and lacks a carbon-carbon double bond at Δ12 position, did not show these TJ-restoring activities and down-regulated GPR40 expression. Therefore, HYA modulates TNFR2 expression, at least partially, via the GPR40-MEK-ERK pathway and may be useful in the treatment of TJ-related disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Miyamoto
- From the Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Taichi Mizukure
- From the Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Si-Bum Park
- the Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- the Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, the Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kanako Hirano
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- the Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, via Roma 64, Avellino 83100, Italy, and
| | - Mauro Rossi
- the Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, via Roma 64, Avellino 83100, Italy, and
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- From the Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- the Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- the Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan,
| | - Soichi Tanabe
- From the Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan,
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48
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Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa, and its etiology remains unclear. Animal models are commonly used to study UC, including the murine model of colitis induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The murine model of DSS-induced colitis is well appreciated and widely used because of its simplicity, cheapness and high success rate. DSS-induced colitis has many similarities to human UC in location, clinical and histological features. In view of its indispensable position in the study of UC, we provide a brief overview of the animal model of DSS-induced colitis in terms of its features, modelling methods, pathogenesis and influencing factors.
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Amelioration of colitis in mouse model by exploring antioxidative potentials of an indigenous probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum Lf1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:206732. [PMID: 25061603 PMCID: PMC4100452 DOI: 10.1155/2014/206732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on the preliminary screening of eight indigenous putative probiotic Lactobacilli, Lactobacillus fermentum Lf1 was selected for assessing its antioxidative efficacy in DSS colitis mouse model based on its ability to enhance the expression of “Nrf2” by 6.43-fold and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibition by 78.1 ± 0.24% in HT-29 cells under H2O2 stress. The Disease Activity Index and histological scores of Lf1-treated mice were lower than the control group. However, expression of “Nrf2” was not observed in Lf1-treated mice. A significant increase in the expression of antioxidative enzymes such as SOD2 and TrxR-1 was recorded in both of the groups. The expression of SOD2 was significantly downregulated in colitis-induced mice by −100.00-fold relative to control group, and the downregulation was considerably reduced to −37.04-fold in colitis Lf1 treatment group. Almost, a similar trend was recorded in case of “thioredoxin” expression, though “CAT” was refractile to expression. The Lf1-treated group had decreased malondialdehyde level as compared to colitis control (37.92 ± 6.31 versus 91.13 ± 5.76 μM/g). These results point towards Lf1-induced activation of the antioxidant enzyme system in the mouse model and its prospects to be explored as a new strategy for IBD management.
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50
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Yoon H, Yoon YS, Kim MS, Chung MJ, Yum DY. A Probiotic Preparation Duolac-Gold Ameliorates Dextran Sulphate Sodium-induced Mouse Colitis by Downregulating the Expression of IL-6. Toxicol Res 2014; 30:27-32. [PMID: 24795796 PMCID: PMC4007040 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2014.30.1.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host. Duolac-Gold is a mixture of six probiotic bacteria containing three species of Bifidobacteria, two species of Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus thermophilus [corrected]. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of Duolac-Gold in an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mouse model. IBD was induced by administering 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 10 days. After induction of DSS-induced colitis, Duolac-Gold was orally administered at three different concentrations. Interestingly, Duolac-Gold treatment accelerated IBD healing, and anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by weight loss, length of the colon, and a microscopic damage score by histology. The expression of inflammatory related cytokines was measured in colon tissues and serum. Of these cytokines, the expression of interleukin-6 decreased remarkably after Duolac-Gold treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that Duolac-Gold treatment is effective in IBD healing by regulating IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Yoon
- R&D Center, Cellbiotech Co. Ltd., Gimpo, Korea
| | | | - Min-Soo Kim
- R&D Center, Cellbiotech Co. Ltd., Gimpo, Korea
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