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Jin Y, Liu Y, Zhu J, Liu H. Pillararenes: a new frontier in antimicrobial therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4202-4211. [PMID: 38727528 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00396a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Pillararenes have gained great interest among researchers in many fields due to their symmetric structure and facile functionalization. In this review, we summarize recent progress for pillararenes as antimicrobial agents, ranging from cationic pillararenes and peptide-modified pillararenes to sugar-functionalized pillararenes. Moreover, their structure-activity relationships are presented, and their mechanisms of action are discussed. As a state-of-the-art technology, their opportunities and outlook are also outlined in this emerging field. Overall, their potent inhibitory activity and high biocompatibility give them potential for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Jin
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, P. R. China.
| | - Yisu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, P. R. China.
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, North Sichuan Medical college, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, P. R. China.
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2
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Gallo-Rodriguez C, Rodriguez JB. Organoselenium Compounds in Medicinal Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400063. [PMID: 38778500 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The chemical and biological interest in this element and the molecules bearing selenium has been exponentially growing over the years. Selenium, formerly designated as a toxin, becomes a vital trace element for life that appears as selenocysteine and its dimeric form, selenocystine, in the active sites of selenoproteins, which catalyze a wide variety of reactions, including the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and modulation of redox activities. From the point of view of drug developments, organoselenium drugs are isosteres of sulfur-containing and oxygen-containing drugs with the advantage that the presence of the selenium atom confers antioxidant properties and high lipophilicity, which would increase cell membrane permeation leading to better oral bioavailability. This statement is the paramount relevance considering the big number of clinically employed compounds bearing sulfur or oxygen atoms in their structures including nucleosides and carbohydrates. Thus, in this article we have focused on the relevant features of the application of selenium in medicinal chemistry. With the increasing interest in selenium chemistry, we have attempted to highlight the most significant published data on this subject, mainly concentrating the analysis on the last years. In consequence, the recent advances of relevant pharmacological organoselenium compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Gallo-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan B Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), C1428EHA, Buenos, Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Azizullah, Noman M, Gao Y, Wang H, Xiong X, Wang J, Li D, Song F. The SUMOylation pathway regulates the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in watermelon through stabilizing the pH regulator FonPalC via SUMOylation. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127632. [PMID: 38310728 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a key post-translational modification, where small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins regulate crucial biological processes, including pathogenesis, in phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we investigated the function and mechanism of the SUMOylation pathway in the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), the fungal pathogen that causes watermelon Fusarium wilt. Disruption of key SUMOylation pathway genes, FonSMT3, FonAOS1, FonUBC9, and FonMMS21, significantly reduced pathogenicity, impaired penetration ability, and attenuated invasive growth capacity of Fon. Transcription and proteomic analyses identified a diverse set of SUMOylation-regulated differentially expressed genes and putative FonSMT3-targeted proteins, which are predicted to be involved in infection, DNA damage repair, programmed cell death, reproduction, growth, and development. Among 155 putative FonSMT3-targeted proteins, FonPalC, a Pal/Rim-pH signaling regulator, was confirmed to be SUMOylated. The FonPalC protein accumulation was significantly decreased in SUMOylation-deficient mutant ∆Fonsmt3. Deletion of FonPalC resulted in impaired mycelial growth, decreased pathogenicity, enhanced osmosensitivity, and increased intracellular vacuolation in Fon. Importantly, mutations in conserved SUMOylation sites of FonPalC failed to restore the defects in ∆Fonpalc mutant, indicating the critical function of the SUMOylation in FonPalC stability and Fon pathogenicity. Identifying key SUMOylation-regulated pathogenicity-related proteins provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Fon pathogenesis regulated by SUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizullah
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yizhou Gao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dayong Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fengming Song
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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4
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John E, Chau MQ, Hoang CV, Chandrasekharan N, Bhaskar C, Ma LS. Fungal Cell Wall-Associated Effectors: Sensing, Integration, Suppression, and Protection. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:196-210. [PMID: 37955547 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-23-0142-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall (CW) of plant-interacting fungi, as the direct interface with host plants, plays a crucial role in fungal development. A number of secreted proteins are directly associated with the fungal CW, either through covalent or non-covalent interactions, and serve a range of important functions. In the context of plant-fungal interactions many are important for fungal development in the host environment and may therefore be considered fungal CW-associated effectors (CWAEs). Key CWAE functions include integrating chemical/physical signals to direct hyphal growth, interfering with plant immunity, and providing protection against plant defenses. In recent years, a diverse range of mechanisms have been reported that underpin their roles, with some CWAEs harboring conserved motifs or functional domains, while others are reported to have novel features. As such, the current understanding regarding fungal CWAEs is systematically presented here from the perspective of their biological functions in plant-fungal interactions. An overview of the fungal CW architecture and the mechanisms by which proteins are secreted, modified, and incorporated into the CW is first presented to provide context for their biological roles. Some CWAE functions are reported across a broad range of pathosystems or symbiotic/mutualistic associations. Prominent are the chitin interacting-effectors that facilitate fungal CW modification, protection, or suppression of host immune responses. However, several alternative functions are now reported and are presented and discussed. CWAEs can play diverse roles, some possibly unique to fungal lineages and others conserved across a broad range of plant-interacting fungi. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan John
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Minh-Quang Chau
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cuong V Hoang
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | | | - Chibbhi Bhaskar
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Lay-Sun Ma
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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5
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Kurt-Kızıldoğan A, Otur Ç, Yıldırım K, Kavas M, Abanoz-Seçgin B. In-depth comparative transcriptome analysis of Purpureocillium sp. CB1 under cadmium stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12655-5. [PMID: 37436480 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Fungal bioremediation is a very attractive tool to cope with environmental pollution. We aimed to decipher the cadmium (Cd) response of Purpureocillium sp. CB1, isolated from polluted soil, at transcriptome level by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We used 500 and 2500 mg/L of Cd2+ concentrations at two time points (t6;36). RNA-seq determined 620 genes that were co-expressed in all samples. The highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was obtained within the first six h of exposure to 2500 mg/L of Cd2+. Several genes encoding transcriptional regulators, transporters, heat shock proteins, and oxidative stress-related genes were differentially expressed under Cd2+ stress. Remarkably, the genes that encode salicylate hydroxylase, which is involved in naphthalene biodegradation pathway, were significantly overexpressed. Utilization of diesel as the sole carbon source by CB1 even in the presence of Cd2+ supported concomitant upregulation of hydrocarbon degradation pathway genes. Furthermore, leucinostatin-related gene expression levels increased under Cd2+ stress. In addition, leucinostatin extracts from Cd2+-treated CB1 cultures showed higher antifungal activity than the control. Notably, Cd2+ in CB1 was mainly found as bound to the cell wall, thus confirming its adsorption potential. Cd2+ stress slightly reduced growth and led to mycelial malformation due to Cd2+ adsorption, especially at a concentration of 2500 mg/L at t36. A strong correlation was recorded between RNA-seq and reverse-transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data. In conclusion, the study represents the first transcriptome analysis of Purpureocillium sp. under Cd2+ stress, providing insights into the primary targets for rational engineering to construct strains with remarkable bioremediation potency. KEY POINTS: • Upregulation of genes encoding salicylate hydroxylases under Cd2+ stress • Maximum Cd2+ adsorption at 500 mg/L at t36 as tightly bound to the cell wall • Concordant bioremediation potential of CB1 on Cd2+ and diesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Kurt-Kızıldoğan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Çiğdem Otur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Musa Kavas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Büşra Abanoz-Seçgin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
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6
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Venugopalan LP, Aimanianda V, Namperumalsamy VP, Prajna L, Kuppamuthu D, Jayapal JM. Comparative proteome analysis identifies species-specific signature proteins in Aspergillus pathogens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12559-4. [PMID: 37166481 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus are important human pathogens that can infect the lung and cornea. During infection, Aspergillus dormant conidia are the primary morphotype that comes in contact with the host. As the conidial surface-associated proteins (CSPs) and the extracellular proteins during the early stages of growth play a crucial role in establishing infection, we profiled and compared these proteins between a clinical strain of A. flavus and a clinical strain of A. fumigatus. We identified nearly 100 CSPs in both Aspergillus, and these non-covalently associated surface proteins were able to stimulate the neutrophils to secrete interleukin IL-8. Mass spectrometry analysis identified more than 200 proteins in the extracellular space during the early stages of conidial growth and germination (early exoproteome). The conidial surface proteins and the early exoproteome of A. fumigatus were enriched with immunoreactive proteins and those with pathogenicity-related functions while that of the A. flavus were primarily enzymes involved in cell wall reorganization and binding. Comparative proteome analysis of the CSPs and the early exoproteome between A. flavus and A. fumigatus enabled the identification of a common core proteome and potential species-specific signature proteins. Transcript analysis of selected proteins indicate that the transcript-protein level correlation does not exist for all proteins and might depend on factors such as membrane-anchor signals and protein half-life. The probable signature proteins of A. flavus and A. fumigatus identified in this study can serve as potential candidates for developing species-specific diagnostic tests. KEY POINTS: • CSPs and exoproteins could differentiate A. flavus and A. fumigatus. • A. fumigatus conidial surface harbored more antigenic proteins than A. flavus. • Identified species-specific signature proteins of A. flavus and A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Prabha Venugopalan
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Anna Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Present address: Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Vishukumar Aimanianda
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
- Present address: Unité de recherche Mycologie Moléculaire, UMR2000, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Lalitha Prajna
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Anna Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dharmalingam Kuppamuthu
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Anna Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeya Maheshwari Jayapal
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Anna Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Duca M, Haksar D, van Neer J, Thies-Weesie DM, Martínez-Alarcón D, de Cock H, Varrot A, Pieters RJ. Multivalent Fucosides Targeting β-Propeller Lectins from Lung Pathogens with Promising Anti-Adhesive Properties. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3515-3526. [PMID: 36414265 PMCID: PMC9764287 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungal and bacterial pathogens causing lung infections often use lectins to mediate adhesion to glycoconjugates at the surface of host tissues. Given the rapid emergence of resistance to the treatments in current use, β-propeller lectins such as FleA from Aspergillus fumigatus, SapL1 from Scedosporium apiospermum, and BambL from Burkholderia ambifaria have become appealing targets for the design of anti-adhesive agents. In search of novel and cheap anti-infectious agents, we synthesized multivalent compounds that can display up to 20 units of fucose, the natural ligand. We obtained nanomolar inhibitors that are several orders of magnitude stronger than their monovalent analogue according to several biophysical techniques (i.e., fluorescence polarization, isothermal titration calorimetry, and bio-layer interferometry). The reason for high affinity might be attributed to a strong aggregating mechanism, which was examined by analytical ultracentrifugation. Notably, the fucosylated inhibitors reduced the adhesion of A. fumigatus spores to lung epithelial cells when administered 1 h before or after the infection of human lung epithelial cells. For this reason, we propose them as promising anti-adhesive drugs for the prevention and treatment of aspergillosis and related microbial lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Duca
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department
of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands,Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Diksha Haksar
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacq van Neer
- Department
of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique M.E. Thies-Weesie
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans de Cock
- Department
of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | | | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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8
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Cytokines help suggest aplastic anemia with pulmonary bacterial or co-fungal infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18373. [PMID: 36319826 PMCID: PMC9626605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although aplastic anemia (AA) does not come under the category of blood malignant diseases, the infection that frequently occurs in this bone marrow failure can make it worse. Pulmonary infection is the most prevalent but limiting clinical diagnosis. To find biomarkers predicting bacterial or bacterial-combined fungal infections in the lungs, we reviewed 287 AA medical records including 151 without any infection, 87 with pure pulmonary bacterial infection, and 49 with bacterial and fungal infection were reviewed. There were substantial changes in IL-17F, IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels between the non-infected and lung bacterial infection groups (P < 0.05). Further, a significant variation in IL-17A, TNF-β, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-22, and IL-12p70, between the uninfected group and the pulmonary bacterial and fungal infection group (P < 0.05) was observed. The results further revealed significant differences in TNF-β, IL-12p70, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 between the pulmonary bacterial infection group and the fungal infection group (P < 0.05). Moreover, by calculating ROC and cut-off values, we determined that IL-6 (AUC = 0.98, Cut-off = 14.28 pg/ml, P = 0.0000) had a significant advantage than other cytokines, body temperature (AUC = 0.61, P = 0.0050), PCT (AUC = 0.57, P = 0.0592), and CRP (AUC = 0.60, P = 0.0147) in the detection of lungs bacterial infections. In addition, IL-6 (AUC = 1.00, Cut-off = 51.50 pg/ml, P = 0.000) and IL-8 (AUC = 0.87, Cut-off = 60.53 pg/ml, P = 0.0000) showed stronger advantages than other cytokines, body temperature (AUC = 0.60, P = 0.0324), PCT (AUC = 0.72, Cut-off = 0.63 ng/ml, P = 0.0000) and CRP (AUC = 0.79, Cut-off = 5.79 mg/l, P = 0.0000) in distinguishing bacteria from fungi. This may suggest that IL-8 may play a role in differentiating co-infected bacteria and fungi. Such advantages are repeated in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and very severe aplastic anemia (VSAA).In conclusion, aberrant IL-6 elevations in AA patients may predict the likelihood of bacterial lung infection. The concurrent increase of IL-6 and IL-8, on the other hand, should signal bacterial and fungal infections in patients.These findings may help to suggest bacterial or fungal co-infection in patients with AA (Focus on VSAA and SAA).
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9
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Goyard D, Ortiz AMS, Boturyn D, Renaudet O. Multivalent glycocyclopeptides: conjugation methods and biological applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8756-8783. [PMID: 36193815 PMCID: PMC9575389 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry was extensively used to decorate synthetic multivalent scaffolds with glycans to mimic the cell surface glycocalyx and to develop applications in glycosciences. Conjugation methods such as oxime ligation, copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, thiol-ene coupling, squaramide coupling or Lansbury aspartylation proved particularly suitable to achieve this purpose. This review summarizes the synthetic strategies that can be used either in a stepwise manner or in an orthogonal one-pot approach, to conjugate multiple copies of identical or different glycans to cyclopeptide scaffolds (namely multivalent glycocyclopeptides) having different size, valency, geometry and molecular composition. The second part of this review will describe the potential of these structures to interact with various carbohydrate binding proteins or to stimulate immunity against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goyard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Didier Boturyn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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10
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Novel Treatment Approach for Aspergilloses by Targeting Germination. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080758. [PMID: 35893126 PMCID: PMC9331470 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Germination of conidia is an essential process within the Aspergillus life cycle and plays a major role during the infection of hosts. Conidia are able to avoid detection by the majority of leukocytes when dormant. Germination can cause severe health problems, specifically in immunocompromised people. Aspergillosis is most often caused by Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) and affects neutropenic patients, as well as people with cystic fibrosis (CF). These patients are often unable to effectively detect and clear the conidia or hyphae and can develop chronic non-invasive and/or invasive infections or allergic inflammatory responses. Current treatments with (tri)azoles can be very effective to combat a variety of fungal infections. However, resistance against current azoles has emerged and has been increasing since 1998. As a consequence, patients infected with resistant A. fumigatus have a reported mortality rate of 88% to 100%. Especially with the growing number of patients that harbor azole-resistant Aspergilli, novel antifungals could provide an alternative. Aspergilloses differ in defining characteristics, but germination of conidia is one of the few common denominators. By specifically targeting conidial germination with novel antifungals, early intervention might be possible. In this review, we propose several morphotypes to disrupt conidial germination, as well as potential targets. Hopefully, new antifungals against such targets could contribute to disturbing the ability of Aspergilli to germinate and grow, resulting in a decreased fungal burden on patients.
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11
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Lian X, Scott-Thomas A, Lewis JG, Bhatia M, MacPherson SA, Zeng Y, Chambers ST. Monoclonal Antibodies and Invasive Aspergillosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105563. [PMID: 35628374 PMCID: PMC9146623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening fungal disease that causes high morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of IA remain challenging. Given the broad range of non-specific clinical symptoms and the shortcomings of current diagnostic techniques, most patients are either diagnosed as “possible” or “probable” cases but not “proven”. Moreover, because of the lack of sensitive and specific tests, many high-risk patients receive an empirical therapy or a prolonged treatment of high-priced antifungal agents, leading to unnecessary adverse effects and a high risk of drug resistance. More precise diagnostic techniques alongside a targeted antifungal treatment are fundamental requirements for reducing the morbidity and mortality of IA. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high specificity in targeting the corresponding antigen(s) may have the potential to improve diagnostic tests and form the basis for novel IA treatments. This review summarizes the up-to-date application of mAb-based approaches in assisting IA diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihua Lian
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Clinical Medical School of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Amy Scott-Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
| | - John G. Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
- Steroid and Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Sean A. MacPherson
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
- Haematology Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine), The Second Clinical Medical School of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
| | - Stephen T. Chambers
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (X.L.); (A.S.-T.); (J.G.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3-364-0649
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12
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Shanina E, Kuhaudomlarp S, Lal K, Seeberger PH, Imberty A, Rademacher C. Allosterische, Wirkstoff‐zugängliche Bindestellen in β‐Propeller‐Lektinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shanina
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sakonwan Kuhaudomlarp
- University Grenoble Alpes CNRS CERMAV 38000 Grenoble Frankreich
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University 10400 Bangkok Thailand
- Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology Faculty of Science Mahidol University 10400 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Kanhaya Lal
- University Grenoble Alpes CNRS CERMAV 38000 Grenoble Frankreich
- Dipartimento di Chimica via Golgi 19 Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milano Italien
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Anne Imberty
- University Grenoble Alpes CNRS CERMAV 38000 Grenoble Frankreich
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Vienna Althanstraße 14 1080 Wien Österreich
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics Max F. Perutz Labs Campus Vienna Biocenter 5 1030 Wien Österreich
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13
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Shanina E, Kuhaudomlarp S, Lal K, Seeberger PH, Imberty A, Rademacher C. Druggable Allosteric Sites in β-Propeller Lectins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202109339. [PMID: 34713573 PMCID: PMC9298952 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate‐binding proteins (lectins) are auspicious targets in drug discovery to combat antimicrobial resistance; however, their non‐carbohydrate drug‐like inhibitors are still unavailable. Here, we present a druggable pocket in a β‐propeller lectin BambL from Burkholderia ambifaria as a potential target for allosteric inhibitors. This site was identified employing 19F NMR fragment screening and a computational pocket prediction algorithm SiteMap. The structure–activity relationship study revealed the most promising fragment with a dissociation constant of 0.3±0.1 mM and a ligand efficiency of 0.3 kcal mol−1 HA−1 that affected the orthosteric site. This effect was substantiated by site‐directed mutagenesis in the orthosteric and secondary pockets. Future drug‐discovery campaigns that aim to develop small molecule inhibitors can benefit from allosteric sites in lectins as a new therapeutic approach against antibiotic‐resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shanina
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sakonwan Kuhaudomlarp
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanhaya Lal
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Dipartimento di Chimica via Golgi 19, Universita" degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Imberty
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1080, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Bertok T, Bertokova A, Jane E, Hires M, Aguedo J, Potocarova M, Lukac L, Vikartovska A, Kasak P, Borsig L, Tkac J. Identification of Whole-Serum Glycobiomarkers for Colorectal Carcinoma Using Reverse-Phase Lectin Microarray. Front Oncol 2021; 11:735338. [PMID: 34956866 PMCID: PMC8695905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.735338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer among men and women worldwide. Efforts are currently underway to find novel and more cancer-specific biomarkers that could be detected in a non-invasive way. The analysis of aberrant glycosylation of serum glycoproteins is a way to discover novel diagnostic and prognostic CRC biomarkers. The present study investigated a whole-serum glycome with a panel of 16 different lectins in search for age-independent and CRC-specific glycomarkers using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses and glycan heat matrices. Glycosylation changes present in the whole serum were identified, which could lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers for CRC diagnostics. In particular, the change in the bisecting glycans (recognized by Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin) had the highest discrimination potential for CRC diagnostics in combination with human L selectin providing area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.989 (95% CI 0.950-1.000), specificity of 1.000, sensitivity of 0.900, and accuracy of 0.960. We also implemented novel tools for identification of lectins with strong discrimination power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aniko Bertokova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juvissan Aguedo
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Ludovit Lukac
- University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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15
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Heavy Atom Detergent/Lipid Combined X-ray Crystallography for Elucidating the Structure-Function Relationships of Membrane Proteins. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110823. [PMID: 34832053 PMCID: PMC8625833 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins reside in the lipid bilayer of biomembranes and the structure and function of these proteins are closely related to their interactions with lipid molecules. Structural analyses of interactions between membrane proteins and lipids or detergents that constitute biological or artificial model membranes are important for understanding the functions and physicochemical properties of membrane proteins and biomembranes. Determination of membrane protein structures is much more difficult when compared with that of soluble proteins, but the development of various new technologies has accelerated the elucidation of the structure-function relationship of membrane proteins. This review summarizes the development of heavy atom derivative detergents and lipids that can be used for structural analysis of membrane proteins and their interactions with detergents/lipids, including their application with X-ray free-electron laser crystallography.
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16
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Peng YJ, Ding JL, Lin HY, Feng MG, Ying SH. A virulence-related lectin traffics into eisosome and contributes to functionality of cytomembrane and cell-wall in the insect-pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:914-922. [PMID: 34649678 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are characterized of the carbohydrate-binding ability and play comprehensive roles in fungal physiology (e.g., defense response, development and host-pathogen interaction). Beauveria bassiana, a filamentous entomopathogenic fungus, has a lectin-like protein containing a Fruit Body_domain (BbLec1). BbLec1 could bind to chitobiose and chitin in fungal cell wall. BbLec1 proteins interacted with each other to form multimers, and translocated into eisosomes. Further, the interdependence between BbLec1 and the eisosome protein PliA was essential for stabilizing the eisosome architecture. To test the BbLec1 roles in B. bassiana, we constructed the gene disruption and complementation mutants. Notably, the BbLec1 loss resulted in the impaired cell wall in mycelia and conidia as well as conidial formation capacity. In addition, disruption of BbLec1 led to the reduced cytomembrane integrity and the enhanced sensitivity to osmotic stress. Finally, ΔBbLec1 mutant strain displayed the weakened virulence when compared with the wild-type strain. Taken together, BbLec1 traffics into eisosome and links the functionality of eisosome to development and virulence of B. bassiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Jin Peng
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin-Li Ding
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hai-Yan Lin
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming-Guang Feng
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Ying
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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17
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Pitangui NDS, Fernandes FF, Gonçales RA, Roque-Barreira MC. Virulence Vs. Immunomodulation: Roles of the Paracoccin Chitinase and Carbohydrate-Binding Sites in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:700797. [PMID: 34532342 PMCID: PMC8438136 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.700797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccin (PCN) is a bifunctional protein primarily present in the cell wall of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a human pathogenic dimorphic fungus. PCN has one chitinase region and four potential lectin sites and acts as both a fungal virulence factor and an immunomodulator of the host response. The PCN activity on fungal virulence, mediated by the chitinase site, was discovered by infecting mice with yeast overexpressing PCN (PCN-ov). PCN-ov are characterized by increased chitin hydrolysis, a narrow cell wall, and augmented resistance to phagocytes' fungicidal activity. Compared to wild-type (wt) yeast, infection with PCN-ov yeast causes a more severe disease, which is attributed to the increased PCN chitinase activity. In turn, immunomodulation of the host response was demonstrated by injecting, subcutaneously, recombinant PCN in mice infected with wt-P. brasiliensis. Through its carbohydrate binding site, the injected recombinant PCN interacts with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) N-glycans on macrophages, triggers M1 polarization, and stimulates protective Th1 immunity against the fungus. The PCN-treatment of wt yeast-infected mice results in mild paracoccidioidomycosis. Therefore, PCN paradoxically influences the course of murine paracoccidioidomycosis. The disease is severe when caused by yeast that overexpress endogenous PCN, which exerts a robust local chitinase activity, followed by architectural changes of the cell wall and release of low size chito-oligomers. However, the disease is mild when exogenous PCN is injected, which recognizes N-glycans on systemic macrophages resulting in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayla de Souza Pitangui
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freitas Fernandes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Relber Aguiar Gonçales
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Arastehfar A, Carvalho A, Houbraken J, Lombardi L, Garcia-Rubio R, Jenks J, Rivero-Menendez O, Aljohani R, Jacobsen I, Berman J, Osherov N, Hedayati M, Ilkit M, Armstrong-James D, Gabaldón T, Meletiadis J, Kostrzewa M, Pan W, Lass-Flörl C, Perlin D, Hoenigl M. Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis: From basics to clinics. Stud Mycol 2021; 100:100115. [PMID: 34035866 PMCID: PMC8131930 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus poses a serious health threat to humans by causing numerous invasive infections and a notable mortality in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients. Mould-active azoles are the frontline therapeutics employed to treat aspergillosis. The global emergence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates in clinic and environment, however, notoriously limits the therapeutic options of mould-active antifungals and potentially can be attributed to a mortality rate reaching up to 100 %. Although specific mutations in CYP 51A are the main cause of azole resistance, there is a new wave of azole-resistant isolates with wild-type CYP 51A genotype challenging the efficacy of the current diagnostic tools. Therefore, applications of whole-genome sequencing are increasingly gaining popularity to overcome such challenges. Prominent echinocandin tolerance, as well as liver and kidney toxicity posed by amphotericin B, necessitate a continuous quest for novel antifungal drugs to combat emerging azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. Animal models and the tools used for genetic engineering require further refinement to facilitate a better understanding about the resistance mechanisms, virulence, and immune reactions orchestrated against A. fumigatus. This review paper comprehensively discusses the current clinical challenges caused by A. fumigatus and provides insights on how to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Arastehfar
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - A. Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L. Lombardi
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R. Garcia-Rubio
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - J.D. Jenks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- Clinical and Translational Fungal-Working Group, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - O. Rivero-Menendez
- Medical Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28222, Spain
| | - R. Aljohani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I.D. Jacobsen
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - J. Berman
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - N. Osherov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - M.T. Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center/Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M. Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - T. Gabaldón
- Life Sciences Programme, Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Jordi Girona, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Meletiadis
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - W. Pan
- Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - C. Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D.S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - M. Hoenigl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Morelli KA, Kerkaert JD, Cramer RA. Aspergillus fumigatus biofilms: Toward understanding how growth as a multicellular network increases antifungal resistance and disease progression. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009794. [PMID: 34437655 PMCID: PMC8389518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic, filamentous fungus found in soils and compost and the causative agent of several pulmonary diseases in humans, birds, and other mammals. A. fumigatus and other filamentous fungi grow as networks of filamentous hyphae that have characteristics of a classic microbial biofilm. These characteristics include production of an extracellular matrix (ECM), surface adhesion, multicellularity, and increased antimicrobial drug resistance. A. fumigatus biofilm growth occurs in vivo at sites of infection, highlighting the importance of defining mechanisms underlying biofilm development and associated emergent properties. We propose that there are 3 distinct phases in the development of A. fumigatus biofilms: biofilm initiation, immature biofilm, and mature biofilm. These stages are defined both temporally and by unique genetic and structural changes over the course of development. Here, we review known mechanisms within each of these stages that contribute to biofilm structure, ECM production, and increased resistance to contemporary antifungal drugs. We highlight gaps in our understanding of biofilm development and function that when addressed are expected to aid in the development of novel antifungal therapies capable of killing filamentous fungal biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaesi A. Morelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Kerkaert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Biochemical and structural studies of target lectin SapL1 from the emerging opportunistic microfungus Scedosporium apiospermum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16109. [PMID: 34373510 PMCID: PMC8352872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scedosporium apiospermum is an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for life-threatening infections in humans. Host-pathogen interactions often implicate lectins that have become therapeutic targets for the development of carbohydrate mimics for antiadhesive therapy. Here, we present the first report on the identification and characterization of a lectin from S. apiospermum named SapL1. SapL1 was found using bioinformatics as a homolog to the conidial surface lectin FleA from Aspergillus fumigatus known to play a role in the adhesion to host glycoconjugates present in human lung epithelium. In our strategy to obtain recombinant SapL1, we discovered the importance of osmolytes to achieve its expression in soluble form in bacteria. Analysis of glycan arrays indicates specificity for fucosylated oligosaccharides as expected. Submicromolar affinity was measured for fucose using isothermal titration calorimetry. We solved SapL1 crystal structure in complex with α-methyl-L-fucoside and analyzed its structural basis for fucose binding. We finally demonstrated that SapL1 binds to bronchial epithelial cells in a fucose-dependent manner. The information gathered here will contribute to the design and development of glycodrugs targeting SapL1.
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21
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Lebreton A, Bonnardel F, Dai YC, Imberty A, Martin FM, Lisacek F. A Comprehensive Phylogenetic and Bioinformatics Survey of Lectins in the Fungal Kingdom. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:453. [PMID: 34200153 PMCID: PMC8227253 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal lectins are a large family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with no enzymatic activity. They play fundamental biological roles in the interactions of fungi with their environment and are found in many different species across the fungal kingdom. In particular, their contribution to defense against feeders has been emphasized, and when secreted, lectins may be involved in the recognition of bacteria, fungal competitors and specific host plants. Carbohydrate specificities and quaternary structures vary widely, but evidence for an evolutionary relationship within the different classes of fungal lectins is supported by a high degree of amino acid sequence identity. The UniLectin3D database contains 194 fungal lectin 3D structures, of which 129 are characterized with a carbohydrate ligand. Using the UniLectin3D lectin classification system, 109 lectin sequence motifs were defined to screen 1223 species deposited in the genomic portal MycoCosm of the Joint Genome Institute. The resulting 33,485 putative lectin sequences are organized in MycoLec, a publicly available and searchable database. These results shed light on the evolution of the lectin gene families in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Lebreton
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (A.L.); (Y.-C.D.)
| | - François Bonnardel
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France;
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland
- Computer Science Department, UniGe, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Cheng Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (A.L.); (Y.-C.D.)
| | - Anne Imberty
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Francis M. Martin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (A.L.); (Y.-C.D.)
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Laboratoire d’Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRAE GrandEst-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Frédérique Lisacek
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland
- Computer Science Department, UniGe, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland
- Section of Biology, UniGe, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Dussouy C, Lalys PA, Cabanettes A, Lehot V, Deniaud D, Gillon E, Balloy V, Varrot A, Gouin SG. Hexavalent thiofucosides to probe the role of the Aspergillus fumigatus lectin FleA in fungal pathogenicity. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3234-3240. [PMID: 33885578 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a pathogenic fungus infecting the respiratory system and responsible for a variety of life-threatening lung diseases. A fucose-binding lectin named FleA which has a controversial role in A. fumigatus pathogenesis was recently identified. New chemical probes with high affinity and enzymatic stability are needed to explore the role of FleA in the infection process. In this study, we developed potent FleA antagonists based on optimized and non-hydrolysable thiofucoside ligands. We first synthesized a set of monovalent sugars showing micromolar affinity for FleA by isothermal titration calorimetry. The most potent derivative was co-crystallized with FleA to gain insights into the binding mode in operation. Its chemical multimerization on a cyclodextrin scaffold led to an hexavalent compound with a significantly enhanced binding affinity (Kd = 223 ± 21 nM) thanks to a chelate binding mode. The compound could probe the role of bronchial epithelial cells in a FleA-mediated response to tissue invasion.
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23
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Houser J, Kosourova J, Kubickova M, Wimmerova M. Development of 48-condition buffer screen for protein stability assessment. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2021; 50:461-471. [PMID: 33554291 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The determination of a suitable buffer environment for a protein of interest is not an easy task. The requirements of advanced techniques, the demands on the biological material and the researcher time needed for buffer optimization, as well as personal inflexibility, lead frequently to the use of sub-optimal buffers. Here, we demonstrate the design of a 48-condition buffer screen that can be used to determine an appropriate environment for downstream studies. By the combination of several techniques (differential scanning fluorimetry, dynamic light scattering, and bio-layer interferometry), we are able to assess the protein stability, homogeneity and binding activity across the screen with less than half a milligram of protein in 1 day. The application of this screen helps to avoid unsuitable conditions, to explain problems observed upon protein analysis and to choose the most suitable buffers for further research. The screen can be routinely used as a primary screen for buffer optimization in labs and facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Houser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Kosourova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kubickova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Wimmerova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Mylemans B, Voet AR, Tame JR. The Taming of the Screw: the natural and artificial development of β-propeller proteins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 68:48-54. [PMID: 33373773 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins are found to possess repeated structural elements, which hint at ancient evolutionary origins and ongoing evolutionary processes. β-propeller proteins are a large family of such proteins, and a popular focus of structural analysis. This review highlights recent work to understand how they arose, and how they have developed into one of the most successful of all protein folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Mylemans
- Laboraotry for biomolecular modelling and design, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout Rd Voet
- Protein Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Suehiro 1-7-29, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jeremy Rh Tame
- Protein Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Suehiro 1-7-29, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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25
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Bertok T, Jane E, Chrenekova N, Hroncekova S, Bertokova A, Hires M, Vikartovska A, Kubanikova P, Sokol R, Fillo J, Kasak P, Borsig L, Tkac J. Analysis of serum glycome by lectin microarrays for prostate cancer patients - a search for aberrant glycoforms. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:703-711. [PMID: 33119808 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This is the first work focused on glycoprofiling of whole N- and O- glycome using lectins in an array format applied for analysis of serum samples from healthy individuals, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Lectin microarray was prepared using traditional lectins with the incorporation of 2 recombinant bacterial lectins and 3 human lectins (17 lectins in total). Clinical validation of glycans as biomarkers was done in two studies: discrimination of healthy individuals with BPH patients vs. PCa patients (C vs. PCa) and discrimination of healthy individuals vs. BPH and PCa patients (H vs. PCond). Single lectins (17 lectins) and a combination of two lectins (136 binary lectin combinations) were applied in the clinical validation of glycan biomarkers providing 153 AUC values from ROC curves for both studies (C vs. PCa and H vs. PCond). Potential N- and O-glycans as biomarkers were identified and possible carriers of these glycans are shortly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia.,Glycanostics, Ltd, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Chrenekova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Stefania Hroncekova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Aniko Bertokova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Petra Kubanikova
- Private Urological Ambulance, Piaristicka 6, 911 01, Trencin, Slovakia
| | - Roman Sokol
- Private Urological Ambulance, Piaristicka 6, 911 01, Trencin, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Fillo
- University Hospital Bratislava, Mickiewiczova 13, 81107, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia. .,Glycanostics, Ltd, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia.
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26
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Jagadeesh N, Belur S, Chachadi VB, Roy S, Inamdar SR. Aspergillus niger lectin elicits MyD88 dependent proliferation and apoptosis at lower and higher doses in immortalized human corneal epithelial cells leading to pathogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2089-2095. [PMID: 33045300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An L-fucose lectin, ANL from the corneal smears of a mycotic keratitis patient was reported earlier. Interaction of ANL with immortalized Human Corneal Epithelial Cells (HCECs) was studied in order to assign the role of ANL in pathogenesis. ANL showed strong binding to HCECs which could be blocked by L-fucose and mucin. At concentrations below 0.6 μg/mL ANL showed proliferative effect and highest at 0.07 μg/mL leading to expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. ANL induced proinflammatory response is mediated by TLR-2,-4, MyD88, NFkB and C-Jun dependent signaling. In contrast, ANL at concentrations above 0.6 μg/mL showed growth inhibitory effect at 48 h with an IC50 of 2.75 μg/mL. Western blot analysis revealed that HCECs treated with ANL at lower concentration induced the expression of proinflammatory signaling proteins TLR-2, 4, MyD88, NFkB and C-Jun which maintain high cell proliferating state. At higher concentration ANL induced apoptotic effect in HCECs with an increase in early apoptotic population as demonstrated by Annexin V-PI assay. ANL induced the expression of apoptotic proteins FADD, Caspase 8 and -3 mediated by MyD88. These findings demonstrate implication of ANL in pathogenesis and the findings are of clinical significance in developing strategy for controlling the infection leading to mycotic keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivakumar Belur
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
| | | | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashikala R Inamdar
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
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27
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Rubén LC, Laura MR, Almudena FB, Emilio GM. Glycan array analysis of Pholiota squarrosa lectin and other fucose-oriented lectins. Glycobiology 2020; 31:459-476. [PMID: 33021632 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The α(1,6)fucose residue attached to the N-glycoprotein core is suspected to play an essential role in the progression of several types of cancer. Lectins remain the first choice for probing glycan modifications, although they may lack specificity. Thus, efforts have been made to identify new lectins with a narrower core fucose (CF) detection profile. Here, we present a comparison of the classical Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and Aspergillus oryzae lectin (AOL) with the newer Pholiota squarrosa lectin (PhoSL), which has been described as being specific for core fucosylated N-glycans. To this end, we studied the binding profiles of the four lectins using mammalian glycan arrays from the Consortium of Functional Glycomics. To validate their glycan specificity, we probed AOL, LCA and PhoSL in western-blot assays using protein extracts from eight common colorectal cancer (CRC) lines and colorectal biopsies from a small cohort of patients with CRC. The results showed that (i) LCA and PhoSL were the most specific lectins for detecting the presence of CF in a concentration-dependent manner; (ii) PhoSL exhibited the highest N-glycan sequence restriction, with preferential binding to core fucosylated paucimannosidic-type N-glycans, (iii) the recognition ability of PhoSL was highly influenced by the presence of terminal N-acetyl-lactosamine; (iv) LCA bound to paucimannosidic, bi-antennary and tri-antennary core fucosylated N-glycans and (v) AOL and AAL exhibited broader specificity towards fucosylation. Together, our results support the choice of LCA as the most appropriate lectin for CF detection, as validated in protein extracts from CRC cell lines and tissue specimens from patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- López-Cortés Rubén
- Doctoral Program in Methods and Applications in Life Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Pontevedra, Galicia ES36310, Spain
| | - Muinelo-Romay Laura
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CIBERONC, Travesía da Choupana, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Galicia ES15706, Spain
| | - Fernández-Briera Almudena
- Molecular Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Pontevedra, Galicia ES36310, Spain
| | - Gil Martín Emilio
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo. Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Pontevedra, Galicia ES36310, Spain
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28
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Houser J, Kozmon S, Mishra D, Hammerová Z, Wimmerová M, Koča J. The CH-π Interaction in Protein-Carbohydrate Binding: Bioinformatics and In Vitro Quantification. Chemistry 2020; 26:10769-10780. [PMID: 32208534 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular recognition of carbohydrates by proteins plays a key role in many biological processes including immune response, pathogen entry into a cell, and cell-cell adhesion (e.g., in cancer metastasis). Carbohydrates interact with proteins mainly through hydrogen bonding, metal-ion-mediated interaction, and non-polar dispersion interactions. The role of dispersion-driven CH-π interactions (stacking) in protein-carbohydrate recognition has been underestimated for a long time considering the polar interactions to be the main forces for saccharide interactions. However, over the last few years it turns out that non-polar interactions are equally important. In this study, we analyzed the CH-π interactions employing bioinformatics (data mining, structural analysis), several experimental (isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), X-ray crystallography), and computational techniques. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) has been used as a source of structural data. The PDB contains over 12 000 protein complexes with carbohydrates. Stacking interactions are very frequently present in such complexes (about 39 % of identified structures). The calculations and the ITC measurement results suggest that the CH-π stacking contribution to the overall binding energy ranges from 4 up to 8 kcal mol-1 . All the results show that the stacking CH-π interactions in protein-carbohydrate complexes can be considered to be a driving force of the binding in such complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Houser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kozmon
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Deepti Mishra
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hammerová
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Wimmerová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Koča
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
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29
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Ramírez-Tejero JA, Cabanás CGL, Valverde-Corredor A, Mercado-Blanco J, Luque F. Epigenetic Regulation of Verticillium dahliae Virulence: Does DNA Methylation Level Play A Role? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155197. [PMID: 32707958 PMCID: PMC7432615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is the etiological agent of Verticillium wilt of olive. The virulence of Defoliating V. dahliae isolates usually displays differences and high plasticity. This work studied whether an epigenetic mechanism was involved in this plasticity. An inverse correlation between virulence and DNA methylation of protein-coding genes was found. A set of 831 genes was selected for their highly consistent inverse methylation profile and virulence in the five studied isolates. Of these genes, ATP-synthesis was highly represented, which indicates that the more virulent D isolates are, the more energy requirements they may have. Furthermore, there were numerous genes in the protein biosynthesis process: genes coding for the chromatin structure, which suggests that epigenetic changes may also affect chromatin condensation; many transmembrane transporter genes, which is consistent with denser compounds, traffic through membranes in more virulent isolates; a fucose-specific lectin that may play a role in the attachment to plant cell walls during the host infection process; and pathogenic cutinases that facilitate plant invasion and sporulation genes for rapid spreading alongside plants. Our findings support the notion that differences in the virulence of the Defoliating V. dahliae isolates may be controlled, at least to some extent, by an epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Ramírez-Tejero
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Department of Experimental Biology, Univ. Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Apartado, Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.M.-B.)
| | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Apartado, Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.M.-B.)
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Apartado, Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.M.-B.)
| | - Francisco Luque
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Department of Experimental Biology, Univ. Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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30
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Liu M, Cheng X, Wang J, Tian D, Tang K, Xu T, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wang M. Structural insights into the fungi-nematodes interaction mediated by fucose-specific lectin AofleA from Arthrobotrys oligospora. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:783-793. [PMID: 32698064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungal lectin can bind specific carbohydrate structures of the host and work in recognition and adhesion or as a toxic factor. AofleA, as a fucose-specific lectin from widely studied nematode predatory fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora, possibly plays a key role in the event of capturing nematodes, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of AofleA, which exists as a homodimer with each subunit folds as a six-bladed β-propeller. Our structural and biological results revealed that three of the six putative binding sites of AofleA had fucose-binding abilities. In addition, we found that AofleA could bind to the pharynx and intestine of the nematode in a fucose-binding-dependent manner. Our results facilitate the understanding of the mechanism that fucose-specific lectin mediates fungi-nematodes interaction, and provide structural information for the development of potential applications of AofleA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowen Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Junchao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Dongrui Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Kaijing Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Xu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
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31
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Fujdiarová E, Houser J, Dobeš P, Paulíková G, Kondakov N, Kononov L, Hyršl P, Wimmerová M. Heptabladed β‐propeller lectins PLL2 and PHL from
Photorhabdus
spp. recognize
O
‐methylated sugars and influence the host immune system. FEBS J 2020; 288:1343-1365. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fujdiarová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houser
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dobeš
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
- Section of Animal Physiology and Immunology Department of Experimental Biology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Gita Paulíková
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Nikolay Kondakov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Leonid Kononov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Pavel Hyršl
- Section of Animal Physiology and Immunology Department of Experimental Biology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Wimmerová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
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32
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Abstract
Fungal infections with increasing resistance to conventional therapies are a growing concern. Candida albicans is a major opportunistic yeast responsible for mucosal and invasive infections. Targeting the initial step of the infection process (i.e., C. albicans adhesion to the host cell) is a promising strategy. A wide variety of molecules can interfere with adhesion processes via an assortment of mechanisms. Herein, we focus on how small molecules disrupt biosynthesis of fungal cell wall components and membrane structure, prevent the localization of GPI-anchor proteins, inhibit production of enzymes involved in adhesion, downregulate genes encoding adhesins and competitively inhibit receptor interactions. As a result, adhesion of C. albicans to host cells is reduced, paving the way to new classes of antifungal agents.
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33
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Sýkorová P, Novotná J, Demo G, Pompidor G, Dubská E, Komárek J, Fujdiarová E, Houser J, Hároníková L, Varrot A, Shilova N, Imberty A, Bovin N, Pokorná M, Wimmerová M. Characterization of novel lectins from Burkholderia pseudomallei and Chromobacterium violaceum with seven-bladed β-propeller fold. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:1113-1124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Bigot J, Guillot L, Guitard J, Ruffin M, Corvol H, Balloy V, Hennequin C. Bronchial Epithelial Cells on the Front Line to Fight Lung Infection-Causing Aspergillus fumigatus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1041. [PMID: 32528481 PMCID: PMC7257779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental filamentous fungus that can be pathogenic for humans, wherein it is responsible for a large variety of clinical forms ranging from allergic diseases to life-threatening disseminated infections. The contamination occurs by inhalation of conidia present in the air, and the first encounter of this fungus in the human host is most likely with the bronchial epithelial cells. Although alveolar macrophages have been widely studied in the Aspergillus–lung interaction, increasing evidence suggests that bronchial epithelium plays a key role in responding to the fungus. This review focuses on the innate immune response of the bronchial epithelial cells against A. fumigatus, the predominant pathogenic species. We have also detailed the molecular interactants and the effects of the different modes of interaction between these cells and the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Guitard
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Viviane Balloy
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Hennequin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
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35
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Farrera-Soler L, Daguer JP, Raunft P, Barluenga S, Imberty A, Winssinger N. PNA-Based Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries (PDCL) and screening of lectins. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115458. [PMID: 32241620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Selections from dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCL) benefit from the dynamic nature of the library that can change constitution upon addition of a selection pressure, such as ligands binding to a protein. This technology has been predominantly used with small molecules interacting with each other through reversible covalent interaction. However, application of this technology in biomedical research and drug discovery has been limited by the reversibility of covalent exchange and the analytical deconvolution of small molecule fragments. Here we report a supramolecular approach based on the use of a constant short PNA tag to direct the combinatorial pairing of fragment. This PNA tag yields fast exchange kinetics, while still delivering the benefits of cooperativity, and provides favourable properties for analytical deconvolution by MALDI. A selection from >6,000 assemblies of glycans (mono-, di-, tri-saccharides) targeting AFL, a lectin from pathogenic fungus, yielded a 95 nM assembly, nearly three orders of magnitude better in affinity than the corresponding glycan alone (41 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluc Farrera-Soler
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Daguer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Raunft
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Barluenga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Notova S, Bonnardel F, Lisacek F, Varrot A, Imberty A. Structure and engineering of tandem repeat lectins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 62:39-47. [PMID: 31841833 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Through their ability to bind complex glycoconjugates, lectins have unique specificity and potential for biomedical and biotechnological applications. In particular, lectins with short repeated peptides forming carbohydrate-binding domains are not only of high interest for understanding protein evolution but can also be used as scaffold for engineering novel receptors. Synthetic glycobiology now provides the tools for engineering the specificity of lectins as well as their structure, multivalency and topologies. This review focuses on the structure and diversity of two families of tandem-repeat lectins, that is, β-trefoils and β-propellers, demonstrated as the most promising scaffold for engineering novel lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Notova
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - François Bonnardel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland; Computer Science Department, UniGe, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédérique Lisacek
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland; Computer Science Department, UniGe, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland; Section of Biology, UniGe, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Imberty
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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37
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Faltinek L, Fujdiarová E, Melicher F, Houser J, Kašáková M, Kondakov N, Kononov L, Parkan K, Vidal S, Wimmerová M. Lectin PLL3, a Novel Monomeric Member of the Seven-Bladed β-Propeller Lectin Family. Molecules 2019; 24:E4540. [PMID: 31835851 PMCID: PMC6943638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Photorhabdus species is a Gram-negative bacteria of the family Morganellaceae that is known for its mutualistic relationship with Heterorhabditis nematodes and pathogenicity toward insects. This study is focused on the characterization of the recombinant lectin PLL3 with an origin in P. laumondii subsp. laumondii. PLL3 belongs to the PLL family of lectins with a seven-bladed β-propeller fold. The binding properties of PLL3 were tested by hemagglutination assay, glycan array, isothermal titration calorimetry, and surface plasmon resonance, and its structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Obtained data revealed that PLL3 binds similar carbohydrates to those that the other PLL family members bind, with some differences in the binding properties. PLL3 exhibited the highest affinity toward l-fucose and its derivatives but was also able to interact with O-methylated glycans and other ligands. Unlike the other members of this family, PLL3 was discovered to be a monomer, which might correspond to a weaker avidity effect compared to homologous lectins. Based on the similarity to the related lectins and their proposed biological function, PLL3 might accompany them during the interaction of P. laumondii with both the nematode partner and the insect host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Faltinek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Eva Fujdiarová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.F.); (F.M.); (J.H.)
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Melicher
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.F.); (F.M.); (J.H.)
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.F.); (F.M.); (J.H.)
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kašáková
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCTP), Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Nikolay Kondakov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119 415, Russia; (N.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Leonid Kononov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119 415, Russia; (N.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Kamil Parkan
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCTP), Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, CO2-Glyco, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 6922 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Michaela Wimmerová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.F.); (F.M.); (J.H.)
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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Rawlings SA, Heldt S, Prattes J, Eigl S, Jenks JD, Flick H, Rabensteiner J, Prüller F, Wölfler A, Neumeister P, Strohmaier H, Krause R, Hoenigl M. Using Interleukin 6 and 8 in Blood and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid to Predict Survival in Hematological Malignancy Patients With Suspected Pulmonary Mold Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1798. [PMID: 31428097 PMCID: PMC6687868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Molds and other pathogens induce elevated levels of several cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as fungal biomarkers in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) for overall survival in patients with underlying hematological malignancies and suspected mold infection. Methods: This cohort study included 106 prospectively enrolled adult cases undergoing bronchoscopy. Blood samples were collected within 24 h of BAL sampling and, in a subset of 62 patients, serial blood samples were collected up until 4 days after bronchoscopy. IL-6, IL-8, and other cytokines as well as galactomannan (GM) and β-D-glucan (BDG) were assayed in blood and BAL fluid and associations with overall mortality were assessed at the end of the study using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Both blood IL-8 (AUC 0.731) and blood IL-6 (AUC 0.699) as well as BAL IL-6 (AUC 0.763) and BAL IL-8 (AUC 0.700) levels at the time of bronchoscopy were predictors of 30-day all-cause mortality. Increasing blood IL-6 levels between bronchoscopy and day four after bronchoscopy were significantly associated with higher 90-day mortality, with similar findings for increasing IL-8 levels. In ROC analysis the difference of blood IL-8 levels between 4 days after bronchoscopy and the day of bronchoscopy had an AUC of 0.829 (95%CI 0.71-0.95; p < 0.001) for predicting 90-day mortality. Conclusions: Elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in blood or BAL fluid at the time of bronchoscopy, and rising levels in blood 4 days following bronchoscopy were predictive of mortality in these patients with underlying hematological malignancy who underwent bronchoscopy for suspected mold infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Rawlings
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sven Heldt
- Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Juergen Prattes
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Eigl
- Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jeffrey D Jenks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Holger Flick
- Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jasmin Rabensteiner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Prüller
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Albert Wölfler
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Neumeister
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Strohmaier
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Krause
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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39
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An L-fucose specific lectin from Aspergillus niger isolated from mycotic keratitis patient and its interaction with human pancreatic adenocarcinoma PANC-1 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:487-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Sakai K, Hiemori K, Tateno H, Hirabayashi J, Gonoi T. Fucose-specific lectin of Aspergillus fumigatus: binding properties and effects on immune response stimulation. Med Mycol 2019; 57:71-83. [PMID: 29370403 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the major causative fungus of aspergillosis, and many studies have explored the relationship between A. fumigatus and pathogenicity. In the current study, we focused on a fucose-specific lectin, FleA, as a novel molecule which related to the pathogenicity of A. fumigatus. The disruption of the fleA gene did not lead to clear morphological changes compared to parental strain under several stress conditions in culture, but germination become earlier. In comparison with parental strain, the pathogenicity of disruptant was enhanced in a mouse infection model. The pattern of conidial phagocytosis and adhesion to cultured cells did not explain this enhanced pathogenicity. FleA was reported to contain six conserved fucose-binding sites; the analysis of constructed FleA point mutants revealed nonequivalent contribution of the fucose-binding sites to fucose binding. Based on the immune response induced in the cultured cells upon exposure to wild-type and mutant FleA, we propose a model of the FleA molecule in A. fumigatus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Sakai
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Keiko Hiemori
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, AIST, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, AIST, Japan
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, AIST, Japan
| | - Tohru Gonoi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Japan
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41
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Thai Le S, Malinovska L, Vašková M, Mező E, Kelemen V, Borbás A, Hodek P, Wimmerová M, Csávás M. Investigation of the Binding Affinity of a Broad Array of l-Fucosides with Six Fucose-Specific Lectins of Bacterial and Fungal Origin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122262. [PMID: 31216664 PMCID: PMC6631993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Series of multivalent α-l-fucoside containing glycoclusters and variously decorated l-fucosides were synthesized to find potential inhibitors of fucose-specific lectins and study the structure-binding affinity relationships. Tri- and tetravalent fucoclusters were built using copper-mediated azide-alkyne click chemistry. Series of fucoside monomers and dimers were synthesized using various methods, namely glycosylation, an azide-alkyne click reaction, photoinduced thiol-en addition, and sulfation. The interactions between compounds with six fucolectins of bacterial or fungal origin were tested using a hemagglutination inhibition assay. As a result, a tetravalent, α-l-fucose presenting glycocluster showed to be a ligand that was orders of magnitude better than a simple monosaccharide for tested lectins in most cases, which can nominate it as a universal ligand for studied lectins. This compound was also able to inhibit the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells to human epithelial bronchial cells. A trivalent fucocluster with a protected amine functional group also seems to be a promising candidate for designing glycoconjugates and chimeras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Thai Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Lenka Malinovska
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Vašková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Erika Mező
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Viktor Kelemen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Petr Hodek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Wimmerová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdolna Csávás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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42
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Bonnardel F, Kumar A, Wimmerova M, Lahmann M, Perez S, Varrot A, Lisacek F, Imberty A. Architecture and Evolution of Blade Assembly in β-propeller Lectins. Structure 2019; 27:764-775.e3. [PMID: 30853410 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lectins with a β-propeller fold bind glycans on the cell surface through multivalent binding sites and appropriate directionality. These proteins are formed by repeats of short domains, raising questions about evolutionary duplication. However, these repeats are difficult to detect in translated genomes and seldom correctly annotated in sequence databases. To address these issues, we defined the blade signature of the five types of β-propellers using 3D-structural data. With these templates, we predicted 3,887 β-propeller lectins in 1,889 species and organized this information in a searchable online database. The data reveal a widespread distribution of β-propeller lectins across species. Prediction also emphasizes multiple architectures and led to the discovery of a β-propeller assembly scenario. This was confirmed by producing and characterizing a predicted protein coded in the genome of Kordia zhangzhouensis. The crystal structure uncovers an intermediate in the evolution of β-propeller assembly and demonstrates the power of our tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bonnardel
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1227 Geneva, Switzerland; Computer Science Department, UniGe, 1227 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Atul Kumar
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France; CEITEC, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Wimmerova
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Lahmann
- School of Chemistry, University of Bangor, LL57 2UW Bangor, UK
| | - Serge Perez
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Annabelle Varrot
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédérique Lisacek
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1227 Geneva, Switzerland; Computer Science Department, UniGe, 1227 Geneva, Switzerland; Section of Biology, UniGe, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Anne Imberty
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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43
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Bishnoi R, Mahajan S, Ramya TNC. An F-type lectin domain directs the activity of Streptosporangium roseum alpha-l-fucosidase. Glycobiology 2019; 28:860-875. [PMID: 30169639 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
F-type lectins are phylogenetically widespread but selectively distributed fucose-binding lectins with L-fucose- and calcium-binding sequence motifs and an F-type lectin fold. Bacterial F-type lectin domains frequently occur in tandem with various protein domains in diverse architectures, indicating a possible role in directing enzyme activities or other biological functions to distinct fucosylated niches. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of a Streptosporangium roseum protein containing an F-type lectin domain in tandem with an NPCBM-associated domain and a family GH 29A alpha-l-fucosidase domain. We show that the F-type lectin domain of this protein recognizes fucosylated glycans in both α and β linkages but has high affinity for a Fuc-α-1,2-Gal motif and that the alpha-l-fucosidase domain displays hydrolytic activity on glycan substrates with α1-2 and α1-4 linked fucose. We also show that the F-type lectin domain does not have any effect on the activity of the cis-positioned alpha-l-fucosidase domain with the synthetic substrate, 4-Methylumbelliferyl-alpha-l-fucopyranoside or on inhibition of this activity by l-fucose or deoxyfuconojirimycin hydrochloride. However, the F-type lectin domain together with the NPCBM-associated domain enhances the activity of the cis-positioned alpha-l-fucosidase domain for soluble fucosylated oligosaccharide substrates. While there are many reports of glycoside hydrolase activity towards insoluble and soluble polysaccharides being enhanced by cis-positioned carbohydrate binding modules on the polypeptide, this is the first report, to our knowledge, of enhancement of activity towards aqueous, freely diffusible, small oligosaccharides. We propose a model involving structural stabilization and a bind-and-jump action mediated by the F-type lectin domain to rationalize our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Bishnoi
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sonal Mahajan
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
| | - T N C Ramya
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
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44
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Lehot V, Brissonnet Y, Dussouy C, Brument S, Cabanettes A, Gillon E, Deniaud D, Varrot A, Le Pape P, Gouin SG. Multivalent Fucosides with Nanomolar Affinity for the
Aspergillus fumigatus
Lectin FleA Prevent Spore Adhesion to Pneumocytes. Chemistry 2018; 24:19243-19249. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lehot
- LUNAM UniversitéCEISAMUMR CNRS 6230UFR des Sciences et des Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Yoan Brissonnet
- LUNAM UniversitéCEISAMUMR CNRS 6230UFR des Sciences et des Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Christophe Dussouy
- LUNAM UniversitéCEISAMUMR CNRS 6230UFR des Sciences et des Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Sami Brument
- LUNAM UniversitéCEISAMUMR CNRS 6230UFR des Sciences et des Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | | | - Emilie Gillon
- Univ. Grenoble ALpesCNRS, CERMAV 38000 Grenoble France
| | - David Deniaud
- LUNAM UniversitéCEISAMUMR CNRS 6230UFR des Sciences et des Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | | | - Patrice Le Pape
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-MycologieInstitut de Biologie, CHU Nantes Nantes France
| | - Sébastien G. Gouin
- LUNAM UniversitéCEISAMUMR CNRS 6230UFR des Sciences et des Techniques 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
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Kašáková M, Malinovská L, Klejch T, Hlaváčková M, Dvořáková H, Fujdiarová E, Rottnerová Z, Maťátková O, Lhoták P, Wimmerová M, Moravcová J. Selectivity of original C-hexopyranosyl calix[4]arene conjugates towards lectins of different origin. Carbohydr Res 2018; 469:60-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Richard N, Marti L, Varrot A, Guillot L, Guitard J, Hennequin C, Imberty A, Corvol H, Chignard M, Balloy V. Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Inhibit Aspergillus fumigatus Germination of Extracellular Conidia via FleA Recognition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15699. [PMID: 30356167 PMCID: PMC6200801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental filamentous fungus that may act as an opportunistic pathogen causing a variety of diseases, including asthma or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and infection, ranging from asymptomatic colonization to invasive pulmonary form, especially in immunocompromised patients. This fungus is characterized by different morphotypes including conidia which are the infective propagules able to germinate into hyphae. Due to their small size (2–3 µm), conidia released in the air can reach the lower respiratory tract. The objective of this study was to characterize the interactions between conidia and bronchial epithelial cells. To this end, we studied the role of bronchial epithelial cells, i.e., the BEAS-2B cell line and human primary cells, in conidial germination of a laboratory strain and three clinical strains of A. fumigatus. Microscopic observations and galactomannan measurements demonstrated that contact between epithelial cells and conidia leads to the inhibition of conidia germination. We demonstrated that this fungistatic process is not associated with the release of any soluble components nor internalization by the epithelial cells. We highlight that this antifungal process involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway on the host cellular side and the lectin FleA on the fungal side. Collectively, our results show that bronchial epithelial cells attenuate fungal virulence by inhibiting germination of extracellular conidia, thus preventing the morphological change from conidia to filaments, which is responsible for tissue invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Richard
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine Paris, Paris, France
| | - Léa Marti
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine Paris, Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Varrot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine Paris, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Guitard
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital St Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Hennequin
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital St Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine Paris, Paris, France.,Pneumologie Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Michel Chignard
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine Paris, Paris, France
| | - Viviane Balloy
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine Paris, Paris, France.
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Role of the small GTPase Rho1 in cell wall integrity, stress response, and pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 120:30-41. [PMID: 30205199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a major pathogen of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The small GTPase, Rho1, of A. fumigatus is reported to comprise a potential regulatory subunit of β-1,3-glucan synthase and is indispensable for fungal viability; however, the role of AfRho1 on the growth, cell wall integrity, and pathogenesis of A. fumigatus is still poorly understood. We constructed A. fumigatus mutants with conditional- and overexpression of Rho1 and found that defects of AfRho1 expression led to the reduction of β-1,3-glucan and glucosamine moieties on the cell wall, with down-regulated transcription of genes in the cell wall integrity signaling pathway and a decrease of calcofluor white (CFW)-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MpkA) phosphorylation and cytoplasmic leakage compared to those of the wild-type strain (WT). In addition, down-regulation of AfRho1 expression caused much higher sensitivity of A. fumigatus to H2O2 and alkaline pH compared to that of WT. Decrease of AfRho1 expression also attenuated the A. fumigatus pathogenicity in Galleria mellonella and inhibited conidial internalization into lung epithelial cells and inflammatory factor release. In contrast, overexpression of Rho1 did not alter A. fumigatus morphology, susceptibility to cell wall stresses, or pathogenicity relative to its parental strain. Taken together, our findings support AfRho1 as an essential regulator of the cell wall integrity, stress response, and pathogenesis of A. fumigatus.
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Heldt S, Prattes J, Eigl S, Spiess B, Flick H, Rabensteiner J, Johnson G, Prüller F, Wölfler A, Niedrist T, Boch T, Neumeister P, Strohmaier H, Krause R, Buchheidt D, Hoenigl M. Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in hematological malignancy patients: Performance of cytokines, Asp LFD, and Aspergillus PCR in same day blood and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. J Infect 2018; 77:235-241. [PMID: 29972764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillus spp. induce elevated levels of several cytokines. It remains unknown whether these cytokines hold value for clinical routine and enhance diagnostic performances of established and novel biomarkers/tests for invasive aspergillosis (IA). METHODS This cohort study included 106 prospectively enrolled (2014-2017) adult cases with underlying hematological malignancies and suspected pulmonary infection undergoing bronchoscopy. Serum samples were collected within 24 hours of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) sampling. Both, serum and BALF samples were used to evaluate diagnostic performances of the Aspergillus-specific lateral-flow device test (LFD), Aspergillus PCR, β-D-glucan, and cytokines that have shown significant associations with IA before. RESULTS Among 106 cases, 11 had probable IA, and 32 possible IA; 80% received mold-active antifungals at the time of sampling. Diagnostic tests and biomarkers showed better performance in BALF versus blood, with the exception of serum interleukin (IL)-8 which was the most reliable blood biomarker. Combinations of serum IL-8 with either BALF LFD (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94%) or BALF PCR (sensitivity 91%, specificity 97%) showed promise for differentiating probable IA from no IA. CONCLUSIONS High serum IL-8 levels were highly specific, and when combined with either the BALF Aspergillus-specific LFD, or BALF Aspergillus PCR also highly sensitive for diagnosis of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Heldt
- Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Juergen Prattes
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; CBmed - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Eigl
- Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Birgit Spiess
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Holger Flick
- Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jasmin Rabensteiner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gemma Johnson
- OLM Diagnostics, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Prüller
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Albert Wölfler
- CBmed - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria; Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Boch
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Neumeister
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Strohmaier
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Krause
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; CBmed - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Dieter Buchheidt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; CBmed - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
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Feldman MB, Vyas JM, Mansour MK. It takes a village: Phagocytes play a central role in fungal immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 89:16-23. [PMID: 29727727 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an essential step in the innate immune response to invasive fungal infections. This process is carried out by a proverbial "village" of professional phagocytic cells, which have evolved efficient machinery to recognize and ingest pathogens, namely macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. These innate immune cells drive early cytokine production, fungicidal activity, antigen presentation and activation of the adaptive immune system. Despite the development of antifungal agents with potent activity, the biological activity of professional phagocytic innate immune cells has proven indispensable in protecting a host from invasive fungal infections. Additionally, an emerging body of evidence suggests non-professional phagocytes, such as airway epithelial cells, carry out phagocytosis and may play a critical role in the elimination of fungal pathogens. Here, we review recent advances of phagocytosis by both professional and non-professional phagocytes in response to fungal pathogens, with a focus on invasive aspergillosis as a model disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Feldman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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The oxygen concentration in cultures modulates protein expression and enzymatic antioxidant responses in Metarhizium lepidiotae conidia. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:487-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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