1
|
Kleinwort KJH, Degroote RL, Hirmer S, Korbonits L, Lorenz L, Scholz AM, Hauck SM, Deeg CA. Bovine Peripheral Blood Derived Lymphocyte Proteome and Secretome Show Divergent Reaction of Bovine Immune Phenotypes after Stimulation with Pokeweed Mitogen. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10010007. [PMID: 35225986 PMCID: PMC8883952 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a deviant bovine immune phenotype characterized by hyperproliferation of lymphocytes after polyclonal stimulation. This phenotype was first discovered in dams that responded to PregSure BVD vaccination by producing pathological antibodies, triggering the fatal disease “bovine neonatal pancytopenia” in calves. The aim of the study was to gain deeper insights into molecular processes occurring in lymphocytes of immune phenotypes and the effect on their secretome after immune stimulation. Two discovery proteomic experiments were performed with unstimulated and Pokeweed Mitogen (PWM) stimulated lymphocytes, using label-free LC-MS/MS. In lymphocytes, 2447 proteins were quantified, and 1204 proteins were quantified in the secretome. Quantitative proteome analysis of immune deviant and control samples after PWM stimulation revealed clear differences. The increase in abundance of IL17A, IL17F, IL8, CCL5, LRRC59, and CLIC4 was higher in controls through mitogenic stimulation. In contrast, the abundance of IFNγ, IL2, IL2RA, CD83, and CD200 increased significantly more in immune deviant lymphocytes. Additional pathway enrichment analysis of differentially secreted proteins also yielded fundamental differences between the immune phenotypes. Our study provides a comprehensive dataset, which gives novel insights into proteome changes of lymphocytes from different bovine immune phenotypes. These differences point to the development of diverse immune responses of bovine immune phenotypes after immune stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J. H. Kleinwort
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Planegg, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (R.L.D.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (L.L.)
| | - Roxane L. Degroote
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Planegg, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (R.L.D.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (L.L.)
| | - Sieglinde Hirmer
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Planegg, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (R.L.D.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (L.L.)
| | - Lucia Korbonits
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Planegg, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (R.L.D.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (L.L.)
| | - Lea Lorenz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Planegg, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (R.L.D.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (L.L.)
| | - Armin M. Scholz
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany;
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-80939 Munich, Germany;
| | - Cornelia A. Deeg
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Planegg, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (R.L.D.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chantillon L, Devriendt B, De Jonge B, Oostvogels J, Coppens J, Pas ML, Bokma J, Pardon B. Three cases of alloimmune mediated pancytopenia in calves resembling bovine neonatal pancytopenia. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:11. [PMID: 34980122 PMCID: PMC8721189 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Between 2007 and 2011 several thousands of calves died from bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP), a bleeding syndrome triggered by vaccine induced alloantibodies from the dams. Following withdrawal of the involved bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDv) vaccine, the incidence of this condition rapidly decreased, with no reported cases in the last 5 years. Here, we report a recent immune-mediated pancytopenia in three calves from two different suckler herds, clinically indistinguishable from BNP. Case presentation Three Belgian Blue suckler calves from two different farms, aged around two weeks, showed multiple bleedings disseminated on the skin and petechiae and ecchymoses on the mucosae. Blood examination confirmed anaemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. BVDv infection was excluded. Despite blood transfusion and cortisone therapy, all three animals died. Necropsy and histology confirmed bone marrow depletion. Binding of IgG from the dams on leukocytes of the calves was demonstrated by flow cytometry. Two calves, originating from the same farm, received colostrum from the same dam. None of the calves were given colostrum replacers or colostrum supplements. No link with the BNP causing BVDv vaccine could be evidenced. However, dams had been vaccinated against bovine herpesvirus 1, parainfluenza-3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bluetongue virus serotype 8. Conclusions Alloimmune mediated pancytopenia was evidenced in three animals, clinically and pathologically indistinguishable from BNP. Whether this disease is again vaccine mediated remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Chantillon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - B Devriendt
- Laboratory for Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B De Jonge
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J Oostvogels
- Veterinary Practice Venhei, Geelsebaan 95-97, 2460, Kasterlee, Belgium
| | - J Coppens
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M L Pas
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J Bokma
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Observational Study on Variation of Longitudinal Platelet Counts in Calves over the First 14 Days of Life and Reference Intervals from Cross-Sectional Platelet and Leukocyte Counts in Dairy Calves up to Two Months of Age. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020347. [PMID: 33573024 PMCID: PMC7911096 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To define a healthy animal in an experimental setting or to differentiate and backup a diagnosis in cattle practice, reference intervals (RIs) in haematology diagnostics are necessary. The RIs in calves for blood cell counts, such as platelets and white blood cells, differ from RIs in adult cattle and are not widely studied. Blood results from dairy calves in the Netherlands were used to study the variation in platelet counts in young calves and to calculate an RI for platelet and white blood cell counts. In new-born calves up to six days of age, platelet counts were lower than in calves older than five days. From six days of age until 60 days of age we propose an RI platelet count of 287–1372 × 109/L and for the first 60 days of life an RI for leukocyte count of 4.0–18.9 × 109/L. Abstract Platelet and leukocyte count reference intervals (RIs) for cattle differ by age and while adult RIs are known, RIs for calves are studied less. The aims of this observational study are to evaluate variation of platelet counts of Holstein Friesian calves over the first 14 days of life and to propose RIs for platelet and leukocyte counts of Holstein Friesian calves aged 0–60 days. In a longitudinal study, 19 calves were blood sampled 17 times, in the first 14 days of their lives. Blood was collected in a citrate blood tube and platelet counts were determined. We assessed the course of platelet counts. In a field study, 457 healthy calves were blood sampled once. Blood was collected in an EDTA blood tube and platelet and leukocyte counts were determined. The RIs were calculated by the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. Platelet counts started to increase 24 h after birth (mean platelet count 381 × 109/L ± 138 × 109/L) and stabilized after five days (mean platelet count 642 × 109/L ± 265 × 109/L). In calves up to six days of age, platelet counts were lower than in calves older than five days. In conclusion, the RIs of platelet and leukocyte counts in calves were wider in range than the RIs for adult cattle, therefore, calf specific RIs for platelet and leukocyte counts should be used. From 6 until 60 days of age, we propose an RI for platelet counts of 287–1372 × 109/L and for the first 60 days of life an RI for leukocyte counts of 4.0–18.9 × 109/L.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sauter-Louis CM, Staubach C, Reichmann F, Stoll A, Rademacher G, Cussler K, Bastian M, Pfitzner-Friedrich A. Spatial distribution and incidence of bovine neonatal pancytopenia in Bavaria, Germany. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:155. [PMID: 32448386 PMCID: PMC7245873 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is a haemorrhagic disease of neonatal calves. BNP was first described in Germany in 2009, later on also in other European countries, and in New Zealand in 2011. The disease is characterised by spontaneous bleeding, pancytopaenia in the bone marrow, and a high case fatality ratio. The causal role of a specific bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) vaccine (PregSure®BVD, then Pfizer Animal Health, now Zoetis, Berlin, Germany) has been established over the last years, causing the production of alloantibodies in some vaccinated cattle, which in the case of pregnant cattle, are transferred to the newborn calf via the colostrum. However, striking regional differences in the incidence of the disease were observed within Germany and other countries, but as the disease was not notifiable, no representative data on the spatial distribution are available. In this study, we address the spatial distribution and incidence of BNP using the results of two representative surveys amongst cattle practitioners in Bavaria, Germany. The surveys, asking about the occurrence of BNP, were conducted in 2009 and 2010. Answers were analysed spatially by testing for clusters using space-time models. Practitioners were also asked how many cows they serve in their practice and this number was used to estimate the incidence of BNP. Furthermore, in the survey of 2010, practitioners were also asked about usage of vaccine against BVDV. RESULTS From the results of the surveys, three clusters were identified in Bavaria. These clusters also coincided with the usage of the specific BVDV vaccine as indicated by the veterinary practices. Furthermore, the representative surveys allow the estimation of the incidence of BNP to be in the order of 4 cases per 10,000 calves at risk. CONCLUSIONS The study is the only representative survey conducted on BNP. Despite the fact that BNP is a non-infectious disease, regional clusters were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carola M. Sauter-Louis
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Isle of Riems Germany
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Staubach
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Isle of Riems Germany
| | - Frederike Reichmann
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Stoll
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Günter Rademacher
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Cussler
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Max Bastian
- Stikovet, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Isle of Riems Germany
| | - Annette Pfitzner-Friedrich
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lutterberg K, Kleinwort KJH, Hobmaier BF, Hauck SM, Nüske S, Scholz AM, Deeg CA. A Functionally Different Immune Phenotype in Cattle Is Associated With Higher Mastitis Incidence. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2884. [PMID: 30574152 PMCID: PMC6291514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) induced pathogenic antibody production in 5-10% of BVD-vaccinated cows. Transfer of these antibodies via colostrum caused Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) in calves, with a lethality rate of 90%. The exact immunological mechanisms behind the onset of BNP are not fully understood to date. To gain further insight into these mechanisms, we analyzed the immune proteome from alloreactive antibody producers (BNP cows) and non-responders. After in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood derived lymphocytes (PBL), we detected distinctly deviant expression levels of several master regulators of immune responses in BNP cells, pointing to a changed immune phenotype with severe dysregulation of immune response in BNP cows. Interestingly, we also found this response pattern in 22% of non-BVD-vaccinated cows, indicating a genetic predisposition of this immune deviant (ID) phenotype in cattle. We additionally analyzed the functional correlation of the ID phenotype with 10 health parameters and 6 diseases in a retrospective study over 38 months. The significantly increased prevalence of mastitis among ID cows emphasizes the clinical relevance of this deviant immune response and its potential impact on the ability to fight infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lutterberg
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard F. Hobmaier
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit for Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Nüske
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Armin M. Scholz
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Cornelia A. Deeg
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sauter-Louis C, Jones BA, Henning J, Stoll A, Nielen M, Van Schaik G, Smolenaars A, Schouten M, den Uijl I, Fourichon C, Guatteo R, Madouasse A, Nusinovici S, Deprez P, De Vliegher S, Laureyns J, Booth R, Cardwell JM, Pfeiffer DU. Herd-level animal management factors associated with the occurrence of bovine neonatal pancytopenia in calves in a multi-country study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179878. [PMID: 28678850 PMCID: PMC5497972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2007, mortality associated with a previously unreported haemorrhagic disease has been observed in young calves in several European countries. The syndrome, which has been named ‘bovine neonatal pancytopenia’ (BNP), is characterised by thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia and a panmyelophthisis. A herd-level case-control study was conducted in four BNP affected countries (Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands) to identify herd management risk factors for BNP occurrence. Data were collected using structured face-to-face and telephone interviews of farm managers and their local veterinarians. In total, 363 case farms and 887 control farms were included in a matched multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis. Case-control status was strongly associated with the odds of herd level use of the vaccine PregSure® BVD (PregSure, Pfizer Animal Health) (matched adjusted odds ratio (OR) 107.2; 95% CI: 41.0–280.1). This was also the case for the practices of feeding calves colostrum from the calf’s own dam (OR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1–3.4) or feeding pooled colostrum (OR 4.1; 95% CI: 1.9–8.8). Given that the study had relatively high statistical power and represented a variety of cattle production and husbandry systems, it can be concluded with some confidence that no other herd level management factors are competent causes for a sufficient cause of BNP occurrence on herd level. It is suggested that genetic characteristics of the dams and BNP calves should be the focus of further investigations aimed at identifying the currently missing component causes that together with PregSure vaccination and colostrum feeding represent a sufficient cause for occurrence of BNP in calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carola Sauter-Louis
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics & Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, United Kingodm
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Suedufer 10, Greifswald–Isle of Riems, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Bryony A. Jones
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics & Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, United Kingodm
| | - Jörg Henning
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Alexander Stoll
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Mirjam Nielen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 7, CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anja Smolenaars
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, AA Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Schouten
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 7, CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid den Uijl
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, AA Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Fourichon
- INRA, UMRI300 Biology, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis in Animal Health, INRA, LUNAM Université Oniris, Ecole nationale vétérinarie, agroalimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes Atlantique, Atlanpole La Chantrerie, BP Nantes, France
| | - Raphael Guatteo
- INRA, UMRI300 Biology, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis in Animal Health, INRA, LUNAM Université Oniris, Ecole nationale vétérinarie, agroalimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes Atlantique, Atlanpole La Chantrerie, BP Nantes, France
| | - Aurélien Madouasse
- INRA, UMRI300 Biology, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis in Animal Health, INRA, LUNAM Université Oniris, Ecole nationale vétérinarie, agroalimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes Atlantique, Atlanpole La Chantrerie, BP Nantes, France
| | - Simon Nusinovici
- INRA, UMRI300 Biology, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis in Animal Health, INRA, LUNAM Université Oniris, Ecole nationale vétérinarie, agroalimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes Atlantique, Atlanpole La Chantrerie, BP Nantes, France
| | - Piet Deprez
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Biology of Large Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jozef Laureyns
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Booth
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline M. Cardwell
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics & Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, United Kingodm
| | - Dirk U. Pfeiffer
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics & Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, United Kingodm
- School of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
O'Connor AM, Sargeant JM, Dohoo IR, Erb HN, Cevallos M, Egger M, Ersbøll AK, Martin SW, Nielsen LR, Pearl DL, Pfeiffer DU, Sanchez J, Torrence ME, Vigre H, Waldner C, Ward MP. Explanation and Elaboration Document for the
STROBE
‐Vet Statement: Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology – Veterinary Extension. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 63:662-698. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. O'Connor
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Iowa State University Ames IA USA
| | - J. M. Sargeant
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
- Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College Guelph ON Canada
| | - I. R. Dohoo
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown PEI Canada
| | - H. N. Erb
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - M. Cevallos
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern BernSwitzerland
| | - M. Egger
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern BernSwitzerland
| | - A. K. Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. W. Martin
- Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College Guelph ON Canada
| | - L. R. Nielsen
- Section for Animal Welfare and Disease Control University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - D. L. Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College Guelph ON Canada
| | - D. U. Pfeiffer
- Department of Production and Population Health Royal Veterinary College London UK
| | - J. Sanchez
- Department of Health Management University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown PEI Canada
| | - M. E. Torrence
- Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition College Park MD USA
| | - H. Vigre
- National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - C. Waldner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - M. P. Ward
- Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSWAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
O'Connor AM, Sargeant JM, Dohoo IR, Erb HN, Cevallos M, Egger M, Ersbøll AK, Martin SW, Nielsen LR, Pearl DL, Pfeiffer DU, Sanchez J, Torrence ME, Vigre H, Waldner C, Ward MP. Explanation and Elaboration Document for the STROBE-Vet Statement: Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Veterinary Extension. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1896-1928. [PMID: 27859752 PMCID: PMC5115190 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) statement was first published in 2007 and again in 2014. The purpose of the original STROBE was to provide guidance for authors, reviewers, and editors to improve the comprehensiveness of reporting; however, STROBE has a unique focus on observational studies. Although much of the guidance provided by the original STROBE document is directly applicable, it was deemed useful to map those statements to veterinary concepts, provide veterinary examples, and highlight unique aspects of reporting in veterinary observational studies. Here, we present the examples and explanations for the checklist items included in the STROBE-Vet statement. Thus, this is a companion document to the STROBE-Vet statement methods and process document (JVIM_14575 "Methods and Processes of Developing the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Veterinary (STROBE-Vet) Statement" undergoing proofing), which describes the checklist and how it was developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M O'Connor
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - J M Sargeant
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - I R Dohoo
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - H N Erb
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - M Cevallos
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Egger
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A K Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S W Martin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - L R Nielsen
- Section for Animal Welfare and Disease Control, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D L Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - D U Pfeiffer
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - J Sanchez
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - M E Torrence
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD
| | - H Vigre
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Waldner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - M P Ward
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benedictus L, Bell CR. The risks of using allogeneic cell lines for vaccine production: the example of Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:65-71. [PMID: 27744721 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1249859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is a hemorrhagic disease that emerged in calves across Europe in 2007. Its occurrence is attributed to immunization of the calf's mother with a vaccine produced using an allogeneic cell line. Vaccine-induced alloantibodies specific for major-histocompatibility class I antigens are transferred from the mother to the calf via colostrum, leading to profound depletion of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells that is often fatal. Areas covered: Pubmed and Web of Science were used to search for literature relevant to BNP and the use of allogeneic vaccine cell lines. Following a review of the pathology and pathogenesis of this novel condition, we discuss potential risks associated with the use of allogeneic vaccine cell lines. Expert commentary: Although BNP is associated with a specific vaccine, it highlights safety concerns common to all vaccines produced using allogeneic cell lines. Measures to prevent similar vaccine-induced alloimmune-mediated adverse events in the future are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindert Benedictus
- a Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Department of Medical Microbiology , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte R Bell
- c The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush , Midlothian , Scotland , UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stoll A, Pfitzner-Friedrich A, Reichmann F, Rauschendorfer J, Roessler A, Rademacher G, Knubben-Schweizer G, Sauter-Louis C. Existence of bovine neonatal pancytopenia before the year 2005? Retrospective evaluation of 215 cases of haemorrhagic diathesis in cattle. Vet J 2016; 216:59-63. [PMID: 27687927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Haemorrhagic diathesis (HD) in cattle is a relatively rare syndrome that can have many different causes. With the occurrence of bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) in 2007, the number of cases of HD in cattle has increased. This led to an enhanced interest in diseases presenting with bleeding disorders. The possible causes of HD in cattle, the clinical findings, and the course of various diseases are described and evaluated. Furthermore, we determined whether cases of BNP occurred before the introduction of the vaccine Pregsure BVD since its widespread use was associated with the syndrome. Records of 215 cases of HD in cattle that had been referred to the Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, between 1982 and 2014 were evaluated. The two most commonly diagnosed diseases were BNP (n = 95) and septicaemia (n = 35), with fatality rates of 82% and 66%, respectively. In 27 (13%) cases, no clear cause for the HD could be designated. Statistically significant differences were found with regard to the course of the various disorders and the clinical findings. A receiver operating characteristic analysis of thrombocyte counts of affected animals at the time of arrival at the clinic did not provide any predictive information on disease outcome. Two cases of HD occurred before the introduction of Pregsure BVD (1989, 1991). In both cases, clinical, haematological, and pathological findings were identical to BNP. The cause of HD in these two cases could not be determined retrospectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Stoll
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - A Pfitzner-Friedrich
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - F Reichmann
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - J Rauschendorfer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - A Roessler
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - G Rademacher
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - G Knubben-Schweizer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - C Sauter-Louis
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Benedictus L, Rutten VPMG, Koets AP. Pregnancy boosts vaccine-induced Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia-associated alloantibodies. Vaccine 2016; 34:1002-5. [PMID: 26796141 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although maternal vaccination is generally considered to be safe, the occurrence of Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia (BNP) in cattle shows that maternal vaccination may pose a risk to the offspring. Pregsure BVD-induced maternal alloantibodies cause BNP in newborn calves. The occurrence of BNP years after last Pregsure BVD vaccination indicates that alloantibody levels may remain high in dams. Since pregnancy induces alloantibodies we hypothesized that pregnancy boosts the vaccine-induced alloantibody response. Alloantibody levels in Pregsure BVD-vaccinated dams increased from conception towards the end of gestation and declined after parturition. In parallel, BVDV-antibody levels remained constant, indicating that there is specific boosting of alloantibodies. Since the rise in alloantibodies coincides with pregnancy and other alloantigen sources were excluded, we concluded that fetal alloantigens expressed during pregnancy boost the alloimmune response in the dam. These results help explain why BNP cases occur even years after Pregsure BVD has been taken off the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindert Benedictus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ad P Koets
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pathogenicity of Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia-associated vaccine-induced alloantibodies correlates with Major Histocompatibility Complex class I expression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12748. [PMID: 26235972 PMCID: PMC4522679 DOI: 10.1038/srep12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia (BNP), a fatal bleeding syndrome of neonatal calves, is caused by maternal alloantibodies absorbed from colostrum and is characterized by lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia. An inactivated viral vaccine is the likely source of alloantigens inducing BNP-associated alloantibodies in the dam. In this study the specificity of BNP alloantibodies was assessed and was linked to the pathology of BNP. We demonstrated that Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC I) and Very Late Antigen-3, an integrin α3/β1 heterodimer, were the major targets of BNP alloantibodies. However, alloantibody binding to various bovine cell types correlated with MHC I expression, rather than integrin β1 or α3 expression. Likewise, alloantibody-dependent complement-mediated cell lysis correlated strongly with MHC I expression. Examination of several tissues of third trimester bovine foetuses revealed that cells, shown to be affected in calves with BNP, were characterized by high MHC class I expression and high levels of alloantibody binding. We conclude that in spite of the heterogeneous specificity of BNP associated maternal alloantibodies, MHC I-specific antibodies mediate the pathogenicity of BNP in the calf and that cells with high MHC I expression were preferentially affected in BNP.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bell CR, MacHugh ND, Connelley TK, Degnan K, Morrison WI. Haematopoietic depletion in vaccine-induced neonatal pancytopenia depends on both the titre and specificity of alloantibody and levels of MHC I expression. Vaccine 2015; 33:3488-96. [PMID: 26055292 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia (BNP) is a disease of calves characterised by haematopoietic depletion, mediated by ingestion of alloantibodies in colostrum. It has been linked epidemiologically to vaccination of the dams of affected calves with a particular vaccine (Pregsure) containing a novel adjuvant. Evidence suggests that BNP-alloantibodies are directed against MHC I molecules, induced by contaminant bovine cellular material from Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells used in the vaccine's production. We aimed to investigate the specificity of BNP-alloantibody for bovine MHC I alleles, particularly those expressed by MDBK cells, and whether depletion of particular cell types is due to differential MHC I expression levels. A complement-mediated cytotoxicity assay was used to assess functional serum alloantibody titres in BNP-dams, Pregsure-vaccinated dams with healthy calves, cows vaccinated with an alternative product and unvaccinated controls. Alloantibody specificity was investigated using transfected mouse lines expressing the individual MHC I alleles identified from MDBK cells and MHC I-defined bovine leukocyte lines. All BNP-dams and 50% of Pregsure-vaccinated cows were shown to have MDBK-MHC I specific alloantibodies, which cross-reacted to varying degrees with other MHC I genotypes. MHC I expression levels on different blood cell types, assessed by flow cytometry, were found to correlate with levels of alloantibody-mediated damage in vitro and in vivo. Alloantibody-killed bone marrow cells were shown to express higher levels of MHC I than undamaged cells. The results provide evidence that MHC I-specific alloantibodies play a dominant role in the pathogenesis of BNP. Haematopoietic depletion was shown to be dependent on the titre and specificity of alloantibody produced by individual cows and the density of surface MHC I expression by different cell types. Collectively, the results support the hypothesis that MHC I molecules originating from MDBK cells used in vaccine production, coupled with a powerful adjuvant, are responsible for the generation of pathogenic alloantibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R Bell
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK.
| | - Niall D MacHugh
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Timothy K Connelley
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Kathryn Degnan
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - W Ivan Morrison
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Benedictus L, Otten HG, van Schaik G, van Ginkel WGJ, Heuven HCM, Nielen M, Rutten VPMG, Koets AP. Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia is a heritable trait of the dam rather than the calf and correlates with the magnitude of vaccine induced maternal alloantibodies not the MHC haplotype. Vet Res 2014; 45:129. [PMID: 25516422 PMCID: PMC4269077 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia (BNP), a bleeding syndrome of neonatal calves, is caused by alloantibodies absorbed from the colostrum of particular cows. A commercial BVD vaccine is the likely source of alloantigens eliciting BNP associated alloantibodies. We hypothesized that the rare occurrence of BNP in calves born to vaccinated dams could be associated with genetic differences within dams and calves. We found that the development of BNP within calves was a heritable trait for dams, not for calves and had a high heritability of 19%. To elucidate which genes play a role in the development of BNP we sequenced candidate genes and characterized BNP alloantibodies. Alloantigens present in the vaccine have to be presented to the dam’s immune system via MHC class II, however sequencing of DRB3 showed no differences in MHC class II haplotype between BNP and non-BNP dams. MHC class I, a highly polymorphic alloantigen, is an important target of BNP alloantibodies. Using a novel sequence based MHC class I typing method, we found no association of BNP with MHC class I haplotype distribution in dams or calves. Alloantibodies were detected in both vaccinated BNP and non-BNP dams and we found no differences in alloantibody characteristics between these groups, but alloantibody levels were significantly higher in BNP dams. We concluded that the development of BNP in calves is a heritable trait of the dam rather than the calf and genetic differences between BNP and non-BNP dams are likely due to genes controlling the quantitative alloantibody response following vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindert Benedictus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|