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Liu Y, Zhang H, Feng W, Lin X, Gao A, Cao Y, Yang Q, Wang Y, Li W, Fu F, Yu H. The Maize ZmBES1/BZR1-9 Transcription Factor Accelerates Flowering in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2995. [PMID: 37631206 PMCID: PMC10459471 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In model plants, the BRI1-EMS suppressor 1 (BES1)/brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1) transcription factors play vital roles in regulating growth, development, and stimuli response. However, the roles of maize ZmBES1/BZR1 members are largely unknown. In this research, the ZmBES1/BZR1-9 gene was ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis and rice for the phenotyping of flowering. We found that the complementation and overexpression of ZmBES1/BZR1-9 in bes1-D mutant and wild type Arabidopsis both resulted in early flowering that was about 10 days shorter than in the untransformed control under long-day conditions. In addition, there was no difference in the rosette leaf number between all transgenic lines and the control. Subsequently, the ZmBES1/BZR1-9 gene was overexpressed in rice. It was found that overexpression lines of rice exhibited early flowering with heading dates that were 8 days shorter compared with untransformed plants. Moreover, the results of RNA-seq and qRT-PCR showed that five flowering-regulated genes, namely At2-MMP, AtPCC1, AtMYB56, AtPELPK1, and AtPRP10, were significantly up-regulated in all complementary and overexpressing lines of Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, the results of RNA-seq showed that 69 and 33 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up- and down-regulated in transgenic rice, respectively. Four flowering-related genes, namely OsGA20OX1, OsCCR19, OsBTBN19, and OsRNS4 were significantly up-regulated in transgenic lines. To sum up, our findings demonstrate that ZmBES1/BZR1-9 is involved in controlling flowering and provide insights into further underlying roles of BES1/BZR1s in regulating growth and development in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haoqiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Ding Q, Liu H, Lin R, Wang Z, Jian S, Zhang M. Genome-wide functional characterization of Canavalia rosea cysteine-rich trans-membrane module (CrCYSTM) genes to reveal their potential protective roles under extreme abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107786. [PMID: 37257408 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich transmembrane module (CYSTM) proteins constitute small molecular protein families and have been identified across eukaryotes, including yeast, humans, and several plant species. Plant CYSTMs play vital roles in growth regulation, development, phytohormone signal transduction, pathogen defense, environmental stress response, and even heavy metal binding and detoxification. Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC is a perennial halophyte with great semi-arid and saline-alkali tolerance. In this study, the CrCYSTM family including 10 members were identified in the C. rosea genome, with the purpose of clarifying the possible roles of CrCYSTMs in C. rosea plants development and stress resistance. The phylogenetic relationships, exon-intron structure, domain structure, chromosomal localization, and putative cis-acting elements in promoter regions were predicted and analyzed. Transcriptome analysis combined with quantitative reverse transcription PCR showed that different CrCYSTM members exhibited varied expression patterns in different tissues and under different abiotic stress challenges. In addition, several CrCYSTMs were cloned and functionally characterized for their roles in abiotic stress tolerance with yeast expression system. Overall, these findings provide a foundation for functionally characterizing plant CYSTMs to unravel their possible roles in the adaptation of C. rosea to tropical coral reefs. Our results also lay the foundation for further research on the roles of plant CYSTM genes in abiotic stress signaling, especially for heavy metal detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany&South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany&South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ruoyi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany&South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China; Dongguan Research Institute of Forestry/Forest Ecosystem Research Station in City Cluster of the Pearl River Estuary, Dongguan, 523106, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany&South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems&Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystem, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shuguang Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany&South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems&Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystem, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany&South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ATL9 Affects Expression of Defense Related Genes, Cell Death and Callose Deposition in Response to Fungal Infection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11010068. [PMID: 35056016 PMCID: PMC8778023 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants use diverse strategies to defend themselves from biotic stresses in nature, which include the activation of defense gene expression and a variety of signal transduction pathways. Previous studies have shown that protein ubiquitination plays a critical role in plant defense responses, however the details of its function remain unclear. Our previous work has shown that increasing expression levels of ATL9, an E3 ubiquitin ligase in Arabidopsis thaliana, increased resistance to infection by the fungal pathogen, Golovinomyces cichoracearum. In this study, we demonstrate that the defense-related proteins PDF1.2, PCC1 and FBS1 directly interact with ATL9 and are targeted for degradation to the proteasome by ATL9. The expression levels of PDF1.2, PCC1 and FBS1 are decreased in T-DNA insertional mutants of atl9 and T-DNA insertional mutants of pdf1.2, pcc1 and fbs1 are more susceptible to fungal infection. In addition, callose is more heavily deposited at infection sites in the mutants of atl9, fbs1, pcc1 and pdf1.2. Overexpression of ATL9 and of mutants in fbs1, pcc1 and pdf1.2 showed increased levels of cell death during infection. Together these results indicate that ubiquitination, cell death and callose deposition may work together to enhance defense responses to fungal pathogens.
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Pereira Mendes M, Hickman R, Van Verk MC, Nieuwendijk NM, Reinstädler A, Panstruga R, Pieterse CMJ, Van Wees SCM. A family of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins is involved in plant disease resistance. PLANTA 2021; 253:102. [PMID: 33856567 PMCID: PMC8049917 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins (PCMs) in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance against biotrophic pathogens and stimulates hypocotyl growth, suggesting a potential role for PCMs in connecting both biological processes. Plants possess a sophisticated immune system to protect themselves against pathogen attack. The defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) is an important player in the plant immune gene regulatory network. Using RNA-seq time series data of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves treated with SA, we identified a largely uncharacterized SA-responsive gene family of eight members that are all activated in response to various pathogens or their immune elicitors and encode small proteins with cysteine-rich transmembrane domains. Based on their nucleotide similarity and chromosomal position, the designated Pathogen-induced Cysteine-rich transMembrane protein (PCM) genes were subdivided into three subgroups consisting of PCM1-3 (subgroup I), PCM4-6 (subgroup II), and PCM7-8 (subgroup III). Of the PCM genes, only PCM4 (also known as PCC1) has previously been implicated in plant immunity. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that most PCM proteins localize to the plasma membrane. Ectopic overexpression of the PCMs in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in all eight cases in enhanced resistance against the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. Additionally, overexpression of PCM subgroup I genes conferred enhanced resistance to the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The PCM-overexpression lines were found to be also affected in the expression of genes related to light signaling and development, and accordingly, PCM-overexpressing seedlings displayed elongated hypocotyl growth. These results point to a function of PCMs in both disease resistance and photomorphogenesis, connecting both biological processes, possibly via effects on membrane structure or activity of interacting proteins at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marciel Pereira Mendes
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Hickman
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel C Van Verk
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole M Nieuwendijk
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Reinstädler
- Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C M Van Wees
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Ghaemi R, Pourjam E, Safaie N, Verstraeten B, Mahmoudi SB, Mehrabi R, De Meyer T, Kyndt T. Molecular insights into the compatible and incompatible interactions between sugar beet and the beet cyst nematode. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:483. [PMID: 33092522 PMCID: PMC7583174 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) is an economically important crop that provides nearly one third of the global sugar production. The beet cyst nematode (BCN), Heterodera schachtii, causes major yield losses in sugar beet and other crops worldwide. The most effective and economic approach to control this nematode is growing tolerant or resistant cultivars. To identify candidate genes involved in susceptibility and resistance, the transcriptome of sugar beet and BCN in compatible and incompatible interactions at two time points was studied using mRNA-seq. RESULTS In the susceptible cultivar, most defense-related genes were induced at 4 dai while suppressed at 10 dai but in the resistant cultivar Nemakill, induction of genes involved in the plant defense response was observed at both time points. In the compatible interaction, alterations in phytohormone-related genes were detected. The effect of exogenous application of Methyl Jasmonate and ET-generator ethephon on susceptible plants was therefore investigated and the results revealed significant reduction in plant susceptibility. Genes putatively involved in the resistance of Nemakill were identified, such as genes involved in phenylpropanoid pathway and genes encoding CYSTM domain-containing proteins, F-box proteins, chitinase, galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase and CASP-like protein. Also, the transcriptome of the BCN was analyzed in infected root samples and several novel potential nematode effector genes were found. CONCLUSIONS Our data provides detailed insights into the plant and nematode transcriptional changes occurring during compatible and incompatible interactions between sugar beet and BCN. Many important genes playing potential roles in susceptibility or resistance of sugar beet against BCN, as well as some BCN effectors with a potential role as avr proteins were identified. In addition, our findings indicate the effective role of jasmonate and ethylene in enhancing sugar beet defense response against BCN. This research provides new molecular insights into the plant-nematode interactions that can be used to design novel management strategies against BCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Ghaemi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Pourjam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naser Safaie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bruno Verstraeten
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Seyed Bagher Mahmoudi
- Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Rahim Mehrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, P.O. Box 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Xu Y, Yu Z, Zhang S, Wu C, Yang G, Yan K, Zheng C, Huang J. CYSTM3 negatively regulates salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:395-406. [PMID: 30701352 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CYSTM3, a small mitochondrial protein, acts as a negative regulator in salt stress response by preventing Na+ efflux and disturbing reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Cysteine-rich transmembrane module (CYSTM) is a not well characterized small peptide family in plants. In this study, we identified a novel mitochondrion-localized CYSTM member CYSTM3 from Arabidopsis, which was ubiquitously expressed in different tissues and dramatically induced by salt stress. Transgenic plants overexpressing CYSTM3 (OE) displayed hypersensitivity to salt stress compared with wild type (WT) plants, whereas a knockout mutant cystm3 was more tolerant to high salinity than WT. Moreover, OE lines accumulated higher contents of Na+ and ROS than WT and cystm3 upon exposure to high salinity. Further analysis revealed that CYSTM3 could deter root Na+ efflux and inhibit the activities of a range of ROS scavenging enzymes in Arabidopsis. In addition, the transcripts of nuclear salt stress-responsive genes were over-activated in cystm3 than those in WT and OE lines. Taken together, Arabidopsis CYSTM3 acts as a negative regulator in salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zipeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Nozue K, Devisetty UK, Lekkala S, Mueller-Moulé P, Bak A, Casteel CL, Maloof JN. Network Analysis Reveals a Role for Salicylic Acid Pathway Components in Shade Avoidance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1720-1732. [PMID: 30348816 PMCID: PMC6288734 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants have sophisticated mechanisms for sensing neighbor shade. To maximize their ability to compete for light, plants respond to shade through enhanced elongation and physiological changes. The shade avoidance response affects many different organs and growth stages, yet the signaling pathways underlying this response have mostly been studied in seedlings. We assayed transcriptome changes in response to shade across a 2-d time course in the wild type and 12 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants. The resulting temporal map of transcriptional responses to shade defines early and late responses in adult plants, enabling us to determine connections between key signaling genes and downstream responses. We found a pervasive and unexpectedly strong connection between shade avoidance and genes related to salicylic acid, suggesting salicylic acid signaling to be an important shade avoidance growth regulator. We tested this connection and found that several mutants disrupting salicylic acid levels or signaling were defective in shade avoidance. The effect of these mutations on shade avoidance was specific to petiole elongation; neither hypocotyl nor flowering time responses were altered, thereby defining important stage-specific differences in the downstream shade avoidance signaling pathway. Shade treatment did not change salicylic acid levels, indicating that the mediation of shade avoidance by salicylic acid is not dependent on the modulation of salicylic acid levels. These results demonstrate that salicylic acid pathway genes also are key components of petiole shade avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Nozue
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | | | - Saradadevi Lekkala
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | | | - Aurélie Bak
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Clare L Casteel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Julin N Maloof
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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Andreeva N, Kulakovskaya E, Zvonarev A, Penin A, Eliseeva I, Teterina A, Lando A, Kulakovskiy IV, Kulakovskaya T. Transcriptome profile of yeast reveals the essential role of PMA2 and uncharacterized gene YBR056W-A (MNC1) in adaptation to toxic manganese concentration. Metallomics 2017; 9:175-182. [PMID: 28128390 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00210b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of S. cerevisiae to toxic concentrations of manganese provides a physiological model of heavy metal homeostasis. Transcriptome analysis of adapted yeast cells reveals upregulation of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins including membrane transporters. The gene expression in adapted cells differs from that of cells under short-term toxic metal stress. Among the most significantly upregulated genes are PMA2, encoding an ortholog of Pma1 H+-ATPase of the plasma membrane, and YBR056W-A, encoding a putative membrane protein Mnc1 that belongs to the CYSTM family and presumably chelates manganese at the cell surface. We demonstrate that these genes are essential for the adaptation to toxic manganese concentration and propose an extended scheme of manganese detoxification in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Andreeva
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
| | - E Kulakovskaya
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
| | - A Zvonarev
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
| | - A Penin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia and A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia and Laboratory of Extreme Biology, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Medicine, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420012, Russia and Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - I Eliseeva
- Group of Protein Biosynthesis Regulation, Institute of Protein Research, Institutskaya 4, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - A Teterina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina 3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russia
| | - A Lando
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina 3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russia and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - I V Kulakovskiy
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina 3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russia and Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russia.
| | - T Kulakovskaya
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
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Kazan K, Lyons R. The link between flowering time and stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:47-60. [PMID: 26428061 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary success in plants is largely dependent on the successful transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In the lifetime of a plant, flowering is not only an essential part of the reproductive process but also a critical developmental stage that can be vulnerable to environmental stresses. Exposure to stress during this period can cause substantial yield losses in seed-producing plants. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that altering flowering time is an evolutionary strategy adopted by plants to maximize the chances of reproduction under diverse stress conditions, ranging from pathogen infection to heat, salinity, and drought. Here, recent studies that have revealed new insights into how biotic and abiotic stress signals can be integrated into floral pathways are reviewed. A better understanding of how complex environmental variables affect plant phenology is important for future genetic manipulation of crops to increase productivity under the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Kazan
- CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lyons
- CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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