1
|
Ding J, Yao B, Yang X, Shen L. SmRAV1, an AP2 and B3 Transcription Factor, Positively Regulates Eggplant's Response to Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4174. [PMID: 38140500 PMCID: PMC10747502 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a lethal abiotic stress threatening global food security on a consistent basis. In this study, we identified an AP2 and B3 domain-containing transcription factor (TF) named SmRAV1, and its expression levels were significantly up-regulated by NaCl, abscisic acid (ABA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. High expression of SmRAV1 was observed in the roots and sepal of mature plants. The transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves revealed that SmRAV1 was localized in the nucleus. Silencing of SmRAV1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) decreased the tolerance of eggplant to salt stress. Significant down-regulation of salt stress marker genes, including SmGSTU10 and SmNCED1, was observed. Additionally, increased H2O2 content and decreased catalase (CAT) enzyme activity were recorded in the SmRAV1-silenced plants compared to the TRV:00 plants. Our findings elucidate the functions of SmRAV1 and provide opportunities for generating salt-tolerant lines of eggplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Shen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.D.); (B.Y.); (X.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Shen Z, Sun X, Chen M, Zhang N. Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data reveals novel regulators of soybean ( Glycine max) hypocotyl development. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:1086-1098. [PMID: 37866377 DOI: 10.1071/fp23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Hypocotyl elongation directly affects the seedling establishment and soil-breaking after germination. In soybean (Glycine max ), the molecular mechanisms regulating hypocotyl development remain largely elusive. To decipher the regulatory landscape, we conducted proteome and transcriptome analysis of soybean hypocotyl samples at different development stages. Our results showed that during hypocotyl development, many proteins were with extreme high translation efficiency (TE) and may act as regulators. These potential regulators include multiple peroxidases and cell wall reorganisation related enzymes. Peroxidases may produce ROS including H2 O2 . Interestingly, exogenous H2 O2 application promoted hypocotyl elongation, supporting peroxidases as regulators of hypocotyl development. However, a vast variety of proteins were shown to be with dramatically changed TE during hypocotyl development, including multiple phytochromes, plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and aspartic proteases. Their potential roles in hypocotyl development were confirmed by that ectopic expression of GmPHYA1 and GmPIP1-6 in Arabidopsis thaliana affected hypocotyl elongation. In addition, the promoters of these potential regulatory genes contain multiple light/gibberellin/auxin responsive elements, while the expression of some members in hypocotyls was significantly regulated by light and exogenous auxin/gibberellin. Overall, our results revealed multiple novel regulatory factors of soybean hypocotyl elongation. Further research on these regulators may lead to new approvals to improve soybean hypocotyl traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhikang Shen
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya, China; and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaohu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Min Chen
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya, China; and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Naichao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu T, Lu S, Cai Y, Xu X, Zhang L, Chen F, Jiang B, Zhang H, Sun S, Zhai H, Zhao L, Xia Z, Hou W, Kong F, Han T. Molecular breeding for improvement of photothermal adaptability in soybean. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:60. [PMID: 37496825 PMCID: PMC10366068 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a typical short-day and temperate crop that is sensitive to photoperiod and temperature. Responses of soybean to photothermal conditions determine plant growth and development, which affect its architecture, yield formation, and capacity for geographic adaptation. Flowering time, maturity, and other traits associated with photothermal adaptability are controlled by multiple major-effect and minor-effect genes and genotype-by-environment interactions. Genetic studies have identified at least 11 loci (E1-E4, E6-E11, and J) that participate in photoperiodic regulation of flowering time and maturity in soybean. Molecular cloning and characterization of major-effect flowering genes have clarified the photoperiod-dependent flowering pathway, in which the photoreceptor gene phytochrome A, circadian evening complex (EC) components, central flowering repressor E1, and FLOWERING LOCUS T family genes play key roles in regulation of flowering time, maturity, and adaptability to photothermal conditions. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in genetic and molecular analysis of traits associated with photothermal adaptability, summarizing advances in molecular breeding practices and tools for improving these traits. Furthermore, we discuss methods for breeding soybean varieties with better adaptability to specific ecological regions, with emphasis on a novel strategy, the Potalaization model, which allows breeding of widely adapted soybean varieties through the use of multiple molecular tools in existing elite widely adapted varieties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01406-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yupeng Cai
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xin Xu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Fulu Chen
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Bingjun Jiang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shi Sun
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education of China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Zhengjun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Wensheng Hou
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Tianfu Han
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Genome-Wide Analysis of the Molecular Functions of B3 Superfamily in Oil Biosynthesis in Olive ( Olea europaea L.). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:6051511. [PMID: 36825035 PMCID: PMC9943606 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6051511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant B3 gene superfamily contains a large number of transcription factors playing a vital role in both vegetative growth and reproductive development in plants. Although several B3 genes have been well studied, molecular functions of the B3 genes in olive are largely unknown. In our study, a total of 200 B3 genes were identified in olive genome based on RNA-seq and comparative genomic analyses and further classified into five groups (i.e., REM, RAV, LAV, HSI, and ARF) based on phylogenetic analysis. Results of gene structure and motif composition analyses revealed diversified functions among these five groups of B3 genes. Results of genomic duplication and syntenic analyses indicated the gene expansion in the B3 genes. Results of gene expression based on both transcriptomics and relative expression revealed the tissue-biased expression patterns in B3 genes. The results of the comparative expression analysis of B3 genes between two olive cultivars with high and low oil contents identified several potential REM genes which may be involved in oil biosynthesis in olive. Based on the comprehensive characterization of the molecular structures and functions of B3 genes in olive genome, our study provided novel insights into the potential roles of B3 transcription factors in oil biosynthesis in olive and lays the groundwork for the functional explorations into this research field.
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Song C, Li H, Wang S, Hu L, Yin Y, Wang Z, He W. Comprehensive analysis of cucumber RAV family genes and functional characterization of CsRAV1 in salt and ABA tolerance in cucumber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1115874. [PMID: 36818828 PMCID: PMC9933981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1115874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The RAV (related to ABI3 and VP1) transcription factors are specific and exist in plants, which contain a B3 DNA binding domain and/or an APETALA2 (AP2) DNA binding domain. RAVs have been extensively studied in plants, and more and more evidences show that RAVs are involved in various aspects of plant growth and development, stress resistance and hormone signal transduction. However, the systematic analysis of RAV family in cucumber is rarely reported. In this study, eight CsRAV genes were identified in cucumber genome and we further comprehensively analyzed their protein physicochemical properties, conserved domains, gene structure and phylogenetic relationships. The synteny analysis and gene duplications of CsRAV genes were also analysed. Cis-element analysis revealed that the CsRAVs promoter contained several elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress. Expression analysis showed that NaCl and ABA could significantly induce CsRAV genes expression. Subcellular localization revealed that all CsRAVs were localized in the nucleus. In addition, 35S:CsRAV1 transgenic Arabidopsis and cucumber seedlings enhanced NaCl and ABA tolerance, revealing CsRAV1 may be an important regulator of abiotic stress response. In conclusion, comprehensive analysis of CsRAVs would provide certain reference for understanding the evolution and function of the CsRAV genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Chunying Song
- Xilin Gol League Agricultural and Animal Product Quality and Safety Monitoring Center, Xilinhot, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Linyue Hu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Yanlei Yin
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zenghui Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxing He
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao Y, Yang J, Duan W, Ma X, Qu L, Xu Z, Yang Y, Xu J. NtRAV4 negatively regulates drought tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum by enhancing antioxidant capacity and defence system. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1775-1788. [PMID: 35789421 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE NtRAV4 is a nucleus-localised protein and no self-activation effect. ntrav4 mutants maintain the steady state of the ROS system under drought stress by enhancing antioxidant capacity and defence system. The APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor (TF) family plays an important role in plant responses to environmental stresses. In this study, we identified a novel NtRAV4 TF, a member of RAV subfamily among AP2/ERF gene family, which have AP2 and B3 domain in its N- and C-terminus, respectively. Subcellular localisation and self-activation activity analysis revealed that NtRAV4 localised in the nucleus and had no self-activation effect. The overexpression and gene editing vectors of NtRAV4 were constructed by homologous recombination and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing methods, and transformed into tobacco by agrobacterium-mediated method. ntrav4 led to the appearance of termination codon in advance and lacked the unique B3 domain of RAV subfamily protein. Further analysis displayed that knockout of the NtRAV4 in tobacco increased drought tolerance with high relative water content, accompanied by reduced stomatal aperture, density, and stomatal opening ratio compared to overexpression lines and WT. Moreover, ntrav4 knockout plants also exhibited increased osmotic tolerance with low malondialdehyde (MDA) and ion leakage (EL), less accumulation of O2•- and H2O2, and high enzymatic antioxidant (SOD, POD, CAT) activities, non-enzymatic antioxidant (AsA-GSH cycle) contents and hormone (IAA, ABA, GA3, and ZR) levels under drought stress. Furthermore, ntrav4 mutants in tobacco improved the expression levels of ROS-related proline synthesis and stress-responsive genes under osmotic stress. Our results indicate that NtRAV4 negatively regulates plant tolerance to drought stress by reducing water loss and activating the antioxidant system and stress-related gene expression to maintain the steady state of the ROS system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jie Yang
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Wangjun Duan
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lili Qu
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zicheng Xu
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yongxia Yang
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Jiayang Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xue Y, Zhang Y, Shan J, Ji Y, Zhang X, Li W, Li D, Zhao L. Growth Repressor GmRAV Binds to the GmGA3ox Promoter to Negatively Regulate Plant Height Development in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1721. [PMID: 35163641 PMCID: PMC8836252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant height is an important component of plant architecture, and significantly affects crop quality and yield. A soybean GmRAV (Related to ABI3/VP1) transcription factor containing both AP2 and B3 domains is a growth repressor. Three GmRAV-overexpressing (GmRAV-ox) transgenic lines displayed extremely shorter height and shortened internodes compared with control plants, whereas transgenic inhibition of GmRAV expression resulted in increased plant height. GmRAV-ox soybean plants showed a low active gibberellin level and the dwarf phenotype could be rescued by treatment with exogenous GA3 treatment. ChIP (Chromatin immunoprecipitation)-qPCR assay showed that GmRAV could directly regulate the expression of the GA4 biosynthetic genes GA3-oxidase (GmGA3ox) by binding two CAACA motifs in the GmGA3ox promoter. The GmGA3ox promoter was bound by GmRAV, whose expression levels in leaves were both elevated in GmRAV-i-3 and decreased in GmRAV-ox-7 soybean plants. Transient expression assay in N. benthamiana also showed that the proGmRAV:GmRAV-3F6H effector strongly repressed the expression of LUC reporter gene driven by GmGA3ox promoter containing two CAACA motifs. Together, our results suggested that GmRAV protein repressed the expression of GmGA3ox by directly binding to the two CAACA motifs in the promoter to limit soybean plant height.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Q, Zhang L, Chen P, Wu C, Zhang H, Yuan J, Zhou J, Li X. Genome-Wide Identification of APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR Transcription Factors in Cucurbita moschata and Their Involvement in Ethylene Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847754. [PMID: 35371131 PMCID: PMC8965380 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF), a plant-specific transcription factor (TF) family, plays an essential role in the growth and development of plants, and in their response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, information on AP2/ERF in Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), an edible and medicinal vegetable used worldwide, is scarce. A total of 212 AP2/ERF genes were identified in the C. moschata genome (CmoAP2/ERFs). Based on phylogenetic analysis, they were divided into four groups-28 AP2s, 92 ERFs, 86 dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) factors, and 6 ABI3/VPs (RAV). The 212 AP2/ERF genes were unevenly distributed on the 20 chromosomes of C. moschata. The results of structural analysis showed the absence of introns on 132 CmoAP2/ERFs. Four pairs of tandem duplication and 155 pairs of segmental duplication events were identified, which indicated that segmental duplications might be the main reason for the expansion of the CmoAP2/ERF family. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) showed that most of the CmoAP2/ERFs contained hormone response elements (ABREs, EREs) in their promoters, suggesting that AP2/ERFs could contribute to the processes regulated by ethylene and abscisic acid. By comparing the transcriptome of ethephon-treated and control plants, we found that 16 CmoAP2/ERFs were significantly upregulated after ethephon treatment. Furthermore, we determined the expression patterns of these genes at different developmental stages of female and male flowers. This study provides insights into the identification, classification, physicochemical property, phylogenetic analysis, chromosomal location, gene structure, motif identification, and CRE prediction of the AP2/ERF superfamily in C. moschata. Sixteen CmoAP2/ERF genes were identified as ethylene-inducible genes. The results of this study will be valuable for understanding the roles of CmoAP2/ERFs in ethylene response and should provide a foundation for elucidating the function of AP2/ERF TFs in C. moschata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peiwen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huaixia Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junguo Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xinzheng Li,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kabir N, Lin H, Kong X, Liu L, Qanmber G, Wang Y, Zhang L, Sun Z, Yang Z, Yu Y, Zhao N. Identification, evolutionary analysis and functional diversification of RAV gene family in cotton (G. hirsutum L.). PLANTA 2021; 255:14. [PMID: 34862931 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Genome wide analysis, expression pattern analysis, and functional characterization of RAV genes highlight their roles in roots, stem development and hormonal response. RAV (Related to ABI3 and VP1) gene family members have been involved in tissues/organs growth and hormone signaling in various plant species. Here, we identified 247 RAVs from 12 different species with 33 RAV genes from G. hirsutum. Phylogenetic analysis classified RAV genes into four distinct groups. Analysis of gene structure showed that most GhRAVs lack introns. Motif distribution pattern and protein sequence logos indicated that GhRAV genes were highly conserved during the process of evolution. Promotor cis-acting elements revealed that promotor regions of GhRAV genes encode numerous elements related to plant growth, abiotic stresses and phytohormones. Chromosomal location information showed uneven distribution of 33 GhRAV genes on different chromosomes. Collinearity analysis identified 628 and 52 orthologous/ paralogous gene pairs in G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively. Ka/Ks values indicated that GhRAV and GbRAV genes underwent strong purifying selection pressure. Selecton model and codon model selection revealed that GhRAV amino acids were under purifying selection and adaptive evolution exists among GhRAV proteins. Three dimensional structure of GhRAVs indicated the presence of numerous alpha helix and beta-barrels. Expression level revealed that some GhRAV genes exhibited high expression in roots (GhRAV3, GhRAV4, GhRAV11, GhRAV18, GhRAV20 and GhRAV30) and stem (GhRAV3 and GhRAV18), indicating their potential role in roots and stem development. GhRAV genes can be regulated by phytohormonal stresses (BL, JA and IAA). Our study provides a reference for future studies related to the functional analysis of GhRAVs in cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Kabir
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Key Laboratory of China Northwestern Inland Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shehezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xianhui Kong
- Key Laboratory of China Northwestern Inland Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shehezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Le Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - YuXuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of China Northwestern Inland Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shehezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhuojing Sun
- Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100122, China
| | - Zuoren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of China Northwestern Inland Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shehezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Key Laboratory of China Northwestern Inland Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shehezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Na Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Xu C, Sun J, Dong L, Li M, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Li D, Sun J, Zhang Y, Shan J, Li W, Zhao L. GmRAV confers ecological adaptation through photoperiod control of flowering time and maturity in soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:361-377. [PMID: 34618136 PMCID: PMC8418415 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod strictly controls vegetative and reproductive growth stages in soybean (Glycine max). A soybean GmRAV (Related to ABI3/VP1) transcription factor containing both AP2 and B3 domains was shown to be a key component of this process. We identified six polymorphisms in the GmRAV promoter that showed significant association with flowering time and maturity of soybean in one or multiple environments. Soybean varieties with minor polymorphism exhibited a longer growth period contributing to soybean adaptation to lower latitudes. The cis-acting element GT1CONSENSUS motif of the GmRAV promoter controlled the growth period, and the major allele in this motif shortened duration of late reproductive stages by reducing GmRAV expression levels. Three GmRAV-overexpressing (GmRAV-ox) transgenic lines displayed later flowering time and maturity, shorter height and fewer numbers of leaves compared with control plants, whereas transgenic inhibition of GmRAV expression resulted in earlier flowering time and maturity and increased plant height. Combining DNA affinity purification sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses revealed 154 putative target genes directly bound and transcriptionally regulated by GmRAV. Two GmRAV binding motifs [C(A/G)AACAA(G/T)A(C/T)A(G/T)] and [C(T/A)A(C)C(T/G)CTG] were identified, and acting downstream of E3E4, GmRAV repressed GmFT5a transcriptional activity through binding a CAACA motif, thereby delaying soybean growth and extending both vegetative and reproductive phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chongjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiafan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lidong Dong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingzhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuntong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinming Shan
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ho LH, Lee YI, Hsieh SY, Lin IS, Wu YC, Ko HY, Klemens PA, Neuhaus HE, Chen YM, Huang TP, Yeh CH, Guo WJ. GeSUT4 mediates sucrose import at the symbiotic interface for carbon allocation of heterotrophic Gastrodia elata (Orchidaceae). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:20-33. [PMID: 32583877 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata, a fully mycoheterotrophic orchid without photosynthetic ability, only grows symbiotically with the fungus Armillaria. The mechanism of carbon distribution in this mycoheterotrophy is unknown. We detected high sucrose concentrations in all stages of Gastrodia tubers, suggesting sucrose may be the major sugar transported between fungus and orchid. Thick symplasm-isolated wall interfaces in colonized and adjacent large cells implied involvement of sucrose importers. Two sucrose transporter (SUT)-like genes, GeSUT4 and GeSUT3, were identified that were highly expressed in young Armillaria-colonized tubers. Yeast complementation and isotope tracer experiments confirmed that GeSUT4 functioned as a high-affinity sucrose-specific proton-dependent importer. Plasma-membrane/tonoplast localization of GeSUT4-GFP fusions and high RNA expression of GeSUT4 in symbiotic and large cells indicated that GeSUT4 likely functions in active sucrose transport for intercellular allocation and intracellular homeostasis. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing GeSUT4 had larger leaves but were sensitive to excess sucrose and roots were colonized with fewer mutualistic Bacillus, supporting the role of GeSUT4 in regulating sugar allocation. This is not only the first documented carbon import system in a mycoheterotrophic interaction but also highlights the evolutionary importance of sucrose transporters for regulation of carbon flow in all types of plant-microbe interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-I Lee
- Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Shiuan Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yun-Chien Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Han-Yu Ko
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Patrick A Klemens
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Yi-Min Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Pi Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hsin Yeh
- Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Woei-Jiun Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Z, Ge XX, Wu XM, Xu Q, Atkinson RG, Guo WW. Genome-wide analysis of the citrus B3 superfamily and their association with somatic embryogenesis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:305. [PMID: 32299363 PMCID: PMC7161213 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In citrus, genetic improvement via biotechnology is hindered by the obstacle of in vitro regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE). Although a few B3 transcription factors are reported to regulate embryogenesis, little is known about the B3 superfamily in citrus, and which members might be involved in SE. RESULTS Genome-wide sequence analysis identified 72 (CsB3) and 69 (CgB3) putative B3 superfamily members in the genomes of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis, polyembryonic) and pummelo (C. grandis, monoembryonic), respectively. Genome duplication analysis indicated that segmental and tandem duplication events contributed to the expansion of the B3 superfamily in citrus, and that the B3 superfamily evolved under the effect of purifying selection. Phylogenetic relationships were well supported by conserved gene structure and motifs outside the B3 domain, which allowed possible functions to be inferred by comparison with homologous genes from Arabidopsis. Expression analysis identified 23 B3 superfamily members that were expressed during SE in citrus and 17 that may play functional roles at late SE stages. Eight B3 genes were identified that were specific to the genome of polyembryonic sweet orange compared to monoembryonic pummelo. Of these eight B3 genes, CsARF19 was found to be specifically expressed at higher levels in embryogenic callus (EC), implying its possible involvement in EC initiation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a genome-wide analysis of the citrus B3 superfamily, including its genome organization, evolutionary features and expression profiles, and identifies specific family members that may be associated with SE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xiao-Xia Ge
- Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, 430415 China
| | - Xiao-Meng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Ross G. Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Wen-Wu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, Guo T, Wang Z, Kang J, Yang Q, Shen Y, Long R. Expression of Three Related to ABI3/VP1 Genes in Medicago truncatula Caused Increased Stress Resistance and Branch Increase in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:611. [PMID: 32523590 PMCID: PMC7261895 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Related to ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3)/VIVIPAROUS1(VP1)(RAV) transcription factors, which encode a B3 domain and an APETALA2(AP2) domain, belong to the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding factor(AP2/ERF) or B3 superfamily and play an important role in regulating plant growth and development and responding to abiotic stress. Although there have been many functional studies on RAV, the functional differences between RAVs are not clear. Therefore, in this study, the functional differences of RAVs of Medicago truncatula were analyzed. Based on sequence data from the plant transcription factor database and the M. truncatula genome database, we cloned three RAV genes from M. truncatula, named MtRAV1, MtRAV2, and MtRAV3. The cis-acting elements of these genes promoters were predicted, and the expression patterns of MtRAVs under exogenous conditions (4°C, NaCl, Polyethylene Glycol, Abscisic acid) were analyzed. MtRAVs transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana were obtained and subjected to adversity treatment. Subcellular localization results indicated that MtRAVs were located in the nucleus. A much lower expression level was observed for MtRAV3 than the levels of MtRAV1 and MtRAV2 in M. truncatula for growth in normal conditions, but under 4°C or PEG and NaCl treatment, the expression level of MtRAV3 was significantly increased. Only the MtRAV3 overexpression transgenic plants showed strong cold resistance, but the overexpressed MtRAV1 and MtRAV2 transgenic plants showed no difference from wild type plants. MtRAV transgenic plants exhibited similar response to exogenous mannitol, NaCl, and ABA, and the expression of some adverse-related marker genes were up-regulated, such as COLD REGULATED 414 THYLAKOID MEMBRANE 1 (COR414-TM1), Arabidopsis thaliana drought-induced 21 (AtDI21), and Arabidopsis thaliana phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (ATPLC). MtRAVs transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited increasing of branch number. These results indicated that there was some function redundancy during MtRAVs proteins of M. truncatula, and MtRAV3 has increased function compared to the other two genes. The results of this study should provide the foundation for future application of MtRAVs in legumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Wang
- College of Agro-Grassland Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Shen
- College of Agro-Grassland Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yixin Shen,
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ruicai Long,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xia F, Sun T, Yang S, Wang X, Chao J, Li X, Hu J, Cui M, Liu G, Wang D, Sun Y. Insight into the B3Transcription Factor Superfamily and Expression Profiling of B3 Genes in Axillary Buds after Topping in Tobacco( Nicotiana tabacum L.). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E164. [PMID: 30791672 PMCID: PMC6409620 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the plant-specific B3 transcription factor superfamily play important roles in various growth and developmental processes in plants. Even though there are many valuable studies on B3 genes in other species, little is known about the B3 superfamily in tobacco. We identified 114 B3 proteins from tobacco using comparative genome analysis. These proteins were classified into four subfamilies based on their phylogenetic relationships, and include the ARF, RAV, LAV, and REM subfamilies. The chromosomal locations, gene structures, conserved protein motifs, and sub-cellular localizations of the tobacco B3 proteins were analyzed. The patterns of exon-intron numbers and arrangement and the protein structures of the tobacco B3 proteins were in general agreement with their phylogenetic relationships. The expression patterns of 114 B3 genes revealed that many B3 genes show tissue-specific expression. The expression levels of B3 genes in axillary buds after topping showed that the REM genes are mainly up-regulated in response to topping, while the ARF genes are down-regulated after topping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xia
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tingting Sun
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Shuangjuan Yang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jiangtao Chao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Junhua Hu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Guanshan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Dawei Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao 266101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang SR, Wang H, Wang Z, Ren Y, Niu L, Liu J, Liu B. Photoperiodism dynamics during the domestication and improvement of soybean. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1416-1427. [PMID: 28942538 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-9154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a facultative short-day plant with a sensitive photoperiod perception and reaction system, which allows it to adjust its physiological state and gene regulatory networks to seasonal and diurnal changes in environmental conditions. In the past few decades, soybean cultivation has spread from East Asia to areas throughout the world. Biologists and breeders must now confront the challenge of understanding the molecular mechanism of soybean photoperiodism and improving agronomic traits to enable this important crop to adapt to geographical and environmental changes. In this review, we summarize the genetic regulatory network underlying photoperiodic responses in soybean. Genomic and genetic studies have revealed that the circadian clock, in conjunction with the light perception pathways, regulates photoperiodic flowering. Here, we provide an annotated list of 844 candidate flowering genes in soybean, with their putative biological functions. Many photoperiod-related genes have been intensively selected during domestication and crop improvement. Finally, we describe recent progress in engineering photoperiod-responsive genes for improving agronomic traits to enhance geographic adaptation in soybean, as well as future prospects for research on soybean photoperiodic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Rui Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yao Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lifang Niu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao SP, Xu ZS, Zheng WJ, Zhao W, Wang YX, Yu TF, Chen M, Zhou YB, Min DH, Ma YZ, Chai SC, Zhang XH. Genome-Wide Analysis of the RAV Family in Soybean and Functional Identification of GmRAV-03 Involvement in Salt and Drought Stresses and Exogenous ABA Treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:905. [PMID: 28634481 PMCID: PMC5459925 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors play vital roles in plant growth and in plant responses to abiotic stresses. The RAV transcription factors contain a B3 DNA binding domain and/or an APETALA2 (AP2) DNA binding domain. Although genome-wide analyses of RAV family genes have been performed in several species, little is known about the family in soybean (Glycine max L.). In this study, a total of 13 RAV genes, named as GmRAVs, were identified in the soybean genome. We predicted and analyzed the amino acid compositions, phylogenetic relationships, and folding states of conserved domain sequences of soybean RAV transcription factors. These soybean RAV transcription factors were phylogenetically clustered into three classes based on their amino acid sequences. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the soybean RAV proteins were located in the nucleus. The expression patterns of 13 RAV genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Under drought stresses, the RAV genes expressed diversely, up- or down-regulated. Following NaCl treatments, all RAV genes were down-regulated excepting GmRAV-03 which was up-regulated. Under abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, the expression of all of the soybean RAV genes increased dramatically. These results suggested that the soybean RAV genes may be involved in diverse signaling pathways and may be responsive to abiotic stresses and exogenous ABA. Further analysis indicated that GmRAV-03 could increase the transgenic lines resistance to high salt and drought and result in the transgenic plants insensitive to exogenous ABA. This present study provides valuable information for understanding the classification and putative functions of the RAV transcription factors in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Zhao
- College of Agronomy/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- College of Agronomy/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China
| | - Wan Zhao
- College of Agronomy/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Research Center of Wheat Engineering Technology of HebeiShijiazhuang, China
| | - Tai-Fei Yu
- College of Agronomy/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- College of Agronomy/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China
| | - Dong-Hong Min
- College of Agronomy/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Shou-Cheng Chai
- College of Agronomy/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Hong Zhang, Shou-Cheng Chai,
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- College of Agronomy/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Hong Zhang, Shou-Cheng Chai,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang S, Luo C, Song Y, Wang J. Two Groups of Thellungiella salsuginea RAVs Exhibit Distinct Responses and Sensitivity to Salt and ABA in Transgenic Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153517. [PMID: 27093611 PMCID: PMC4836749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Containing both AP2 domain and B3 domain, RAV (Related to ABI3/VP1) transcription factors are involved in diverse functions in higher plants. A total of eight TsRAV genes were isolated from the genome of Thellungiella salsuginea and could be divided into two groups (A- and B-group) based on their sequence similarity. The mRNA abundance of all Thellungiella salsuginea TsRAVs followed a gradual decline during seed germination. In Thellungiella salsuginea seedling, transcripts of TsRAVs in the group A (A-TsRAVs) were gradually and moderately reduced by salt treatment but rapidly and severely repressed by ABA treatment. In comparison, with a barely detectable constitutive expression, the transcriptional level of TsRAVs in the group B (B-TsRAVs) exhibited a moderate induction in cotyledons when confronted with ABA. We then produced the “gain-of-function” transgenic Arabidopsis plants for each TsRAV gene and found that only 35S:A-TsRAVs showed weak growth retardation including reduced root elongation, suggesting their roles in negatively controlling plant growth. Under normal conditions, the germination process of all TsRAVs overexpressing transgenic seeds was inhibited with a stronger effect observed in 35S:A-TsRAVs seeds than in 35S:B-TsRAVs seeds. With the presence of NaCl, seed germination and seedling root elongation of all plants including wild type and 35S:TsRAVs plants were retarded and a more severe inhibition occurred to the 35S:A-TsRAV transgenic plants. ABA treatment only negatively affected the germination rates of 35S:A-TsRAV transgenic seeds but not those of 35S:B-TsRAV transgenic seeds. All 35S:TsRAVs transgenic plants showed a similar degree of reduction in root growth compared with untreated seedlings in the presence of ABA. Furthermore, the cotyledon greening/expansion was more severely inhibited 35S:A-TsRAVs than in 35S:B-TsRAVs seedlings. Upon water deficiency, with a wider opening of stomata, 35S:A-TsRAVs plants experienced a faster transpirational water loss than wild type and 35S:B-TsRAVs lines. Taken together, our results suggest that two groups of TsRAVs perform distinct regulating roles during plant growth and abiotic defense including drought and salt, and A-TsRAVs are more likely than B-TsRAVs to act as negative regulators in the above-mentioned biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cui Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yingjin Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guitton B, Kelner JJ, Celton JM, Sabau X, Renou JP, Chagné D, Costes E. Analysis of transcripts differentially expressed between fruited and deflowered 'Gala' adult trees: a contribution to biennial bearing understanding in apple. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:55. [PMID: 26924309 PMCID: PMC4770685 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition from vegetative to floral state in shoot apical meristems (SAM) is a key event in plant development and is of crucial importance for reproductive success. In perennial plants, this event is recurrent during tree life and subject to both within-tree and between-years heterogeneity. In the present study, our goal was to identify candidate processes involved in the repression or induction of flowering in apical buds of adult apple trees. RESULTS Genes differentially expressed (GDE) were examined between trees artificially set in either 'ON' or 'OFF' situation, and in which floral induction (FI) was shown to be inhibited or induced in most buds, respectively, using qRT-PCR and microarray analysis. From the period of FI through to flower differentiation, GDE belonged to four main biological processes (i) response to stimuli, including response to oxidative stress; (ii) cellular processes, (iii) cell wall biogenesis, and (iv) metabolic processes including carbohydrate biosynthesis and lipid metabolic process. Several key regulator genes, especially TEMPRANILLO (TEM), FLORAL TRANSITION AT MERISTEM (FTM1) and SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) were found differentially expressed. Moreover, homologs of SPL and Leucine-Rich Repeat proteins were present under QTL zones previously detected for biennial bearing. CONCLUSIONS This data set suggests that apical buds of 'ON' and 'OFF' trees were in different physiological states, resulting from different metabolic, hormonal and redox status which are likely to contribute to FI control in adult apple trees. Investigations on carbohydrate and hormonal fluxes from sources to SAM and on cell detoxification process are expected to further contribute to the identification of the underlying physiological mechanisms of FI in adult apple trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Guitton
- INRA, UMR AGAP, CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, AFEF team (Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces Fruitières) TA 108/03, Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France.
- ICRISAT, Samanko station, BP320, Bamako, Mali.
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, TA 108/03, Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France.
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - J J Kelner
- SupAgro, UMR AGAP, CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, AFEF team (Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces Fruitières) TA 108/03, Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France.
| | - J M Celton
- INRA, UMR1345 IRHS, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, AgroCampus-Ouest-INRA- QUASAV, Bretagne-Loire University, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
| | - X Sabau
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, TA 108/03, Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France.
| | - J P Renou
- INRA, UMR1345 IRHS, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, AgroCampus-Ouest-INRA- QUASAV, Bretagne-Loire University, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
| | - D Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - E Costes
- INRA, UMR AGAP, CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, AFEF team (Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces Fruitières) TA 108/03, Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao C, Takeshima R, Zhu J, Xu M, Sato M, Watanabe S, Kanazawa A, Liu B, Kong F, Yamada T, Abe J. A recessive allele for delayed flowering at the soybean maturity locus E9 is a leaky allele of FT2a, a FLOWERING LOCUS T ortholog. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:20. [PMID: 26786479 PMCID: PMC4719747 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the molecular mechanisms of flowering and maturity is important for improving the adaptability and yield of seed crops in different environments. In soybean, a facultative short-day plant, genetic variation at four maturity genes, E1 to E4, plays an important role in adaptation to environments with different photoperiods. However, the molecular basis of natural variation in time to flowering and maturity is poorly understood. Using a cross between early-maturing soybean cultivars, we performed a genetic and molecular study of flowering genes. The progeny of this cross segregated for two maturity loci, E1 and E9. The latter locus was subjected to detailed molecular analysis to identify the responsible gene. RESULTS Fine mapping, sequencing, and expression analysis revealed that E9 is FT2a, an ortholog of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T. Regardless of daylength conditions, the e9 allele was transcribed at a very low level in comparison with the E9 allele and delayed flowering. Despite identical coding sequences, a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions were detected in the promoter, untranslated regions, and introns between the two cultivars. Furthermore, the e9 allele had a Ty1/copia-like retrotransposon, SORE-1, inserted in the first intron. Comparison of the expression levels of different alleles among near-isogenic lines and photoperiod-insensitive cultivars indicated that the SORE-1 insertion attenuated FT2a expression by its allele-specific transcriptional repression. SORE-1 was highly methylated, and did not appear to disrupt FT2a RNA processing. CONCLUSIONS The soybean maturity gene E9 is FT2a, and its recessive allele delays flowering because of lower transcript abundance that is caused by allele-specific transcriptional repression due to the insertion of SORE-1. The FT2a transcript abundance is thus directly associated with the variation in flowering time in soybean. The e9 allele may maintain vegetative growth in early-flowering genetic backgrounds, and also be useful as a long-juvenile allele, which causes late flowering under short-daylength conditions, in low-latitude regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Ryoma Takeshima
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Jianghui Zhu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Meilan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Masako Sato
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| | | | - Akira Kanazawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Baohui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Jun Abe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mittal A, Jiang Y, Ritchie GL, Burke JJ, Rock CD. AtRAV1 and AtRAV2 overexpression in cotton increases fiber length differentially under drought stress and delays flowering. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:78-95. [PMID: 26706061 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a longstanding problem of an inverse relationship between cotton fiber qualities versus high yields. To better understand drought stress signaling and adaptation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber development, we expressed the Arabidopsis transcription factors RELATED_TO_ABA-INSENSITIVE3/VIVIPAROUS1/(RAV1) and AtRAV2, which encode APETALA2-Basic3 domain proteins shown to repress transcription of FLOWERING_LOCUS_T (FT) and to promote stomatal opening cell-autonomously. In three years of field trials, we show that AtRAV1 and AtRAV2-overexpressing cotton had ∼5% significantly longer fibers with only marginal decreases in yields under well-watered or drought stress conditions that resulted in 40-60% yield penalties and 3-7% fiber length penalties in control plants. The longer transgenic fibers from drought-stressed transgenics could be spun into yarn which was measurably stronger and more uniform than that from well-watered control fibers. The transgenic AtRAV1 and AtRAV2 lines flowered later and retained bolls at higher nodes, which correlated with repression of endogenous GhFT-Like (FTL) transcript accumulation. Elevated expression early in development of ovules was observed for GhRAV2L, GhMYB25-Like (MYB25L) involved in fiber initiation, and GhMYB2 and GhMYB25 involved in fiber elongation. Altered expression of RAVs controlling critical nodes in developmental and environmental signaling hierarchies has the potential for phenotypic modification of crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Mittal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, United States.
| | - Yingwen Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, United States.
| | - Glen L Ritchie
- Department of Plant and Soils Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2122, United States.
| | - John J Burke
- USDA-ARS Plant Stress and Germplasm Laboratory, Lubbock, TX 79415, United States.
| | - Christopher D Rock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jeong EY, Seo PJ, Woo JC, Park CM. AKIN10 delays flowering by inactivating IDD8 transcription factor through protein phosphorylation in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:110. [PMID: 25929516 PMCID: PMC4416337 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar plays a central role as a source of carbon metabolism and energy production and a signaling molecule in diverse growth and developmental processes and environmental adaptation in plants. It is known that sugar metabolism and allocation between different physiological functions is intimately associated with flowering transition in many plant species. The INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD)-containing transcription factor IDD8 regulates flowering time by modulating sugar metabolism and transport under sugar-limiting conditions in Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, it has been reported that SUCROSE NONFERMENTING-1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 (SnRK1), which acts as a sensor of cellular energy metabolism, is activated by sugar deprivation. Notably, SnRK1-overexpressing plants and IDD8-deficient mutants exhibit similar phenotypes, including delayed flowering, suggesting that SnRK1 is involved in the IDD8-mediated metabolic control of flowering. RESULTS We examined whether the sugar deprivation-sensing SnRK1 is functionally associated with IDD8 in flowering time control through biochemical and molecular genetic approaches. Overproduction of AKIN10, the catalytic subunit of SnRK1, delayed flowering in Arabidopsis, as was observed in IDD8-deficient idd8-3 mutant. We found that AKIN10 interacts with IDD8 in the nucleus. Consequently, AKIN10 phosphorylates IDD8 primarily at two serine (Ser) residues, Ser-178 and Ser-182, which reside in the fourth zinc finger (ZF) domain that mediates DNA binding and protein-protein interactions. AKIN10-mediated phosphorylation did not affect the subcellular localization and DNA-binding property of IDD8. Instead, the transcriptional activation activity of the phosphorylated IDD8 was significantly reduced. Together, these observations indicate that AKIN10 antagonizes the IDD8 function in flowering time control, a notion that is consistent with the delayed flowering phenotypes of AKIN10-overexpressing plants and idd8-3 mutant. CONCLUSION Our data show that SnRK1 and its substrate IDD8 constitute a sugar metabolic pathway that mediates the timing of flowering under sugar deprivation conditions. In this signaling scheme, the SnRK1 signals are directly integrated into the IDD8-mediated gene regulatory network that governs flowering transition in response to fluctuations in sugar metabolism, further supporting the metabolic control of flowering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Je Chang Woo
- Department of Biological Science, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 534-729, South Korea.
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|