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Santos AA, Garrute FV, Magalhães VF, Pacheco ABF. Microcystin removal by microbial communities from a coastal lagoon: Influence of abiotic factors, bacterioplankton composition and estimated functions. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 135:102646. [PMID: 38830712 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacterial blooms present a substantial risk to public health due to the production of secondary metabolites, notably microcystins (MCs). Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most prevalent and toxic variant in freshwater. MCs resist conventional water treatment methods, persistently impacting water quality. This study focused on an oligohaline shallow lagoon historically affected by MC-producing cyanobacteria, aiming to identify bacteria capable of degrading MC and investigating the influence of environmental factors on this process. While isolated strains did not exhibit MC degradation, microbial assemblages directly sourced from lagoon water removed MC-LR within seven days at 25 ºC and pH 8.0. The associated bacterial community demonstrated an increased abundance of bacterial taxa assigned to Methylophilales, and also Rhodospirillales and Rhodocyclales to a lesser extent. However, elevated atmospheric temperatures (45 ºC) and acidification (pH 5.0 and 3.0) hindered MC-LR removal, indicating that extreme environmental changes could contribute to prolonged MC persistence in the water column. This study highlights the importance of considering environmental conditions in order to develop strategies to mitigate cyanotoxin contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan A Santos
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Felipe V Garrute
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program-COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Biological Physics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valéria F Magalhães
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz F Pacheco
- Biological Physics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Possibility for Water Quality Biocontrol: Observation of Microcystin Transfer in the “Cyanobacteria–Cladohorn–Fish” Food Chain. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14121928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins appear to be considered one of the most dangerous cyanobacterial toxins in the world. The accumulation and change of microcystins MC-LR and MC-RR in the “cyanobacteria–cladocera–fish” food chain were studied. Microcystis aeruginosa was fed to Moina macrocopa at three densities, 5.0 × 103, 5.0 × 105, and 5.0 × 106 cells/mL, and then passed to Cyprinus flammans. The total amount of MCs in the cyanobacteria cell extract increased with increasing density. The content of MCs in M. macrocopa increased with the feeding density of M. aeruginosa. In the final stage of experiments, MC-RR was the only MC that could be transmitted by M. macrocopa and persisted in red carp. In this study, changes in the concentrations of MC-LR and MC-RR in the liver of red carp seem to indicate some kind of transformation or degradation mechanism. It shows the possibility of MCs concentration-controlled biodefense in eutrophic waters.
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Safety assessment of graphene oxide and microcystin-LR complex: a toxicological scenario beyond physical mixture. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:26. [PMID: 35392949 PMCID: PMC8988332 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanomaterials have been widely used in electrochemistry, sensors, medicine among others applications, causing its inevitable environmental exposure. A raising question is the “carrier” effect due to unique surface properties of nanomaterials, which may collectively impact the bioavailability, toxicokinetic, distribution and biological effects of classic toxicants. Noteworthy, this aspect of information remains largely unexplored. Methods Here, we deliberately selected two entities to mimic this scenario. One is graphene oxide (GO), which is made in ton quantity with huge surface-area that provides hydrophilicity and π–π interaction to certain chemicals of unique structures. The other is Microcystin-LR (MCLR), a representative double-bond rich liver-toxic endotoxin widely distributed in aquatic-system. Firstly, the adsorption of GO and MCLR after meeting under environmental conditions was explored, and then we focused on the toxicological effect and related mechanism of GO-MCLR complex on human skin cutin forming cells (HaCaT cells) and normal liver cells (L02 cells). Results Abiotically, our study demonstrated that GO could effectively adsorb MCLR through hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction, the oxidation degree of GO-MCLR decreased significantly and surface defect level raised. Compared to GO or MCLR, GO-MCLR was found to induce more remarkable apoptosis and ferroptosis in both HaCaT and L02 cells. The underlying mechanism was that GO-MCLR induced stronger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mtROS generation, followed by Fe2+ accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoskeletal damage. Conclusions These results suggest that the GO-MCLR complex formed by GO adsorption of MCLR may exhibit more toxic effects than the single material, which demonstrates the necessity for assessing nano-toxicant complexity. Our discovery may serve as a new toxicological paradigm in which nanomaterial mediated surface adsorption effects could impact the degree of cytotoxicity and toxicological mechanisms of classic toxins. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00466-x.
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Massey IY, Peng T, Danping C, Yang F. Optimization of Biodegradation Characteristics of Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 against Crude Microcystin-LR Using Response Surface Methodology. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040240. [PMID: 35448849 PMCID: PMC9026303 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 has proven to be efficient in biodegrading microcystin (MC)-leucine (L) and arginine (R) (MC-LR); however, the optimal environmental factors to biodegrade the toxin have not been investigated. In this study, the biodegrading characteristics of strain YF1 against MC-LR were assessed under diverse environmental factors, including temperature (20, 30 or 40 °C), pH (5, 7 or 9) and MC-LR concentration (1, 3 or 5 µg/mL). Data obtained from the single-factor experiment indicated that MC-LR biodegradation by strain YF1 was temperature-, pH- and MC-LR-concentration-dependent, and the maximal biodegradation rate occurred at 5 µg/mL/h. Proposing Box-Behnken Design in response surface methodology, the influence of the three environmental factors on the biodegradation efficiency of MC-LR using strain YF1 was determined. A 17-run experiment was generated and carried out, including five replications performed at the center point. The ANOVA analysis demonstrated that the model was significant, and the model prediction of MC-LR biodegradation was also validated with the experimental data. The quadratic statistical model was established to predict the interactive effects of the environmental factors on MC-LR biodegradation efficiency and to optimize the controlling parameters. The optimal conditions for MC-LR biodegradation were observed at 30 °C, pH 7 and 3 µg/mL MC-LR, with a biodegradation efficiency of 100% after 60 min. The determination of the optimal environmental factors will help to unveil the detailed biodegradation mechanism of MC-LR by strain YF1 and to apply it into the practice of eliminating MC-LR from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Yaw Massey
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China;
| | - Tangjian Peng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China; (T.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Cai Danping
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China; (T.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China;
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China; (T.P.); (C.D.)
- Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
- Correspondence: authors:
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Qian Y, Okano K, Kodato M, Arai M, Yanagiya T, Li Q, Amano C, Ruike K, Itayama T, Iwami N, Utsumi M, Lei Z, Zhang Z, Sugiura N, Shimizu K. Dynamics of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial community during a cyanobacterial bloom. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 86:78-91. [PMID: 34661632 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacterial blooms frequently develop in eutrophic freshwater bodies worldwide. Microcystis species produce microcystins (MCs) as a cyanotoxin. Certain bacteria that harbor the mlr gene cluster, especially mlrA, are capable of degrading MCs. However, MC-degrading bacteria may possess or lack mlr genes (mlr+ and mlr- genotypes, respectively). In this study, we investigated the genotype that predominantly contributes to biodegradation and cyanobacterial predator community structure with change in total MC concentration in an aquatic environment. The 2 genotypes coexisted but mlr+ predominated, as indicated by the negative correlation between mlrA gene copy abundance and total MC concentration. At the highest MC concentrations, predation pressure by Phyllopoda, Copepoda, and Monogononta (rotifers) was reduced; thus, MCs may be toxic to cyanobacterial predators. The results suggest that cooperation between MC-degrading bacteria and predators may reduce Microcystis abundance and MC concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Qian
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Okano
- Department of Biological Environment, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita City, Akita, Japan
| | - Miwa Kodato
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Michiko Arai
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takeru Yanagiya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Qintong Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Chie Amano
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kakeru Ruike
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Itayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norio Iwami
- School of Science and Engineering, Meisei University, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoo Utsumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Sustainability Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Norio Sugiura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Hu C, Zuo Y, Peng L, Gan N, Song L. Widespread Distribution and Adaptive Degradation of Microcystin Degrader ( mlr-Genotype) in Lake Taihu, China. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120864. [PMID: 34941702 PMCID: PMC8705652 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation is an important route for removing environmental microcystins (MCs). Here, we investigated the ecological distribution of microcystin degraders (mlr-genotype), and the relationship between the substrate specificity of the microcystin degrader and the profile of microcystin congener production in the habitat. We showed that microcystin degraders were widely distributed and closely associated with Microcystis abundance in Lake Taihu, China. We characterized an indigenous degrader, Sphingopyxis N5 in the northern Lake Taihu, and it metabolized six microcystin congeners in increasing order (RR > LR > YR > LA > LF and LW). Such a substrate-specificity pattern was congruent to the order of the dominance levels of these congeners in northern Lake Taihu. Furthermore, a meta-analysis on global microcystin degraders revealed that the substrate-specificity patterns varied geographically, but generally matched the profiles of microcystin congener production in the degrader habitats, and the indigenous degrader typically metabolized well the dominant MC congeners, but not the rare congeners in the habitat. This highlighted the phenotypic congruence between microcystin production and degradation in natural environments. We theorize that such congruence resulted from the metabolic adaptation of the indigenous degrader to the local microcystin congeners. Under the nutrient microcystin selection, the degraders might have evolved to better exploit the locally dominant congeners. This study provided the novel insight into the ecological distribution and adaptive degradation of microcystin degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.P.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Yanxia Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.P.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.P.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nanqin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.H.); (Y.Z.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (L.S.)
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Hoke AK, Reynoso G, Smith MR, Gardner MI, Lockwood DJ, Gilbert NE, Wilhelm SW, Becker IR, Brennan GJ, Crider KE, Farnan SR, Mendoza V, Poole AC, Zimmerman ZP, Utz LK, Wurch LL, Steffen MM. Genomic signatures of Lake Erie bacteria suggest interaction in the Microcystis phycosphere. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257017. [PMID: 34550975 PMCID: PMC8457463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions in harmful algal bloom (HAB) communities have been examined in marine systems, but are poorly studied in fresh waters. To investigate HAB-microbe interactions, we isolated bacteria with close associations to bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis spp., during a 2017 bloom in the western basin of Lake Erie. The genomes of five isolates (Exiguobacterium sp. JMULE1, Enterobacter sp. JMULE2, Deinococcus sp. JMULE3, Paenibacillus sp. JMULE4, and Acidovorax sp. JMULE5.) were sequenced on a PacBio Sequel system. These genomes ranged in size from 3.1 Mbp (Exiguobacterium sp. JMULE1) to 5.7 Mbp (Enterobacter sp. JMULE2). The genomes were analyzed for genes relating to critical metabolic functions, including nitrogen reduction and carbon utilization. All five of the sequenced genomes contained genes that could be used in potential signaling and nutrient exchange between the bacteria and cyanobacteria such as Microcystis. Gene expression signatures of algal-derived carbon utilization for two isolates were identified in Microcystis blooms in Lake Erie and Lake Tai (Taihu) at low levels, suggesting these organisms are active and may have a functional role during Microcystis blooms in aggregates, but were largely missing from whole water samples. These findings build on the growing evidence that the bacterial microbiome associated with bloom-forming algae have the functional potential to contribute to nutrient exchange within bloom communities and interact with important bloom formers like Microcystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa K. Hoke
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Guadalupe Reynoso
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Morgan R. Smith
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Malia I. Gardner
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Naomi E. Gilbert
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | | | | | - Grant J. Brennan
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Shannon R. Farnan
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Victoria Mendoza
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Alison C. Poole
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Lucy K. Utz
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Louie L. Wurch
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Morgan M. Steffen
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Transcriptional Analysis of Microcystis aeruginosa Co-Cultured with Algicidal Bacteria Brevibacillus laterosporus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168615. [PMID: 34444364 PMCID: PMC8394347 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms caused huge ecological damage and economic losses around the world. Controlling algal blooms by algicidal bacteria is expected to be an effective biological control method. The current study investigated the molecular mechanism of harmful cyanobacteria disrupted by algicidal bacteria. Microcystis aeruginosa was co-cultured with Brevibacillus laterosporus Bl-zj, and RNA-seq based transcriptomic analysis was performed compared to M. aeruginosa, which was cultivated separately. A total of 1706 differentially expressed genes were identified, which were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. In the co-cultured group, the expression of genes mainly enriched in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly inhibited. However, the expression of the genes related to fatty acid synthesis increased. In addition, the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, such as 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, was increased. These results suggested that B. laterosporus could block the electron transport by attacking the PSI system and complex I of M. aeruginosa, affecting the energy acquisition and causing oxidative damage. This further led to the lipid peroxidation of the microalgal cell membrane, resulting in algal death. The transcriptional analysis of algicidal bacteria in the interaction process can be combined to explain the algicidal mechanism in the future.
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Zhu R, Wang H, Shen H, Deng X, Chen J. The dynamics and release characteristics of microcystins in the plateau Lake Erhai, Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23473-23481. [PMID: 33452641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) have seriously polluted drinking water supplies and have caused great harm to aquatic organisms and humans. Understanding the dynamics of MC concentrations and its influencing factors is necessary for drinking water safety. Many previous studies on MC pollution focused on intracellular MCs rather than on extracellular MCs, which are more difficult to remove by water treatment. So far, the release characteristics of MCs and the relationships between intracellular and extracellular MCs are still unclear. To explore these questions, a survey was conducted at 18 sites across Lake Erhai from May 2014 to April 2015 as in Lake Erhai the frequency and coverage area of cyanobacterial blooms have been increasing. Variation of extracellular MCs lagged behind that of intracellular MCs. The highest value of intracellular MCs was 1.07 μg L-1 in October 2014 and the highest extracellular MC concentration was 0.035 μg L-1 in November 2014. Intracellular MCs were positively influenced by MC-producing cyanobacterial biomass, water temperature (WT), pH, and conductivity (Cond). The extracellular MCs showed little correlation with cyanobacterial abundances and intracellular MC concentrations, but showed significant negative correlations with WT, pH, and Cond. These results indicated that high biomass and high intracellular MC concentrations did not quickly lead to large releases of MCs, and that when cyanobacterial cells died and blooms disappeared, MCs were intensively released into the water, posing the greatest threat to drinking water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan, 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuwei Deng
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Crettaz-Minaglia M, Fallico M, Aranda O, Juarez I, Pezzoni M, Costa C, Andrinolo D, Giannuzzi L. Effect of temperature on microcystin-LR removal and lysis activity on Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria) by an indigenous bacterium belonging to the genus Achromobacter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44427-44439. [PMID: 32767213 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis is a frequent cyanobacterium bloom-forming with cosmopolitan distribution which can produce a hepatotoxin group called microcystins (MCs). These MCs are resistant to the traditional processes employed in the water treatment plants and they are often detected after conventional treatments. Because of this, the bio-removal studies have obtained a great interest in the last decades. In this work, a bacterial strain namely LG1 with the ability to remove microcystin-LR (MC-LR) under laboratory conditions was isolated from Rio de la Plata River and it was identified as Achromobacter spp. This ubiquitous bacterium was able to remove 79.5% MC-LR in 7 days with average removal time of 3.33 ± 0.08, 3.06 ± 0.05, and 2.77 ± 0.05 days at 28, 32, and 36 ± 1 °C, being higher at high temperature (36 °C) with an activation energy = 16.79 ± 1.99 kJ mol-1. LG1 grew better at higher temperature (from 28 to 36 ± 1 °C) increasing the specific growth rate (μ) and reducing 2-fold the lag phase duration (LPD) without significant differences (p > 0.05) between maximum population density (MPD). In addition, LG1 showed a lysis activity on two M. aeruginosa native strains in 7 days measured as chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentration. The lysis activity increased around 2-fold when increasing the temperature from 28 to 36 ± 1 °C. This is the first report of an indigenous bacterium belonging to the genus Achromobacter spp. isolated from the Rio de la Plata River with the capacity to remove MC-LR and lysis activity on M. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Crettaz-Minaglia
- Laboratorio de Toxicología General, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Maximiliano Fallico
- Laboratorio de Toxicología General, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Oswaldo Aranda
- Laboratorio de Toxicología General, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ivan Juarez
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Pezzoni
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Costa
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dario Andrinolo
- Laboratorio de Toxicología General, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leda Giannuzzi
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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A Mini Review on Microcystins and Bacterial Degradation. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040268. [PMID: 32326338 PMCID: PMC7232508 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) classified as hepatotoxic and carcinogenic are the most commonly reported cyanobacterial toxins found in the environment. Microcystis sp. possessing a series of MC synthesis genes (mcyA-mcyJ) are well documented for their excessive abundance, numerous bloom occurrences and MC producing capacity. About 246 variants of MC which exert severe animal and human health hazards through the inhibition of protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) have been characterized. To minimize and prevent MC health consequences, the World Health Organization proposed 1 µg/L MC guidelines for safe drinking water quality. Further the utilization of bacteria that represent a promising biological treatment approach to degrade and remove MC from water bodies without harming the environment has gained global attention. Thus the present review described toxic effects and bacterial degradation of MCs.
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Krausfeldt LE, Steffen MM, McKay RM, Bullerjahn GS, Boyer GL, Wilhelm SW. Insight Into the Molecular Mechanisms for Microcystin Biodegradation in Lake Erie and Lake Taihu. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2741. [PMID: 31921001 PMCID: PMC6914704 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystins are potent hepatotoxins that are frequently detected in fresh water lakes plagued by toxic cyanobacteria. Microbial biodegradation has been referred to as the most important avenue for removal of microcystin from aquatic environments. The biochemical pathway most commonly associated with the degradation of microcystin is encoded by the mlrABCD (mlr) cassette. The ecological significance of this pathway remains unclear as no studies have examined the expression of these genes in natural environments. Six metatranscriptomes were generated from microcystin-producing Microcystis blooms and analyzed to assess the activity of this pathway in environmental samples. Seventy-eight samples were collected from Lake Erie, United States/Canada and Lake Tai (Taihu), China, and screened for the presence of mlr gene transcripts. Read mapping to the mlr cassette indicated transcripts for these genes were absent, with only 77 of the collective 3.7 billion reads mapping to any part of the mlr cassette. Analysis of the assembled metatranscriptomes supported this, with only distantly related sequences identified as mlrABC-like. These observations were made despite the presence of microcystin and over 500,000 reads mapping to the mcy cassette for microcystin production. Glutathione S-transferases and alkaline proteases have been previously hypothesized to be alternative pathways for microcystin biodegradation, and expression of these genes was detected across space and time in both lakes. While the activity of these alternative pathways needs to be experimentally confirmed, they may be individually or collectively more important than mlr genes in the natural environment. Importantly, the lack of mlr expression could indicate microcystin biodegradation was not occurring in the analyzed samples. This study raises interesting questions about the ubiquity, specificity and locality of microcystin biodegradation, and highlights the need for the characterization of relevant mechanisms in natural communities to understand the fate of microcystin in the environment and risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Krausfeldt
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Morgan M. Steffen
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States
| | - Robert M. McKay
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - George S. Bullerjahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Gregory L. Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Steven W. Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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13
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Kumar P, Hegde K, Brar SK, Cledon M, Kermanshahi-Pour A. Potential of biological approaches for cyanotoxin removal from drinking water: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:488-503. [PMID: 30738231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatment of cyanotoxins has gained much importance in recent decades and holds a promise to work in coordination with various physicochemical treatments. In drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), effective removal of cyanotoxins with reduced toxicity is a primary concern. Commonly used treatments, such as ozonation, chlorination or activated carbon, undergo significant changes in their operating conditions (mainly dosage) to counter the variation in different environmental parameters, such as pH, temperature, and high cyanotoxin concentration. Presence of metal ions, natural organic matter (NOM), and other chemicals demand higher dosage and hence affect the activation energy to efficiently break down the cyanotoxin molecule. Due to these higher dose requirements, the treatment leads to the formation of toxic metabolites at a concentration high enough to break the guideline values. Biological methods of cyanotoxin removal proceed via enzymatic pathway where the protein-encoding genes are often responsible for the compound breakdown into non-toxic metabolites. However, in contrast to the chemical treatment, the biological processes advance at a much slower kinetic rate, predominantly due to a longer onset period (high lag phase). In fact, more than 90% of the studies reported on the biological degradation of the cyanotoxins attribute the biodegradation to the bacterial suspension. This suspended growth limits the mass transfer kinetics due to the presence of metal ions, NOMs and, other oxidizable matter, which further prolongs the lag phase and makes biological process toxic-free, albeit less efficient. In this context, this review attempts to bring out the importance of the attached growth mechanism, in particular, the biofilm-based treatment approaches which can enhance the biodegradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kumar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
| | | | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9; Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.
| | - Maximiliano Cledon
- CIMAS (CONICET, UnComa, Rio Negro), Güemes 1030, San Antonio Oeste, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Azadeh Kermanshahi-Pour
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 1Z1
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14
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Kumar P, Hegde K, Brar SK, Cledon M, Kermanshahi-Pour A, Roy-Lachapelle A, Galvez-Cloutier R. Biodegradation of microcystin-LR using acclimatized bacteria isolated from different units of the drinking water treatment plant. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:407-416. [PMID: 30005254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial community isolated from different units of a Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) including pre-ozonation unit (POU), the effluent-sludge mixture of the sedimentation unit (ESSU) and top-sand layer water sample from the filtration unit (TSFU) were acclimatized separately in the microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR)-rich environment to evaluate MC-LR biodegradation. Maximum biodegradation efficiency of 97.2 ± 8.7% was achieved by the acclimatized-TSFU bacterial community followed by 72.1 ± 6.4% and 86.2 ± 7.3% by acclimatized-POU and acclimatized-ESSU bacterial community, respectively. Likewise, the non-acclimatized bacterial community showed similar biodegradation efficiency of 71.1 ± 7.37%, 86.7 ± 3.19% and 94.35 ± 10.63% for TSFU, ESSU and POU, respectively, when compared to the acclimatized ones. However, the biodegradation rate increased 1.5-folds for acclimatized versus non-acclimatized conditions. The mass spectrometry studies on MC-LR degradation depicted hydrolytic linearization of cyclic MC-LR along with the formation of small peptide fragments including Adda molecule that is linked to the reduced toxicity (qualitative toxicity analysis). This was further confirmed quantitatively by using Rhizobium meliloti as a bioindicator. The acclimatized-TSFU bacterial community comprised of novel MC-LR degrading strains, Chryseobacterium sp. and Pseudomonas fragi as confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kumar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Krishnamoorthy Hegde
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Maximiliano Cledon
- CIMAS (CONICET, UnComa, Rio Negro), Güemes 1030, San Antonio Oeste, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Azadeh Kermanshahi-Pour
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3J 1Z1, Canada
| | - Audrey Roy-Lachapelle
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 rue McGill, H2Y 2E7, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rosa Galvez-Cloutier
- Faculté des Sciences et Génie, Département de génie civil et génie des Eaux, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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15
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Krishnan A, Zhang YQ, Mou X. Isolation and Characterization of Microcystin-Degrading Bacteria from Lake Erie. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:617-623. [PMID: 30368574 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrophic bacteria are suggested as the major agents that degrade microcystins (MCs), a major cyanotoxins, in natural environments. However, little is known of the taxonomic and functional diversity of MC-degrading bacteria in Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes, the largest freshwater system on earth. This study obtained six bacterial pure isolates from Lake Erie with an ability to use MCs as the sole carbon and energy sources. MC degradation rates of the isolates were impacted by temperature and pH. The key gene for MC degradation (mlrA) were failed to be PCR amplified from for all 6 MC degraders, indicating they may possess a novel MC degradation pathway. In addition for potentials used in MC bioremediation, two isolates maybe can offer extra benefits as biofertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Krishnan
- Biological Science Department, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Yu-Qin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan Xi Li, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaozhen Mou
- Biological Science Department, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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16
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Massey IY, Zhang X, Yang F. Importance of bacterial biodegradation and detoxification processes of microcystins for environmental health. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2018; 21:357-369. [PMID: 30373489 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2018.1532701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MC) the most frequently reported cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom toxins primarily found in some species of freshwater genera pose a serious threat to human and animal health. To reduce health risks associated with MC exposure it is important to remove these toxins found in drinking and recreational waterbodies. Since the physical and chemical water treatment methods are inefficient in completely degrading MC, alternative approaches to effectively detoxify MC have become the focus of global research. The aim of this review was to provide the current approach to cost-effective biological treatment methods which utilize bacteria to degrade MC without generation of harmful by-products. In addition, the catabolic pathways involved in MC-degradation involving proteins encoded mlr gene cluster, intermediate products and efficiencies of bacteria strain/bacteria community are presented and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Yaw Massey
- a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Xian Zhang
- a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Fei Yang
- a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , Changsha , China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education , School of Public Health Southeast University , Nanjing , China
- c Key laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety , Central South University , Changsha , China
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17
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Bacteria as biological control agents of freshwater cyanobacteria: is it feasible beyond the laboratory? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9911-9923. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Yang F, Guo J, Huang F, Massey IY, Huang R, Li Y, Wen C, Ding P, Zeng W, Liang G. Removal of Microcystin-LR by a Novel Native Effective Bacterial Community Designated as YFMCD4 Isolated from Lake Taihu. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10090363. [PMID: 30205544 PMCID: PMC6162702 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic and frequently detected monocyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria, which poses a great threat to the natural ecosystem and public health. It is very important to seek environment-friendly and cost-efficient methods to remove MC-LR in water. In this study, the MC-degrading capacities of a novel indigenous bacterial community designated as YFMCD4 and the influence of environmental factors including various temperatures, MC concentrations and pH on the MC-degrading activities were investigated utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the MC-degrading mechanism of YFMCD4 was also studied using HPLC coupled with a mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization interface (HPLC-ESI-MS). The data showed MC-LR was completely removed at the maximum rate of 0.5 µg/(mL·h) under the optimal condition by YFMCD4. Two pure bacterial strains Alcaligenes faecalis and Stenotrophomonas acidaminiohila were isolated from YFMCD4 degraded MC-LR at a slower rate. The MC-degrading rates of YFMCD4 were significantly affected by different temperatures, pH and MC-LR concentrations. Two intermediates of a tetrapeptide and Adda appeared in the degradation process. These results illustrate that the novel YFMCD4 is one of the highest effective MC-degrading bacterial community, which can completely remove MC-LR and possesses a significant potential to treat water bodies contaminated by MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Key laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Feiyu Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Isaac Yaw Massey
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Cong Wen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Ping Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Weiming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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19
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Exposure routes and health effects of microcystins on animals and humans: A mini-review. Toxicon 2018; 151:156-162. [PMID: 30003917 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) pollution has quickly risen in infamy and has become a major problem to public health worldwide. MCs are a group of monocyclic hepatotoxic peptides, which are produced by some bloom-forming cyanobacteria in water. More than 100 different MCs variants posing a great threat to animals and humans due to their potential carcinogenicity have been reported. To reduce MCs risks, the World Health Organization has set a provisional guideline of 1 μg/L MCs in human's drinking water. This paper provides an overview of exposure routes of MCs into the human system and health effects on different organs after MCs exposure including the liver, intestine, brain, kidney, lung, heart and reproductive system. In addition, some evidences on human poisoning and deaths associated with MCs exposure are presented. Finally, in order to protect human life against the health threats posed by MCs, this paper also suggests some directions for future research that can advance MCs control and minimize human exposure to MCs.
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20
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Chen Z, Zhang J, Li R, Tian F, Shen Y, Xie X, Ge Q, Lu Z. Metatranscriptomics analysis of cyanobacterial aggregates during cyanobacterial bloom period in Lake Taihu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4811-4825. [PMID: 29198031 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanism of interaction between the bloom-forming cyanobacterial species and attached microbios within cyanobacterial aggregates has not been elucidated yet and understanding of which would help to unravel the cyanobacteria bloom-forming mechanism. In this study, we profiled the metabolically active community by high-throughput metatranscriptome sequencing from cyanobacterial aggregates during cyanobacterial bloom period in Lake Taihu, China. A total of 308 million sequences were obtained using the HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform, which provided a great sequence coverage to carry out the in-depth taxonomic classification, functional classification, and metabolic pathway analysis of the cyanobacterial aggregates. The results show that bacteria dominated in cyanobacterial aggregates, accounting for more than 96.66% of total sequences. Microcystis was the most abundant genus, accounted for 26.80% of total assigned sequences at the genus level in cyanobacterial aggregates community; however, Proteobacteria (46.20%) was found to be as the most abundant active bacterial populations at the phylum level. More importantly, nitrogen, phosphonate, and phosphinate metabolism which associated with eutrophication were found in this study. Especially, the enzymes and organisms relating to denitrification and anammox of nitrogen metabolism, which reduced nitrogen concentration by reducing nitrate to nitrogen to inhibit the eutrophication, were first discovered in Lake Taihu during cyanobacterial bloom period. The present study provides a snapshot of metatranscriptome for cyanobacterial aggregates in Lake Taihu and demonstrates that cyanobacterial aggregates could play a key role in the nitrogen cycle in eutrophic water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Chen
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Sipailou No.2, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Medical Engineering Office of Wuxi Municipal People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Sipailou No.2, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Wuxi, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Sipailou No.2, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fei Tian
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Sipailou No.2, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Sipailou No.2, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xueying Xie
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Sipailou No.2, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Sipailou No.2, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Zuhong Lu
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Sipailou No.2, Nanjing, 210096, China
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21
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Yang F, Massey IY, Guo J, Yang S, Pu Y, Zeng W, Tan H. Microcystin-LR degradation utilizing a novel effective indigenous bacterial community YFMCD1 from Lake Taihu. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:184-193. [PMID: 29313451 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1423803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MC) produced by species of cyanobacteria including Microcystis, Anabaena, and Aphanizomenon are a group of monocyclic hepatotoxins posing serious threat to public health. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic and frequently encountered microcystin variant in the environment, and thus removal of this toxin using bacteria was shown to be a reliable, efficient, and cost-effective method that avoids utilization of chemicals that may produce potentially harmful by-products. The aim of this study was to determine whether a novel indigenous bacterial community designated YFMCD1 was effective in destroying MC. In addition, the influence of environmental factors such as temperature, MC concentration, and pH was examined on the effectiveness of YFMCD1 to degrade MC-LR. MC-degradation products were identified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ultra-high resolution LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro ETD mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization interface (HPLC-ESI-MS). MC-LR underwent maximal degradation at rate of 0.5 µg/ml/hr with YFMCD1 containing Klebsiella sp. termed YFMCD1-1 or Stenotrophomonas sp. termed YFMCD1-2. Moreover, Adda (3-amino-9-methoxy-2, 6, 8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4, 6-dienoic acid) is a constituent within the MC-LR molecule found to be responsible for biological activity expression and critical for MC-induced toxicity, which is also degraded by YFMCD1. The results showed that YFMCD1 effectively degraded MC-LR. The degradation rate was significantly affected by temperature, pH, and MC-LR concentrations. Data indicate that this bacterial community may prove beneficial in bioremediation of lakes containing MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering , Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University , Nanjing China
| | - Isaac Yaw Massey
- a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha China
| | - Jian Guo
- a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha China
| | - Shu Yang
- a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering , Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University , Nanjing China
| | - Weiming Zeng
- c Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education , School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University , Changsha China
| | - Hongzhuan Tan
- a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha China
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22
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Lezcano MÁ, Quesada A, El-Shehawy R. Seasonal dynamics of microcystin-degrading bacteria and toxic cyanobacterial blooms: Interaction and influence of abiotic factors. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 71:19-28. [PMID: 29306393 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Massive proliferations of cyanobacteria coexist and have different interactions with other microorganisms, including microcystin (MC)-degrading bacteria. Despite their relevance in the environment for the removal of MCs, this bacterial community has been scarcely studied. The influence of physicochemical factors and the seasonal dynamics of toxic cyanobacteria on the relative abundance and seasonal dynamics of the MC-degrading bacterial community with mlr genes (mlr+) were investigated during a two-year study at a water reservoir in central Spain. The capacity of the total bacterial community on the degradation of MCs during the whole period of study was also evaluated. The results showed that the relative abundance of mlr+ bacteria started to increase after the increase in the relative abundance of toxic cyanobacteria and MC concentrations in the water, indicating a related seasonal dynamic and an important interaction between the two communities. The correspondence of several peaks of mlr+ bacteria with decreases in the relative abundance of toxic cyanobacteria and vice versa may also suggest a possible antagonistic relationship that deserves an in-depth study. The lack of a significant relationship between the physicochemical factors and the temporal shifts of both MC producers and degraders also supports the notion that the interaction of the two communities is an important driver of their seasonal dynamics in nature. Regarding the capacity of the total bacterial community for the degradation of MCs, this capacity was only observed during the toxic cyanobacterial bloom episodes, highlighting the importance of the pre-exposure to MCs in the reservoir for triggering the MC biodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Lezcano
- IMDEA Water Institute, Av. Punto Com, 2, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28805, Spain; Departamento de Biología, C. Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain.
| | - Antonio Quesada
- Departamento de Biología, C. Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain.
| | - Rehab El-Shehawy
- IMDEA Water Institute, Av. Punto Com, 2, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28805, Spain.
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23
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Lezcano MÁ, Velázquez D, Quesada A, El-Shehawy R. Diversity and temporal shifts of the bacterial community associated with a toxic cyanobacterial bloom: An interplay between microcystin producers and degraders. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 125:52-61. [PMID: 28829999 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of microcystins (MCs) by bacteria constitutes an important process in freshwater ecosystems to prevent the accumulation of toxins. However, little is known about the diversity and the seasonal dynamics of the bacterial community composition (BCC) involved in the degradation of MCs in nature. To explore these BCC shifts, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyse the 16S rRNA, mcyE and mlrA genes during a year in a freshwater reservoir with a toxic cyanobacterial bloom episode. The analysis of the mcyE and mlrA genes from water samples revealed the coexistence of different MC-producing and MC-degrading genotypes, respectively. The patchy temporal distribution of the mlrA genotypes (from the families Sphingomonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae) suggests their dissimilar response to environmental conditions and the influence of other factors besides the MCs that may control their presence and relative abundance. During the maximum toxic cyanobacterial biomass and cell lysis, other bacterial taxa that lack mlr genes increased their relative abundance. Among these bacteria, those with a recognized role in the degradation of xenobiotic and other complex organic compounds (e.g., orders Myxococcales, Ellin6067, Spirobacillales and Cytophagales) were the most representative and suggest their possible involvement in the removal of MCs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Lezcano
- IMDEA Water Institute, Av. Punto Com, 2, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28805, Spain; Departamento de Biología, C. Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - David Velázquez
- Departamento de Biología, C. Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - Antonio Quesada
- Departamento de Biología, C. Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - Rehab El-Shehawy
- IMDEA Water Institute, Av. Punto Com, 2, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28805, Spain.
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A Novel and Native Microcystin-Degrading Bacterium of Sphingopyxis sp. Isolated from Lake Taihu. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101187. [PMID: 28984840 PMCID: PMC5664688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A native, highly efficient microcystin-LR (MC-LR)-degrading bacterium named a7 was isolated from Lake Taihu and identified as Sphingopyxis sp. by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The strain a7 could totally degrade MC-LR at a rate of 3.33 mg/(L·h), as detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mlrA, mlrC, and mlrD genes were detected in the strain a7 by sequence analysis. Tetrapeptide and Adda—which are the middle metabolites of MC-LR—were analyzed via liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) during degradation. These metabolites were degraded completely, which suggested that the native Sphingopyxis sp. a7 was highly efficient in MC-LR degradation under bench conditions. Thus, strain a7 exhibited a significant potential application for bioremediation in water bodies contaminated by MC-LR produced by harmful cyanobacterial blooms.
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25
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Lee J, Lee S, Jiang X. Cyanobacterial Toxins in Freshwater and Food: Important Sources of Exposure to Humans. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:281-304. [PMID: 28245155 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A recent ecological study demonstrated a significant association between an increased risk of nonalcoholic liver disease mortality and freshwater cyanobacterial blooms. Moreover, previous epidemiology studies highlighted a relationship between cyanotoxins in drinking water with liver cancer and damage and colorectal cancer. These associations identified cyanobacterial blooms as a global public health and environmental problem, affecting freshwater bodies that are important sources for drinking water, agriculture, and aquafarms. Furthermore, as a result of climate change, it is expected that our freshwater environments will become more favorable for producing harmful blooms that produce various cyanotoxins. Food is an important source of cyanotoxin exposure to humans, but it has been less addressed. This paper synthesizes information from the studies that have investigated cyanotoxins in freshwater and food on a global scale. We also review and summarize the health effects and exposure routes of cyanotoxins and candidates for cyanotoxin treatment methods that can be applied to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; .,Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; .,Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
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26
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Hamidou Soumana I, Linz B, Harvill ET. Environmental Origin of the Genus Bordetella. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:28. [PMID: 28174558 PMCID: PMC5258731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Bordetella include human and animal pathogens that cause a variety of respiratory infections, including whooping cough in humans. Despite the long known ability to switch between a within-animal and an extra-host lifestyle under laboratory growth conditions, no extra-host niches of pathogenic Bordetella species have been defined. To better understand the distribution of Bordetella species in the environment, we probed the NCBI nucleotide database with the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequences from pathogenic Bordetella species. Bacteria of the genus Bordetella were frequently found in soil, water, sediment, and plants. Phylogenetic analyses of their 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that Bordetella recovered from environmental samples are evolutionarily ancestral to animal-associated species. Sequences from environmental samples had a significantly higher genetic diversity, were located closer to the root of the phylogenetic tree and were present in all 10 identified sequence clades, while only four sequence clades possessed animal-associated species. The pathogenic bordetellae appear to have evolved from ancestors in soil and/or water. We show that, despite being animal-adapted pathogens, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Bordetella hinzii have preserved the ability to grow and proliferate in soil. Our data implicate soil as a probable environmental origin of Bordetella species, including the animal-pathogenic lineages. Soil may further constitute an environmental niche, allowing for persistence and dissemination of the bacterial pathogens. Spread of pathogenic bordetellae from an environmental reservoir such as soil may potentially explain their wide distribution as well as frequent disease outbreaks that start without an obvious infectious source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illiassou Hamidou Soumana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA
| | - Bodo Linz
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
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27
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Microcystin-LR Biodegradation by Bacillus sp.: Reaction Rates and Possible Genes Involved in the Degradation. WATER 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/w8110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Li J, Li J, Shi G, Mei Z, Wang R, Li D. Discerning biodegradation and adsorption of microcystin-LR in a shallow semi-enclosed bay and bacterial community shifts in response to associated process. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 132:123-131. [PMID: 27294671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanobacteria pose serious risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health, to understand elimination pathways and mechanisms for MCs, especially in a shallow and semi-enclosed eutrophic area, is of great significance. This study succeed in discerning biodegradation and adsorption of microcystin-LR (MCLR) mediated by water and/or sediment in northern part of Meiliang Bay in Lake Taihu, China, and among the first to reveal the shifts of indigenous bacterial community composition in response to MCLR-biodegradation in sediment by Illumina high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Results confirmed that biodegradation predominantly governed MCLR elimination as compared to adsorption in study area. Through faster biodegradation with a rate of 49.21μgL(-1)d(-1), lake water contributed more to overall MCLR removal than sediment. Sediment also played indispensable role in MCLR removal via primarily biodegradation by indigenous community (a rate of 17.27μgL(-1)d(-1)) and secondarily adsorption (<20% of initial concentration). HTS analysis showed that indigenous community composition shifted with decreased phylogenetic diversity in response to sediment-mediated MCLR-biodegradation. Proteobacteria became predominant (39.34-86.78%) in overall composition after biodegradation, which was mostly contributed by sharp proliferation of β-proteobacteria (22.76-74.80%), and might closely link to MCLR-biodegradation in sediment. Moreover, the members of several genera belonging to α-proteobacteria, β-proteobacteria and γ-proteobacteria seemed to be key degraders because of their dominance or increasing population as MCLR degraded. This study expands understanding on natural elimination mechanism for MCs, and provides guidance to reduce MCs' biological risks and guarantee ecosystem safety in aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ji Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ge Shi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zulin Mei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dianyue Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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29
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Rastogi RP, Madamwar D, Incharoensakdi A. Bloom Dynamics of Cyanobacteria and Their Toxins: Environmental Health Impacts and Mitigation Strategies. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1254. [PMID: 26635737 PMCID: PMC4646972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ecologically one of the most prolific groups of phototrophic prokaryotes in both marine and freshwater habitats. Both the beneficial and detrimental aspects of cyanobacteria are of considerable significance. They are important primary producers as well as an immense source of several secondary products, including an array of toxic compounds known as cyanotoxins. Abundant growth of cyanobacteria in freshwater, estuarine, and coastal ecosystems due to increased anthropogenic eutrophication and global climate change has created serious concern toward harmful bloom formation and surface water contamination all over the world. Cyanobacterial blooms and the accumulation of several cyanotoxins in water bodies pose severe ecological consequences with high risk to aquatic organisms and global public health. The proper management for mitigating the worldwide incidence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms is crucial for maintenance and sustainable development of functional ecosystems. Here, we emphasize the emerging information on the cyanobacterial bloom dynamics, toxicology of major groups of cyanotoxins, as well as a perspective and integrative approach to their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P. Rastogi
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel UniversityAnand, India
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | - Datta Madamwar
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel UniversityAnand, India
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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30
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Wei H, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Yan Y, Liang G, Yin L, Pu Y. Electrospun polymer nanofibres as solid-phase extraction sorbents for extraction and quantification of microcystins. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:2796-2802. [PMID: 25978348 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1049213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun polymer nanofibres were used as novel solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents to extract and quantify the microcystins (MCs) including microcystin-RR (MC-RR) and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) from in-suit water samples. The parameters that influenced the extraction efficiency were studied, including the amount of nanofibre, eluted solvent, eluted volume, pH, and the water sample volume. Under optimized conditions, a linear response for MC-RR and MC-LR over the range of 0.25-4 µg/L was achieved with r(2) values of 0.998 and 0.997, respectively. The extraction recovery of MC-RR and MC-LR was 97-102% and 98-100%, respectively, when the MC concentration was 0.25-4 µg/L. When their concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.25 µg/L, the MCs could be detected with high accuracy by the nanofibre SPE sorbent combined with nitrogen gas. Due to its simplicity, environment-friendliness, high efficiency, reusability, and sensitivity, the electrospun polymer nanofibre can be applied as a novel SPE sorbent to extract and detect the MCs from in-suit water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiYan Wei
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education , School of Public Health, Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yang
- b Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- c Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education , Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , People's Republic of China
| | - YuanLong Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education , School of Public Health, Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- c Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education , Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , People's Republic of China
| | - GeYu Liang
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education , School of Public Health, Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - LiHong Yin
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education , School of Public Health, Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - YuePu Pu
- a Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education , School of Public Health, Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
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31
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Li J, Shimizu K, Akasako H, Lu Z, Akiyama S, Goto M, Utsumi M, Sugiura N. Assessment of the factors contributing to the variations in microcystins biodegradability of the biofilms on a practical biological treatment facility. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 175:463-472. [PMID: 25459856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study revealed the biotic and abiotic parameters driving the variations in microcystins (MCs) biodegradability of a practical biological treatment facility (BTF). Results showed that similar trends of seasonal variation were seen for microcystin-LR (MCLR) biodegradability of biofilms on the BTF and indigenous MCLR-degrader population, where both peaks co-occurred in October, following the peaks of natural MCLR concentration and water temperature observed in August. The lag period might be required for accumulation of MCLR-degraders and MCLR-degrading enzyme activity. The MCLR-degrader population was correlated to temperature, MCLR and chlorophyll-a concentration in water where the biofilms submerged, indicating that these abiotic and biotic parameters exerted direct and/or indirect influences on seasonal variation in MCLR-biodegradability. In comparison, no effect of other co-existing MCs on biodegradation of one MC was observed. However, proliferation of MC-degraders along biodegradation processes positively responded to total amount of MCs, suggesting that multiple MCs contributed additively to MC-degrader proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Haruna Akasako
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shohei Akiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Masafumi Goto
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Motoo Utsumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Norio Sugiura
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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