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Dölfors F, Ilbäck J, Bejai S, Fogelqvist J, Dixelius C. Nitrate transporter protein NPF5.12 and major latex-like protein MLP6 are important defense factors against Verticillium longisporum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4148-4164. [PMID: 38666306 PMCID: PMC11233413 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Plant defense responses to the soil-borne fungus Verticillium longisporum causing stem stripe disease on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) are poorly understood. In this study, a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) using the Arabidopsis accessions Sei-0 and Can-0 was established. Composite interval mapping, transcriptome data, and T-DNA mutant screening identified the NITRATE/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY 5.12 (AtNPF5.12) gene as being associated with disease susceptibility in Can-0. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed interaction between AtNPF5.12 and the MAJOR LATEX PROTEIN family member AtMLP6, and fluorescence microscopy confirmed this interaction in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was applied to mutate the NPF5.12 and MLP6 genes in B. napus. Elevated fungal growth in the npf5.12 mlp6 double mutant of both oilseed rape and Arabidopsis demonstrated the importance of these genes in defense against V. longisporum. Colonization of this fungus depends also on available nitrates in the host root. Accordingly, the negative effect of nitrate depletion on fungal growth was less pronounced in Atnpf5.12 plants with impaired nitrate transport. In addition, suberin staining revealed involvement of the NPF5.12 and MLP6 genes in suberin barrier formation. Together, these results demonstrate a dependency on multiple plant factors that leads to successful V. longisporum root infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Dölfors
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7080, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ilbäck
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7080, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7080, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Fogelqvist
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7080, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina Dixelius
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7080, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Kou X, Cao P, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Dai Y, Wang K, Wu J, Zhang S. Comparative genomic analysis of the RabGAP gene family in seven Rosaceae species, and functional identification of PbrRabGAP10 in controlling pollen tube growth by mediating cellulose deposition in pear. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128498. [PMID: 38042315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Rab GTPase-activating proteins (RabGAPs), serving as crucial signaling switches, play essential roles in several physiological processes related to plant growth and development. However, despite their importance, information regarding the RabGAP gene family and their biological functions remains unknown in the Rosaceae. In this study, we identified a total of 127 RabGAP genes in seven Rosaceae species, which were divided into five subfamilies. Our findings indicate that whole genome duplication (WGD) events or dispersed duplication events largely contributed to the expansion of RabGAP family members within Rosaceae species. Through tissue-specific expression analyses, we revealed that the PbrRabGAP genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in different pear tissues. Furthermore, by examining the expression pattern during pollen development and employing an antisense oligonucleotide approach, we demonstrated that PbrRabGAP10, located in the cytoplasm, mediates the imbalance of cellulose distribution, thus regulating pollen tube elongation. In conclusion, the present study offers an overview of the RabGAP family in Rosaceae genomes and serves as the basis for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Kou
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Faculty of Applied Technology, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Juyou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Ali M, Ahmad H, Amin B, Atif MJ, Cheng Z. Induce defense response of DADS in eggplants during the biotrophic phase of Verticillium dahliae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:172. [PMID: 35379184 PMCID: PMC8981950 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Verticillium wilt is a destructive vascular disease in eggplants. The complex defensive mechanisms of eggplant against this disease are very limited. METHODS Our work examined the bioactive properties of garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide (DADS) as potential biostimulants for defense against V. dahliae in eggplant seedlings. We, therefore, foliar sprayed DADS on eggplants to study the defense response during the early biotrophic phase of V. dahliae (a hemibiotroph). RESULTS DADS application significantly increased root peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activity, and reduced H2O2 levels after 24 h of fungal inoculation. Salicylic acid (SA) in leaves and roots was significantly increased while, the jasmonic acid (JA), indole acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were decreased. The microscopic examinations of V. dahliae infection in roots displayed that the progression of infection was restricted in DADS-treated plants. Depositions of lignin and phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid content were significantly higher in DADS-treated plants at 48 h post-inoculation. Similarly, the DADS application up-regulated pathogenesis-related (PR1, PR2, and PR5), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK1), and lipoxygenase (LOX) genes. Furthermore, DADS-treated plants exhibited a lower disease severity index (23.3% vs. 57.0% in controls), indicating successful defense against V. dahliae. CONCLUSIONS Our findings concluded that the biological function of garlic allelochemical DADS has a prominent role in the higher defense resistance of eggplants during the early infection of V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Husain Ahmad
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bakht Amin
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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4
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Interactome of Arabidopsis Thaliana. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030350. [PMID: 35161331 PMCID: PMC8838453 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
More than 95,000 protein–protein interactions of Arabidopsis thaliana have been published and deposited in databases. This dataset was supplemented by approximately 900 additional interactions, which were identified in the literature from the years 2002–2021. These protein–protein interactions were used as the basis for a Cytoscape network and were supplemented with data on subcellular localization, gene ontologies, biochemical properties and co-expression. The resulting network has been exemplarily applied in unraveling the PPI-network of the plant vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase), which was selected due to its central importance for the plant cell. In particular, it is involved in cellular pH homeostasis, providing proton motive force necessary for transport processes, trafficking of proteins and, thereby, cell wall synthesis. The data points to regulation taking place on multiple levels: (a) a phosphorylation-dependent regulation by 14-3-3 proteins and by kinases such as WNK8 and NDPK1a, (b) an energy-dependent regulation via HXK1 and the glucose receptor RGS1 and (c) a Ca2+-dependent regulation by SOS2 and IDQ6. The known importance of V-ATPase for cell wall synthesis is supported by its interactions with several proteins involved in cell wall synthesis. The resulting network was further analyzed for (experimental) biases and was found to be enriched in nuclear, cytosolic and plasma membrane proteins but depleted in extracellular and mitochondrial proteins, in comparison to the entity of protein-coding genes. Among the processes and functions, proteins involved in transcription were highly abundant in the network. Subnetworks were extracted for organelles, processes and protein families. The degree of representation of organelles and processes reveals limitations and advantages in the current knowledge of protein–protein interactions, which have been mainly caused by a high number of database entries being contributed by only a few publications with highly specific motivations and methodologies that favor, for instance, interactions in the cytosol and the nucleus.
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Schenke D, Cai D. Phytohormone crosstalk in the host-Verticillium interaction. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1803567. [PMID: 32772774 PMCID: PMC8550523 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1803567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomics can be applied to shed light on the Brassica napus - Verticillium interaction. RNAseq data indicated already that abscisic acid (ABA) is apparently involved in the early oilseed rape response to fungal infection with Verticillium longisporum isolate 43 (Vl43). A calreticulin (CRT1a) was identified as novel susceptibility factor for Vl43 infecting both Arabidopsis and oilseed rape. CRT1a is involved in calcium homeostasis and contributes in the endoplasmatic reticulum to the unfolded protein response. The latter function could either affect the correct folding of other susceptibility factors or of negative regulators in ethylene (ET) signaling. Which CRT1a function is affected in the mutants is currently unknown, but both hypotheses can explain that crt1a loss-of-function mutants display increased resistance to V. longisporum and enhanced expression of ethylene signaling related genes. This indicates that besides other phytohormones such as ABA or salicylic acid (SA) also ET plays a critical role in the plant-Verticillium interaction, which might be exploited to improve plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schenke
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daguang Cai
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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6
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Dhar N, Chen JY, Subbarao KV, Klosterman SJ. Hormone Signaling and Its Interplay With Development and Defense Responses in Verticillium-Plant Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:584997. [PMID: 33250913 PMCID: PMC7672037 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.584997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Soilborne plant pathogenic species in the fungal genus Verticillium cause destructive Verticillium wilt disease on economically important crops worldwide. Since R gene-mediated resistance is only effective against race 1 of V. dahliae, fortification of plant basal resistance along with cultural practices are essential to combat Verticillium wilts. Plant hormones involved in cell signaling impact defense responses and development, an understanding of which may provide useful solutions incorporating aspects of basal defense. In this review, we examine the current knowledge of the interplay between plant hormones, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, auxin, and nitric oxide, and the defense responses and signaling pathways that contribute to resistance and susceptibility in Verticillium-host interactions. Though we make connections where possible to non-model systems, the emphasis is placed on Arabidopsis-V. dahliae and V. longisporum interactions since much of the research on this interplay is focused on these systems. An understanding of hormone signaling in Verticillium-host interactions will help to determine the molecular basis of Verticillium wilt progression in the host and potentially provide insight on alternative approaches for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhilesh Dhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA, United States
- Nikhilesh Dhar,
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Krishna V. Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA, United States
| | - Steven J. Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven J. Klosterman,
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Behrens FH, Schenke D, Hossain R, Ye W, Schemmel M, Bergmann T, Häder C, Zhao Y, Ladewig L, Zhu W, Cai D. Suppression of abscisic acid biosynthesis at the early infection stage of Verticillium longisporum in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1645-1661. [PMID: 31603283 PMCID: PMC6859492 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium longisporum infects oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and Arabidopsis thaliana. To investigate the early response of oilseed rape to the fungal infection, we determined transcriptomic changes in oilseed rape roots at 6 days post-inoculation (dpi) by RNA-Seq analysis, in which non-infected roots served as a control. Strikingly, a subset of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis was found to be down-regulated and the ABA level was accordingly attenuated in 6 dpi oilseed rape as compared with the control. Gene expression analysis revealed that this was mainly attributed to the suppression of BnNCED3-mediated ABA biosynthesis, involving, for example, BnWRKY57. However, this down-regulation of ABA biosynthesis could not be observed in infected Arabidopsis roots. Arabidopsis ABA- defective mutants nced3 and aao3 displayed pronounced tolerance to the fungal infection with delayed and impeded symptom development, even though fungal colonization was not affected in both mutants. These data suggest that ABA appears to be required for full susceptibility of Arabidopsis to the fungal infection. Furthermore, we found that in both 6 dpi oilseed rape and the Arabidopsis nced3 mutant, the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway was induced while the jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) signalling pathway was concomitantly mitigated. Following these data, we conclude that in oilseed rape the V. longisporum infection triggers a host-specific suppression of the NCED3-mediated ABA biosynthesis, consequently increasing plant tolerance to the fungal infection. We believe that this might be part of the virulence strategy of V. longisporum to initiate/establish a long-lasting compatible interaction with oilseed rape (coexistence), which appears to be different from the infection process in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk H. Behrens
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Dirk Schenke
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Roxana Hossain
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Wanzhi Ye
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Markus Schemmel
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Thomas Bergmann
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Claudia Häder
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Lena Ladewig
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Wenxuan Zhu
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Daguang Cai
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
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8
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The RabGAP Gene Family in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) and Wild Relatives: Identification, Interaction Networks, and Transcriptional Analysis during Plant Development and in Response to Salt Stress. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090638. [PMID: 31450820 PMCID: PMC6770026 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RabGTPase activating proteins (RabGAP) are responsible for directing the deactivation of vesicular trafficking master regulators associated to plant development, the RabGTPase proteins. Recently, RabGAPs were identified in Arabidopsis and rice, but studies were not yet reported in tomato. Herein, we identified 24 RabGAP-encoding genes in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and its wild relative genomes (Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum pennellii). We analyzed them based on their exon-intron structures, conserved protein motifs, putative subcellular localizations, phylogenetic and gene duplications analyses, interaction networks, and gene expression patterns in tomato. Phylogenetic relationship analysis also indicated that RabGAP family is classified into seven subclasses, of which subclasses I and II are plant-exclusive. Furthermore, segmental duplication events and positive evolutionary forces are associated with the maintenance of the number and function of their members. On the other hand, the protein–protein interaction networks on tomato suggested that members of subclasses I, II, and III could be associated to endocytic traffic routes. In addition, the qRT-PCR experiments in S. lycopersicum and Solanum chilense exposed to a salt stress treatment validated the differential expression patterns of 20 RabGAP genes in different tissues, development stages, and stress conditions obtained through extensive microarray-based analyses. This work suggests the critical role of RabGAP family in the context of intracellular vesicular trafficking in tomato, particularly under conditions of abiotic stress. It also contributes to the breeding programs associated with the development of crops tolerant to salt stress.
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9
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Corpas FJ, Del Río LA, Palma JM. Plant peroxisomes at the crossroad of NO and H 2 O 2 metabolism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:803-816. [PMID: 30609289 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are subcellular compartments involved in many biochemical pathways during the life cycle of a plant but also in the mechanism of response against adverse environmental conditions. These organelles have an active nitro-oxidative metabolism under physiological conditions but this could be exacerbated under stress situations. Furthermore, peroxisomes have the capacity to proliferate and also undergo biochemical adaptations depending on the surrounding cellular status. An important characteristic of peroxisomes is that they have a dynamic metabolism of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) which generates two key molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). These molecules can exert signaling functions by means of post-translational modifications that affect the functionality of target molecules like proteins, peptides or fatty acids. This review provides an overview of the endogenous metabolism of ROS and RNS in peroxisomes with special emphasis on polyamine and uric acid metabolism as well as the possibility that these organelles could be a source of signal molecules involved in the functional interconnection with other subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Del Río
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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10
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Grossman A, Sanz-Luque E, Yi H, Yang W. Building the GreenCut2 suite of proteins to unmask photosynthetic function and regulation. Microbiology (Reading) 2019; 165:697-718. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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11
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Scholz SS, Schmidt-Heck W, Guthke R, Furch ACU, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Oelmüller R. Verticillium dahliae-Arabidopsis Interaction Causes Changes in Gene Expression Profiles and Jasmonate Levels on Different Time Scales. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:217. [PMID: 29497409 PMCID: PMC5819561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne vascular pathogen that causes severe wilt symptoms in a wide range of plants. Co-culture of the fungus with Arabidopsis roots for 24 h induces many changes in the gene expression profiles of both partners, even before defense-related phytohormone levels are induced in the plant. Both partners reprogram sugar and amino acid metabolism, activate genes for signal perception and transduction, and induce defense- and stress-responsive genes. Furthermore, analysis of Arabidopsis expression profiles suggests a redirection from growth to defense. After 3 weeks, severe disease symptoms can be detected for wild-type plants while mutants impaired in jasmonate synthesis and perception perform much better. Thus, plant jasmonates have an important influence on the interaction, which is already visible at the mRNA level before hormone changes occur. The plant and fungal genes that rapidly respond to the presence of the partner might be crucial for early recognition steps and the future development of the interaction. Thus they are potential targets for the control of V. dahliae-induced wilt diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra C U Furch
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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12
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Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are required for a number of fundamental physiological processes, such as primary and secondary metabolism, development and stress response. Indexing the dynamic peroxisome proteome is prerequisite to fully understanding the importance of these organelles. Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based proteome analysis has allowed the identification of novel peroxisomal proteins and pathways in a relatively high-throughput fashion and significantly expanded the list of proteins and biochemical reactions in plant peroxisomes. In this chapter, we summarize the experimental proteomic studies performed in plants, compile a list of ~200 confirmed Arabidopsis peroxisomal proteins, and discuss the diverse plant peroxisome functions with an emphasis on the role of Arabidopsis MS-based proteomics in discovering new peroxisome functions. Many plant peroxisome proteins and biochemical pathways are specific to plants, substantiating the complexity, plasticity and uniqueness of plant peroxisomes. Mapping the full plant peroxisome proteome will provide a knowledge base for the improvement of crop production, quality and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Pan
- MSU-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jianping Hu
- MSU-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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13
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Tzelepis G, Bejai S, Sattar MN, Schwelm A, Ilbäck J, Fogelqvist J, Dixelius C. Detection of Verticillium species in Swedish soils using real-time PCR. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:1383-1389. [PMID: 28741076 PMCID: PMC5663805 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium species are soilborne plant pathogens, responsible for big yield losses worldwide. Here, we report improved procedures to generate DNA from Verticillium species imbedded in farm soils. Using new genomic sequence information, primers for V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum, V. tricorpus, and V. longisporum were designed. In a survey of 429 samples from intensively farmed soil of two Swedish regions, only V. dahliae and V. longisporum were identified. A bias towards V. longisporum (40%) was seen in the south, whereas V. dahliae was more frequent in the western region (19%). Analyses of soil and leaf samples from 20 sugar beet fields, where foliar wilting had been observed, revealed V. dahliae DNA in all leaf and soil samples and V. longisporum in 18 soil samples, illustrating host choice and longevity of the V. longisporum microsclerotia. This study demonstrates the applicability of new molecular diagnostic tools that are important for growers of variable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tzelepis
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Naeem Sattar
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAGS), University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Box. 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arne Schwelm
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ilbäck
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Food Agency, Sweden, Box 622, 751 26, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Fogelqvist
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina Dixelius
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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The small GTPase, nucleolar GTP-binding protein 1 (NOG1), has a novel role in plant innate immunity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9260. [PMID: 28835689 PMCID: PMC5569028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant defense responses at stomata and apoplast are the most important early events during plant-bacteria interactions. The key components for the signaling of stomatal defense and nonhost resistance have not been fully characterized. Here we report the newly identified small GTPase, Nucleolar GTP-binding protein 1 (NOG1), functions for plant immunity against bacterial pathogens. Virus-induced gene silencing of NOG1 compromised nonhost resistance in N. benthamiana and tomato. Comparative genomic analysis showed that two NOG1 copies are present in all known plant species: NOG1-1 and NOG1-2. Gene downregulation and overexpression studies of NOG1-1 and NOG1-2 in Arabidopsis revealed the novel function of these genes in nonhost resistance and stomatal defense against bacterial pathogens, respectively. Specially, NOG1-2 regulates guard cell signaling in response to biotic and abiotic stimuli through jasmonic acid (JA)- and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated pathways. The results here provide valuable information on the new functional role of small GTPase, NOG1, in guard cell signaling and early plant defense in response to bacterial pathogens.
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15
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Reumann S, Bartel B. Plant peroxisomes: recent discoveries in functional complexity, organelle homeostasis, and morphological dynamics. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 34:17-26. [PMID: 27500947 PMCID: PMC5161562 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are essential for life in plants. These organelles house a variety of metabolic processes that generate and inactivate reactive oxygen species. Our knowledge of pathways and mechanisms that depend on peroxisomes and their constituent enzymes continues to grow, and in this review we highlight recent advances in understanding the identity and biological functions of peroxisomal enzymes and metabolic processes. We also review how peroxisomal matrix and membrane proteins enter the organelle from their sites of synthesis. Peroxisome homeostasis is regulated by specific degradation mechanisms, and we discuss the contributions of specialized autophagy and a peroxisomal protease to the degradation of entire peroxisomes and peroxisomal enzymes that are damaged or superfluous. Finally, we review how peroxisomes can flexibly change their morphology to facilitate inter-organellar contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Reumann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Infection Biology, Biocentre Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany; Centre for Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Bonnie Bartel
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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Häffner E, Diederichsen E. Belowground Defence Strategies Against Verticillium Pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42319-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Toueni M, Ben C, Le Ru A, Gentzbittel L, Rickauer M. Quantitative Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Medicago truncatula Involves Eradication of the Fungus from Roots and Is Associated with Transcriptional Responses Related to Innate Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1431. [PMID: 27746789 PMCID: PMC5041324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance mechanisms to Verticillium wilt are well-studied in tomato, cotton, and Arabidopsis, but much less in legume plants. Because legume plants establish nitrogen-fixing symbioses in their roots, resistance to root-attacking pathogens merits particular attention. The interaction between the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium alfalfae and the model legume Medicago truncatula was investigated using a resistant (A17) and a susceptible (F83005.5) line. As shown by histological analyses, colonization by the pathogen was initiated similarly in both lines. Later on, the resistant line A17 eliminated the fungus, whereas the susceptible F83005.5 became heavily colonized. Resistance in line A17 does not involve homologs of the well-characterized tomato Ve1 and V. dahliae Ave1 genes. A transcriptomic study of early root responses during initial colonization (i.e., until 24 h post-inoculation) similarly was performed. Compared to the susceptible line, line A17 displayed already a significantly higher basal expression of defense-related genes prior to inoculation, and responded to infection with up-regulation of only a small number of genes. Although fungal colonization was still low at this stage, the susceptible line F83005.5 exhibited a disorganized response involving a large number of genes from different functional classes. The involvement of distinct phytohormone signaling pathways in resistance as suggested by gene expression patterns was supported by experiments with plant hormone pretreatment before fungal inoculation. Gene co-expression network analysis highlighted five main modules in the resistant line, whereas no structured gene expression was found in the susceptible line. One module was particularly associated to the inoculation response in A17. It contains the majority of differentially expressed genes, genes associated with PAMP perception and hormone signaling, and transcription factors. An in silico analysis showed that a high number of these genes also respond to other soil-borne pathogens in M. truncatula, suggesting a core of transcriptional response to root pathogens. Taken together, the results suggest that resistance in M. truncatula line A17 might be due to innate immunity combining preformed defense and PAMP-triggered defense mechanisms, and putative involvement of abscisic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoulida Toueni
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPSToulouse, France
| | - Cécile Ben
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPSToulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Le Ru
- Research Federation “Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité”Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Depotter JRL, Deketelaere S, Inderbitzin P, Tiedemann AV, Höfte M, Subbarao KV, Wood TA, Thomma BPHJ. Verticillium longisporum, the invisible threat to oilseed rape and other brassicaceous plant hosts. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:1004-16. [PMID: 26663851 PMCID: PMC6638321 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The causal agents of Verticillium wilts are globally distributed pathogens that cause significant crop losses every year. Most Verticillium wilts are caused by V. dahliae, which is pathogenic on a broad range of plant hosts, whereas other pathogenic Verticillium species have more restricted host ranges. In contrast, V. longisporum appears to prefer brassicaceous plants and poses an increasing problem to oilseed rape production. TAXONOMY Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Class Sordariomycetes; Subclass Hypocreomycetida; Family Plectosphaerellaceae; genus Verticillium. DISEASE SYMPTOMS Dark unilateral stripes appear on the stems of apparently healthy looking oilseed rape plants at the end of the growing season. Microsclerotia are subsequently formed in the stem cortex beneath the epidermis. GENOME Verticillium longisporum is the only non-haploid species in the Verticillium genus, as it is an amphidiploid hybrid that carries almost twice as much genetic material as the other Verticillium species as a result of interspecific hybridization. DISEASE MANAGEMENT There is no effective fungicide treatment to control Verticillium diseases, and resistance breeding is the preferred strategy for disease management. However, only a few Verticillium wilt resistance genes have been identified, and monogenic resistance against V. longisporum has not yet been found. Quantitative resistance exists mainly in the Brassica C-genome of parental cabbage lines and may be introgressed in oilseed rape breeding lines. COMMON NAME Oilseed rape colonized by V. longisporum does not develop wilting symptoms, and therefore the common name of Verticillium wilt is unsuitable for this crop. Therefore, we propose 'Verticillium stem striping' as the common name for Verticillium infections of oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper R L Depotter
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Crops and Agronomy, National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Silke Deketelaere
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure links 653, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrik Inderbitzin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Andreas Von Tiedemann
- Department of Crop Sciences, Plant Pathology and Crop Protection Division, Georg-August University Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure links 653, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Krishna V Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Thomas A Wood
- Department of Crops and Agronomy, National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Bart P H J Thomma
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Small GTPases in peroxisome dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1006-13. [PMID: 26775587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we summarize current knowledge on peroxisome biogenesis/functions and the role that small GTPases may play in these processes. Precise intracellular distribution of cell organelles requires their regulated association to microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton. In this respect, RhoGDP/RhoGTP favor binding of peroxisomes to microtubules and actin filaments. In its GTP-bound form, RhoA activates a regulatory cascade involving Rho kinaseII and non-muscle myosinIIA. Such interactions frequently depend on phosphoinositides (PIs) of which PI4P, PI(4,5)P2, and PI(3,5)P2 were found to be present in the peroxisomal membrane. PIs are pivotal determinants of intracellular signaling and known to regulate a wide range of cellular functions. In many of these functions, small GTPases are implicated. The small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), for example, is known to stimulate synthesis of PI4P and PI(4,5)P2 on the Golgi to regulate protein and lipid sorting. In vitro binding assays localized Arf1 and the COPI complex to peroxisomes. In light of the recent discussion of pre-peroxisomal vesicle generation at the ER, peroxisomal Arf1-COPI vesicles may serve retrograde transport of ER-resident components. A mass spectrometric screen localized various Rab proteins to peroxisomes. Overexpression of these proteins in combination with laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy co-localized Rab6, Rab8, Rab10, Rab14, and Rab18 with peroxisomal structures. By analogy to the role these proteins play in other organelle dynamics, we may envisage what the function of these proteins may be in relation to the peroxisomal compartment.
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20
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Witzel K, Hanschen FS, Klopsch R, Ruppel S, Schreiner M, Grosch R. Verticillium longisporum infection induces organ-specific glucosinolate degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:508. [PMID: 26217360 PMCID: PMC4498036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The species Verticillium represents a group of highly destructive fungal pathogens, responsible for vascular wilt in a number of crops. The host response to infection by Verticillium longisporum at the level of secondary plant metabolites has not been well explored. Natural variation in the glucosinolate (GLS) composition of four Arabidopsis thaliana accessions was characterized: the accessions Bur-0 and Hi-0 accumulated alkenyl GLS, while 3-hydroxypropyl GLS predominated in Kn-0 and Ler-0. With respect to GLS degradation products, Hi-0 and Kn-0 generated mainly isothiocyanates, whereas Bur-0 released epithionitriles and Ler-0 nitriles. An analysis of the effect on the composition of both GLS and its breakdown products in the leaf and root following the plants' exposure to V. longisporum revealed a number of organ- and accession-specific alterations. In the less disease susceptible accessions Bur-0 and Ler-0, colonization depressed the accumulation of GLS in the rosette leaves but accentuated it in the roots. In contrast, in the root, the level of GLS breakdown products in three of the four accessions fell, suggestive of their conjugation or binding to a fungal target molecule(s). The plant-pathogen interaction influenced both the organ- and accession-specific formation of GLS degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Witzel
- *Correspondence: Katja Witzel, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany,
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21
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De Coninck B, Timmermans P, Vos C, Cammue BPA, Kazan K. What lies beneath: belowground defense strategies in plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:91-101. [PMID: 25307784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens result worldwide in significant yield losses in economically important crops. In contrast to foliar diseases, relatively little is known about the nature of root defenses against these pathogens. This review summarizes the current knowledge on root infection strategies, root-specific preformed barriers, pathogen recognition, and defense signaling. Studies reviewed here suggest that many commonalities as well as differences exist in defense strategies employed by roots and foliar tissues during pathogen attack. Importantly, in addition to pathogens, plant roots interact with a plethora of non-pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms. Therefore, a good understanding of how plant roots interact with the microbiome would be particularly important to engineer resistance to root pathogens without negatively altering root-beneficial microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara De Coninck
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Timmermans
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Christine Vos
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Kemal Kazan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture Flagship, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, 4067, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
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22
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Roos J, Bejai S, Mozūraitis R, Dixelius C. Susceptibility to Verticillium longisporum is linked to monoterpene production by TPS23/27 in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:572-85. [PMID: 25640950 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Verticillium longisporum is a soil-borne plant pathogen of increasing economic importance, and information on plant responses to it is limited. To identify the genes and components involved in the early stages of infection, transcripts in roots of V. longisporum-challenged Arabidopsis Col-0 and the susceptible NON-RACE SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (ndr1-1) mutant were compared using ATH1 gene chips. The analysis revealed altered transcript levels of several terpene biosynthesis genes, including the monoterpene synthase TPS23/27. When transgenic 35S:TPS23/27 and TPS23/27-amiRNA plants were monitored the over-expresser line showed enhanced fungal colonization whereas the silenced genotype was indistinguishable from Col-0. Transcript analysis of terpene biosynthesis genes suggested that only the TPS23/27 pathway is affected in the two transgenic genotypes. To confirm changes in monoterpene production, emitted volatiles were determined using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Levels of all identified TPS23/27 monoterpene products were significantly altered in the transgenic plants. A stimulatory effect on conidial germination and hyphal growth of V. longisporum was also seen in co-cultivation with 35S:TPS23/27 plants and upon exposure to 1,8-cineole, the main product of TPS23/27. Methyl jasmonate treatments of myc2-1 and myc2-2 mutants and analysis of TPS23/27:uidA in the myc2-2 background suggested a dependence on jasmonic acid mediated by the transcription factor MYC2. Taken together, our results show that TPS23/27-produced monoterpenes stimulate germination and subsequent invasion of V. longisporum in Arabidopsis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Roos
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Sun C, Shao Y, Vahabi K, Lu J, Bhattacharya S, Dong S, Yeh KW, Sherameti I, Lou B, Baldwin IT, Oelmüller R. The beneficial fungus Piriformospora indica protects Arabidopsis from Verticillium dahliae infection by downregulation plant defense responses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:268. [PMID: 25297988 PMCID: PMC4198706 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium dahliae (Vd) is a soil-borne vascular pathogen which causes severe wilt symptoms in a wide range of plants. The microsclerotia produced by the pathogen survive in soil for more than 15 years. RESULTS Here we demonstrate that an exudate preparation induces cytoplasmic calcium elevation in Arabidopsis roots, and the disease development requires the ethylene-activated transcription factor EIN3. Furthermore, the beneficial endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica (Pi) significantly reduced Vd-mediated disease development in Arabidopsis. Pi inhibited the growth of Vd in a dual culture on PDA agar plates and pretreatment of Arabidopsis roots with Pi protected plants from Vd infection. The Pi-pretreated plants grew better after Vd infection and the production of Vd microsclerotia was dramatically reduced, all without activating stress hormones and defense genes in the host. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Pi is an efficient biocontrol agent that protects Arabidopsis from Vd infection. Our data demonstrate that Vd growth is restricted in the presence of Pi and the additional signals from Pi must participate in the regulation of the immune response against Vd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- />Institute of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yongqi Shao
- />Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Khabat Vahabi
- />Institute of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jing Lu
- />Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- />Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Samik Bhattacharya
- />Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sheqin Dong
- />College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- />Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Irena Sherameti
- />Institute of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Binggan Lou
- />Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- />Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- />Institute of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Luo X, Xie C, Dong J, Yang X, Sui A. Interactions between Verticillium dahliae and its host: vegetative growth, pathogenicity, plant immunity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6921-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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