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Abd El-Daim IA, Bejai S, Meijer J. Bacillus velezensis 5113 Induced Metabolic and Molecular Reprogramming during Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Wheat. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16282. [PMID: 31704956 PMCID: PMC6841942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are main limiting factors for agricultural production around the world. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been shown to improve abiotic stress tolerance in several plants. However, the molecular and physiological changes connected with PGPR priming of stress management are poorly understood. The present investigation aimed to explore major metabolic and molecular changes connected with the ability of Bacillus velezensis 5113 to mediate abiotic stress tolerance in wheat. Seedlings treated with Bacillus were exposed to heat, cold/freezing or drought stress. Bacillus improved wheat survival in all stress conditions. SPAD readings showed higher chlorophyll content in 5113-treated stressed seedlings. Metabolite profiling using NMR and ESI-MS provided evidences for metabolic reprograming in 5113-treated seedlings and showed that several common stress metabolites were significantly accumulated in stressed wheat. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of wheat leaves resolved more than 300 proteins of which several were differentially expressed between different treatments and that cold stress had a stronger impact on the protein pattern compared to heat and drought. Peptides maps or sequences were used for database searches which identified several homologs. The present study suggests that 5113 treatment provides systemic effects that involve metabolic and regulatory functions supporting both growth and stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam A Abd El-Daim
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE75007, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. .,Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Meijer
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abd El-Daim IA, Bejai S, Fridborg I, Meijer J. Identifying potential molecular factors involved in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 5113 mediated abiotic stress tolerance in wheat. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2018; 20:271-279. [PMID: 29247572 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stressors are main limiting factors for agricultural production around the world. Plant growth-promoting bacteria have been successfully used to improve abiotic stress tolerance in several crops including wheat. However, the molecular changes involved in the improvement of stress management are poorly understood. The present investigation addressed some molecular factors involved in bacterially induced plant abiotic stress responses by identifying differentially expressed genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings treated with the beneficial bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum UCMB5113 prior to challenge with abiotic stress conditions such as heat, cold or drought. cDNA-AFLP analysis revealed differential expression of more than 200 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) in wheat leaves. Expression of selected TDFs was confirmed using RT-PCR. DNA sequencing of 31 differentially expressed TDFs revealed significant homology with both known and unknown genes in database searches. Virus-induced gene silencing of two abscisic acid-related TDFs showed different effects upon heat and drought stress. We conclude that treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens 5113 caused molecular modifications in wheat in order to induce tolerance against heat, cold and drought stress. Bacillus treatment provides systemic effects that involve metabolic and regulatory functions supporting both growth and stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Abd El-Daim
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - S Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Fridborg
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Meijer
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
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Fogelqvist J, Tzelepis G, Bejai S, Ilbäck J, Schwelm A, Dixelius C. Analysis of the hybrid genomes of two field isolates of the soil-borne fungal species Verticillium longisporum. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:14. [PMID: 29298673 PMCID: PMC5753508 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica plant species are attacked by a number of pathogens; among them, the ones with a soil-borne lifestyle have become increasingly important. Verticillium stem stripe caused by Verticillium longisporum is one example. This fungal species is thought to be of a hybrid origin, having a genome composed of combinations of lineages denominated A and D. In this study we report the draft genomes of 2 V. longisporum field isolates sequenced using the Illumina technology. Genomic characterization and lineage composition, followed by selected gene analysis to facilitate the comprehension of its genomic features and potential effector categories were performed. RESULTS The draft genomes of 2 Verticillium longisporum single spore isolates (VL1 and VL2) have an estimated ungapped size of about 70 Mb. The total number of protein encoding genes identified in VL1 was 20,793, whereas 21,072 gene models were predicted in VL2. The predicted genome size, gene contents, including the gene families coding for carbohydrate active enzymes were almost double the numbers found in V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were frequently distributed in the two genomes but the distribution of heterozygosity and depth was not independent. Further analysis of potential parental lineages suggests that the V. longisporum genome is composed of two parts, A1 and D1, where A1 is more ancient than the parental lineage genome D1, the latter being more closer related to V. dahliae. Presence of the mating-type genes MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 in the V. longisporum genomes were confirmed. However, the MAT genes in V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. longisporum have experienced extensive nucleotide changes at least partly explaining the present asexual nature of these fungal species. CONCLUSIONS The established draft genome of V. longisporum is comparatively large compared to other studied ascomycete fungi. Consequently, high numbers of genes were predicted in the two V. longisporum genomes, among them many secreted proteins and carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy) encoding genes. The genome is composed of two parts, where one lineage is more ancient than the part being more closely related to V. dahliae. Dissimilar mating-type sequences were identified indicating possible ancient hybridization events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Fogelqvist
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georgios Tzelepis
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ilbäck
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
- Present Address: National Food Agency, P.O. Box 622, 75126, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arne Schwelm
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina Dixelius
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Tzelepis G, Bejai S, Sattar MN, Schwelm A, Ilbäck J, Fogelqvist J, Dixelius C. Detection of Verticillium species in Swedish soils using real-time PCR. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:1383-1389. [PMID: 28741076 PMCID: PMC5663805 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium species are soilborne plant pathogens, responsible for big yield losses worldwide. Here, we report improved procedures to generate DNA from Verticillium species imbedded in farm soils. Using new genomic sequence information, primers for V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum, V. tricorpus, and V. longisporum were designed. In a survey of 429 samples from intensively farmed soil of two Swedish regions, only V. dahliae and V. longisporum were identified. A bias towards V. longisporum (40%) was seen in the south, whereas V. dahliae was more frequent in the western region (19%). Analyses of soil and leaf samples from 20 sugar beet fields, where foliar wilting had been observed, revealed V. dahliae DNA in all leaf and soil samples and V. longisporum in 18 soil samples, illustrating host choice and longevity of the V. longisporum microsclerotia. This study demonstrates the applicability of new molecular diagnostic tools that are important for growers of variable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tzelepis
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Naeem Sattar
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAGS), University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Box. 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arne Schwelm
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ilbäck
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Food Agency, Sweden, Box 622, 751 26, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Fogelqvist
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina Dixelius
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Asari S, Ongena M, Debois D, De Pauw E, Chen K, Bejai S, Meijer J. Insights into the molecular basis of biocontrol of Brassica pathogens by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UCMB5113 lipopeptides. Ann Bot 2017; 120:551-562. [PMID: 28961818 PMCID: PMC5737243 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Certain micro-organisms can improve plant protection against pathogens. The protective effect may be direct, e.g. due to antibiotic compounds, or indirect, by priming of plant defence as induced systemic resistance (ISR). The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UCMB5113 shows potential for disease management of oilseed rape. To investigate the mode of action of this protection, especially in relation to jasmonic acid-dependent ISR, Bacillus UCMB5113 was tested with Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and several important fungal pathogens of Brassica species. METHODS Secreted lipopeptide fractions from Bacillus UCMB5113, together with synthetic peptide mimics, were evaluated for their effects on fungal phytopathogens and A. thaliana . The structures of secreted lipopeptides were analysed using mass spectrometry. Plant mutants and reporter lines were used to identify signalling steps involved in disease suppression by lipopeptides. KEY RESULTS In plate tests Bacillus UCMB5113 and lipopeptide extracts suppressed growth of several fungal pathogens infecting Brassica plants. Separation of secreted lipopeptides using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed several fractions that inhibited fungal growth. Analysis by mass spectrometry identified the most potent compounds as novel linear forms of antifungal fengycins, with synthetic peptide mimics confirming the biological activity. Application of the lipopeptide extracts on Arabidopsis roots provided systemic protection against Alternaria brassicicola on leaves. Arabidopsis signalling mutants and PDF1.2 and VSP2 promoter-driven GUS lines indicated that the lipopeptide fraction involved jasmonic-acid-dependent host responses for suppression of fungal growth indicative of ISR. CONCLUSIONS The ability of Bacillus UCMB5113 to counteract pathogens using both antagonistic lipopeptides and through ISR provides a promising tool for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashidar Asari
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory, University of Liège/Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Delphine Debois
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Kunling Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Meijer
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Asari S, Tarkowská D, Rolčík J, Novák O, Palmero DV, Bejai S, Meijer J. Analysis of plant growth-promoting properties of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UCMB5113 using Arabidopsis thaliana as host plant. Planta 2017; 245:15-30. [PMID: 27541497 PMCID: PMC5226999 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This study showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UCMB5113 colonizing Arabidopsis roots changed root structure and promoted growth implying the usability of this strain as a novel tool to support sustainable crop production. Root architecture plays a crucial role for plants to ensure uptake of water, minerals and nutrients and to provide anchorage in the soil. The root is a dynamic structure with plastic growth and branching depending on the continuous integration of internal and environmental factors. The rhizosphere contains a complex microbiota, where some microbes can colonize plant roots and support growth and stress tolerance. Here, we report that the rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum UCMB5113 stimulated the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 by increased lateral root outgrowth and elongation and root-hair formation, although primary root elongation was inhibited. In addition, the growth of the above ground tissues was stimulated by UCMB5113. Specific hormone reporter gene lines were tested which suggested a role for at least auxin and cytokinin signaling during rhizobacterial modulation of Arabidopsis root architecture. UCMB5113 produced cytokinins and indole-3-acetic acid, and the formation of the latter was stimulated by root exudates and tryptophan. The plant growth promotion effect by UCMB5113 did not appear to depend on jasmonic acid in contrast to the disease suppression effect in plants. UCMB5113 exudates inhibited primary root growth, while a semi-purified lipopeptide fraction did not and resulted in the overall growth promotion indicating an interplay of many different bacterial compounds that affect the root growth of the host plant. This study illustrates that beneficial microbes interact with plants in root development via classic and novel signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashidar Asari
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, S75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rolčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Velázquez Palmero
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, S75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, S75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Meijer
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, S75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Asari S, Matzén S, Petersen MA, Bejai S, Meijer J. Multiple effects ofBacillus amyloliquefaciensvolatile compounds: plant growth promotion and growth inhibition of phytopathogens. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw070. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Roos J, Bejai S, Mozūraitis R, Dixelius C. Susceptibility to Verticillium longisporum is linked to monoterpene production by TPS23/27 in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2015; 81:572-85. [PMID: 25640950 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Verticillium longisporum is a soil-borne plant pathogen of increasing economic importance, and information on plant responses to it is limited. To identify the genes and components involved in the early stages of infection, transcripts in roots of V. longisporum-challenged Arabidopsis Col-0 and the susceptible NON-RACE SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (ndr1-1) mutant were compared using ATH1 gene chips. The analysis revealed altered transcript levels of several terpene biosynthesis genes, including the monoterpene synthase TPS23/27. When transgenic 35S:TPS23/27 and TPS23/27-amiRNA plants were monitored the over-expresser line showed enhanced fungal colonization whereas the silenced genotype was indistinguishable from Col-0. Transcript analysis of terpene biosynthesis genes suggested that only the TPS23/27 pathway is affected in the two transgenic genotypes. To confirm changes in monoterpene production, emitted volatiles were determined using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Levels of all identified TPS23/27 monoterpene products were significantly altered in the transgenic plants. A stimulatory effect on conidial germination and hyphal growth of V. longisporum was also seen in co-cultivation with 35S:TPS23/27 plants and upon exposure to 1,8-cineole, the main product of TPS23/27. Methyl jasmonate treatments of myc2-1 and myc2-2 mutants and analysis of TPS23/27:uidA in the myc2-2 background suggested a dependence on jasmonic acid mediated by the transcription factor MYC2. Taken together, our results show that TPS23/27-produced monoterpenes stimulate germination and subsequent invasion of V. longisporum in Arabidopsis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Roos
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Niazi A, Manzoor S, Asari S, Bejai S, Meijer J, Bongcam-Rudloff E. Genome analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Subsp. plantarum UCMB5113: a rhizobacterium that improves plant growth and stress management. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104651. [PMID: 25119988 PMCID: PMC4138018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain UCMB5113 is a Gram-positive rhizobacterium that can colonize plant roots and stimulate plant growth and defense based on unknown mechanisms. This reinforcement of plants may provide protection to various forms of biotic and abiotic stress. To determine the genetic traits involved in the mechanism of plant-bacteria association, the genome sequence of UCMB5113 was obtained by assembling paired-end Illumina reads. The assembled chromosome of 3,889,532 bp was predicted to encode 3,656 proteins. Genes that potentially contribute to plant growth promotion such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, acetoin synthesis and siderophore production were identified. Moreover, annotation identified putative genes responsible for non-ribosomal synthesis of secondary metabolites and genes supporting environment fitness of UCMB5113 including drug and metal resistance. A large number of genes encoding a diverse set of secretory proteins, enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism and carbohydrate active enzymes were found which reflect a high capacity to degrade various rhizosphere macromolecules. Additionally, many predicted membrane transporters provides the bacterium with efficient uptake capabilities of several nutrients. Although, UCMB5113 has the possibility to produce antibiotics and biosurfactants, the protective effect of plants to pathogens seems to be indirect and due to priming of plant induced systemic resistance. The availability of the genome enables identification of genes and their function underpinning beneficial interactions of UCMB5113 with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Niazi
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Shahid Manzoor
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shashidar Asari
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Meijer
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Niazi A, Manzoor S, Bejai S, Meijer J, Bongcam-Rudloff E. Complete genome sequence of a plant associated bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum UCMB5033. Stand Genomic Sci 2014; 9:718-25. [PMID: 25197456 PMCID: PMC4148973 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.4758653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum UCMB5033 is of special interest for its ability to promote host plant growth through production of stimulating compounds and suppression of soil borne pathogens by synthesizing antibacterial and antifungal metabolites or priming plant defense as induced systemic resistance. The genome of B. amyloliquefaciens UCMB5033 comprises a 4,071,167 bp long circular chromosome that consists of 3,912 protein-coding genes, 86 tRNA genes and 10 rRNA operons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Niazi
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shahid Manzoor
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden . ; University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Meijer
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Abd El-Daim IA, Bejai S, Meijer J. Improved heat stress tolerance of wheat seedlings by bacterial seed treatment. Plant Soil 2014; 379:337-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s11104-014-2063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Roos J, Bejai S, Oide S, Dixelius C. RabGAP22 is required for defense to the vascular pathogen Verticillium longisporum and contributes to stomata immunity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88187. [PMID: 24505423 PMCID: PMC3913773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium longisporum is a soil-borne pathogen with a preference for plants within the family Brassicaceae. Following invasion of the roots, the fungus proliferates in the plant vascular system leading to stunted plant growth, chlorosis and premature senescence. RabGTPases have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in regulating multiple responses in plants. Here, we report on the identification and characterization of the Rab GTPase-activating protein RabGAP22 gene from Arabidopsis, as an activator of multiple components in the immune responses to V. longisporum. RabGAP22Pro :GUS transgenic lines showed GUS expression predominantly in root meristems, vascular tissues and stomata, whereas the RabGAP22 protein localized in the nucleus. Reduced RabGAP22 transcript levels in mutants of the brassinolide (BL) signaling gene BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1, together with a reduction of fungal proliferation following BL pretreatment, suggested RabGAP22 to be involved in BL-mediated responses. Pull-down assays revealed serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT1) as an interacting partner during V. longisporum infection and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) showed the RabGAP22-AGT1 protein complex to be localized in the peroxisomes. Further, fungal-induced RabGAP22 expression was found to be associated with elevated endogenous levels of the plant hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA). An inadequate ABA response in rabgap22-1 mutants, coupled with a stomata-localized expression of RabGAP22 and impairment of guard cell closure in response to V. longisporum and Pseudomonas syringae, suggest that RabGAP22 has multiple roles in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Roos
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shinichi Oide
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology group, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Christina Dixelius
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
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Osman ME, Kasim WA, Omar MN, Abd El-Daim IA, Bejai S, Meijer J. Impact of bacterial priming on some stress tolerance mechanisms and growth of cold stressed wheat seedlings. Int J Plant Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.4081/pb.2013.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential to enhance growth of cold stressed wheat by seed treatment (priming) with the beneficial bacteria <em>Bacillus</em> <em>amyloliquefaciens</em> 5113 and <em>Azospirillum</em> <em>brasilense</em> NO40 were tested. Results showed an improved ability of bacteria-treated seedlings to survive at −5°C up to 12 h. Cold stress increased transcript levels of three stress marker genes and increased activity for the ascorbate-glutathione redox enzymes. However, primed and stressed seedlings generally showed smaller effects on the stress markers correlating with better growth and improved stress tolerance. Bacterial priming to improve crop plant performance at low temperature seems a useful strategy to explore further.
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Oide S, Bejai S, Staal J, Guan N, Kaliff M, Dixelius C. A novel role of PR2 in abscisic acid (ABA) mediated, pathogen-induced callose deposition in Arabidopsis thaliana. New Phytol 2013; 200:1187-99. [PMID: 23952213 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related protein 2 (PR2) is known to play a major role in plant defense and general stress responses. Resistance against the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans in Arabidopsis requires abscisic acid (ABA), which promotes the deposition of callose, a β-1,3-glucan polymer. Here, we examined the role of PR2 in callose deposition in relation to ABA treatment and challenge with L. maculans and Pseudomonas syringae. Characterization of PR2-overexpressing plants and the knockout line indicated that PR2 negatively affects callose deposition. Recombinant PR2 purified from Pichia pastoris showed callose-degrading activity, and a considerable reduction in the callose-degrading activity was observed in the leaf extract of the PR2 knockout line compared with the wild-type. ABA pretreatment before challenge with L. maculans concomitantly repressed PR2 and enhanced callose accumulation. Likewise, overexpression of an ABA biosynthesis gene NCED3 resulted in reduced PR2 expression and increased callose deposition. We propose that ABA promotes callose deposition through the transcriptional repression of PR2 in Arabidopsis challenged by L. maculans and P. syringae. Callose by itself is likely to act antagonistically on salicylic acid (SA) defense signaling, suggesting that PR2 may function as a modulator of callose- and SA-dependent defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Oide
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, PO Box 7080, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hakenjos JP, Bejai S, Ranftl Q, Behringer C, Vlot AC, Absmanner B, Hammes U, Heinzlmeir S, Kuster B, Schwechheimer C. ML3 is a NEDD8- and ubiquitin-modified protein. Plant Physiol 2013; 163:135-49. [PMID: 23903439 PMCID: PMC3762636 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.221341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
NEDD8 (NEURAL PRECURSOR CELL-EXPRESSED, DEVELOPMENTALLY DOWN-REGULATED PROTEIN8) is an evolutionarily conserved 8-kD protein that is closely related to ubiquitin and that can be conjugated like ubiquitin to specific lysine residues of target proteins in eukaryotes. In contrast to ubiquitin, for which a broad range of substrate proteins are known, only a very limited number of NEDD8 target proteins have been identified to date. Best understood, and also evolutionarily conserved, is the NEDD8 modification (neddylation) of cullins, core subunits of the cullin-RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases that promote the polyubiquitylation of degradation targets in eukaryotes. Here, we show that Myeloid differentiation factor-2-related lipid-recognition domain protein ML3 is an NEDD8- as well as ubiquitin-modified protein in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and examine the functional role of ML3 in the plant cell. Our analysis indicates that ML3 resides in the vacuole as well as in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bodies. ER bodies are Brassicales-specific ER-derived organelles and, similar to other ER body proteins, ML3 orthologs can only be identified in this order of flowering plants. ML3 gene expression is promoted by wounding as well as by the phytohormone jasmonic acid and repressed by ethylene, signals that are known to induce and repress ER body formation, respectively. Furthermore, ML3 protein abundance is dependent on NAI1, a master regulator of ER body formation in Arabidopsis. The regulation of ML3 expression and the localization of ML3 in ER bodies and the vacuole is in agreement with a demonstrated importance of ML3 in the defense to herbivore attack. Here, we extend the spectrum of ML3 biological functions by demonstrating a role in the response to microbial pathogens.
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Fridborg I, Johansson A, Lagensjö J, Leelarasamee N, Floková K, Tarkowská D, Meijer J, Bejai S. ML3: a novel regulator of herbivory-induced responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:935-948. [PMID: 23314818 PMCID: PMC3580810 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ML (MD2-related lipid recognition) proteins are known to enhance innate immune responses in mammals. This study reports the analysis of the putative ML gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana and suggests a role for the ML3 gene in herbivory-associated responses in plants. Feeding by larvae of the Lepidopteran generalist herbivore Spodoptera littoralis and larvae of the specialist herbivore Plutella xylostella activated ML3 transcription in leaf tissues. ML3 loss-of-function Arabidopsis plants were compromised in the upregulation of herbivory-induced genes and displayed a semi-dwarf phenotype. Herbivory bioassays showed that larvae of S. littoralis fed on ml3 mutant plants gained more weight compared to larvae fed on wild-type plants while larvae of P. xylostella did not show any significant difference. Virus-induced gene silencing of ML3 expression in plants compromised in jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signalling revealed a complex role of ML3 in JA/defence signalling affecting both JA- and SA-dependent responses. The data suggest that ML3 is involved in herbivory-mediated responses in Arabidopsis and that it has a potential role in herbivory-associated molecular pattern recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingela Fridborg
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, S75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Johansson
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, S75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Lagensjö
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, S75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natthanon Leelarasamee
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, S75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristýna Floková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech republic, v.v.i., Slechtitelu 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech republic, v.v.i., Slechtitelu 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Johan Meijer
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, S75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, S75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Bejai S, Fridborg I, Ekbom B. Varied response of Spodoptera littoralis against Arabidopsis thaliana with metabolically engineered glucosinolate profiles. Plant Physiol Biochem 2012; 50:72-8. [PMID: 21835629 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Upon herbivory glucosinolates are known to be degraded into a cascade of secondary products that can be detrimental for certain herbivores. We performed herbivory bioassays using first and second instar generalist Lepidoptera larvae Spodoptera littoralis on Arabidopsis thaliana engineered to overexpress novel glucosinolates. A differential response in larval feeding patterns was observed on the plants engineered with novel glucosinolates. Larvae fed on plants overexpressing 4-hydroxybenzyl glucosinolate and isopropyl glucosinolate showed little response. Larvae fed on 35S:CYP79A2 plants engineered to overexpress benzyl glucosinolates, however, showed reduced larval and pupal weights. Upon herbivory a high expression of JA signalling gene LOX2 was observed on the 35S:CYP79A2 plants compared to the PR1a and VSP2 expression. To confirm the role of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a degradation product of benzyl glucosinolate overexpressing plants, in the retarded larval growth we used Virus Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) approach to silence LOX2 expression in the 35S:CYP79A2 plants. S. littoralis larvae fed on LOX2 silenced 35S:CYP79A2 plants exhibited a retarded larval growth thus indicating that BITC played a pivotal role in anti-herbivory and not only the JA signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden.
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Andersson D, Chakrabarty R, Bejai S, Zhang J, Rask L, Meijer J. Myrosinases from root and leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana have different catalytic properties. Phytochemistry 2009; 70:1345-54. [PMID: 19703694 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Myrosinases (EC 3.2.1.147) are beta-thioglucoside glucosidases present in Brassicaceae plants. These enzymes serve to protect plants against pathogens and insect pests by initiating breakdown of the secondary metabolites glucosinolates into toxic products. Several forms of myrosinases are present in plants but the properties and role of different isoenzymes are not well understood. The dicot plant model organism Arabidopsis thaliana seems to contain six myrosinase genes (TGG1-TGG6). In order to compare the different myrosinases, cDNAs corresponding to TGG1 from leaves and TGG4 and TGG5 from roots were cloned and overexpressed in Pichia pastoris. The His-tagged recombinant proteins were purified using affinity chromatography and the preparations were homogenous according to SDS-PAGE analysis. Myrosinase activity was confirmed for all forms and compared with respect to catalytic activity towards the allyl-glucosinolate sinigrin. There was a 22-fold difference in basal activity among the myrosinases. The enzymes were active in a broad pH range, are rather thermostable and active in a wide range of salt concentrations but sensitive to high salt concentrations. The myrosinases showed different activation-inhibition responses towards ascorbic acid with maximal activity around 0.7-1 mM. No activity was registered towards desulphosinigrin and this compound did not inhibit myrosinase activity towards sinigrin. All myrosinases also displayed O-beta-glucosidase activity, although with lower efficiency compared to the myrosinase activity. The differences in catalytic properties among myrosinase isozymes for function in planta are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Andersson
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Box 7080, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Jialal I, Nathoo BC, Bejai S, Joubert SM. Serum beta-2-microglobulin estimation as an indicator of the glomerular filtration rate. S Afr Med J 1982; 61:953-4. [PMID: 6178173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In 56 patients in whom the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by the 51Cr-EDTA technique, serum creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin levels were also measured. In the 15 patients with a GFR of greater than or equal to 80 ml/min, both serum creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin levels were within the reference range. However, the beta 2-microglobulin level was elevated (greater than 2,3 mg/l) in all 41 patients with a GFR of less than 80 ml/min, while the serum creatinine level was increased (greater than 133 mumol/l) in only 35 patients. In the remaining 6 patients, the creatinine values ranged from 75 to 125 mumol/l. It would therefore seem that serum beta 2-microglobulin assay is a more sensitive test than creatinine assay for detecting impaired renal function.
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