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Chen X, Wei C, Zhao J, Zhou D, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zuo H, Dong J, Zhao Z, Hao M, He X, Bian Y. Carnosic acid: an effective phenolic diterpenoid for prevention and management of cancers via targeting multiple signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107288. [PMID: 38977208 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious global public health issue, and a great deal of research has been made to treat cancer. Of these, discovery of promising compounds that effectively fight cancer always has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpenoid compound widely present in Lamiaceae plants such as Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that CA has significant anti-cancer activity, such as leukaemia, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, lymphoma, prostate cancer, oral cancer, etc. The potential mechanisms involved by CA, including inhibiting cell proliferation, inhibiting metastasis, inducing cell apoptosis, stimulating autophagy, regulating the immune system, reducing inflammation, regulating the gut microbiota, and enhancing the effects of other anti-cancer drugs. This article reviews the biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, safety and toxicity, as well as the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of the anticancer activity of CA. This will contribute to the development of CA or CA-containing functional foods for the prevention and treatment of cancer, providing important advances in the advancement of cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Cuntao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Haiyue Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jianhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Man Hao
- Clinical Medical College of Acuupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Ortho and MSK Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Xirui He
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China; UCL School of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Pimentel LS, Bastos LM, Goulart LR, Ribeiro LNDM. Therapeutic Effects of Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds on Prostate Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:583. [PMID: 38794244 PMCID: PMC11125265 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since prostate cancer (PCa) relies on limited therapies, more effective alternatives are required. Essential oils (EOs) and their bioactive compounds are natural products that have many properties including anticancer activity. This review covers studies published between 2000 and 2023 and discusses the anti-prostate cancer mechanisms of the EOs from several plant species and their main bioactive compounds. It also provides a critical perspective regarding the challenges to be overcome until they reach the market. EOs from chamomile, cinnamon, Citrus species, turmeric, Cymbopogon species, ginger, lavender, Mentha species, rosemary, Salvia species, thyme and other species have been tested in different PCa cell lines and have shown excellent results, including the inhibition of cell growth and migration, the induction of apoptosis, modulation in the expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes and the suppression of angiogenesis. The most challenging aspects of EOs, which limit their clinical uses, are their highly lipophilic nature, physicochemical instability, photosensitivity, high volatility and composition variability. The processing of EO-based products in the pharmaceutical field may be an interesting alternative to circumvent EOs' limitations, resulting in several benefits in their further clinical use. Identifying their bioactive compounds, therapeutic effects and chemical structures could open new perspectives for innovative developments in the field. Moreover, this could be helpful in obtaining versatile chemical synthesis routes and/or biotechnological drug production strategies, providing an accurate, safe and sustainable source of these bioactive compounds, while looking at their use as gold-standard therapy in the close future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Santos Pimentel
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Professor Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2E, Sala 248, Uberlândia 38405-302, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lígia Nunes de Morais Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Professor Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2E, Sala 248, Uberlândia 38405-302, MG, Brazil
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Pezantes-Orellana C, German Bermúdez F, Matías De la Cruz C, Montalvo JL, Orellana-Manzano A. Essential oils: a systematic review on revolutionizing health, nutrition, and omics for optimal well-being. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1337785. [PMID: 38435393 PMCID: PMC10905622 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1337785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Essential oils from various plants have diverse therapeutic properties and are researched extensively. They have applications in medicine, aromatherapy, microbiology, agriculture, livestock, and the food industry, benefiting the population. Methods This systematic review followed the PRISMA verification protocol. The study focused on the anti-inflammatory effects, nutraceutical properties, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of essential oils in lemon, orange, cumin, cinnamon, coriander, rosemary, thyme, and parsley. We also looked at their presence in the diet, their effect, their mechanism of action on health, and the most important active compounds. The search was conducted in the PubMed database for the last 12 years of publications, including in vitro, in vivo, and online cell model tests. Results Essential oils have been shown to have multiple health benefits, primarily due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanism of action of cinnamon oil alters bacterial membranes, modifies lipid profiles, and inhibits cell division, giving a potential benefit in protection against colitis. On the other hand, a significant improvement was observed in the diastolic pressure of patients with metabolic syndrome when supplementing them with cumin essential oil. The antimicrobial properties of coriander essential oil, especially its application in seafood like tilapia, demonstrate efficacy in improving health and resistance to bacterial infections. Cumin essential oil treats inflammation. Parsley essential oil is an antioxidant. Orange peel oil is antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and pro-oxidative. Lemon essential oil affects mouse intestinal microbiota. Thyme essential oil protects the colon against damage and DNA methylation. Carnosic acid in rosemary oil can reduce prostate cancer cell viability by modifying the endoplasmic reticulum function. Conclusion and discussion Essential oils have many therapeutic and antiparasitic properties. They are beneficial to human health in many ways. However, to understand their potential benefits, more research is needed regarding essential oils such as coriander, parsley, rosemary, cumin, and thyme. These research gaps are relevant since they restrict understanding of the possible benefits of these crucial oils for health-related contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fátima German Bermúdez
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Carmen Matías De la Cruz
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Andrea Orellana-Manzano
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Nauman MC, Won JH, Petiwala SM, Vemu B, Lee H, Sverdlov M, Johnson JJ. α-Mangostin Promotes In Vitro and In Vivo Degradation of Androgen Receptor and AR-V7 Splice Variant in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072118. [PMID: 37046780 PMCID: PMC10093438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A major limitation of current prostate cancer pharmacotherapy approaches is the inability of these compounds to target androgen receptor variants or mutants that develop during prostate cancer progression. The demand for novel therapeutics to prevent, slow, and treat prostate cancer is significant because FDA approved anti-androgens are associated with adverse events and can eventually drive drug-resistant prostate cancer. This study evaluated α-mangostin for its novel ability to degrade the androgen receptor and androgen receptor variants. α-Mangostin is one of more than 70 isoprenylated xanthones isolated from Garcinia mangostana that we have been evaluating for their anticancer potential. Prostate cancer cells treated with α-mangostin exhibited decreased levels of wild-type and mutated androgen receptors. Immunoblot, immunoprecipitation, and transfection experiments demonstrated that the androgen receptor was ubiquitinated and subsequently degraded via the proteasome, which we hypothesize occurs with the assistance of BiP, an ER chaperone protein that we have shown to associate with the androgen receptor. We also evaluated α-mangostin for its antitumor activity and promotion of androgen receptor degradation in vivo. In summary, our study demonstrates that androgen receptor degradation occurs through the novel activation of BiP and suggests a new therapeutic approach for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirielle C. Nauman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jong Hoon Won
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sakina M. Petiwala
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Bhaskar Vemu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Biophysics Core at Research Resource Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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5
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Talib WH, AlHur MJ, Al.Naimat S, Ahmad RE, Al-Yasari AH, Al-Dalaeen A, Thiab S, Mahmod AI. Anticancer Effect of Spices Used in Mediterranean Diet: Preventive and Therapeutic Potentials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:905658. [PMID: 35774546 PMCID: PMC9237507 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.905658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with almost 10 million cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020, so any investigation to prevent or cure this disease is very important. Spices have been studied widely in several countries to treat different diseases. However, studies that summarize the potential anticancer effect of spices used in Mediterranean diet are very limited. This review highlighted chemo-therapeutic and chemo-preventive effect of ginger, pepper, rosemary, turmeric, black cumin and clove. Moreover, the mechanisms of action for each one of them were figured out such as anti-angiogenesis, antioxidant, altering signaling pathways, induction of cell apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest, for several types of cancer. The most widely used spice in Mediterranean diet is black pepper (Piper nigrum L). Ginger and black cumin have the highest anticancer activity by targeting multiple cancer hallmarks. Apoptosis induction is the most common pathway activated by different spices in Mediterranean diet to inhibit cancer. Studies discussed in this review may help researchers to design and test new anticancer diets enriched with selected spices that have high activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Wamidh H. Talib
| | - Mallak J. AlHur
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sumaiah Al.Naimat
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rawand E. Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Anfal Al-Dalaeen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samar Thiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Li X, Zhou D, Cai Y, Yu X, Zheng X, Chen B, Li W, Zeng H, Hassan M, Zhao Y, Zhou W. Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibits AR expression via the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway in luminal androgen receptor triple-negative breast cancer and prostate cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:2. [PMID: 35013318 PMCID: PMC8748692 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is an important prognostic marker and therapeutic target in luminal androgen receptor triple-negative breast cancer (LAR TNBC) and prostate cancer (PCa). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to regulate associated protein expression and is closely related to tumor growth and drug resistance. The effect of ER stress on AR expression and signaling remains unclear. Here, we focused on the regulation and underlying mechanism of AR expression induced by ER stress in LAR TNBC and PCa. Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR results showed that AR expression was markedly decreased under ER stress induced by thapsigargin and brefeldin A, and this effect was dependent on PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR and luciferase reporter gene analysis results showed that ATF4 bound to the AR promoter regions to inhibit its activity. Moreover, ATF4 overexpression inhibited tumor proliferation and AR expression both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these results demonstrated that ER stress could decrease AR mRNA and protein levels via PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling in LAR TNBC and PCa. Targeting the UPR may be a treatment strategy for AR-dependent TNBC and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Key laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Duanfang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiangru Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, 401120, P.R. China
| | - Hongfang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Division of Bio-molecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ying Zhao
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Division of Bio-molecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weiying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
- Chongqing Key laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
- Key laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
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Chan EWC, Wong SK, Chan HT. An overview of the chemistry and anticancer properties of rosemary extract and its diterpenes. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae, has promising anticancer activity. This overview has updated the current knowledge on the chemistry and anticancer properties of rosemary extract, carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmanol, focusing on colon and prostate cancer cells since they are the most susceptible. The information was procured from Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, J-Stage, and PubChem. Phenolic compounds isolated from the aerial parts of R. officinalis are flavonoids, phenolic acids, diterpenes, triterpenes, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. Some of the compounds are new to science, to the genus, and to the species. Almost 30 compounds possess anticancer properties. Rosemary extracts contain abietane diterpenes, with carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmanol being the most common. Their molecular structures are similar to three fused aromatic rings. Carnosic acid has a –COOH group at C20, carnosol has a lactone ring occurs across the B ring, and rosmanol has a –OH group at C7. Against colon and prostate cancer cells, the rosemary extract and diterpenes inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. The inhibition of cell migration and adhesion has also been reported. The rosemary extract and diterpenes also inhibited colon and prostate cancer xenograft in mice. Rosemary extract is more cytotoxic than the diterpenes due to its polyphenols such as flavonoids and triterpenes. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activities involve different molecular targets and signalling pathways. Some prospects and areas for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wei Chiang Chan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siu Kuin Wong
- School of Foundation Studies, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hung Tuck Chan
- Secretariat of International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0129, Japan
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Ham J, Lim W, Song G. Flufenoxuron suppresses the proliferation of testicular cells by targeting mitochondria in mice. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 173:104773. [PMID: 33771252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flufenoxuron is a benzoylurea pesticide that is used to eradicate insects and acarids in the farmland. Even though it specifically works on target animals, the possibilities of its bioaccumulation and harmful effects on non-target animals cannot be denied. As the usage and application of pesticides increases, exposure to them also increases through ingestion of food residues, inhalation, or dermal contact. Pesticides could also be considered as endocrine disruptor chemicals; however, the reproductive toxicity and cellular mechanisms of flufenoxuron have not been identified. Our results indicate that flufenoxuron inhibits cellular proliferation and hampers calcium homeostasis, especially by targeting mitochondria. We also confirmed the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER-mitochondrial contact signaling. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we also observed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling pathways were upregulated by flufenoxuron. Further, by oral administration of flufenoxuron (100 mg/kg/bw) to C57BL/6 male mice, we observed transcriptional changes in the testis-related genes. Collectively, we demonstrated that flufenoxuron inhibits cell proliferation and alters gene expression in mouse testis cells and induces testicular dysfunction in mice. These results indicate that flufenoxuron may be harmful to male reproduction and fertility in the early stages of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ham
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Veenstra JP, Vemu B, Tocmo R, Nauman MC, Johnson JJ. Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol in Standardized Rosemary Extract and the Effect on the Disease Activity Index of DSS-Induced Colitis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030773. [PMID: 33673488 PMCID: PMC7997407 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary extract (RE) is an approved food preservative in the European Union and contains dietary phytochemicals that are beneficial for gastrointestinal health. This study investigated the effects of RE on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and also determined the pharmacokinetics of dietary phytochemicals administered to mice via oral gavage. Individual components of rosemary extract were separated and identified by LC–MS/MS. The pharmacokinetics of two major diterpenes from RE, carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CL), administered to mice via oral gavage were determined. Then, the effect of RE pre-treatment on the disease activity index (DAI) of DSS-induced colitis in mice was investigated. The study determined that 100 mg/kg RE significantly improved DAI in DSS-induced colitis compared to negative control. Sestrin 2 protein expression, which increased with DSS exposure, was reduced with RE treatment. Intestinal barrier integrity was also shown to improve via fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran administration and Western blot of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), a tight junction protein. Rosemary extract was able to improve the DAI of DSS-induced colitis in mice at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg and showed improvement in the intestinal barrier integrity. This study suggests that RE can be an effective preventative agent against IBD.
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Ham J, You S, Lim W, Song G. Bifenthrin impairs the functions of Leydig and Sertoli cells in mice via mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum dysregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115174. [PMID: 32683091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin (BF) is a synthetic insecticide that is widely used in fields, resulting in an increase in its exposure to animals. However, reports on the toxic effects of BF on mammalian species and the underlying mechanism are still lacking. Here, we elucidated the mechanism underlying the toxic effects of BF on mouse reproduction using cell lines of immature mouse Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) cells, which are constituent cells of testes. Our results show that BF suppressed the proliferation and viability of TM3 and TM4 cells. Additionally, treatment with BF induced cell cycle arrest, apoptotic cell death, and DNA fragmentation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of calcium homeostasis were observed in BF-treated TM3 and TM4 cells. Further, bifenthrin modulated unfolded protein response and mitochondrion-associated membrane and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways. The expression of the mRNAs related to cell cycle progression, steroidogenesis, and spermatogenesis was downregulated by BF, suggestive of testicular toxicity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the intracellular mechanism of action of BF to involve antiproliferative and apoptotic effects and testicular dysfunction in mouse testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ham
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and survival by targeting Akt and mTOR. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110717. [PMID: 33152908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer in North American men and is typically classified as either androgen receptor positive or negative depending on the expression of the androgen receptor (AR). AR positive prostate cancer can be treated with hormone therapy while AR negative prostate cancer is aggressive and does not respond to hormone therapy. It has been previously reported that rosemary extract (RE) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. In the present study, we found that treatment of the androgen-insensitive PC-3 prostate cancer cells with RE resulted in a significant inhibition of proliferation, survival, migration, Akt, and mTOR signaling. In addition, treatment of the androgen-sensitive 22RV1 prostate cancer cells with RE resulted in a significant inhibition of proliferation and survival while RE had no effect on normal prostate epithelial PNT1A cells. These findings suggest that RE has potent effects against prostate cancer and warrants further investigation.
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Puckett DL, Alquraishi M, Alani D, Chahed S, Donohoe D, Voy B, Whelan J, Bettaieb A. Zyflamend induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via modulation of the JNK pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:126. [PMID: 32795297 PMCID: PMC7427957 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current pharmacological therapies and treatments targeting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) have proven ineffective, far too often. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Zyflamend, a combination of anti-inflammatory herbal extracts, that has proven to be effective in various in vitro and in vivo cancer platforms, shows promise. However, its effects on pancreatic cancer, in particular, remain largely unexplored. Methods In the current study, we investigated the effects of Zyflamend on the survival of beta-TC-6 pancreatic insulinoma cells (β-TC6) and conducted a detailed analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Herein, we demonstrate that Zyflamend treatment decreased cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, concomitant with increased apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. At the molecular level, treatment with Zyflamend led to the induction of ER stress, autophagy, and the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of JNK abrogated the pro-apoptotic effects of Zyflamend. Furthermore, Zyflamend exacerbated the effects of streptozotocin and adriamycin-induced ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. Conclusion The current study identifies Zyflamend as a potential novel adjuvant in the treatment of pancreatic cancer via modulation of the JNK pathway. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter L Puckett
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Mohammed Alquraishi
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Dina Alani
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Samah Chahed
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Dallas Donohoe
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Brynn Voy
- Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA.,Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Jay Whelan
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA.,Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA. .,Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA.
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13
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Wang Z, Zhao Y, Zhao H, Zhou J, Feng D, Tang F, Li Y, Lv L, Chen Z, Ma X, Tian X, Yao J. Inhibition of p66Shc Oxidative Signaling via CA-Induced Upregulation of miR-203a-3p Alleviates Liver Fibrosis Progression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:751-763. [PMID: 32781430 PMCID: PMC7417942 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that inhibition of p66Shc confers protection against hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation during liver fibrosis. However, the effect of p66Shc on HSC proliferation, as well as the mechanism by which p66Shc is modulated, remains unknown. Here, we elucidated the effect of p66Shc on HSC proliferation and evaluated microRNA (miRNA)-p66Shc-mediated reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation in liver fibrosis. An in vivo model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats and an LX-2 cell model were developed. p66Shc expression was significantly upregulated in rats with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and in human fibrotic livers. Additionally, p66Shc knockdown in vitro attenuated mitochondrial ROS generation and HSC proliferation. Interestingly, p66Shc promoted HSC proliferation via β-catenin dephosphorylation in vitro. MicroRNA (miR)-203a-3p, which was identified by microarray and bioinformatics analyses, directly inhibited p66Shc translation and attenuated HSC proliferation in vitro. Importantly, p66Shc was found to play an indispensable role in the protective effect of miR-203a-3p. Furthermore, carnosic acid (CA), the major antioxidant compound extracted from rosemary leaves, protected against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through the miR-203a-3p/p66Shc axis. Collectively, these results suggest that p66Shc, which is directly suppressed by miR-203a-3p, is a key regulator of liver fibrosis. This finding may lead to the development of therapeutic targets for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Junjun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Dongcheng Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fan Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Li Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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14
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Allegra A, Tonacci A, Pioggia G, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Anticancer Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potentials. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1739. [PMID: 32532056 PMCID: PMC7352773 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative treatments for neoplastic diseases with new drugs are necessary because the clinical effectiveness of chemotherapy is often reduced by collateral effects. Several natural substances of plant origin have been demonstrated to be successful in the prevention and treatment of numerous tumors. Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a herb that is cultivated in diverse areas of the world. There is increasing attention being directed towards the pharmaceutical capacities of rosemary, utilized for its anti-inflammatory, anti-infective or anticancer action. The antitumor effect of rosemary has been related to diverse mechanisms, such as the antioxidant effect, antiangiogenic properties, epigenetic actions, regulation of the immune response and anti-inflammatory response, modification of specific metabolic pathways, and increased expression of onco-suppressor genes. In this review, we aim to report the results of preclinical studies dealing with the anticancer effects of rosemary, the molecular mechanisms related to these actions, and the interactions between rosemary and anticancer drugs. The prospect of utilizing rosemary as an agent in the treatment of different neoplastic diseases is discussed. However, although the use of rosemary in the therapy of neoplasms constitutes a fascinating field of study, large and controlled studies must be conducted to definitively clarify the real impact of this substance in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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15
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Sharifi-Rad J, Ezzat SM, El Bishbishy MH, Mnayer D, Sharopov F, Kılıç CS, Neagu M, Constantin C, Sharifi-Rad M, Atanassova M, Nicola S, Pignata G, Salehi B, Fokou PVT, Martins N. Rosmarinus plants: Key farm concepts towards food applications. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1474-1518. [PMID: 32058653 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinus species are aromatic plants that mainly grow in the Mediterranean region. They are widely used in folk medicine, food, and flavor industries and represent a valuable source of biologically active compounds (e.g., terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids). The extraction of rosemary essential oil is being done using three main methods: carbon dioxide supercritical extraction, steam distillation, and hydrodistillation. Furthermore, interesting antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, anthelmintic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antiamnesic effects have also been broadly recognized for rosemary plant extracts. Thus the present review summarized data on economically important Rosmarinus officinalis species, including isolation, extraction techniques, chemical composition, pharmaceutical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 11787, Egypt
| | - Mahitab H El Bishbishy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 11787, Egypt
| | - Dima Mnayer
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Ceyda S Kılıç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Pathology Department, "Colentina" Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Doctoral School, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Pathology Department, "Colentina" Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maria Atanassova
- Scientific Consulting, Chemical Engineering, UCTM, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvana Nicola
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignata
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Patrick V T Fokou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Albogami S, Darwish H, Abdelmigid HM, Alotaibi S, El-Deen AN, Alnefaie A, Alattas A. Anticancer Potential of Calli Versus Seedling Extracts Derived from Rosmarinus officinalis and Coleus hybridus. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1528-1538. [PMID: 32188380 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200318114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Saudi Arabia, the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer are high. Although current treatments are effective, breast cancer cells develop resistance to these treatments. Numerous studies have demonstrated that active compounds in plant extracts, such as the phenolic compound Rosmarinic Acid (RA), exert anti-cancer effects. OBJECTIVE We investigated the anticancer properties of methanolic crude extracts of seedlings and calli of Rosmarinus officinalis and Coleus hybridus, two Lamiaceae species. METHODS MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were treated with methanolic crude extracts obtained from plant calli and seedlings generated in vitro, and cell proliferation was evaluated. Transcriptional profiling of the seedling and callus tissues was also conducted. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of RA genes were higher in C. hybridus seedlings than in R. officinalis seedlings, as well as in C. hybridus calli than in R. officinalis calli, except for TAT and C4H. In addition, seedling and callus extracts of both R. officinalis and C. hybridus showed anti-proliferative effects against MCF-7 cells after 24 or 48 h of treatment. DISCUSSION At a low concentration of 10 μg/mL, C. hybridus calli and seedling extracts showed the most significant anti-proliferative effects after 24 and 48 h of exposure (p < 0.01); controls (doxorubicin) also showed significant inhibition, but lesser than that observed with C. hybridus (p < 0.05). Results with R. officinalis callus and seedling extracts did not significantly differ from those with untreated cells. CONCLUSION Methanolic extracts of R. officinalis and C. hybridus are potentially valuable options for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala M Abdelmigid
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqer Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nour El-Deen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alnefaie
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alattas
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Nassazi W, K’Owino I, Makatiani J, Wachira S. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv8i2p150-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals in Rosmarinus officinalis leaves, their total phenolic content, antioxidant potential and antiproliferative activity against human prostate (DU145), colon (CT26) and cervical (HeLa 229) cancer cells were investigated. Extraction was done separately using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. A total of 32 compounds were identified, eight of which were reported for the first time. The highest phenolic content was 476.80 ± 0.69 µg/ml for the methanolic extract which also had the highest antioxidant activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 5.39 ± 0.09 mg/ml. Extracts exhibited the highest toxicity against prostate cancer cells and the least against cervical cancer cells.
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18
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Wadosky KM, Shourideh M, Goodrich DW, Koochekpour S. Riluzole induces AR degradation via endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in androgen-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2019; 79:140-150. [PMID: 30280407 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is diagnosed at the highest rate of all non-cutaneous male cancers in the United States. The androgen-dependent (AD) transcription factor, androgen receptor (AR), drives PCa-but inhibiting AR or androgen biosynthesis induces remission for only a short time. At which point, patients acquire more aggressive castration-resistant (CR) disease with re-activated AR-dependent signaling. To combat treatment resistance, down-regulating AR protein expression has been considered as a potential treatment strategy for CR-PCa. METHODS AD- and CR-PCa cell lines were treated with the well-tolerated FDA-approved oral medicine, riluzole. Expression of full-length or wild-type AR (AR-FL) and constitutively active AR-splice variant 7 (AR-V7) was assessed by immunoblotting. AR-FL/AR-V7 activity was measured using qRT-PCR of AR-target genes. Cytoplasmic [Ca2+ ] levels were measured using a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator microplate assay. Markers of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway and autophagy were assessed by immunoblotting. Direct interaction between AR and selective autophagy receptor p62 was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS We demonstrate that riluzole downregulates AR-FL, mutant ARs, and AR-V7 proteins expression by protein degradation through ERS pathway and selective autophagy. Riluzole also significantly inhibited AR transcription activity by decreasing its target genes expression (PSA, TMPRSS2, and KLK2). CONCLUSIONS We provide key mechanistic insights by which riluzole exerts its anti-tumorigenic effects and induces AR protein degradation via ERS pathways. Our findings support the potential utility of riluzole for treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Wadosky
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Center for Genomics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mojgan Shourideh
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Center for Genomics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genomics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Shahriar Koochekpour
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Center for Genomics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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19
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Ferella L, Bastón JI, Bilotas MA, Singla JJ, González AM, Olivares CN, Meresman GF. Active compounds present inRosmarinus officinalis leaves andScutellaria baicalensis root evaluated as new therapeutic agents for endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 37:769-782. [PMID: 30446309 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Can carnosic acid, (CA) rosmarinic acid (RA) and wogonin (WG) inhibit the growth of cultured human endometrial stromal cells and endometriotic-like lesions induced in a BALB/c model of endometriosis? DESIGN Primary stromal cell cultures were established from endometrial biopsies from women with endometriosis and controls. The human endometrial stromal cell line T-HESC was also used for in-vitro experiments. Endometriosis was surgically induced in BALB/c mice, which were randomly assigned to CA 2 mg/kg/day (n = 11); CA 20 mg/kg/day (n = 10); RA 1 mg/kg/day (n = 11); RA 3 mg/kg/day (n = 10); WG 20 mg/kg/day (n = 12); intraperitoneal vehicle control (n = 8) or oral vehicle control (n = 11). After surgery, CA and RA were administered intraperitoneally on days 14-28. WG was administered orally by intragastric gavage on days 14-26. RESULTS CA, RA and WG significantly inhibited in-vitro cell proliferation in primary and T-HESC cell cultures (P < 0.05). CA and WG induced cell cycle arrest of T-HESC at the G2/M phase (P < 0.01). RA reduced intracellular ROS accumulation (P < 0.001), whereas WG increased it (P < 0.05). WG significantly inhibited oestrogen receptor alpha expression in T-HESC (P < 0.01). In-vivo, CA, RA and WG significantly reduced lesions size (P < 0.05). All compounds significantly decreased the percentage of cells in proliferation (P < 0.05) whereas RA and WG further increased the percentage of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05) in endometriotic-like lesions. CONCLUSIONS The results are promising; further investigation of these compounds as new therapeutics is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Ferella
- Laboratorio de fisiopatología endometrial, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Bastón
- Laboratorio de fisiopatología endometrial, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Mariela Andrea Bilotas
- Laboratorio de inmunología de la reproducción, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME- CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - José Javier Singla
- Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Av. Córdoba 2351, Buenos Aires C1120AAR, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Martín González
- Hospital Naval de Buenos Aires "Cirujano Mayor Dr. Pedro Mallo", Av. Patricias Argentinas 351, Buenos Aires C1405BWD, Argentina
| | - Carla Noemí Olivares
- Laboratorio de fisiopatología endometrial, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Fabiana Meresman
- Laboratorio de fisiopatología endometrial, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina.
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20
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Yan M, Vemu B, Veenstra J, Petiwala SM, Johnson JJ. Carnosol, a dietary diterpene from rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis) activates Nrf2 leading to sestrin 2 induction in colon cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5. [PMID: 30972223 DOI: 10.15761/imm.1000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Rosemary is abundant with phytochemicals and has recently been approved as an antioxidant food preservative in the European Union. The safety of rosemary is well established, however, the benefits on gastrointestinal health are less known. Our overall hypothesis is that the phytochemicals in rosemary including carnosol have the potential to promote gastrointestinal health by activation of the antioxidant sestrin-2 when consumed in our diet. Methods Colon cells HCT116 and SW480 were treated with carnosol and evaluated by MTT, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and Western blot analysis to understand the modulation of the PERK/Nrf2/Sestrin-2 pathway. Results Carnosol was found to modulate PERK and increase the concentration of nuclear Nrf2. Furthermore, a downstream marker of Nrf2 expression, Sestrin-2 was shown to be upregulated. Conclusion Based on these observations carnosol modulates the PERK and Nrf2 pathways along with increased expression of sestrin-2, a known stress inducible antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bhaskar Vemu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jacob Veenstra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sakina M Petiwala
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jeremy J Johnson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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21
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Mediterranean essential oils as precious matrix components and active ingredients of lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:217-226. [PMID: 29966744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils are recognized as valuable active pharmaceutical ingredients attributed to a set of biological properties, which include antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, immune-modulatory, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Their use in pharmaceutics is however compromised by their limited water solubility and low physicochemical stability (i.e. volatility, oxidation). In order to overcome these limitations, we aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) as delivery systems for Mediterranean essential oils, in particular Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lavandula x intermedia "Sumian", Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum and Thymus capitatus essential oils, selected on the basis of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. NLC composed of Softisan (as solid lipid) have been produced by phase inversion temperature (PIT) and high-pressure homogenization (HPH), using two different emulsifiers systems. Particles have been further characterized for their mean particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, morphology and chemical interactions. Best NLC formulations were obtained with Kolliphor/Labrafil as surfactants, and using Rosmarinus, Lavandula and Origanum as essential oils (PDI between 0.126 and 0.141, Zave < 200 nm). Accelerated stability studies have also been carried out to estimate the effect of the production method and surfactant composition on the long-term stability of EOs-loaded NLC. In vitro biological cell viability and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in Raw 264.7 cells (macrophage cell line), while in vitro antioxidant activity was checked by DPPH assay. Lavandula and Rosmarinus NLC were shown to be the most biocompatible formulations up to a concentration of 0.1% (v/v), whereas they were able to induce a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in the order Lavandula > Rosmarinus ≥ Origanum.
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22
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Zhang S, Wang Z, Zhu J, Xu T, Zhao Y, Zhao H, Tang F, Li Z, Zhou J, Gao D, Tian X, Yao J. Carnosic Acid Alleviates BDL-Induced Liver Fibrosis through miR-29b-3p-Mediated Inhibition of the High-Mobility Group Box 1/Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:976. [PMID: 29403377 PMCID: PMC5780338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis reflects a progression to liver cancer or cirrhosis of the liver. Recent studies have shown that high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) plays a major role in hepatic injury and fibrosis. Carnosic acid (CA), a compound extracted from rosemary, has been reported to alleviate alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver injury. CA can also alleviate renal fibrosis. We hypothesized that CA might exert anti-liver fibrosis properties through an HMGB1-related pathway, and the results of the present study showed that CA treatment significantly protected against hepatic fibrosis in a bile duct ligation (BDL) rat model. CA reduced the liver expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen 1 (Col-1). Importantly, we found that CA ameliorated the increase in HMGB1 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) caused by BDL, and inhibited NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in fibrotic livers. In vitro, CA inhibited LX2 cell activation by inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway. Furthermore, miR-29b-3p decreased HMGB1 expression, and a dual-luciferase assay validated these results. Moreover, CA down-regulated HMGB1 and inhibited LX2 cell activation, and these effects were significantly counteracted by antago-miR-29b-3p, indicating that the CA-mediated inhibition of HMGB1 expression might be miR-29b-3p dependent. Collectively, the results demonstrate that a miR-29b-3p/HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, which can be modulated by CA, is important in liver fibrosis, and indicate that CA might be a prospective therapeutic drug for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenlu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junjun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Yang Y, Liu L, Naik I, Braunstein Z, Zhong J, Ren B. Transcription Factor C/EBP Homologous Protein in Health and Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1612. [PMID: 29230213 PMCID: PMC5712004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), known also as DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 and as growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153), is induced in response to certain stressors. CHOP is universally acknowledged as a main conduit to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Ongoing research established the existence of CHOP-mediated apoptosis signaling networks, for which novel downstream targets are still being determined. However, there are studies that contradict this notion and assert that apoptosis is not the only mechanism by which CHOP plays in the development of pathologies. In this review, insights into the roles of CHOP in pathophysiology are summarized at the molecular and cellular levels. We further focus on the newest advances that implicate CHOP in human diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and notably, fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ishan Naik
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Boxu Ren
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Yang N, Xia Z, Shao N, Li B, Xue L, Peng Y, Zhi F, Yang Y. Carnosic acid prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis associated with the regulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11036. [PMID: 28887507 PMCID: PMC5591263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) with high prevalence in humans. Carnosic acid (CA) has been reported to possess antioxidative properties; however, its role in IBDs has not been determined. In the present study, we found that CA significantly prevented the loss of body weight and shortening of colon length in acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Pronounced infiltration of immune cells and a loss of crypt architecture and goblet cells were ameliorated by CA. CA significantly decreased the activity of MPO and infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages in the colon. DSS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein levels in the colon were also attenuated by CA. CA decreased the activation of p65 and c-Jun signalling. CA inhibited DSS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing caspase 1 activity. In addition, CA increased the level of Nrf2 and prevented the degradation of Nrf2 via ubiquitination by blocking the interaction between Cullin3 and Keap1, which resulted in the decrease of Nrf2 target genes. Finally, GSH levels and SOD activity were increased after CA treatment, while MDA and iNOS levels were significantly reduced. Taken together, our data showed that CA may be useful as a potential therapeutic candidate for IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Yang
- Office of Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongling Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naiyuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lian Xue
- Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yilin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Modern Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ) as a functional ingredient: recent scientific evidence. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Xu T, Zhou J, Zhu J, Zhang S, Zhang N, Zhao Y, Ding C, Shi X, Yao J. Carnosic acid protects non-alcoholic fatty liver-induced dopaminergic neuron injury in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:483-491. [PMID: 27957651 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported to induce cognitive impairments of hippocampus and may influence central nervous system. In the present study, we investigated whether carnosic acid (CA) ameliorates dopaminergic neuron injury in a rat model of NAFLD. In order to induce NAFLD, rats were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. We found that continued CA administration reduced lipid accumulation marked by decreases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in the serum. H&E staining revealed that feeding CA reduced lipid droplets accumulation, and alleviated oxidative stress by increasing in superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and decreasing in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the liver. In addition, by measuring several parameters of gait analysis, we demonstrated that CA treatment ameliorated behavioral impairments, as evidenced by decreased duration and maximum variation, accompanied by increased average speed and cadence. Furthermore, CA treated-animals displayed an increase in the contents of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacelic acid (DOPAC) and elevated the expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) as well as the TH protein in the striatum. Together, these findings suggest that CA may be an effective agent in protecting rats from NAFLD-induced dopaminergic neuron injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchun Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
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Valdés A, García-Cañas V, Pérez-Sánchez A, Barrajón-Catalán E, Ruiz-Torres V, Artemenko KA, Micol V, Bergquist J, Cifuentes A. Shotgun proteomic analysis to study the decrease of xenograft tumor growth after rosemary extract treatment. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1499:90-100. [PMID: 28389096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The antiproliferative activity of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) has been widely studied in different in vitro and in vivo models, which demonstrate that rosemary extracts inhibit the cellular proliferation due to its ability to interact with a wide spectrum of molecular targets. However, a comprehensive proteomics study in vivo has not been carried out yet. In the present work, the effects of rosemary extract on xenograft tumor growth has been studied and, for the first time, a shotgun proteomic analysis based on nano-LC-MS/MS together with stable isotope dimethyl labeling (DML) has been applied to investigate the global protein changes in vivo. Our results show that the daily administration of a polyphenol-enriched rosemary extract reduces the progression of colorectal cancer in vivo with the subsequent deregulation of 74 proteins. The bioinformatic analysis of these proteins indicates that the rosemary extract mainly alters the RNA Post-Transcriptional Modification, the Protein Synthesis and the Amino Acid Metabolism functions and suggests the inactivation of the oncogene MYC. These results demonstrate the high utility of the proposed analytical methodology to determine, simultaneously, the expression levels of a large number of protein biomarkers and to generate new hypothesis about the molecular mechanisms of this extract in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia García-Cañas
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Pérez-Sánchez
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Verónica Ruiz-Torres
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Konstantin A Artemenko
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain; CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), Spain
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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de Oliveira JR, de Jesus D, Figueira LW, de Oliveira FE, Pacheco Soares C, Camargo SEA, Jorge AOC, de Oliveira LD. Biological activities of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) extract as analyzed in microorganisms and cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:625-634. [PMID: 28093936 PMCID: PMC5685262 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216688571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
R. officinalis L. is an aromatic plant commonly used as condiment and for medicinal purposes. Biological activities of its extract were evaluated in this study, as antimicrobial effect on mono- and polymicrobial biofilms, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory capacity, and genotoxicity. Monomicrobial biofilms of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and polymicrobial biofilms composed of C. albicans with each bacterium were formed in microplates during 48 h and exposed for 5 min to R. officinalis L. extract (200 mg/mL). Its cytotoxic effect was examined on murine macrophages (RAW 264.7), human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1), human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7), and cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) after exposure to different concentrations of the extract, analyzed by MTT, neutral red (NR), and crystal violet (CV) assays. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on RAW 264.7 non-stimulated or stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli and treated with different concentrations of the extract for 24 h. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were quantified by ELISA. Genotoxicity was verified by the frequency of micronuclei (MN) at 1000 cells after exposure to concentrations of the extract for 24 h. Data were analyzed by T-Test or ANOVA and Tukey Test ( P ≤ 0.05). Thus, significant reductions in colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were observed in all biofilms. Regarding the cells, it was observed that concentrations ≤ 50 mg/mL provided cell viability of above 50%. Production of proinflammatory cytokines in the treated groups was similar or lower compared to the control group. The MN frequency in the groups exposed to extract was similar or less than the untreated group. It was shown that R. officinalis L. extract was effective on mono- and polymicrobial biofilms; it also provided cell viability of above 50% (at ≤ 50 mg/mL), showed anti-inflammatory effect, and was not genotoxic. Impact statement Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract effectively contributed to in vitro control of important species of microorganisms such as Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mono- and polymicrobial biofilms that are responsible for several infections in oral cavity as in other regions of the body. Furthermore, this extract promoted also cell viability above 50% at concentrations ≤ 50 mg/mL, excellent anti-inflammatory effect, showing inhibition or reduction of the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, being also non-genotoxic to cell lines studied. Thus, this extract may be a promising therapeutic agent that can be added in some medical and dental formulations such as toothpastes, mouthwashes, irrigating root canals, ointments, soaps, in order to control pathogenic microorganisms and biofilms, with anti-inflammatory effect and absence of cytotoxic and genotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista/UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Daiane de Jesus
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista/UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Leandro Wagner Figueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista/UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe Eduardo de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista/UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pacheco Soares
- Institute of Research and Development, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba/UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12244-000 Brazil
| | - Samira Estves Afonso Camargo
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista/UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista/UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista/UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
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Rosemary Extracts Upregulate Nrf2, Sestrin2, and MRP2 Protein Level in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7359806. [PMID: 28286534 PMCID: PMC5327778 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7359806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the incidence of liver cancer has been rapidly rising across the world. Rosemary is known to possess antioxidant activity and is used as natural antioxidant food preservative. It is proposed to have anticancer activity in treating different tumor models. In this study, we try to explore the impact of rosemary extracts on upregulating the level of Nrf2 and Nrf2-regulatory proteins, Sestrin2 and MRP2 in HepG2 cells, and to speculate its potential mechanism. The anticancer activity of rosemary extract, including its polyphenolic diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol, was evaluated to understand the potential effect on HepG2 cells. Rosemary extract, carnosic acid, and carnosol induced the expression of Sestrin2 and MRP2 associate with enhancement of Nrf2 protein level in HepG2 cells, in which carnosic acid showed most obvious effect. Although the activation pathway of Nrf2/ARE was not exactly assessed, it can be assumed that the enhancement of expression of Sestrin2 and MRP2 may result from upregulation of Nrf2.
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Moore J, Yousef M, Tsiani E. Anticancer Effects of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract and Rosemary Extract Polyphenols. Nutrients 2016; 8:E731. [PMID: 27869665 PMCID: PMC5133115 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells display enhanced growth rates and a resistance to apoptosis. The ability of cancer cells to evade homeostasis and proliferate uncontrollably while avoiding programmed cell death/apoptosis is acquired through mutations to key signaling molecules, which regulate pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival. Compounds of plant origin, including food components, have attracted scientific attention for use as agents for cancer prevention and treatment. The exploration into natural products offers great opportunity to evaluate new anticancer agents as well as understand novel and potentially relevant mechanisms of action. Rosemary extract has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anticancer properties. Rosemary extract contains many polyphenols with carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid found in highest concentrations. The present review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on the anticancer effects of rosemary extract and the rosemary extract polyphenols carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, and their effects on key signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Moore
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Michael Yousef
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Valdés A, García-Cañas V, Artemenko KA, Simó C, Bergquist J, Cifuentes A. Nano-liquid Chromatography-orbitrap MS-based Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Differences Between the Mechanisms of Action of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol in Colon Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 16:8-22. [PMID: 27834734 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS) are two structurally related diterpenes present in rosemary herb (Rosmarinus officinalis). Although several studies have demonstrated that both diterpenes can scavenge free radicals and interfere in cellular processes such as cell proliferation, they may not necessarily exert the same effects at the molecular level. In this work, a shotgun proteomics study based on stable isotope dimethyl labeling (DML) and nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) has been performed to identify the relative changes in proteins and to gain some light on the specific molecular targets and mechanisms of action of CA and CS in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Protein profiles revealed that CA and CS induce different Nrf2-mediated response. Furthermore, examination of our data revealed that each diterpene affects protein homeostasis by different mechanisms. CA treatment induces the expression of proteins involved in the unfolded protein response in a concentration dependent manner reflecting ER stress, whereas CS directly inhibits chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome. In conclusion, the unbiased proteomics-wide method applied in the present study has demonstrated to be a powerful tool to reveal differences on the mechanisms of action of two related bioactive compounds in the same biological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- From the ‡Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia García-Cañas
- From the ‡Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Konstantin A Artemenko
- §Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carolina Simó
- From the ‡Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- §Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- From the ‡Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Khalid EB, Ayman EMEK, Rahman H, Abdelkarim G, Najda A. Natural products against cancer angiogenesis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14513-14536. [PMID: 27651162 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of angiogenesis is quite well-known nowadays. Some medicines and extracts affecting this process are already used routinely in supporting the conventional treatment of many diseases that are considered angiogenic such as cancer. However, we must be aware that the area of currently used drugs of this type is much narrower than the theoretical possibilities existing in therapeutic angiogenesis. Plant substances are a large and diverse group of compounds that are found naturally in fruits, vegetables, spices, and medicinal plants. They also have different anticancer properties. The aim of this literature review article is to present the current state of knowledge concerning the molecular targets of tumor angiogenesis and the active substances (polyphenols, alkaloids, phytohormones, carbohydrates, and terpenes) derived from natural sources, whose activity against cancer angiogenesis has been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Bairi Khalid
- Independent Research Team in Cancer Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed 1st, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - El-Meghawry El-Kenawy Ayman
- Department of Molecular Biology GEBRI, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heshu Rahman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, ChaqChaq, Qularasy, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Guaadaoui Abdelkarim
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology (LGB), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed 1st University (UMP), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Quality Laboratory of Vegetable and Medicinal Materials, Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego Street 58, 20-068, Lublin, Poland
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Moore J, Megaly M, MacNeil AJ, Klentrou P, Tsiani E. Rosemary extract reduces Akt/mTOR/p70S6K activation and inhibits proliferation and survival of A549 human lung cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:725-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Xie M, Sun M, Zhu YN, Xia R, Liu YW, Ding J, Ma HW, He XZ, Zhang ZH, Liu ZJ, Liu XH, De W. Long noncoding RNA HOXA-AS2 promotes gastric cancer proliferation by epigenetically silencing P21/PLK3/DDIT3 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33587-601. [PMID: 26384350 PMCID: PMC4741787 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be an important class of functional regulators involved in human cancers development, including gastric cancer (GC). Here, we reported that HOXA cluster antisense RNA2 (HOXA-AS2), a 1048bp RNA, was upregulated in GC. Increased HOXA-AS2 expression in GC was associated with larger tumor size and higher clinical stage; patients with higher levels of HOXA-AS2 expression had a relatively poor prognosis. Further experiments revealed that HOXA-AS2 knockdown significantly inhibited GC cells proliferation by causing G1 arrest and promoting apoptosis, whereas HOXA-AS2 overexpression promoted cell growth. Furthermore, HOXA-AS2 could epigenetically repress the expression of P21, PLK3, and DDIT3 via binding with EZH2 (enhaner of zeste homolog 2), a key component of PRC2; ChIP assays demonstrated that EZH2 could directly bind to the promoter of P21, PLK3 and DDIT3, inducing H3K27 trimethylated. In conclusion, these data suggest that HOXA-AS2 could be an oncogene for GC partly through suppressing P21, PLK3, and DDIT3 expression; HOXA-AS2 may be served as a candidate prognostic biomarker and target for new therapies in human GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-nan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-wen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-wei Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-zhi He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-hua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei De
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Zheng J, Zhou Y, Li Y, Xu DP, Li S, Li HB. Spices for Prevention and Treatment of Cancers. Nutrients 2016; 8:E495. [PMID: 27529277 PMCID: PMC4997408 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spices have been widely used as food flavorings and folk medicines for thousands of years. Numerous studies have documented the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of spices, which might be related to prevention and treatment of several cancers, including lung, liver, breast, stomach, colorectum, cervix, and prostate cancers. Several spices are potential sources for prevention and treatment of cancers, such as Curcuma longa (tumeric), Nigella sativa (black cumin), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Allium sativum (garlic), Crocus sativus (saffron), Piper nigrum (black pepper) and Capsicum annum (chili pepper), which contained several important bioactive compounds, such as curcumin, thymoquinone, piperine and capsaicin. The main mechanisms of action include inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion of tumors, and sensitizing tumors to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review summarized recent studies on some spices for prevention and treatment of cancers, and special attention was paid to bioactive components and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Petiwala SM, Li G, Bosland MC, Lantvit DD, Petukhov PA, Johnson JJ. Carnosic acid promotes degradation of the androgen receptor and is regulated by the unfolded protein response pathwayin vitroandin vivo. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:827-838. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Valdés A, Artemenko KA, Bergquist J, García-Cañas V, Cifuentes A. Comprehensive Proteomic Study of the Antiproliferative Activity of a Polyphenol-Enriched Rosemary Extract on Colon Cancer Cells Using Nanoliquid Chromatography–Orbitrap MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1971-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory
of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Konstantin A. Artemenko
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Virginia García-Cañas
- Laboratory
of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory
of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Jung KJ, Min KJ, Bae JH, Kwon TK. Carnosic acid sensitized TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through down-regulation of c-FLIP and Bcl-2 expression at the post translational levels and CHOP-dependent up-regulation of DR5, Bim, and PUMA expression in human carcinoma caki cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1556-68. [PMID: 25596735 PMCID: PMC4359314 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid is a phenolic diterpene from rosmarinus officinalis, and has multiple functions, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-tumor activity. In this study, we examined whether carnosic acid could sensitize TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human renal carcinoma Caki cells. We found that carnosic acid markedly induced TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human renal carcinoma (Caki, ACHN, and A498), and human hepatocellular carcinoma (SK-HEP-1), and human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells, but not normal cells (TMCK-1 and HSF). Carnosic acid induced down-regulation of c-FLIP and Bcl-2 expression at the post-translational levels, and the over-expression of c-FLIP and Bcl-2 markedly blocked carnosic acid-induced TRAIL sensitization. Furthermore, carnosic acid induced death receptor (DR)5, Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), and p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression at the transcriptional levels via CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP). Down-regulation of CHOP expression by siRNA inhibited DR5, Bim, and PUMA expression, and attenuated carnosic acid plus TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that carnosic acid enhances sensitization against TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through the down-regulation of c-FLIP and Bcl-2 expression, and up-regulation of ER stress-mediated DR5, Bim, and PUMA expression at the transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Jin Jung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Bae
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
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Zhang TW, Xing L, Tang JL, Lu JX, Liu CX. Marchantin M Induces Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3570-6. [PMID: 26581488 PMCID: PMC4657764 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis is mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, mitochondrial pathway, and death receptor. Data herein suggested an inhibitory effect of marchantin M on tumor formation in nude mice as well as the impact on CHOP and GRP78 expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS The role of marchantin M on proliferation and apoptosis of DU145 cells were measured by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of GRP78 and CHOP. The mice received abdominal injection at 1 time/2 d and 2 ml/time. Tumor volume was measured every 6 days. The mice were euthanatized 30 days after marchantin injection and tumor weight was measured. Cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL. The expressions of CHOP and GRP78 were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Tumor size and weight in marchantin groups were significantly lower than in the control group (A, B) (P<0.05), and the inhibitory rate presented a dose-dependent increase. Compared with controls, the levels of CHOP and GRP78 expression elevated obviously following the treatment with marchantin (P<0.05). It showed statistically significant difference among groups C, D, E, with different levels of apoptosis indexes incremented in groups of marchantin H, M, L, compared with groups A and B (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study shows that marchantin M circumvents the growth of prostate cancer PC-3 tumor and up-regulates expressions of CHOP and GRP78. Our data also indicate that marchantin M limits the proliferation and favors apoptosis of DU145 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li Xing
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Long Tang
- Shenzhen Tumor Immuno-Gene Therapy Clinical Application Engineering Lab, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xiao Lu
- Shenzhen Tumor Immuno-Gene Therapy Clinical Application Engineering Lab, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Xiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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González-Vallinas M, Reglero G, Ramírez de Molina A. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract as a Potential Complementary Agent in Anticancer Therapy. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1221-9. [PMID: 26452641 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1082110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains an important cause of mortality nowadays and, therefore, new therapeutic approaches are still needed. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has been reported to possess antitumor activities both in vitro and in animal studies. Some of these activities were attributed to its major components, such as carnosic acid, carnosol, ursolic acid, and rosmarinic acid. Initially, the antitumor effects of rosemary were attributed to its antioxidant activity. However, in recent years, a lack of correlation between antioxidant and antitumor effects exerted by rosemary was reported, and different molecular mechanisms were related to its tumor inhibitory properties. Moreover, supported by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Food and Safety Authority, specific compositions of rosemary extract were demonstrated to be safe for human health and used as antioxidant additive in foods, suggesting the potential easy application of this agent as a complementary approach in cancer therapy. In this review, we aim to summarize the reported anticancer effects of rosemary, the demonstrated molecular mechanisms related to these effects and the interactions between rosemary and currently used anticancer agents. The possibility of using rosemary extract as a complementary agent in cancer therapy in comparison with its isolated components is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita González-Vallinas
- a Unit of Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies on Food (IMDEA Food), Campus of International Excellence, (CEI) UAM+CSIC , Madrid , Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- b Unit of Food Products for Health , Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies on Food (IMDEA Food) and Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research , Campus of International Excellence, (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- a Unit of Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies on Food (IMDEA Food), Campus of International Excellence, (CEI) UAM+CSIC , Madrid , Spain
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41
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Petiwala SM, Johnson JJ. Diterpenes from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): Defining their potential for anti-cancer activity. Cancer Lett 2015; 367:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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Marrelli M, Cristaldi B, Menichini F, Conforti F. Inhibitory effects of wild dietary plants on lipid peroxidation and on the proliferation of human cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:16-24. [PMID: 26408343 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen hydroalcoholic extracts of edible plants from Southern Italy were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity on three human cancer cell lines: breast cancer MCF-7, hepatic cancer HepG2 and colorectal cancer LoVo. After 48 h of incubation the most antiproliferative plant extract was rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) on LoVo cell line with IC50 of 16.60 µg/ml. Oregano (Origanum vulgare L. subsp. viridulum) showed a selective antiproliferative activity on hepatic cancer with IC50 of 32.59 µg/ml. All the extracts, with the exception of Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC., exerted antioxidant properties, the most active plants being dewberry (Rubus caesius L.) and "laprista" (Rumex conglomerates Murray) with IC50 of 4.91 and 5.53 µg/ml, respectively. Rumex conglomeratus contained the highest amount of flavonoids (15.5 mg/g) followed by Portulaca oleracea L. (11.8 mg/g). Rosmarinus officinalis contained the highest number of terpenes. Among them ketoursene (14.7%) and aristolone (11.3%) were found to be the major constituents. P. oleracea and Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. landra contained the highest number of sterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Brigida Cristaldi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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43
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Antiviral activity of some plant oils against herpes simplex virus type 1 in Vero cell culture. J Acute Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacme.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Shan W, Gao L, Zeng W, Hu Y, Wang G, Li M, Zhou J, Ma X, Tian X, Yao J. Activation of the SIRT1/p66shc antiapoptosis pathway via carnosic acid-induced inhibition of miR-34a protects rats against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Death Dis 2015. [PMID: 26203862 PMCID: PMC4650741 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that miR-34a expression is significantly upregulated and associated with apoptosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Carnosic acid (CA) is a novel antioxidant and a potential inhibitor of apoptosis in organ injury, including liver injury. This study aimed to investigate the signaling mechanisms underlying miR-34a expression and the antiapoptotic effect of CA in NAFLD. CA treatment significantly reduced the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced elevations in aminotransferase activity as well as in serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels but increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Moreover, CA treatment ameliorated the increase in cleaved caspase-3 caused by HFD exposure and completely reversed the HFD-induced decreases in manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large expression. CA also counteracted the HFD- or palmitic acid (PA)-induced increases in caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity. Mechanistically, CA reversed the HFD- or PA-induced upregulation of miR-34a, which is the best-characterized regulator of SIRT1. Importantly, the decrease in miR-34a expression was closely associated with the activation of the SIRT1/p66shc pathway, which attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. A dual luciferase assay in L02 cells validated the modulation of SIRT1 by CA, which occurs at least partly via miR-34a. In addition, miR-34a overexpression was significantly counteracted by CA, which prevented the miR-34a-dependent repression of the SIRT1/p66shc pathway and apoptosis. Collectively, our results support a link between liver cell apoptosis and the miR-34a/SIRT1/p66shc pathway, which can be modulated by CA in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shan
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - L Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - W Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Y Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - G Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - X Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - X Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - J Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Standardized rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract induces Nrf2/sestrin-2 pathway in colon cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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46
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Farooqi AA, Sarkar FH. Overview on the complexity of androgen receptor-targeted therapy for prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:7. [PMID: 25705125 PMCID: PMC4336517 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, the field of prostate cancer (PCa) biology has developed exponentially and paralleled with that has been the growing interest in translation of laboratory findings into clinical practice. Based on overwhelming evidence of high impact research findings which support the underlying cause of insufficient drug efficacy in patients progressing on standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is due to persistent activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis. Therefore, newer agents must be discovered especially because newer ADT such as abiraterone and enzalutamide are becoming ineffective due to rapid development of resistance to these agents. High-throughput technologies are generating massive and highly dimensional genetic variation data that has helped in developing a better understanding of the dynamic repertoire of AR and AR variants. Full length AR protein and its variants modulate a sophisticated regulatory system to orchestrate cellular responses. We partition this multicomponent review into subsections addressing the underlying mechanisms of resistance to recent therapeutics, positive and negative regulators of AR signaling cascade, and how SUMOylation modulates AR induced transcriptional activity. Experimentally verified findings obtained from cell culture and preclinical studies focusing on the potential of natural agents in inhibiting mRNA/protein levels of AR, nuclear accumulation and enhanced nuclear export of AR are also discussed. We also provide spotlight on molecular basis of enzalutamide resistance with an overview of the strategies opted to overcome such resistance. AR variants are comprehensively described and different mechanisms that regulate AR variant expression are also discussed. Reconceptualization of phenotype- and genotype-driven studies have convincingly revealed that drug induced resistance is a major stumbling block in standardization of therapy. Therefore, we summarize succinctly the knowledge of drug resistance especially to ADT and potential avenues to overcome such resistance for improving the treatment outcome of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- />Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, 35 Km Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fazlul H Sarkar
- />Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 740 HWCRC, 4100 JohnR Street, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
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Min KJ, Jung KJ, Kwon TK. Carnosic Acid Induces Apoptosis Through Reactive Oxygen Species-mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induction in Human Renal Carcinoma Caki Cells. J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:170-8. [PMID: 25337586 PMCID: PMC4189511 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Carnosic acid, which is one of extract components of rosemary, has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. However, the anti-cancer effect of carnosic acid in human renal carcinoma cells is unknown. Methods: Flow cytometry analysis was used to examine the effects of carnosic acid on apoptosis, and Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-ase activity assay kit was used to investigate the involvement of caspase activation. To determine protein expression of apoptotic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins, we used Western blotting. Intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using the fluorescent probes 2’, 7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). Results: Carnosic acid induced sub-diploid DNA content, sub-G1, population and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and activated caspase-3. A pan-caspase inhibitor, a benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone, markedly reduced apoptosis in carnosic acid-treated cells. Carnosic acid promoted intracellular ROS production, and pretreatment with the ROS scavengers (N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione ethyl ester) inhibited carnosic acid-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, carnosic acid also induced expression of ER stress marker proteins, including activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP), in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Down-regulation of ATF4 and CHOP by small interfering RNA (siRNA) markedly reduced carnosic acid-induced sub-G1 population and PARP cleavage. In addition, carnosic acid induced apoptosis in human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-361 and human hepatocellular carcinoma SK-HEP1 cells, but not in normal human skin fibroblast cells and normal mouse kidney epithelial TMCK-1 cells. Conclusion: Carnosic acid induced apoptosis through production of ROS and induction of ER stress in human renal carcinoma Caki cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyong-Jin Jung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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48
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Li G, Petiwala SM, Nonn L, Johnson JJ. Inhibition of CHOP accentuates the apoptotic effect of α-mangostin from the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana) in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:75-80. [PMID: 25261723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) fruit has been a popular food in Southeast Asia for centuries and is increasing in popularity in Western countries. We identified α-Mangostin as a primary phytochemical modulating ER stress proteins in prostate cancer cells and propose that α-Mangostin is responsible for exerting a biological effect in prostate cancer cells. Two human prostate cancer cell lines, 22Rv1 and LNCaP, and prostate epithelial cells procured from two patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were treated with α-Mangostin and evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, fluorescent microscopy and siRNA transfection to evaluate ER stress. Next, we evaluated α-Mangostin for microsomal stability, pharmacokinetic parameters, and anti-cancer activity in nude mice. α-Mangostin significantly upregulated ER stress markers in prostate cancer cells. Interestingly, α-Mangostin did not promote ER stress in prostate epithelial cells (PrECs) from prostate cancer patients. CHOP knockdown enhanced α-Mangostin-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. α-Mangostin significantly suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft tumor model without obvious toxicity. Our study suggests that α-Mangostin is not the only active constituent from the mangosteen fruit requiring further work to understand the complex chemical composition of the mangosteen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongbo Li
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, United States
| | - Sakina M Petiwala
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, United States
| | - Larisa Nonn
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, United States; University of Illinois Cancer Center, United States
| | - Jeremy J Johnson
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, United States; University of Illinois Cancer Center, United States.
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Gao Q, Liu H, Yao Y, Geng L, Zhang X, Jiang L, Shi B, Yang F. Carnosic acid induces autophagic cell death through inhibition of the Akt/mTOR pathway in human hepatoma cells. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:485-92. [PMID: 25178877 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Gao
- Department of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine; Affiliated cancer hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450008 China
| | - Huaimin Liu
- Department of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine; Affiliated cancer hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450008 China
| | - Yamin Yao
- Department of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine; Affiliated cancer hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450008 China
| | - Liang Geng
- Department of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine; Affiliated cancer hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450008 China
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- Department of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine; Affiliated cancer hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450008 China
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- Department of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine; Affiliated cancer hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450008 China
| | - Bian Shi
- Department of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine; Affiliated cancer hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450008 China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine; Affiliated cancer hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450008 China
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