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Ichioka S, Satooka H, Maruo Y, Hirata T. Moesin deficiency leads to lupus-like nephritis with accumulation of CXCL13-producing patrolling monocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 712-713:149943. [PMID: 38640733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Moesin is a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins that link plasma membrane proteins to the cortical cytoskeleton and thus regulate diverse cellular processes. Mutations in the human moesin gene cause a primary immunodeficiency called X-linked moesin-associated immunodeficiency (X-MAID), which may be complicated by an autoimmune phenotype with kidney involvement. We previously reported that moesin-deficient mice exhibit lymphopenia similar to that of X-MAID and develop a lupus-like autoimmune phenotype with age. However, the mechanism through which moesin defects cause kidney pathology remains obscure. Here, we characterized immune cell infiltration and chemokine expression in the kidney of moesin-deficient mice. We found accumulation of CD4+ T and CD11b+ myeloid cells and high expression of CXCL13, whose upregulation was detected before the onset of overt nephritis. CD4+ T cell population contained IFN-γ-producing effectors and expressed the CXCL13 receptor CXCR5. Among myeloid cells, Ly6Clo patrolling monocytes and MHCIIlo macrophages markedly accumulated in moesin-deficient kidneys and expressed high CXCL13 levels, implicating the CXCL13-CXCR5 axis in nephritis development. Functionally, Ly6Clo monocytes from moesin-deficient mice showed reduced migration toward sphingosine 1-phosphate. These findings suggest that moesin plays a role in regulating patrolling monocyte homeostasis, and that its defects lead to nephritis associated with accumulation of CXCL13-producing monocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Ichioka
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Satooka
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Maruo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takako Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
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2
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Zhou YK, Han CS, Zhu ZL, Chen P, Wang YM, Lin S, Chen LJ, Zhuang ZM, Zhou YH, Yang RL. M2 exosomes modified by hydrogen sulfide promoted bone regeneration by moesin mediated endocytosis. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:192-205. [PMID: 37593496 PMCID: PMC10429289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects caused by trauma or tumor led to high medical costs and poor life quality for patients. The exosomes, micro vesicles of 30-150 nm in diameter, derived from macrophages manipulated bone regeneration. However, the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the biogenesis and function of exosomes and its effects on bone regeneration remains elusive. In this study, we used H2S slow releasing donor GYY4137 to stimulate macrophages and found that H2S promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages to increase bone regeneration of MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we developed the H2S pre-treated M2 macrophage exosomes and found these exosomes displayed significantly higher capacity to promote bone regeneration in calvarial bone defects by re-establishing the local immune microenvironment. Mechanically, H2S treatment altered the protein profile of exosomes derived from M2 macrophages. One of the significantly enriched exosomal proteins stimulated by H2S, moesin protein, facilitated the exosomes endocytosis into MSCs, leading to activated the β-catenin signaling pathway to promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. In summary, H2S pretreated M2 exosomes promoted the bone regeneration of MSCs via facilitating exosomes uptake by MSCs and activate β-catenin signaling pathway. This study not only provides new strategies for promoting bone regeneration, but also provides new insights for the effect and mechanism of exosomes internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-kun Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-shan Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-lu Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-ming Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Liu-jing Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-meng Zhuang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-heng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-li Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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3
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Kihara Y, Chun J. Molecular and neuroimmune pharmacology of S1P receptor modulators and other disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108432. [PMID: 37149155 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological, immune-mediated demyelinating disease that affects people in the prime of life. Environmental, infectious, and genetic factors have been implicated in its etiology, although a definitive cause has yet to be determined. Nevertheless, multiple disease-modifying therapies (DMTs: including interferons, glatiramer acetate, fumarates, cladribine, teriflunomide, fingolimod, siponimod, ozanimod, ponesimod, and monoclonal antibodies targeting ITGA4, CD20, and CD52) have been developed and approved for the treatment of MS. All the DMTs approved to date target immunomodulation as their mechanism of action (MOA); however, the direct effects of some DMTs on the central nervous system (CNS), particularly sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulators, implicate a parallel MOA that may also reduce neurodegenerative sequelae. This review summarizes the currently approved DMTs for the treatment of MS and provides details and recent advances in the molecular pharmacology, immunopharmacology, and neuropharmacology of S1PR modulators, with a special focus on the CNS-oriented, astrocyte-centric MOA of fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, United States of America.
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, United States of America
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4
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Kamnev A, Lacouture C, Fusaro M, Dupré L. Molecular Tuning of Actin Dynamics in Leukocyte Migration as Revealed by Immune-Related Actinopathies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750537. [PMID: 34867982 PMCID: PMC8634686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Motility is a crucial activity of immune cells allowing them to patrol tissues as they differentiate, sample or exchange information, and execute their effector functions. Although all immune cells are highly migratory, each subset is endowed with very distinct motility patterns in accordance with functional specification. Furthermore individual immune cell subsets adapt their motility behaviour to the surrounding tissue environment. This review focuses on how the generation and adaptation of diversified motility patterns in immune cells is sustained by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In particular, we review the knowledge gained through the study of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) related to actin defects. Such pathologies are unique models that help us to uncover the contribution of individual actin regulators to the migration of immune cells in the context of their development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kamnev
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Lacouture
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire De Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université De Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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5
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Zhang D, Qi D, Xu Y, Hu C, Zhang X, Yang Q, Shang Z, Zhang G. The S1PR1 agonist SEW2871 promotes the survival of skin flap. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1280-1287. [PMID: 34310896 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin flap transfer is an important method to repair and reconstruct various tissue defects; however, avascular necrosis largely affects the success of flap transfer. The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) agonist SEW2871 has been proven to ameliorate ischemic injury; however, its effect on flap survival has not been reported. In this study, an experimental skin flap model was established in rats to investigate the roles of SEW2871. The results indicated that SEW2871 greatly increased the survival of the skin flap, alleviated pathological injury, promoted the angiogenesis, and inhibited cells apoptosis in skin flap tissues. SEW2871 activated S1PR1 downstream signaling pathways, including heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt). In addition, SEW2871 promoted the expression of S1PR1. These findings may provide novel insights for skin flap transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Qi
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhe Hu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjian Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Zikun Shang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
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6
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Robertson TF, Chengappa P, Gomez Atria D, Wu CF, Avery L, Roy NH, Maillard I, Petrie RJ, Burkhardt JK. Lymphocyte egress signal sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes ERM-guided, bleb-based migration. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211919. [PMID: 33764397 PMCID: PMC8006814 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) family proteins regulate cytoskeletal responses by tethering the plasma membrane to the underlying actin cortex. Mutations in ERM proteins lead to severe combined immunodeficiency, but the function of these proteins in T cells remains poorly defined. Using mice in which T cells lack all ERM proteins, we demonstrate a selective role for these proteins in facilitating S1P-dependent egress from lymphoid organs. ERM-deficient T cells display defective S1P-induced migration in vitro, despite normal responses to standard protein chemokines. Analysis of these defects revealed that S1P promotes a fundamentally different mode of migration than chemokines, characterized by intracellular pressurization and bleb-based motility. ERM proteins facilitate this process, controlling directional migration by limiting blebbing to the leading edge. We propose that the distinct modes of motility induced by S1P and chemokines are specialized to allow T cell migration across lymphatic barriers and through tissue stroma, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner F Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Daniela Gomez Atria
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine F Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lyndsay Avery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nathan H Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ryan J Petrie
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Janis K Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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7
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Okazaki T, Saito D, Inden M, Kawaguchi K, Wakimoto S, Nakahari T, Asano S. Moesin is involved in microglial activation accompanying morphological changes and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:52. [PMID: 33129281 PMCID: PMC10717892 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Moesin is a member of the ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM) proteins that are involved in the formation and/or maintenance of cortical actin organization through their cross-linking activity between actin filaments and proteins located on the plasma membranes as well as through regulation of small GTPase activities. Microglia, immune cells in the central nervous system, show dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in their process elongation and retraction as well as phagocytosis and migration. In microglia, moesin is the predominant ERM protein. Here, we show that microglial activation after systemic lipopolysaccharide application is partly inhibited in moesin knockout (Msn-KO) mice. We prepared primary microglia from wild-type and Msn-KO mice, and studied them to compare their phenotypes accompanying morphological changes and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton induced by UDP-stimulated phagocytosis and ADP-stimulated migration. The Msn-KO microglia showed higher phagocytotic activity in the absence of UDP, which was not further increased by the treatment with UDP. They also exhibited decreased ADP-stimulated migration activities compared with the wild-type microglia. However, the Msn-KO microglia retained their ability to secrete tumor necrosis factor α and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Okazaki
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Daichi Saito
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inden
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Gifu City University Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kotoku Kawaguchi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Sayuri Wakimoto
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahari
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shinji Asano
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan.
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8
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Anwar M, Mehta D. Post-translational modifications of S1PR1 and endothelial barrier regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158760. [PMID: 32585303 PMCID: PMC7409382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1), a G-protein coupled receptor that is expressed in endothelium and activated upon ligation by the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is an important vascular-barrier protective mechanism at the level of adherens junctions (AJ). Loss of endothelial barrier function is a central factor in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory conditions characterized by protein-rich lung edema formation, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While several S1PR1 agonists are available, the challenge of arresting the progression of protein-rich edema formation remains to be met. In this review, we discuss the role of S1PRs, especially S1PR1, in regulating endothelial barrier function. We review recent findings showing that replenishment of the pool of cell-surface S1PR1 may be crucial to the effectiveness of S1P in repairing the endothelial barrier. In this context, we discuss the S1P generating machinery and mechanisms that regulate S1PR1 at the cell surface and their impact on endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
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9
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The S1P-S1PR Axis in Neurological Disorders-Insights into Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061515. [PMID: 32580348 PMCID: PMC7349054 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), derived from membrane sphingolipids, is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid mediator capable of evoking complex immune phenomena. Studies have highlighted its importance regarding intracellular signaling cascades as well as membrane-bound S1P receptor (S1PR) engagement in various clinical conditions. In neurological disorders, the S1P–S1PR axis is acknowledged in neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and cerebrovascular disorders. Modulators of S1P signaling have enabled an immense insight into fundamental pathological pathways, which were pivotal in identifying and improving the treatment of human diseases. However, its intricate molecular signaling pathways initiated upon receptor ligation are still poorly elucidated. In this review, the authors highlight the current evidence for S1P signaling in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders as well as stroke and present an array of drugs targeting the S1P signaling pathway, which are being tested in clinical trials. Further insights on how the S1P–S1PR axis orchestrates disease initiation, progression, and recovery may hold a remarkable potential regarding therapeutic options in these neurological disorders.
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10
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Cartier A, Hla T. Sphingosine 1-phosphate: Lipid signaling in pathology and therapy. Science 2020; 366:366/6463/eaar5551. [PMID: 31624181 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a metabolic product of cell membrane sphingolipids, is bound to extracellular chaperones, is enriched in circulatory fluids, and binds to G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) to regulate embryonic development, postnatal organ function, and disease. S1PRs regulate essential processes such as adaptive immune cell trafficking, vascular development, and homeostasis. Moreover, S1PR signaling is a driver of multiple diseases. The past decade has witnessed an exponential growth in this field, in part because of multidisciplinary research focused on this lipid mediator and the application of S1PR-targeted drugs in clinical medicine. This has revealed fundamental principles of lysophospholipid mediator signaling that not only clarify the complex and wide ranging actions of S1P but also guide the development of therapeutics and translational directions in immunological, cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory, and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreane Cartier
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P)/ S1P Receptor Signaling and Mechanotransduction: Implications for Intrinsic Tissue Repair/Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225545. [PMID: 31703256 PMCID: PMC6888058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage, irrespective from the underlying etiology, destroys tissue structure and, eventually, function. In attempt to achieve a morpho-functional recover of the damaged tissue, reparative/regenerative processes start in those tissues endowed with regenerative potential, mainly mediated by activated resident stem cells. These cells reside in a specialized niche that includes different components, cells and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), which, reciprocally interacting with stem cells, direct their cell behavior. Evidence suggests that ECM stiffness represents an instructive signal for the activation of stem cells sensing it by various mechanosensors, able to transduce mechanical cues into gene/protein expression responses. The actin cytoskeleton network dynamic acts as key mechanotransducer of ECM signal. The identification of signaling pathways influencing stem cell mechanobiology may offer therapeutic perspectives in the regenerative medicine field. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) signaling, acting as modulator of ECM, ECM-cytoskeleton linking proteins and cytoskeleton dynamics appears a promising candidate. This review focuses on the current knowledge on the contribution of S1P/S1PR signaling in the control of mechanotransduction in stem/progenitor cells. The potential contribution of S1P/S1PR signaling in the mechanobiology of skeletal muscle stem cells will be argued based on the intriguing findings on S1P/S1PR action in this mechanically dynamic tissue.
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12
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Oligodendrocyte degeneration and concomitant microglia activation directs peripheral immune cells into the forebrain. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:139-153. [PMID: 30867127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-intrinsic degenerative cascades are a proposed factor driving inflammatory lesion formation in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We recently showed that encephalitogenic lymphocytes are recruited to the sites of active demyelination induced by cuprizone. Here, we investigated whether cuprizone-induced oligodendrocyte and myelin pathology is sufficient to trigger peripheral immune cell recruitment into the forebrain. We show that early cuprizone-induced white matter lesions display a striking similarity to early MS lesions, i.e., oligodendrocyte degeneration, microglia activation and absence of severe lymphocyte infiltration. Such early cuprizone lesions are sufficient to trigger peripheral immune cell recruitment secondary to subsequent EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) induction. The lesions are characterized by discontinuation of the perivascular glia limitans, focal axonal damage, and perivascular astrocyte pathology. Time course studies showed that the severity of cuprizone-induced lesions positively correlates with the extent of peripheral immune cell recruitment. Furthermore, results of genome-wide array analyses suggest that moesin is integral for early microglia activation in cuprizone and MS lesions. This study underpins the significance of brain-intrinsic degenerative cascades for immune cell recruitment and, in consequence, MS lesion formation.
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13
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Abstract
Moesin is expressed in several types of cells including epithelial and endothelial cells. Several groups reported that moesin plays important roles in the regulation of the cellular motility, and the process of internalization of membrane proteins. However, the physiological roles of moesin in the kidney still remain unclear. Herein, we examined the physiological function of moesin in the kidney using moesin knockout (Msn -/y ) mice. There was no obvious abnormality in the renal morphology of Msn -/y mice. However, we found that Msn -/y mice exhibited mild hyperchloremia, and reduced glomerular filtration rate compared to wild type (WT) mice. Absolute electrolytes excretions of NaCl in Msn -/y mice were not significantly changed compared to WT mice. In the renal medulla, moesin was detected in thick ascending limb of Henle (TALH) as previously reported. To determine the physiological function of moesin in TALH, we examined the expression and subcellular localization of NKCC2 in Msn -/y mice. Interestingly, apical surface expression level, but not total expression of NKCC2 was increased in Msn -/y mice. Subcellular fractionation of renal medulla lysate and internalization assay using tubular suspension showed that the process of NKCC2 endocytosis is impaired. Since the distribution of NKCC2 in lipid raft fractions was decreased in Msn -/y mice, moesin may regulate the NKCC2 distribution to microdomain. These results suggest that moesin regulates the internalization of NKCC2. Furthermore, euhydration by water loading caused hyponatremina in Msn -/y mice, suggesting that dysfunction of moesin is associated with the nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD).
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14
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Hochapfel F, Denk L, Mendl G, Schulze U, Maaßen C, Zaytseva Y, Pavenstädt H, Weide T, Rachel R, Witzgall R, Krahn MP. Distinct functions of Crumbs regulating slit diaphragms and endocytosis in Drosophila nephrocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4573-4586. [PMID: 28717874 PMCID: PMC11107785 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian podocytes, the key determinants of the kidney's filtration barrier, differentiate from columnar epithelial cells and several key determinants of apical-basal polarity in the conventional epithelia have been shown to regulate podocyte morphogenesis and function. However, little is known about the role of Crumbs, a conserved polarity regulator in many epithelia, for slit-diaphragm formation and podocyte function. In this study, we used Drosophila nephrocytes as model system for mammalian podocytes and identified a conserved function of Crumbs proteins for cellular morphogenesis, nephrocyte diaphragm assembly/maintenance, and endocytosis. Nephrocyte-specific knock-down of Crumbs results in disturbed nephrocyte diaphragm assembly/maintenance and decreased endocytosis, which can be rescued by Drosophila Crumbs as well as human Crumbs2 and Crumbs3, which were both expressed in human podocytes. In contrast to the extracellular domain, which facilitates nephrocyte diaphragm assembly/maintenance, the intracellular FERM-interaction motif of Crumbs is essential for regulating endocytosis. Moreover, Moesin, which binds to the FERM-binding domain of Crumbs, is essential for efficient endocytosis. Thus, we describe here a new mechanism of nephrocyte development and function, which is likely to be conserved in mammalian podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hochapfel
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 3a, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lucia Denk
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Mendl
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Schulze
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 3a, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Maaßen
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yulia Zaytseva
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 3a, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Weide
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 3a, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Reinhard Rachel
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Witzgall
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael P Krahn
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 3a, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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15
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Satooka H, Nagakubo D, Sato T, Hirata T. The ERM Protein Moesin Regulates CD8 + Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis and Self-Tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3418-3426. [PMID: 28978692 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins are a family of membrane-associated proteins that link membrane proteins with actin filaments in the cell cortex and regulate many cellular processes, including cell shape determination, membrane transport, and signal transduction. Lymphocytes predominantly express two ERM members, ezrin and moesin. Mutations in the moesin gene in humans are associated with primary immunodeficiency with profound lymphopenia, and moesin-deficient mice exhibit a similar lymphopenia phenotype. In this study, we show that aging moesin-deficient mice develop a systemic lupus erythematosus-like autoimmune phenotype, which is characterized by elevated serum autoantibody levels and glomerulonephritis. Younger moesin-deficient mice exhibited elevated basal levels of several Ig isotypes and enhanced Ab affinity maturation upon immunization. Germinal center B cells and follicular helper T cells spontaneously accumulated in unimmunized mice, and CD8+CD44+CD122+Ly49+ regulatory T (CD8+ Tregs) cells, which inhibit the expansion of follicular helper T cells, were severely reduced in these mice. Isolated CD8+ Treg cells from moesin-deficient mice showed impaired proliferation in response to IL-15, which was accompanied by defects in STAT5 activation and IL-15Rα internalization, suggesting that moesin plays a key role in IL-15-mediated signaling. These findings underscore the importance of moesin in IL-15-dependent CD8+ Treg cell homeostasis and, thus, the control of self-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Satooka
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; and
| | - Daisuke Nagakubo
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; and
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; and.,Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takako Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; and
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16
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Rueda CM, Rodríguez-Perea AL, Moreno-Fernandez M, Jackson CM, Melchior JT, Davidson WS, Chougnet CA. High density lipoproteins selectively promote the survival of human regulatory T cells. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1514-1523. [PMID: 28377425 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
HDLs appear to affect regulatory T cell (Treg) homeostasis, as suggested by the increased Treg counts in HDL-treated mice and by the positive correlation between Treg frequency and HDL-cholesterol levels in statin-treated healthy adults. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we show that HDLs, not LDLs, significantly decreased the apoptosis of human Tregs in vitro, whereas they did not alter naïve or memory CD4+ T cell survival. Similarly, oleic acid bound to serum albumin increased Treg survival. Tregs bound and internalized high amounts of HDL compared with other subsets, which might arise from the higher expression of the scavenger receptor class B type I by Tregs; accordingly, blocking this receptor hindered HDL-mediated Treg survival. Mechanistically, we showed that HDL increased Treg ATP concentration and mitochondrial activity, enhancing basal respiration, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity. Blockade of FA oxidation by etoxomir abolished the HDL-mediated enhanced survival and mitochondrial activity. Our findings thus suggest that Tregs can specifically internalize HDLs from their microenvironment and use them as an energy source. Furthermore, a novel implication of our data is that enhanced Treg survival may contribute to HDLs' anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar M Rueda
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Maria Moreno-Fernandez
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Courtney M Jackson
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - John T Melchior
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Claire A Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
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17
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Ansa-Addo EA, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hussey GS, Howley BV, Salem M, Riesenberg B, Sun S, Rockey DC, Karvar S, Howe PH, Liu B, Li Z. Membrane-organizing protein moesin controls Treg differentiation and antitumor immunity via TGF-β signaling. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1321-1337. [PMID: 28287407 DOI: 10.1172/jci89281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Moesin is a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins that are important for organizing membrane domains and receptor signaling and regulating the migration of effector T cells. Whether moesin plays any role during the generation of TGF-β-induced Tregs (iTregs) is unknown. Here, we have discovered that moesin is translationally regulated by TGF-β and is also required for optimal TGF-β signaling that promotes efficient development of iTregs. Loss of moesin impaired the development and function of both peripherally derived iTregs and in vitro-induced Tregs. Mechanistically, we identified an interaction between moesin and TGF-β receptor II (TβRII) that allows moesin to control the surface abundance and stability of TβRI and TβRII. We also found that moesin is required for iTreg conversion in the tumor microenvironment, and the deletion of moesin from recipient mice supported the rapid expansion of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells against melanoma. Our study establishes moesin as an important regulator of the surface abundance and stability of TβRII and identifies moesin's role in facilitating the efficient generation of iTregs. It also provides an advancement to our understanding about the role of the ERM proteins in regulating signal transduction pathways and suggests that modulation of moesin is a potential therapeutic target for Treg-related immune disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microfilament Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Stability
- Protein Transport
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Tumor Escape
- Up-Regulation
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18
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Wu CJ, Lu CH, Chen LC, Nguyen DT, Huang YS, Lin HH, Lin CY, Kuo ML. CD4 down regulation and raft dissociation by the non-depleting YTS177 antibody hinder murine T helper cell activities. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:973-979. [PMID: 27045081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-depleting YTS177 anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) has been reported to lead to antigen-specific immunotolerance in allograft transplantation and autoimmune diabetes, as well as possibly to inhibition of allergic inflammation in mice. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying hyporesponsive T cell responses induced by YTS177 MoAb remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that the YTS177 MoAb increases the levels of anergy factors p27(kip1) and Cbl-b, inhibits IL-2 production, and impairs calcium mobilization in activated T cells in vitro. YTS177 MoAb suppresses OVA-driven proliferation of DO11.10 CD4(+) T cells in vivo as well. Mechanistically, YTS177 MoAb induces tolerance by causing CD4 down-regulation through clathrin-dependent and raft dissociation. The results obtained in this study lead us to propose novel protective or curative approaches to CD4 T cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chun-Hao Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Duc T Nguyen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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19
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Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling in Immune Cells and Inflammation: Roles and Therapeutic Potential. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8606878. [PMID: 26966342 PMCID: PMC4761394 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8606878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite involved in many critical cell processes. It is produced by the phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinases (SphKs) and exported out of cells via transporters such as spinster homolog 2 (Spns2). S1P regulates diverse physiological processes by binding to specific G protein-binding receptors, S1P receptors (S1PRs) 1-5, through a process coined as "inside-out signaling." The S1P concentration gradient between various tissues promotes S1PR1-dependent migration of T cells from secondary lymphoid organs into the lymphatic and blood circulation. S1P suppresses T cell egress from and promotes retention in inflamed peripheral tissues. S1PR1 in T and B cells as well as Spns2 in endothelial cells contributes to lymphocyte trafficking. FTY720 (Fingolimod) is a functional antagonist of S1PRs that induces systemic lymphopenia by suppression of lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs. In this review, we summarize previous findings and new discoveries about the importance of S1P and S1PR signaling in the recruitment of immune cells and lymphocyte retention in inflamed tissues. We also discuss the role of S1P-S1PR1 axis in inflammatory diseases and wound healing.
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20
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Reeves PM, Kang YL, Kirchhausen T. Endocytosis of Ligand-Activated Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Mediated by the Clathrin-Pathway. Traffic 2015; 17:40-52. [PMID: 26481905 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is one of five G protein-coupled receptors activated by the lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Stimulation of S1PR1 by binding S1P or the synthetic agonist FTY720P results in rapid desensitization, associated in part with depletion of receptor from the cell surface. We report here combining spinning disc confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry to show that rapid internalization of activated S1PR1 relies on a functional clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. Uptake of activated S1PR1 was strongly inhibited in cells disrupted in their clathrin-mediated endocytosis by depleting clathrin or AP-2 or by treating cells with dynasore-OH. The uptake of activated S1P1R was strongly inhibited in cells lacking both β-arrestin 1 and β-arrestin 2, indicating that activated S1PR1 follows the canonical route of endocytosis for G-protein coupled receptor's (GPCR)'s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Reeves
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuan-Lin Kang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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