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Suárez-Martínez E, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Bijnsdorp IV, Jimenez CR, Carnero A. Protein homeostasis maintained by HOOK1 levels promotes the tumorigenic and stemness properties of ovarian cancer cells through reticulum stress and autophagy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:150. [PMID: 38807192 PMCID: PMC11134651 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate mainly due to its resistance to currently used therapies. This resistance has been associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), interactions with the microenvironment, and intratumoral heterogeneity. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic targets, particularly those targeting CSCs, is important for improving patient prognosis. HOOK1 has been found to be transcriptionally altered in a substantial percentage of ovarian tumors, but its role in tumor initiation and development is still not fully understood. METHODS The downregulation of HOOK1 was performed in ovarian cancer cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, followed by growth in vitro and in vivo assays. Subsequently, migration (Boyden chamber), cell death (Western-Blot and flow cytometry) and stemness properties (clonal heterogeneity analysis, tumorspheres assay and flow cytometry) of the downregulated cell lines were analysed. To gain insights into the specific mechanisms of action of HOOK1 in ovarian cancer, a proteomic analysis was performed, followed by Western-blot and cytotoxicity assays to confirm the results found within the mass spectrometry. Immunofluorescence staining, Western-blotting and flow cytometry were also employed to finish uncovering the role of HOOK1 in ovarian cancer. RESULTS In this study, we observed that reducing the levels of HOOK1 in ovarian cancer cells reduced in vitro growth and migration and prevented tumor formation in vivo. Furthermore, HOOK1 reduction led to a decrease in stem-like capabilities in these cells, which, however, did not seem related to the expression of genes traditionally associated with this phenotype. A proteome study, along with other analysis, showed that the downregulation of HOOK1 also induced an increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress levels in these cells. Finally, the decrease in stem-like properties observed in cells with downregulated HOOK1 could be explained by an increase in cell death in the CSC population within the culture due to endoplasmic reticulum stress by the unfolded protein response. CONCLUSION HOOK1 contributes to maintaining the tumorigenic and stemness properties of ovarian cancer cells by preserving protein homeostasis and could be considered an alternative therapeutic target, especially in combination with inducers of endoplasmic reticulum or proteotoxic stress such as proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Suárez-Martínez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N; Campus HUVR, Ed. IBIS,, Seville, 41013, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sander R Piersma
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene V Bijnsdorp
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N; Campus HUVR, Ed. IBIS,, Seville, 41013, Spain.
- CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Philipp LM, Yesilyurt UU, Surrow A, Künstner A, Mehdorn AS, Hauser C, Gundlach JP, Will O, Hoffmann P, Stahmer L, Franzenburg S, Knaack H, Schumacher U, Busch H, Sebens S. Epithelial and Mesenchymal-like Pancreatic Cancer Cells Exhibit Different Stem Cell Phenotypes Associated with Different Metastatic Propensities. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:686. [PMID: 38398077 PMCID: PMC10886860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is mostly diagnosed at advanced or even metastasized stages, limiting the prognoses of patients. Metastasis requires high tumor cell plasticity, implying phenotypic switching in response to changing environments. Here, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), being associated with an increase in cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, and its reversion are important. Since it is poorly understood whether different CSC phenotypes exist along the EMT axis and how these impact malignancy-associated properties, we aimed to characterize CSC populations of epithelial and mesenchymal-like PDAC cells. Single-cell cloning revealed CSC (Holoclone) and non-CSC (Paraclone) clones from the PDAC cell lines Panc1 and Panc89. The Panc1 Holoclone cells showed a mesenchymal-like phenotype, dominated by a high expression of the stemness marker Nestin, while the Panc89 Holoclone cells exhibited a SOX2-dominated epithelial phenotype. The Panc89 Holoclone cells showed enhanced cell growth and a self-renewal capacity but slow cluster-like invasion. Contrarily, the Panc1 Holoclone cells showed slower cell growth and self-renewal ability but were highly invasive. Moreover, cell variants differentially responded to chemotherapy. In vivo, the Panc1 and Panc89 cell variants significantly differed regarding the number and size of metastases, as well as organ manifestation, leading to different survival outcomes. Overall, these data support the existence of different CSC phenotypes along the EMT axis in PDAC, manifesting different metastatic propensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Philipp
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Umut-Ulas Yesilyurt
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne Surrow
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Mehdorn
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Paul Gundlach
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center, Clinic of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Kiel University, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrick Hoffmann
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lea Stahmer
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sören Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrike Knaack
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
- Academic Affairs Office, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
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3
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Biswas A, Sahoo S, Riedlinger GM, Ghodoussipour S, Jolly MK, De S. Transcriptional state dynamics lead to heterogeneity and adaptive tumor evolution in urothelial bladder carcinoma. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1292. [PMID: 38129585 PMCID: PMC10739805 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-tumor heterogeneity contributes to treatment failure and poor survival in urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC). Analyzing transcriptome from a UBC cohort, we report that intra-tumor transcriptomic heterogeneity indicates co-existence of tumor cells in epithelial and mesenchymal-like transcriptional states and bi-directional transition between them occurs within and between tumor subclones. We model spontaneous and reversible transition between these partially heritable states in cell lines and characterize their population dynamics. SMAD3, KLF4 and PPARG emerge as key regulatory markers of the transcriptional dynamics. Nutrient limitation, as in the core of large tumors, and radiation treatment perturb the dynamics, initially selecting for a transiently resistant phenotype and then reconstituting heterogeneity and growth potential, driving adaptive evolution. Dominance of transcriptional states with low PPARG expression indicates an aggressive phenotype in UBC patients. We propose that phenotypic plasticity and dynamic, non-genetic intra-tumor heterogeneity modulate both the trajectory of disease progression and adaptive treatment response in UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Biswas
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Gregory M Riedlinger
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Saum Ghodoussipour
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Subhajyoti De
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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4
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Capik O, Gundogdu B, Tatar A, Sahin A, Chen F, Creighton CJ, Karatas OF. Oncogenic miR-1825 promotes head and neck carcinogenesis via targeting FREM1. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1628-1645. [PMID: 37683055 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignant cancer type worldwide. Although the therapeutic modalities currently used for patients with HNSCC improved in recent decades, HNSCC prognosis is still poor. Therefore, it is an urgent necessity to understand the pathogenesis of HNSCC, to develop novel and effective treatment strategies, and to characterize and identify the oncogenes that are responsible for an aggressive HNSCC phenotype. In this study, we aimed to better understand the roles of miR-1825 in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. We examined the impacts of miR-1825 deregulation on the cancer-associated phenotypes using in vitro tests evaluating cell viability, clonogenicity, cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, and stem cell characteristics. In addition, we investigated the effects of miR-1825 overexpression on the tumor formation capacity of head and neck cancer cells in vivo using nude mice. We searched for potential targets of miR-1825 using microarray analysis and luciferase assay. We found that miR-1825 expression is upregulated in head and neck cells and clinical tumor samples in comparison to corresponding controls, where it potentially acts as an oncogene. We, then, showed that ectopic miR-1825 overexpression promotes cellular phenotypes related to head and neck cancer progression in vitro and has a stimulating potential on cancer formation in vivo. We also identified FREM1 as a direct target of miR-1825 and demonstrated its reduced expression in HNSCC samples using immunohistochemistry analysis. Collectively, we suggest that the miR-1825/FREM1 axis serves as an important mediator of HNSCC development, where miR-1825 acts as an oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozel Capik
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Betul Gundogdu
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Tatar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Sahin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fengju Chen
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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5
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Venuta A, Nasso R, Gisonna A, Iuliano R, Montesarchio S, Acampora V, Sepe L, Avagliano A, Arcone R, Arcucci A, Ruocco MR. Celecoxib, a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, Exerts a Toxic Effect on Human Melanoma Cells Grown as 2D and 3D Cell Cultures. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041067. [PMID: 37109596 PMCID: PMC10141119 DOI: 10.3390/life13041067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) remains one of the leading causes of tumor mortality due to its high metastatic spread. CM growth is influenced by inflammation regulated by prostaglandins (PGs) whose synthesis is catalyzed by cyclooxygenases (COXs). COX inhibitors, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can inhibit tumor development and growth. In particular, in vitro experiments have shown that celecoxib, a NSAID, inhibits the growth of some tumor cell lines. However, two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, used in traditional in vitro anticancer assays, often show poor efficacy due to a lack of an in vivo like cellular environment. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, such as spheroids, are better models because they can mimic the common features displayed by human solid tumors. Hence, in this study, we evaluated the anti-neoplastic potential of celecoxib, in both 2D and 3D cell cultures of A2058 and SAN melanoma cell lines. In particular, celecoxib reduced the cell viability and migratory capability and triggered the apoptosis of melanoma cells grown as 2D cultures. When celecoxib was tested on 3D melanoma cell cultures, the drug exerted an inhibitory effect on cell outgrowth from spheroids and reduced the invasiveness of melanoma cell spheroids into the hydrogel matrix. This work suggests that celecoxib could represent a new potential therapeutic approach in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venuta
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Gisonna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Iuliano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Montesarchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Acampora
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Leandra Sepe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Arcone
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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6
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Jiménez MC, Prieto K, Lasso P, Gutiérrez M, Rodriguez-Pardo V, Fiorentino S, Barreto A. Plant extract from Caesalpinia spinosa inhibits cancer-associated fibroblast-like cells generation and function in a tumor microenvironment model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14148. [PMID: 36923867 PMCID: PMC10009686 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) between tumor cells and stromal cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) favor increased survival, progression, and transformation of cancer cells by activating mechanisms of invasion and metastasis. The design of new therapies to modulate or eliminate the CAF phenotype or functionality has been the subject of recent research including natural product-based therapies. We have previously described the generation of a standardized extract rich in polyphenols obtained from the Caesalpinia spinosa plant (P2Et), which present antitumor activities in breast cancer and melanoma models through activities that modulate the metabolism of tumor cells or induce the development of the immune response. In this work, a model of CAF generation was initially developed from the exposure of 3T3 fibroblasts to the cytokine TGFβ1. CAF-like cells generated in this way exhibited changes in the expression of Caveolin-1 and α-SMA, and alterations in glucose metabolism and redox status, typical of CAFs isolated from tumor tissues. Then, P2Et was shown to counteract in vitro-induced CAF-like cell generation, preventing caveolin-1 loss and attenuating changes in glucose uptake and redox profile. This protective effect of P2Et translates into a decrease in the functional ability of CAFs to support colony formation and migration of 4T1 murine breast cancer tumor cells. In addition to the functional interference, the P2Et extract also decreased the expression of genes associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and functional activities related to the modulation of the cancer stem cells (CSC) population. This work is an in vitro approach to evaluate natural extracts' effect on the interaction between CAF and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment; thus, these results open the chance to design a more profound and mechanistic analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms of P2Et multimolecular activity and extent this analysis to an in vivo perspective. In summary, we present here a standardized polymolecular natural extract that has the potential to act in the TME by interfering with CAF generation and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Jiménez
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
| | - Karol Prieto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
| | - Paola Lasso
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
| | - Melisa Gutiérrez
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
| | - Viviana Rodriguez-Pardo
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
| | - Susana Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
| | - Alfonso Barreto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
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7
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Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer Stem Cells: A Complex Liaison in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032337. [PMID: 36768660 PMCID: PMC9916789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we focus on the role of glutamine in control of cancer stem cell (CSC) fate. We first provide an overview of glutamine metabolism, and then summarize relevant studies investigating how glutamine metabolism modulates the CSC compartment, concentrating on solid tumors. We schematically describe how glutamine in CSC contributes to several metabolic pathways, such as redox metabolic pathways, ATP production, non-essential aminoacids and nucleotides biosynthesis, and ammonia production. Furthermore, we show that glutamine metabolism is a key regulator of epigenetic modifications in CSC. Finally, we briefly discuss how cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and senescent cells in the tumor microenvironment may indirectly influence CSC fate by modulating glutamine availability. We aim to highlight the complexity of glutamine's role in CSC, which supports our knowledge about metabolic heterogeneity within the CSC population.
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8
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Miller JL, Kanke M, Rauner G, Bakhle KM, Sethupathy P, Van de Walle GR. Comparative Analysis of microRNAs that Stratify in vitro Mammary stem and Progenitor Activity Reveals Functionality of Human miR-92b-3p. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:253-269. [PMID: 36190643 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary stem/progenitor cells are fundamental for mammary gland development and function. However, much remains to be elucidated regarding their function in mammals beyond the traditionally studied rodents, human, and to a lesser extent, ruminants. Due to the growing appreciation for microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of stem cells and their progenitors, we compared miRNA expression in mammary stem/progenitor cells from mammals with varying mammary stem/progenitor activity in vitro, in order to identify miRNA candidates that regulate stem/progenitor self-renewal and function. Mammosphere-derived epithelial cells (MDECs), which are primary cell lines enriched in mammary stem and progenitor cells, were generated from six mammalian species (i.e., cow, human, pig, horse, dog, and rat) and small RNA sequencing was performed. We identified 9 miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in MDEC cultures with a low versus high mammary stem/progenitor activity. miR-92b-3p was selected for functional follow-up studies, as this miRNA is understudied in primary mammary cells but has well-described gene targets that are known to regulate mammary stem/progenitor activity. Altering the expression of miR-92b-3p in MDECs from species with low stem/progenitor activity (human and cow) and those with high stem/progenitor activity (dog and rat) via inhibition and overexpression, respectively, resulted in significantly decreased mammosphere formation of human MDECs, but showed no significant effects in cow, dog, or rat MDECs. This study is the first to perform small RNA sequencing in MDECs from various mammals and highlights that conserved miRNAs can have different functions in mammary stem/progenitor cells across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Miller
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Ithaca , United States
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gat Rauner
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Ithaca , United States
| | | | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Ithaca , United States.
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 14850, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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9
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Ünlü B, Kocatürk B, Rondon AMR, Lewis CS, Swier N, van den Akker RFP, Krijgsman D, Noordhoek I, Blok EJ, Bogdanov VY, Ruf W, Kuppen PJK, Versteeg HH. Integrin regulation by tissue factor promotes cancer stemness and metastatic dissemination in breast cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:5176-5185. [PMID: 36271029 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tissue Factor (TF) is the initiator of blood coagulation but also functions as a signal transduction receptor. TF expression in breast cancer is associated with higher tumor grade, metastasis and poor survival. The role of TF signaling on the early phases of metastasis has never been addressed. Here, we show an association between TF expression and metastasis as well as cancer stemness in 574 breast cancer patients. In preclinical models, blockade of TF signaling inhibited metastasis tenfold independent of primary tumor growth. TF blockade caused a reduction in epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition, cancer stemness and expression of the pro-metastatic markers Slug and SOX9 in several breast cancer cell lines and in ex vivo cultured tumor cells. Mechanistically, TF forms a complex with β1-integrin leading to inactivation of β1-integrin. Inhibition of TF signaling induces a shift in TF-binding from α3β1-integrin to α6β4 and dictates FAK recruitment, leading to reduced epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition and tumor cell differentiation. In conclusion, TF signaling inhibition leads to reduced pro-metastatic transcriptional programs, and a subsequent integrin β1 and β4-dependent reduction in metastasic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Ünlü
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Begüm Kocatürk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Araci M R Rondon
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clayton S Lewis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nathalie Swier
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob F P van den Akker
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Krijgsman
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Noordhoek
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J Blok
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Y Bogdanov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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10
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Puri S, Moreno IY, Sun M, Verma S, Lin X, Gesteira TF, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Hyaluronan supports the limbal stem cell phenotype during ex vivo culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:384. [PMID: 35907870 PMCID: PMC9338506 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronan (HA) has previously been identified as an integral component of the limbal stem cell niche in vivo. In this study, we investigated whether a similar HA matrix is also expressed in vitro providing a niche supporting limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) during ex vivo expansion. We also investigated whether providing exogenous HA in vitro is beneficial to LESCs during ex vivo expansion. METHOD Human LESCs (hLESCs) were isolated from donor corneas and a mouse corneal epithelial progenitor cell line (TKE2) was obtained. The HA matrix was identified surrounding LESCs in vitro using immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and red blood exclusion assay. Thereafter, LESCs were maintained on HA coated dishes or in the presence of HA supplemented in the media, and viability, proliferation, cell size, colony formation capabilities and expression of putative stem cell markers were compared with cells maintained on commonly used coated dishes. RESULTS hLESCs and TKE2 cells express an HA-rich matrix in vitro, and this matrix is essential for maintaining LESCs. Further supplying exogenous HA, as a substrate and supplemented to the media, increases LESC proliferation, colony formation capabilities and the expression levels of putative limbal stem cell markers. CONCLUSION Our data show that both exogenous and endogenous HA help to maintain the LESC phenotype. Exogenous HA provides improved culture conditions for LESC during ex vivo expansion. Thus, HA forms a favorable microenvironment for LESCs during ex vivo expansion and, therefore, could be considered as an easy and cost-effective substrate and/or supplement for culturing LESCs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Puri
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabel Y Moreno
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mingxia Sun
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Tirinato L, Onesto V, Garcia-Calderon D, Pagliari F, Spadea MF, Seco J, Gentile F. Human lung-cancer-cell radioresistance investigated through 2D network topology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12980. [PMID: 35902618 PMCID: PMC9334295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is now considered to be a main component of cancer therapy, alongside surgery, chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy. In RT, cancer tissues are exposed to ionizing radiation causing the death of malignant cells and favoring cancer regression. However, the efficiency of RT may be hampered by cell-radioresistance (RR)—that is a feature of tumor cells of withstanding RT. To improve the RT performance, it is decisive developing methods that can help to quantify cell sensitivity to radiation. In acknowledgment of the fact that none of the existing methods to assess RR are based on cell graphs topology, in this work we have examined how 2D cell networks, within a single colony, from different human lung cancer lines (H460, A549 and Calu-1) behave in response to doses of ionizing radiation ranging from 0 to 8 Gy. We measured the structure of resulting cell-graphs using well-assessed networks-analysis metrics, such as the clustering coefficient (cc), the characteristic path length (cpl), and the small world coefficient (SW). Findings of the work illustrate that the clustering characteristics of cell-networks show a marked sensitivity to the dose and cell line. Higher-than-one values of SW coefficient, clue of a discontinuous and inhomogeneous cell spatial layout, are associated to elevated levels of radiation and to a lower radio-resistance of the treated cell line. Results of the work suggest that topology could be used as a quantitative parameter to assess the cell radio-resistance and measure the performance of cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tirinato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valentina Onesto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniel Garcia-Calderon
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Pagliari
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria-Francesca Spadea
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Joao Seco
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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12
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Survivin Inhibition by Piperine Sensitizes Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells and Leads to Better Drug Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147604. [PMID: 35886952 PMCID: PMC9323232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cancer stem cells (GSCs) are one of the strongest contributing factors to treatment resistance in GBM. Identification of biomarkers capable of directly affecting these cells within the bulk tumor is a major challenge associated with the development of new targeting strategies. In this study, we focus on understanding the potential of the multifunctional extraordinaire survivin as a biomarker for GSCs. We analyzed the expression profiles of this gene using various publicly available datasets to understand its importance in stemness and other cancer processes. The findings from these studies were further validated using human GSCs isolated from a GBM cell line. In these GSCs, survivin was inhibited using the dietary phytochemical piperine (PIP) and the subsequent effects on stemness, cancer processes and Temozolomide were investigated. In silico analysis identified survivin to be one of the most significant differentially regulated gene in GSCs, in comparison to common stemness markers. Further validation studies on the isolated GSCs showed the importance of survivin in stemness, cancer progression and therapy resistance. Taken together, our study identifies survivin as a more consistent GSC marker and also suggests the possibility of using survivin inhibitors along with standard of care drugs for better therapeutic outcomes.
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13
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Jeibouei S, Hojat A, Mostafavi E, Aref AR, Kalbasi A, Niazi V, Ajoudanian M, Mohammadi F, Saadati F, Javadi SM, Shams F, Moghaddam M, Karami F, Sharifi K, Moradian F, Akbari ME, Zali H. Radiobiological effects of wound fluid on breast cancer cell lines and human-derived tumor spheroids in 2D and microfluidic culture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7668. [PMID: 35538133 PMCID: PMC9091274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) could abrogate cancer recurrences, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. To clarify the effects of IORT-induced wound fluid on tumor progression, we treated breast cancer cell lines and human-derived tumor spheroids in 2D and microfluidic cell culture systems, respectively. The viability, migration, and invasion of the cells under treatment of IORT-induced wound fluid (WF-RT) and the cells under surgery-induced wound fluid (WF) were compared. Our findings showed that cell viability was increased in spheroids under both WF treatments, whereas viability of the cell lines depended on the type of cells and incubation times. Both WFs significantly increased sub-G1 and arrested the cells in G0/G1 phases associated with increased P16 and P21 expression levels. The expression level of Caspase 3 in both cell culture systems and for both WF-treated groups was significantly increased. Furthermore, our results revealed that although the migration was increased in both systems of WF-treated cells compared to cell culture media-treated cells, E-cadherin expression was significantly increased only in the WF-RT group. In conclusion, WF-RT could not effectively inhibit tumor progression in an ex vivo tumor-on-chip model. Moreover, our data suggest that a microfluidic system could be a suitable 3D system to mimic in vivo tumor conditions than 2D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Jeibouei
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hojat
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6 Tide street, Boston, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vahid Niazi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ajoudanian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Saadati
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Seyed Mohammadreza Javadi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Forough Shams
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghaddam
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Karami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Sharifi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Moradian
- Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Antagonizing RARγ Drives Necroptosis of Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094814. [PMID: 35563205 PMCID: PMC9105400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for agents that eliminate cancer stem cells, which sustain cancer and are also largely responsible for disease relapse and metastasis. Conventional chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy are often highly effective against the bulk of cancer cells, which are proliferating, but spare cancer stem cells. Therapeutics that target cancer stem cells may also provide a bona fide cure for cancer. There are two rationales for targeting the retinoic acid receptor (RAR)γ. First, RARγ is expressed selectively within primitive cells. Second, RARγ is a putative oncogene for a number of human cancers, including cases of acute myeloid leukemia, cholangiocarcinoma, and colorectal, renal and hepatocellular carcinomas. Prostate cancer cells depend on active RARγ for their survival. Antagonizing all RARs caused necroptosis of prostate and breast cancer stem cell-like cells, and the cancer stem cells that gave rise to neurospheres from pediatric patients’ primitive neuroectodermal tumors and an astrocytoma. As tested for prostate cancer, antagonizing RARγ was sufficient to drive necroptosis. Achieving cancer-selectively is a longstanding paradigm for developing new treatments. The normal prostate epithelium was less sensitive to the RARγ antagonist and pan-RAR antagonist than prostate cancer cells, and fibroblasts and blood mononuclear cells were insensitive. The RARγ antagonist and pan-RAR antagonist are promising new cancer therapeutics.
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15
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Joechle K, Jumaa H, Thriene K, Hellerbrand C, Kulemann B, Fichtner-Feigl S, Lang SA, Guenzle J. Dual Inhibition of mTORC1/2 Reduces Migration of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells by Regulation of Matrixmetalloproteinases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:785979. [PMID: 35096817 PMCID: PMC8793831 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.785979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare but highly aggressive tumor entity for which systemic therapies only showed limited efficacy so far. As OSI-027—a dual kinase inhibitor targeting both mTOR complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2 - showed improved anti-cancer effects, we sought to evaluate its impact on the migratory and metastatic capacity of CCA cells in vitro. We found that treatment with OSI-027 leads to reduced cell mobility and migration as well as a reduced surviving fraction in colony-forming ability. While neither cell viability nor proliferation rate was affected, OSI-027 decreased the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. Moreover, survival as well as anti-apoptotic signaling was impaired upon the use of OSI-027 as determined by AKT and MAPK blotting. Dual targeting of mTORC1/2 might therefore be a viable option for anti-neoplastic therapy in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Joechle
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Huda Jumaa
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Thriene
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Birte Kulemann
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg-CCCF, Medical Center-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven A Lang
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Guenzle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Valdivia E, Bertolin M, Breda C, Carvalho Oliveira M, Salz AK, Hofmann N, Börgel M, Blasczyk R, Ferrari S, Figueiredo C. Genetic Modification of Limbal Stem Cells to Decrease Allogeneic Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747357. [PMID: 34956181 PMCID: PMC8696204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cell (LSC) transplantation is the only efficient treatment for patients affected by LSC deficiency (LSCD). Allogeneic LSC transplantation is one of the most successful alternative for patients with bilateral LSCD. Nevertheless, the high variability of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) remains a relevant obstacle to long-term allogeneic graft survival. This study characterized the immunologic properties of LSCs and proposed a genetic engineering strategy to reduce the immunogenicity of LSCs and of their derivatives. Hence, LSC HLA expression was silenced using lentiviral vectors encoding for short hairpin (sh) RNAs targeting β2-microglobulin (β2M) or class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator (CIITA) to silence HLA class I and II respectively. Beside the constitutive expression of HLA class I, LSCs showed the capability to upregulate HLA class II expression under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, LSCs demonstrated the capability to induce T-cell mediated immune responses. LSCs phenotypical and functional characteristics are not disturbed after genetic modification. However, HLA silenced LSC showed to prevent T cell activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity in comparison to fully HLA-expressing LSCs. Additionally; HLA-silenced LSCs were protected against antibody-mediated cellular-dependent cytotoxicity. Our data is a proof-of-concept of the feasibility to generate low immunogenic human LSCs without affecting their typical features. The use of low immunogenic LSCs may support for long-term survival of LSCs and their derivatives after allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Valdivia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Breda
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, Venice, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Hofmann
- German Society for Tissue Transplantation (DGFG), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Börgel
- German Society for Tissue Transplantation (DGFG), Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Jafari A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Niknejad H, Zali H. Tumor Targeting by Conditioned Medium Derived From Human Amniotic Membrane: New Insight in Breast Cancer Therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211036318. [PMID: 34402329 PMCID: PMC8375331 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211036318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Traditional breast cancer treatments have challenges including inefficiency, multidrug resistance, severe side effects, and targeting non-specifically. The development of alternative treatment strategies has attracted a great deal of interest. Using the amniotic membrane has become a promising and convenient new approach for cancer therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer ability of conditioned medium extracted from the human amniotic membrane (hAM-CM) on breast cancer cells. Methods: Conditioned medium was collected after 48 h incubation of hAM in epithelial up manner. MTT, cell cycle, apoptosis, colony formation, and sphere assays were used to determine the impact of hAM-CM on breast cancer cell lines. The effects of hAM-CM on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells were determined using scratch wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. Results: Based on the results, cell viability was significantly decreased by hAM-CM in a dose-dependent manner. The hAM-CM remarkably induced apoptosis and necrosis of cancer cells. Moreover, cell migration and invasion potential of cancer cells decreased after the hAM-CM treatment. Further, both the number of colonies and their morphologies were affected by the treatment. In the treated group, a significant decrease in the number of colonies along with an obvious change in their morphologies from holoclone shape to a dominant paracolone structure was observed. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the conditioned medium derived from the human amniotic membrane able to inhibit proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells and can be considered a natural and valuable candidate for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Jafari
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Jimenez-García MP, Lucena-Cacace A, Otero-Albiol D, Carnero A. Regulation of sarcomagenesis by the empty spiracles homeobox genes EMX1 and EMX2. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:515. [PMID: 34016958 PMCID: PMC8137939 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The EMX (Empty Spiracles Homeobox) genes EMX1 and EMX2 are two homeodomain gene members of the EMX family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, during brain development and neural crest migration. They play a role in the specification of positional identity, the proliferation of neural stem cells, and the differentiation of certain neuronal cell phenotypes. In general, they act as transcription factors in early embryogenesis and neuroembryogenesis from metazoans to higher vertebrates. The EMX1 and EMX2's potential as tumor suppressor genes has been suggested in some cancers. Our work showed that EMX1/EMX2 act as tumor suppressors in sarcomas by repressing the activity of stem cell regulatory genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYC, NANOG, NES, and PROM1). EMX protein downregulation, therefore, induced the malignance and stemness of cells both in vitro and in vivo. In murine knockout (KO) models lacking Emx genes, 3MC-induced sarcomas were more aggressive and infiltrative, had a greater capacity for tumor self-renewal, and had higher stem cell gene expression and nestin expression than those in wild-type models. These results showing that EMX genes acted as stemness regulators were reproduced in different subtypes of sarcoma. Therefore, it is possible that the EMX genes could have a generalized behavior regulating proliferation of neural crest-derived progenitors. Together, these results indicate that the EMX1 and EMX2 genes negatively regulate these tumor-altering populations or cancer stem cells, acting as tumor suppressors in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Pedro Jimenez-García
- grid.411109.c0000 0000 9542 1158Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain ,CIBER de Cancer, IS Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daniel Otero-Albiol
- grid.411109.c0000 0000 9542 1158Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain ,CIBER de Cancer, IS Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- grid.411109.c0000 0000 9542 1158Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain ,CIBER de Cancer, IS Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Otto L, Rahn S, Daunke T, Walter F, Winter E, Möller JL, Rose-John S, Wesch D, Schäfer H, Sebens S. Initiation of Pancreatic Cancer: The Interplay of Hyperglycemia and Macrophages Promotes the Acquisition of Malignancy-Associated Properties in Pancreatic Ductal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105086. [PMID: 34064969 PMCID: PMC8151031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still one of the most aggressive solid malignancies with a poor prognosis. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two major risk factors linked to the development and progression of PDAC, both often characterized by high blood glucose levels. Macrophages represent the main immune cell population in PDAC contributing to PDAC development. It has already been shown that pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDEC) undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) when exposed to hyperglycemia or macrophages. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether concomitant exposure to hyperglycemia and macrophages aggravates EMT-associated alterations in PDEC. Exposure to macrophages and elevated glucose levels (25 mM glucose) impacted gene expression of EMT inducers such as IL-6 and TNF-α as well as EMT transcription factors in benign (H6c7-pBp) and premalignant (H6c7-kras) PDEC. Most strikingly, exposure to hyperglycemic coculture with macrophages promoted downregulation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, which was associated with an elevated migratory potential of PDEC. While blocking IL-6 activity by tocilizumab only partially reverted the EMT phenotype in H6c7-kras cells, neutralization of TNF-α by etanercept was able to clearly impair EMT-associated properties in premalignant PDEC. Altogether, the current study attributes a role to a T2DM-related hyperglycemic, inflammatory micromilieu in the acquisition of malignancy-associated alterations in premalignant PDEC, thus providing new insights on how metabolic diseases might promote PDAC initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Otto
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.O.); (T.D.); (F.W.); (E.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Sascha Rahn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.R.); (S.R.-J.)
| | - Tina Daunke
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.O.); (T.D.); (F.W.); (E.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Frederik Walter
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.O.); (T.D.); (F.W.); (E.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Elsa Winter
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.O.); (T.D.); (F.W.); (E.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Julia Luisa Möller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.R.); (S.R.-J.)
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.O.); (T.D.); (F.W.); (E.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.O.); (T.D.); (F.W.); (E.W.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-500-30501
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Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Rojas AM, Muñoz-Galván S, Otero-Albiol D, Carnero A. Mutation of SPINOPHILIN (PPP1R9B) found in human tumors promotes the tumorigenic and stemness properties of cells. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3452-3471. [PMID: 33537097 PMCID: PMC7847670 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: SPINOPHILIN (SPN, PPP1R9B) is an important tumor suppressor involved in the progression and malignancy of different tumors depending on its association with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and the ability of the PP1-SPN holoenzyme to dephosphorylate retinoblastoma (pRB). Methods: We performed a mutational analysis of SPN in human tumors, focusing on the region of interaction with PP1 and pRB. We explored the effect of the SPN-A566V mutation in an immortalized non-tumorigenic cell line of epithelial breast tissue, MCF10A, and in two different p53-mutated breast cancer cells lines, T47D and MDA-MB-468. Results: We characterized an oncogenic mutation of SPN found in human tumor samples, SPN-A566V, that affects both the SPN-PP1 interaction and its phosphatase activity. The SPN-A566V mutation does not affect the interaction of the PP1-SPN holoenzyme with pocket proteins pRB, p107 and p130, but it affects its ability to dephosphorylate them during G0/G1 and G1, indicating that the PP1-SPN holoenzyme regulates cell cycle progression. SPN-A566V also promoted stemness, establishing a connection between the cell cycle and stem cell biology via pocket proteins and PP1-SPN regulation. However, only cells with both SPN-A566V and mutant p53 have increased tumorigenic and stemness properties. Conclusions: SPN-A566V, or other equivalent mutations, could be late events that promote tumor progression by increasing the CSC pool and, eventually, the malignant behavior of the tumor.
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Todd N, McNally R, Alqudah A, Jerotic D, Suvakov S, Obradovic D, Hoch D, Hombrebueno JR, Campos GL, Watson CJ, Gojnic-Dugalic M, Simic TP, Krasnodembskaya A, Desoye G, Eastwood KA, Hunter AJ, Holmes VA, McCance DR, Young IS, Grieve DJ, Kenny LC, Garovic VD, Robson T, McClements L. Role of A Novel Angiogenesis FKBPL-CD44 Pathway in Preeclampsia Risk Stratification and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:26-41. [PMID: 32617576 PMCID: PMC7765643 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Preeclampsia is a leading cardiovascular complication in pregnancy lacking effective diagnostic and treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic target potential of the angiogenesis proteins, FK506-binding protein like (FKBPL) and CD44. DESIGN AND INTERVENTION FKBPL and CD44 plasma concentration or placental expression were determined in women pre- or postdiagnosis of preeclampsia. Trophoblast and endothelial cell function was assessed following mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment and in the context of FKBPL signaling. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Human samples prediagnosis (15 and 20 weeks of gestation; n ≥ 57), or postdiagnosis (n = 18 for plasma; n = 4 for placenta) of preeclampsia were used to determine FKBPL and CD44 levels, compared to healthy controls. Trophoblast or endothelial cells were exposed to low/high oxygen, and treated with MSC-conditioned media (MSC-CM) or a FKBPL overexpression plasmid. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preeclampsia risk stratification and diagnostic potential of FKBPL and CD44 were investigated. MSC treatment effects and FKBPL-CD44 signaling in trophoblast and endothelial cells were assessed. RESULTS The CD44/FKBPL ratio was reduced in placenta and plasma following clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia. At 20 weeks of gestation, a high plasma CD44/FKBPL ratio was independently associated with the 2.3-fold increased risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-5.23, P = 0.04). In combination with high mean arterial blood pressure (>82.5 mmHg), the risk further increased to 3.9-fold (95% CI 1.30-11.84, P = 0.016). Both hypoxia and MSC-based therapy inhibited FKBPL-CD44 signaling, enhancing cell angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The FKBPL-CD44 pathway appears to have a central role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, showing promising utilities for early diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Todd
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ross McNally
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Abdelrahim Alqudah
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- The School of Pharmacy, The Hashemite University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Sonja Suvakov
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | | | - Denise Hoch
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jose R Hombrebueno
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Guillermo Lopez Campos
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chris J Watson
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | | | - Anna Krasnodembskaya
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kelly-Ann Eastwood
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alyson J Hunter
- Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Valerie A Holmes
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David R McCance
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ian S Young
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David J Grieve
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Louise C Kenny
- The Irish Centre for Foetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Research, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lana McClements
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Lana McClements, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia. E-mail:
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CD133 Antigen as a Potential Marker of Melanoma Stem Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8810476. [PMID: 33424978 PMCID: PMC7774302 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8810476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are suspected to be responsible for the cancer recurrence and in the consequence for cancer therapy failure. CD133 is a potential marker for detection of melanoma CSCs. Experiments were performed on the B16-F10 mouse melanoma cell line. CD133+ cells were isolated using an immunomagnetic cell sorting technique. After isolation proliferative and clonogenic potential of CD133+, CD133- and CD133+/- were evaluated. The potential of CD133+ and CD133- cells for tumor induction was conducted on C57BL/6J mouse model. Three different cell quantities (100, 1000, 10000) were tested. Tumor morphology, number of mitoses, and tumor necrosis area were analyzed. Average 0.12% CD133+ cells were isolated. Compared to CD133- and unsorted CD133+/- cells, CD133+ cells were characterized by the higher proliferative and clonogenic potential. These properties were not confirmed in vivo, as both CD133+ and CD133- cells induced tumor growth in mouse model. No statistical differences in mitosis number and tumor necrosis area were observed. Simultaneous detection of CD133 antigen with other markers is necessary for accurate identification of these melanoma cancer stem cells.
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Guenzle J, Akasaka H, Joechle K, Reichardt W, Venkatasamy A, Hoeppner J, Hellerbrand C, Fichtner-Feigl S, Lang SA. Pharmacological Inhibition of mTORC2 Reduces Migration and Metastasis in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010030. [PMID: 33375117 PMCID: PMC7792954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in therapy, liver metastasis from melanoma is still associated with poor prognosis. Although targeting the mTOR signaling pathway exerts potent anti-tumor activity, little is known about specific mTORC2 inhibition regarding liver metastasis. Using the novel mTORC2 specific inhibitor JR-AB2-011, we show significantly reduced migration and invasion capacity by impaired activation of MMP2 in melanoma cells. In addition, blockade of mTORC2 induces cell death by non-apoptotic pathways and reduces tumor cell proliferation rate dose-dependently. Furthermore, a significant reduction of liver metastasis was detected in a syngeneic murine metastasis model upon therapy with JR-AB2-011 as determined by in vivo imaging and necropsy. Hence, our study for the first time highlights the impact of the pharmacological blockade of mTORC2 as a potent novel anti-cancer approach for liver metastasis from melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Guenzle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Harue Akasaka
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Katharina Joechle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Wilfried Reichardt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Aina Venkatasamy
- Department of Radiology Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Service de Radiologie 1, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratory Stress Response and Innovative Therapies “Streinth”, Inserm IRFAC UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jens Hoeppner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg-CCCF, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven A. Lang
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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24
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Ebens CL, McGrath JA, Riedl JA, Keith AR, Lilja G, Rusch S, Keene DR, Tufa SF, Riddle MJ, Shanley R, Van Heest AE, Tolar J. Immune tolerance of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation supports donor epidermal grafting of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa chronic wounds. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:1161-1169. [PMID: 32866988 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic wounds, a common morbidity in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), lack definitive therapies. OBJECTIVES To assess allogeneic epidermal skin grafts in terms of wound healing and durability over time. METHODS In a prospective, open-label clinical trial for postallogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (post-alloHCT) patients with RDEB, up to nine chronic wounds per patient were grafted over 1 year. Epidermal grafts measuring 5 cm2 were obtained from related alloHCT donors in the outpatient setting using the CELLUTOMETM Epidermal Harvesting System. Wounds were photographed and symptom inventories completed at baseline and 6, 12 and 52 weeks after grafting. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02670837). RESULTS Between August 2016 and January 2019, eight patients with RDEB received a total of 35 epidermal allografts at a median of 1157 days (range 548-2884) post-alloHCT. The median (interquartile range) percentage reductions in wound surface area were 75% (52-94), 95% (72-100) and 100% (97-100) at 6, 12 and 52 weeks postgraft, respectively, each significantly reduced from baseline (P < 0·001). Donor harvest sites healed quickly without scarring. Biopsy evaluation at 1 year of an epidermal allograft site revealed wildtype type VII collagen (immunofluorescence), anchoring fibrils (electron microscopy), and full-thickness skin whole-DNA donor chimerism of 42% (compared with 16% in concurrently biopsied native skin). This strategy subsequently supported release of RDEB pseudosyndactyly. CONCLUSIONS The immune tolerance established by alloHCT supports successful adoptive transfer of donor epidermal grafts. Persistence of donor grafts in a single patient beyond 1 year and observed migration of donor-grafted cells into adjacent wound suggest that epidermal allografts include nonterminally differentiated cells and/or trigger recruitment of donor bone-marrow-derived cells to mediate wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Ebens
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, England
| | - J A Riedl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A R Keith
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - G Lilja
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Rusch
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D R Keene
- Microimaging Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR, USA
| | - S F Tufa
- Microimaging Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M J Riddle
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R Shanley
- Biostatistics Core, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A E Van Heest
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Tolar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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25
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Petrie K, Urban‐Wójciuk Z, Sbirkov Y, Graham A, Hamann A, Brown G. Retinoic acid receptor γ is a therapeutically targetable driver of growth and survival in prostate cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 3:e1284. [PMID: 32881426 PMCID: PMC7941583 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) tissue contains all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) at a very low level (10-9 M), at least an order of magnitude lower than in adjacent normal healthy prostate cells or benign prostate hyperplasia. When this is coupled with deregulated expression of the intracellular lipid-binding proteins FABP5 and CRABP2 that is frequently found in PC, this is likely to result in the preferential delivery of ATRA to oncogenic PPARβ/δ rather than retinoic acid receptors (RARs). There are three isotypes of RARs (RARα, RARβ, and RARγ) and recent studies have revealed discrete physiological roles. For example, RARα and RARγ promote differentiation and self-renewal, respectively, which are critical for proper hematopoiesis. AIMS We have previously shown that ATRA stimulates transactivation of RARγ at sub-nanomolar concentrations (EC50 0.24 nM), whereas an 80-fold higher concentration was required for RARα-mediated transactivation (EC50 19.3 nM). Additionally, we have shown that RAR pan-antagonists inhibit the growth of PC cells (at 16-34 nM). These findings, together with the low level of ATRA in PC, led us to hypothesize that RARγ plays a role in PC pathogenesis and that RARγ-selective antagonism may be an effective treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that concentrations of 10-9 M and below of ATRA promoted survival/proliferation and opposed adipogenic differentiation of human PC cell lines by a mechanism that involves RARγ. We also found that a RARγ-selective antagonist (AGN205728) potently induced mitochondria-dependent, but caspase-independent, cell death in PC cell lines. Furthermore, AGN205728 demonstrated synergism in killing PC cells in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. CONCLUSION We suggest that the use of RARγ-selective antagonists may be effective in PC (and potentially other cancers), either as a single agent or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Petrie
- School of MedicineFaculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing University of SunderlandSunderlandUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental SciencesThe University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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Keith AR, Twaroski K, Ebens CL, Tolar J. Leading edge: emerging drug, cell, and gene therapies for junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:911-923. [PMID: 32178539 PMCID: PMC7392816 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1740678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a rare inherited genetic disorder with limited treatments beyond palliative care. A major hallmark of JEB is skin blistering caused by functional loss or complete absence of major structural proteins of the skin. Impaired wound healing in patients with JEB gives rise to chronic cutaneous ulcers that require daily care. Wound care and infection control are the current standard of care for this patient population. AREAS COVERED This review covers research and clinical implementation of emerging drug, cell, and gene therapies for JEB. Current clinical trials use topical drug delivery to manipulate the inflammation and re-epithelialization phases of wound healing or promote premature stop codon readthrough to accelerate chronic wound closure. Allogeneic cell therapies for JEB have been largely unsuccessful, with autologous skin grafting emerging as a reliable method of resolving the cutaneous manifestations of JEB. Genetic correction and transplant of autologous keratinocytes have demonstrated persistent amelioration of chronic wounds in a subset of patients. EXPERT OPINION Emerging therapies address the cutaneous symptoms of JEB but are unable to attend to systemic manifestations of the disease. Investigations into the molecular mechanism(s) underpinning the failure of systemic allogeneic cell therapies are necessary to expand the range of effective JEB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Keith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kirk Twaroski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christen L. Ebens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Prostate cancer-derived holoclones: a novel and effective model for evaluating cancer stemness. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11329. [PMID: 32647229 PMCID: PMC7347552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer accounts for approximately 13.5% of all newly diagnosed male cancer cases. Significant clinical burdens remain in terms of ineffective prognostication, with overtreatment of insignificant disease. Additionally, the pathobiology underlying disease heterogeneity remains poorly understood. As the role of cancer stem cells in the perpetuation of aggressive carcinoma is being substantiated by experimental evidence, it is crucially important to understand the molecular mechanisms, which regulate key features of cancer stem cells. We investigated two methods for in vitro cultivation of putative prostate cancer stem cells based on ‘high-salt agar’ and ‘monoclonal cultivation’. Data demonstrated ‘monoclonal cultivation’ as the superior method. We demonstrated that ‘holoclones’ expressed canonical stem markers, retained the exclusive ability to generate poorly differentiated tumours in NOD/SCID mice and possessed a unique mRNA-miRNA gene signature. miRNA:Target interactions analysis visualised potentially critical regulatory networks, which are dysregulated in prostate cancer holoclones. The characterisation of this tumorigenic population lays the groundwork for this model to be used in the identification of proteomic or small non-coding RNA therapeutic targets for the eradication of this critical cellular population. This is significant, as it provides a potential route to limit development of aggressive disease and thus improve survival rates.
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Sameri S, Samadi P, Dehghan R, Salem E, Fayazi N, Amini R. Stem Cell Aging in Lifespan and Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:362-378. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200213105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is considered as inevitable changes at different levels of genome, cell, and organism.
From the accumulation of DNA damages to imperfect protein homeostasis, altered cellular communication
and exhaustion of stem cells, aging is a major risk factor for many prevalent diseases, such as
cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes, and neurological disorders. The cells are
dynamic systems, which, through a cycle of processes such as replication, growth, and death, could
replenish the bodies’ organs and tissues, keeping an entire organism in optimal working order. In many
different tissues, adult stem cells are behind these processes, replenishing dying cells to maintain normal
tissue function and regenerating injured tissues. Therefore, adult stem cells play a vital role in preventing
the aging of organs and tissues, and can delay aging. However, during aging, these cells also
undergo some detrimental changes such as alterations in the microenvironment, a decline in the regenerative
capacity, and loss of function. This review aimed to discuss age-related changes of stem cells in
different tissues and cells, including skin, muscles, brain, heart, hair follicles, liver, and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Sameri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Dehghan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elham Salem
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nashmin Fayazi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Gruber M, Handle F, Culig Z. The stem cell inhibitor salinomycin decreases colony formation potential and tumor-initiating population in docetaxel-sensitive and docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2020; 80:267-273. [PMID: 31834633 PMCID: PMC7003856 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors in men. In general, therapies for localized PCa are curative. However, treatment of advanced PCa is considered palliative since development of therapy resistance occurs rapidly. It has been shown that tumor-initiating cells are likely involved in therapy resistance. They are not eliminated by conventional therapies and thereby lead to tumor progression and relapse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the known stem cell inhibitor salinomycin on this critical subpopulation of cells. METHODS Expression of the cell surface markers CD24 and CD44 was assessed by immunofluorescence and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Colony formation efficiency and classification of colony types with varying tumor-initiating potential (holoclones, meroclones, and paraclones) were analyzed in an automated way by the newly developed CATCH-colonies software in the absence or presence of salinomycin. RESULTS Automated high-resolution colony formation analysis consistently identified the various colony types in a broad range of PCa cell lines. Serial clonogenic assays confirmed that holoclones show the highest colony formation potential and maintain their tumor-initiating capacity over multiple rounds. Furthermore, holoclones showed high expression of CD44, while CD24 was not expressed in these clones, thus representing the well-described tumor-initiating CD24- /CD44high population. Salinomycin decreased the CD24- /CD44high population in both docetaxel-sensitive PC3 and docetaxel-resistant (DR) PC3-DR. Moreover, treatment of PC3, DU145, PC3-DR, and DU145-DR with salinomycin led to a significant reduction in the colony formation potential by targeting the colonies with high tumor-initiating potential. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we demonstrated that salinomycin specifically targets the tumor-initiating cell population in docetaxel-sensitive and docetaxel-resistant PCa cells and may represent a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gruber
- Department of Urology, Division of Experimental UrologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Florian Handle
- Department of Urology, Division of Experimental UrologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineMolecular Endocrinology Laboratory, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Zoran Culig
- Department of Urology, Division of Experimental UrologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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Bakhshi M, Asadi J, Ebrahimi M, Moradi AV, Hajimoradi M. Increased expression of miR-146a, miR-10b, and miR-21 in cancer stem-like gastro-spheres. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16589-16599. [PMID: 31095782 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortalities globally. Accumulating evidence support the presence of gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their role in the pathogenesis and therapeutic challenges of gastric cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be influenced by the cellular differentiative state and as critical regulators of the cellular fate in development and cancer, can modulate the behavior of CSCs too. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression relevance of three prognostic miRNAs (miR-21, miR-10b, and miR-146a) in CSCs of AGS and MKN-45 gastric cancer cell lines. METHODS Serial sphere-forming assay in serum-free culture medium was used to enrich the cellular population with stem-like properties. Gastro-spheres were characterized by evaluating the stemness gene expression, clonogenicity, and resistance to docetaxel and cisplatin in comparison with their parental cells. The expression level of miRNAs in gastro-spheres and their parental cells was measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Gastro-spheres from both cell lines exhibit stem-like properties: upregulated stemness associated genes (P < 0.05), more colonogenicity and more resistance to docetaxel (P < 0.05). MKN-45 gastro-spheres exhibited upregulated expression of miR-21 (1.8-folds), miR-10b (1.34-folds) and miR-146a (4.8-folds; P < 0.05) compared with the parental cells. AGS-derived gastro-spheres showed upregulation of miR-21 (4.7-folds; P < 0.01), miR-10b (15.2-folds; P < 0.001) and miR-146a (39.3-folds; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data exhibited upregulation of miR-21, miR-10b, and miR-146a in the stem-like gastro-spheres; however; their function in gastric CSCs remains to be verified by further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Bakhshi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Jahanbakhsh Asadi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Hematopoietic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol-Vahab Moradi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Monireh Hajimoradi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Drivers of AR indifferent anti-androgen resistance in prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13786. [PMID: 31551480 PMCID: PMC6760229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) by second-generation anti-androgens is a standard treatment for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but it inevitably leads to the development of resistance. Since the introduction of highly efficient AR signalling inhibitors, approximately 20% of mCRPC patients develop disease with AR independent resistance mechanisms. In this study, we generated two anti-androgen and castration resistant prostate cancer cell models that do not rely on AR activity for growth despite robust AR expression (AR indifferent). They are thus resistant against all modern AR signalling inhibitors. Both cell lines display cross-resistance against the chemotherapeutic drug docetaxel due to MCL1 upregulation but remain sensitive to the PARP inhibitor olaparib and the pan-BCL inhibitor obatoclax. RNA-seq analysis of the anti-androgen resistant cell lines identified hyper-activation of the E2F cell-cycle master regulator as driver of AR indifferent growth, which was caused by deregulation of cyclin D/E, E2F1, RB1, and increased Myc activity. Importantly, mCRPC tissue samples with low AR activity displayed the same alterations and increased E2F activity. In conclusion, we describe two cellular models that faithfully mimic the acquisition of a treatment induced AR independent phenotype that is cross-resistant against chemotherapy and driven by E2F hyper-activation.
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Brodaczewska KK, Bielecka ZF, Maliszewska-Olejniczak K, Szczylik C, Porta C, Bartnik E, Czarnecka AM. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma cells growing in 3D on poly‑D‑lysine or laminin present a stem‑like phenotype and drug resistance. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1878-1892. [PMID: 31545459 PMCID: PMC6788014 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
3D spheroids are built by heterogeneous cell types in different proliferative and metabolic states and are enriched in cancer stem cells. The main aim of the study was to investigate the usefulness of a novel metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 3D spheroid culture for in vitro cancer stem cell physiology research and drug toxicity screening. RCC cell lines, Caki-1 (skin metastasis derived) and ACHN (pleural effusion derived), were efficiently cultured in growth-factor/serum deprived, defined, StemXvivo and Nutristem medium on laminin-coated or poly-D-lysine-coated plates. In optimal 3D culture conditions, ACHN cells (StemXVivo/poly-D-lysine) formed small spheroids with remaining adherent cells of an epithelial phenotype, while Caki-1 cells (StemXVivo/laminin) formed large dark spheroids with significantly reduced cell viability in the center. In the 3D structures, expression levels of genes encoding stem transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, NES) and RCC stem cell markers (CD105, CD133) were deregulated in comparison to these expression levels in traditional 2D culture. Sunitinib, epirubicin and doxycycline were more toxic to cells cultured in monolayers than for cells in 3D spheroids. High numbers of cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle were found in spheroids under sunitinib treatment. We showed that metastatic RCC 3D spheroids supported with ECM are a useful model to determine the cancer cell growth characteristics that are not found in adherent 2D cultures. Due to the more complex architecture, spheroids may mimic in vivo micrometastases and may be more appropriate to investigate novel drug candidate responses, including the direct effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity against RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia K Brodaczewska
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia F Bielecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, I‑27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
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Nicotinamide Metabolism Modulates the Proliferation/Differentiation Balance and Senescence of Human Primary Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1638-1647.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hu J, Sun F, Chen W, Zhang J, Zhang T, Qi M, Feng T, Liu H, Li X, Xing Y, Xiong X, Shi B, Zhou G, Han B. BTF3 sustains cancer stem-like phenotype of prostate cancer via stabilization of BMI1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:227. [PMID: 31138311 PMCID: PMC6540453 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer stem-like traits contribute to prostate cancer (PCa) progression and metastasis. Deciphering the novel molecular mechanisms underlying stem-like traits may provide important insight for developing novel therapeutics. Methods Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays in prostatic tissues; gain- and loss-of-function analyses using ectopic overexpression and shRNAs in PCa cell lines; measurements of tumorigenic and stemness properties, and transcription in vitro and in vivo; transcriptional analysis in public databases. Results We identified that overexpression of BTF3 in PCa tissues and BTF3 expression highly correlates to stem-like traits. Cancer stem-like characteristics in PCa including self-renewal and metastatic potential were impaired by BTF3 loss and promoted by BTF3 overexpression. Mechanistically, BTF3 could stabilize BMI1, which is a crucial regulator of prostate stem cell self-renewal. More importantly, our data revealed that BTF3 is highly predictive of poor prognosis and may help in risk stratification of PCa patients. Conclusions BTF3 promotes PCa progression though modeling stem-like traits in PCa. BTF3 represents a stratification marker in PCa progression and outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1222-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu hospital, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xinjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Pathology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256610, China
| | - Yuanxin Xing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xueting Xiong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, M5S1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Shandong University QiLu hospital, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Gengyin Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu hospital, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Department of Pathology, Shandong University QiLu hospital, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Fabian A, Stegner S, Miarka L, Zimmermann J, Lenk L, Rahn S, Buttlar J, Viol F, Knaack H, Esser D, Schäuble S, Großmann P, Marinos G, Häsler R, Mikulits W, Saur D, Kaleta C, Schäfer H, Sebens S. Metastasis of pancreatic cancer: An uninflamed liver micromilieu controls cell growth and cancer stem cell properties by oxidative phosphorylation in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:95-106. [PMID: 30930235 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is commonly diagnosed when liver metastases already emerged. We recently demonstrated that hepatic stromal cells determine the dormancy status along with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs) during metastasis. This study investigated the influence of the hepatic microenvironment - and its inflammatory status - on metabolic alterations and how these impact cell growth and CSC-characteristics of PDECs. Coculture with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), simulating a physiological liver stroma, but not with hepatic myofibroblasts (HMFs) representing liver inflammation promoted expression of Succinate Dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) and an oxidative metabolism along with a quiescent phenotype in PDECs. SiRNA-mediated SDHB knockdown increased cell growth and CSC-properties. Moreover, liver micrometastases of tumor bearing KPC mice strongly expressed SDHB while expression of the CSC-marker Nestin was exclusively found in macrometastases. Consistently, RNA-sequencing and in silico modeling revealed significantly altered metabolic fluxes and enhanced SDH activity predominantly in premalignant PDECs in the presence of HSC compared to HMF. Overall, these data emphasize that the hepatic microenvironment determines the metabolism of disseminated PDECs thereby controlling cell growth and CSC-properties during liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fabian
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Stegner
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lauritz Miarka
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Zimmermann
- Group Medical Systems Biology, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Michaelisstr. 5, Building 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lennart Lenk
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sascha Rahn
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jann Buttlar
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabrice Viol
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrike Knaack
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Esser
- Group Medical Systems Biology, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Michaelisstr. 5, Building 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sascha Schäuble
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Großmann
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Georgios Marinos
- Group Medical Systems Biology, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Michaelisstr. 5, Building 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Häsler
- Group Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Saur
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Group Medical Systems Biology, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Michaelisstr. 5, Building 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Buhl M, Kloskowski T, Jundzill A, Gagat M, Balcerczyk D, Adamowicz J, Grzanka A, Nowacki M, Drewa G, Olszewska-Słonina D, Drewa T, Pokrywczynska M. The different expression of key markers on urothelial holoclonal, meroclonal, and paraclonal cells in in vitro culture. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:456-465. [PMID: 30729622 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial cell populations which differ in morphology and proliferation capacities can be isolated from the urinary bladder. The goal of this study was to analyze a clonal, proliferative, and self-renewing potential of porcine urothelial cells and to compare expression of selected adhesion and tight junction molecules, urothelial and stem cell markers for the urothelial clone types. Urothelial cells were isolated from 10 porcine urinary bladders. Three different clone types: holoclone-, meroclone-and paraclone-like colonies were identified based on their morphology. To characterize and compare the urothelial clones the immunofluorescent stains were performed. Expression of pancytokeratin (PanCK), Ki-67 and p63 was higher for holoclone- like cells compared to meroclone-and paraclone-like cells (P < 0.05). Meroclone-like cells expressed higher levels of p63 compared to paraclone- like cells (P < 0.05). The level of Ki-67 and PanCK for meroclone- and paraclone- like cells was comparable (P > 0.05). β1 and β4 integrins were not expressed. Expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in cell-cell junctions for paraclone-, meroclone-and holoclone-like cells was 17.6 ± 0.6, 14.7 ± 0.5, and 16.1 ± 0.4, respectively. The results of actin filaments (F-actin) expression were 253,634 ± 6,920 for meroclone-like cells, 198,512 ± 7,977 for paraclone-like cells and 133,544 ± 3,169 for holoclone-like cells. Three urothelial cell types with differing features can be isolated from the bladder. Holoclone-like cells are the richest in stem cells and should be used in further studies for construction of neo-bladder or neo-conduit using tissue engineering methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Buhl
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kloskowski
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Jundzill
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Embriology and Histology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Daria Balcerczyk
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Adamowicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Embriology and Histology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Nowacki
- Chair and Department of Surgical Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Pokrywczynska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Tièche CC, Gao Y, Bührer ED, Hobi N, Berezowska SA, Wyler K, Froment L, Weis S, Peng RW, Bruggmann R, Schär P, Amrein MA, Hall SRR, Dorn P, Kocher G, Riether C, Ochsenbein A, Schmid RA, Marti TM. Tumor Initiation Capacity and Therapy Resistance Are Differential Features of EMT-Related Subpopulations in the NSCLC Cell Line A549. Neoplasia 2018; 21:185-196. [PMID: 30591423 PMCID: PMC6309124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines are essential tools to standardize and compare experimental findings in basic and translational cancer research. The current dogma states that cancer stem cells feature an increased tumor initiation capacity and are also chemoresistant. Here, we identified and comprehensively characterized three morphologically distinct cellular subtypes in the non–small cell lung cancer cell line A549 and challenge the current cancer stem cell dogma. Subtype-specific cellular morphology is maintained during short-term culturing, resulting in the formation of holoclonal, meroclonal, and paraclonal colonies. A549 holoclone cells were characterized by an epithelial and stem-like phenotype, paraclone cells featured a mesenchymal phenotype, whereas meroclone cells were phenotypically intermediate. Cell-surface marker expression of subpopulations changed over time, indicating an active epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in vitro and in vivo. EMT has been associated with the overexpression of the immunomodulators PD-L1 and PD-L2, which were 37- and 235-fold overexpressed in para- versus holoclone cells, respectively. We found that DNA methylation is involved in epigenetic regulation of marker expression. Holoclone cells were extremely sensitive to cisplatin and radiotherapy in vitro, whereas paraclone cells were highly resistant. However, inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, whose expression is associated with an EMT, specifically targeted the otherwise highly resistant paraclone cells. Xenograft tumor formation capacity was 24- and 269-fold higher in holo- than mero- and paraclone cells, respectively. Our results show that A549 subpopulations might serve as a unique system to explore the network of stemness, cellular plasticity, tumor initiation capacity, invasive and metastatic potential, and chemo/radiotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Charles Tièche
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elias Daniel Bührer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Hobi
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Organs-on-Chip Technologies, University of Bern, Switzerland, Institute of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Kurt Wyler
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurène Froment
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weis
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Primo Schär
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Alex Amrein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sean Ralph Robert Hall
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Dorn
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Kocher
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Alexander Schmid
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Michael Marti
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Hussain S, Saxena S, Shrivastava S, Mohanty AK, Kumar S, Singh RJ, Kumar A, Wani SA, Gandham RK, Kumar N, Sharma AK, Tiwari AK, Singh RK. Gene expression profiling of spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours: Insight into gene networks and pathways linked to cancer pathogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208656. [PMID: 30517191 PMCID: PMC6281268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms of unspayed female dogs leading to thrice higher mortality rates than human breast cancer. These are also attractive models for human breast cancer studies owing to clinical and molecular similarities. Thus, they are important candidates for biomarker studies and understanding cancer pathobiology. The study was designed to explore underlying molecular networks and pathways in CMTs for deciphering new prognostic factors and therapeutic targets. To gain an insight into various pathways and networks associated with the development and pathogenesis of CMTs, comparative cDNA microarray expression profiling was performed using CMT tissues and healthy mammary gland tissues. Upon analysis, 1700 and 1287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P ≤ 0.05) were identified in malignant and benign tissues, respectively. DEGs identified from microarray analysis were further annotated using the Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool for detection of deregulated canonical pathways, upstream regulators, and networks associated with malignant, as well as, benign disease. Top scoring key networks in benign and malignant mammary tumours were having central nodes of VEGF and BUB1B, respectively. Cyclins & cell cycle regulation and TREM1 signalling were amongst the top activated canonical pathways in CMTs. Other cancer related significant pathways like apoptosis signalling, dendritic cell maturation, DNA recombination and repair, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, etc. were also found to be altered. Furthermore, seven proteins (ANXA2, APOCII, CDK6, GATC, GDI2, GNAQ and MYH9) highly up-regulated in malignant tissues were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and MALDI-TOF PMF studies which were in concordance with microarray data. Thus, the study has uncovered ample number of candidate genes associated with CMTs which need to be further validated as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| | - Sameer Shrivastava
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [Deemed University], Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [Deemed University], Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Rajkumar James Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) BHU, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
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39
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Lee HJ, Nam SM, Choi SK, Seo KY, Kim HO, Chung SH. Comparative study of substrate free and amniotic membrane scaffolds for cultivation of limbal epithelial sheet. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14628. [PMID: 30279555 PMCID: PMC6168574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation has been proven to restore the corneal surface in limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Here we comparatively investigated the optimized conditions and the efficiency of limbal epithelial sheet growth in three media conditions as well as with substrate free (transwell), human amniotic membrane (HAM) sutured onto transwell inserts (HAMTW), and HAM slide scaffold (HAMS). Outcomes evaluated were outgrowth sheet size from limbal explants, expression of stem/progenitor cell markers p63α, ABCG2 and CK15, and colony formation efficiency (CFE). Additionally, limbal epithelial sheets on HAMS were transplanted into corneas of LSCD rabbit models. Limbal epithelial sheets with 5% human AB serum showed the greatest increase in ABCG2 efflux activity (JC1low), p63α expression, and CFE compared in both conditions without HAM and with HAM, respectively. The outgrowth sheet size, cell yield, and Ki67 expression were increased in limbal epithelial sheets on HAMS compared to transwell and HAMTW. ABCG2 efflux activity, p63α and CK15 expressions, and CFE were also increased in limbal epithelial sheets on HAMS as well. In corneas of transplanted rabbit LSCD models, p63α expressions were noted in the basal layers and CK12 expressions were observed in superficial layers. Cultivation of limbal epithelial sheet on HAMS with xeno-free medium enhances the growth and stemness of limbal epithelial sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Seoil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Min Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Hyang Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Catholic Institute of Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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40
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Knaack H, Lenk L, Philipp LM, Miarka L, Rahn S, Viol F, Hauser C, Egberts JH, Gundlach JP, Will O, Tiwari S, Mikulits W, Schumacher U, Hengstler JG, Sebens S. Liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer: the hepatic microenvironment impacts differentiation and self-renewal capacity of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31771-31786. [PMID: 30167093 PMCID: PMC6114965 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often diagnosed at advanced stages with the liver as the main site of metastases. The hepatic microenvironment has been shown to determine outgrowth of liver metastases. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are essential for initiation and maintenance of tumors and acquisition of CSC-properties has been linked to Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition. Thus, this study aimed at elucidating whether and how the hepatic microenvironment impacts stemness and differentiation of disseminated pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs). Culture of premalignant H6c7-kras and malignant Panc1 PDECs together with hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) promoted self-renewal capacity of both PDEC lines. This was indicated by higher colony formation compared to cells cocultured with hepatocytes and hepatic myofibroblasts. Different Panc1 colony types derived from an HSC-enriched coculture were expanded and characterized revealing that holoclones exhibited an enhanced colony formation ability, elevated and exclusive expression of the CSC-marker Nestin and a more pronounced mesenchymal phenotype compared to paraclones. Moreover, Panc1 holoclone cells showed an increased tumorigenic potential in vivo leading to formation of undifferentiated tumors in 7/10 animals, while inoculation of paraclone cells only led to formation of tumors in 2/10 animals being smaller in number and size. Holoclone tumors were characterized by elevated expression of mesenchymal markers, complete loss of E-cadherin expression and high expression of Nestin. Finally, Etanercept-mediated TNF-α blocking partly reversed the mesenchymal CSC-phenotype of Panc1 holoclone cells. Overall, these data provide evidence that the hepatic microenvironment determines stemness and differentiation of PDECs, thereby substantially contributing to liver metastases of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrike Knaack
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lennart Lenk
- Department of Pediatrics, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Philipp
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lauritz Miarka
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sascha Rahn
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabrice Viol
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Egberts
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Paul Gundlach
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center, Clinic of Radiology and Neuroradiology, CAU and UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center, Clinic of Radiology and Neuroradiology, CAU and UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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41
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Stem-like and highly invasive prostate cancer cells expressing CD44v8-10 marker originate from CD44-negative cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30905-30918. [PMID: 30112117 PMCID: PMC6089404 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In human prostate cancer (PCa), the neuroendocrine cells, expressing the prostate cancer stem cell (CSC) marker CD44, may be resistant to androgen ablation and promote tumor recurrence. During the study of heterogeneity of the highly aggressive neuroendocrine PCa cell lines PC3 and DU-145, we isolated and expanded in vitro a minor subpopulation of very small cells lacking CD44 (CD44neg). Unexpectedly, these sorted CD44neg cells rapidly and spontaneously converted to a stable CD44high phenotype specifically expressing the CD44v8-10 isoform which the sorted CD44high subpopulation failed to express. Surprisingly and potentially interesting, in these cells expression of CD44v8-10 was found to be induced in stem cell medium. CD44 variant isoforms are known to be more expressed in CSC and metastatic cells than CD44 standard isoform. In agreement, functional analysis of the two sorted and cultured subpopulations has shown that the CD44v8-10pos PC3 cells, resulting from the conversion of the CD44neg subpopulation, were more invasive in vitro and had a higher clonogenic potential than the sorted CD44high cells, in that they produced mainly holoclones, known to be enriched in stem-like cells. Of interest, the CD44v8-10 is more expressed in human PCa biopsies than in normal gland. The discovery of CD44v8-10pos cells with stem-like and invasive features, derived from a minoritarian CD44neg cell population in PCa, alerts on the high plasticity of stem-like markers and urges for prudency on the approaches to targeting the putative CSC.
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42
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García-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: MAP17's up-regulation, a crosspoint in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:80. [PMID: 29650022 PMCID: PMC5896160 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José M García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/ Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Vegetal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/ Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Sevilla, Spain. .,CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Madrid, Spain.
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43
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García-Heredia JM, Verdugo Sivianes EM, Lucena-Cacace A, Molina-Pinelo S, Carnero A. Numb-like (NumbL) downregulation increases tumorigenicity, cancer stem cell-like properties and resistance to chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63611-63628. [PMID: 27613838 PMCID: PMC5325389 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NumbL, or Numb-like, is a close homologue of Numb, and is part of an evolutionary conserved protein family implicated in some important cellular processes. Numb is a protein involved in cell development, in cell adhesion and migration, in asymmetric cell division, and in targeting proteins for endocytosis and ubiquitination. NumbL exhibits some overlapping functions with Numb, but its role in tumorigenesis is not fully known. Here we showed that the downregulation of NumbL alone is sufficient to increase NICD nuclear translocation and induce Notch pathway activation. Furthermore, NumbL downregulation increases epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC)-related gene transcripts and CSC-like phenotypes, including an increase in the CSC-like pool. These data suggest that NumbL can act independently as a tumor suppressor gene. Furthermore, an absence of NumbL induces chemoresistance in tumor cells. An analysis of human tumors indicates that NumbL is downregulated in a variable percentage of human tumors, with lower levels of this gene correlated with worse prognosis in colon, breast and lung tumors. Therefore, NumbL can act as an independent tumor suppressor inhibiting the Notch pathway and regulating the cancer stem cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain.,Department of Vegetal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva M Verdugo Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain.,Present address: Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
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44
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Abstract
NUMB, and its close homologue NUMBL, behave as tumor suppressor genes by regulating the Notch pathway. The downregulation of these genes in tumors is common, allowing aberrant Notch pathway activation and tumor progression. However, some known differences between NUMB and NUMBL have raised unanswered questions regarding the redundancy and/or combined regulation of the Notch pathway by these genes during the tumorigenic process. We have found that NUMB and NUMBL exhibit mutual exclusivity in human tumors, suggesting that the associated tumor suppressor role is regulated by only one of the two proteins in a specific cell, avoiding duplicate signaling and simplifying the regulatory network. We have also found differences in gene expression due to NUMB or NUMBL downregulation. These differences in gene regulation extend to pathways, such as WNT or Hedgehog. In addition to these differences, the downregulation of either gene triggers a cancer stem cell-like related phenotype. These results show the importance of both genes as an intersection with different effects over cancer stem cell signaling pathways.
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45
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Rahn S, Zimmermann V, Viol F, Knaack H, Stemmer K, Peters L, Lenk L, Ungefroren H, Saur D, Schäfer H, Helm O, Sebens S. Diabetes as risk factor for pancreatic cancer: Hyperglycemia promotes epithelial-mesenchymal-transition and stem cell properties in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:129-150. [PMID: 29222037 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with hyperglycemia and a risk to develop pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most fatal malignancies. Cancer stem cells (CSC) are essential for initiation and maintenance of tumors, and acquisition of CSC-features is linked to epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). The present study investigated whether hyperglycemia promotes EMT and CSC-features in premalignant and malignant pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDEC). Under normoglycemia (5 mM d-glucose), Panc1 PDAC cells but not premalignant H6c7-kras cells exhibited a mesenchymal phenotype along with pronounced colony formation. While hyperglycemia (25 mM d-glucose) did not impact the mesenchymal phenotype of Panc1 cells, CSC-properties were aggravated exemplified by increased Nanog expression and Nanog-dependent formation of holo- and meroclones. In H6c7-kras cells, high glucose increased secretion of Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) as well as TGF-β1 signaling, and in a TGF-β1-dependent manner reduced E-cadherin expression, increased Nestin expression and number of meroclones. Finally, reduced E-cadherin expression was detected in pancreatic ducts of hyperglycemic but not normoglycemic mice. These data suggest that hyperglycemia promotes the acquisition of mesenchymal and CSC-properties in PDEC by activating TGF-β signaling and might explain how T2DM facilitates pancreatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rahn
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vivien Zimmermann
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabrice Viol
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrike Knaack
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stemmer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lena Peters
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lennart Lenk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrik Ungefroren
- Department of General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery, UKSH Campus Kiel, Germany; First Department of Medicine, UKSH Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Helm
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Lucena-Cacace A, Otero-Albiol D, Jiménez-García MP, Muñoz-Galvan S, Carnero A. NAMPT Is a Potent Oncogene in Colon Cancer Progression that Modulates Cancer Stem Cell Properties and Resistance to Therapy through Sirt1 and PARP. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:1202-1215. [PMID: 29203587 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men worldwide. However, despite current progress, many patients with advanced and metastatic tumors still die from the malignancy. Refractory disease often relies on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent mechanisms. NAD metabolism and a stable NAD regeneration circuit are required to maintain tissue homeostasis and metabolism. However, high levels of NAD confer therapy resistance to tumors.Experimental Design: Ectopic overexpression of nicotinamide phosphoribosil transferase (NAMPT) and shRNAs in colorectal cancer cell lines, tumorigenic and stemness properties and transcription measurement in culture and in vivo Transcriptional analysis in public databases. Therapeutic approaches.Results: NAMPT, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the highest source of physiologic NAD biosynthesis, increases tumorigenic properties and induces cancer stem cell-like properties through pathways that control stem cell signaling, thus enriching the cancer-initiating cell (CIC) population. Furthermore, NAMPT expression correlated with high levels of CIC-like cells in colon tumors directly extracted from patients, and transcription meta-analysis revealed that NAMPT is also a key factor that induces cancer stem pathways in colorectal cancer tumors. This effect is mediated by PARP and SIRT1. In addition, we report a novel NAMPT-driven signature that stratifies prognosis from high to low expression groups. The NAMPT signature contained SIRT1 and PARP1 levels as well as other cancer stem cell-related genes. Finally, NAMPT inhibition increased the sensitivity to apoptosis in both NAMPT-expressing cells and tumorspheres.Conclusions: NAMPT represents a novel therapeutic target in colon cancer progression and relapse, particularly the CIC subset of human colon cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1202-15. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Otero-Albiol
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel P Jiménez-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Muñoz-Galvan
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Nair RM, Balla MM, Khan I, Kalathur RKR, Kondaiah P, Vemuganti GK. In vitro characterization of CD133 lo cancer stem cells in Retinoblastoma Y79 cell line. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:779. [PMID: 29162051 PMCID: PMC5698942 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma (Rb), the most common childhood intraocular malignant tumor, is reported to have cancer stem cells (CSCs) similar to other tumors. Our previous investigation in primary tumors identified the small sized cells with low CD133 (Prominin-1) and high CD44 (Hyaluronic acid receptor) expression to be putative Rb CSCs using flow cytometry (FSClo/SSClo/CD133lo/CD44hi). With this preliminary data, we have now utilized a comprehensive approach of in vitro characterization of Y79 Rb cell line following CSC enrichment using CD133 surface marker and subsequent validation to confirm the functional properties of CSCs. Methods The cultured Rb Y79 cells were evaluated for surface markers by flow cytometry and CD133 sorted cells (CD133lo/CD133hi) were compared for CSC characteristics by size/percentage, cell cycle assay, colony formation assay, differentiation, Matrigel transwell invasion assay, cytotoxicity assay, gene expression using microarray and validation by semi-quantitative PCR. Results Rb Y79 cell line shared the profile (CD133, CD90, CXCR4 and ABCB1) of primary tumors except for CD44 expression. The CD133lo cells (16.1 ± 0.2%) were FSClo/SSClo, predominantly within the G0/G1 phase, formed larger and higher number of colonies with ability to differentiate to CD133hi cells, exhibited increased invasive potential in a matrigel transwell assay (p < 0.05) and were resistant to Carboplatin treatment (p < 0.001) as compared to CD133hi cells. The CD133lo cells showed higher expression of several embryonic stem cell genes (HOXB2, HOXA9, SALL1, NANOG, OCT4, LEFTY), stem cells/progenitor genes (MSI2, BMI1, PROX1, ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCG2), and metastasis related gene- MACC1, when compared to the CD133hi cells. Conclusions This study validates the observation from our earlier primary tumor study that CSC properties in Rb Y79 cell line are endowed within the CD133lo population, evident by their characteristics- i.e. small sized, dormant in nature, increased colony forming ability, differentiation to CD133hi cells, higher invasiveness potential, drug resistance and primitive gene expression pattern. These findings provide a proof of concept for methodological characterization of the retinoblastoma CSCs with future implications for improved diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini M Nair
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Murali Ms Balla
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India.,Radiation Signalling and Cancer Biology Section, RB & HSD, BSG, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Imran Khan
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.,National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ravi Kiran Reddy Kalathur
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Geeta K Vemuganti
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Lucena-Cacace A, Otero-Albiol D, Jiménez-García MP, Peinado-Serrano J, Carnero A. NAMPT overexpression induces cancer stemness and defines a novel tumor signature for glioma prognosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99514-99530. [PMID: 29245920 PMCID: PMC5725111 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors associated with poor prognosis. NAMPT, a rate-limiting enzyme that boosts the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) regeneration in the salvage pathway, is commonly expressed in these tumors. NAD metabolism is required to maintain tissue homeostasis. To maintain metabolism, cancer cells require a stable NAD regeneration circuit. However, high levels of NAD confer resistance to therapy to these tumors, usually treated with Temozolomide (TMZ). We report that NAMPT overexpression in glioma cell lines increases tumorigenic properties controlling stem cell pathways and enriching the cancer-initiating cell (CIC) population. Furthermore, NAMPT expression correlated with high levels of Nanog, CD133 and CIC-like cells in glioblastoma directly extracted from patients. Meta-analysis reveals that NAMPT is also a key factor inducing cancer stem pathways in glioma cells. Furthermore, we report a novel NAMPT-driven signature which stratify prognosis within tumor staging. NAMPT signature also correlates directly with EGFR positive and IDH negative tumors. Finally, NAMPT inhibition increases sensitivity to apoptosis in both NAMPT-expressing cells and tumorspheres. Therefore, NAMPT represents a novel therapeutic target in Glioma progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER DE CANCER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Otero-Albiol
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER DE CANCER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel P. Jiménez-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER DE CANCER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Peinado-Serrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER DE CANCER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Prodinger CM, Reichelt J, Bauer JW, Laimer M. Current and Future Perspectives of Stem Cell Therapy in Dermatology. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:667-687. [PMID: 29200755 PMCID: PMC5705348 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.6.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of generating, sustaining, and replacing terminally differentiated cells and tissues. They can be isolated from embryonic as well as almost all adult tissues including skin, but are also generated through genetic reprogramming of differentiated cells. Preclinical and clinical research has recently tremendously improved stem cell therapy, being a promising treatment option for various diseases in which current medical therapies fail to cure, prevent progression or relieve symptoms. With the main goal of regeneration or sustained genetic correction of damaged tissue, advanced tissue-engineering techniques are especially applicable for many dermatological diseases including wound healing, genodermatoses (like the severe blistering disorder epidermolysis bullosa) and chronic (auto-)inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes general aspects as well as current and future perspectives of stem cell therapy in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Prodinger
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Reichelt
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann W Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Laimer
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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50
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Jasińska-Konior K, Pochylczuk K, Czajka E, Michalik M, Romanowska-Dixon B, Swakoń J, Urbańska K, Elas M. Proton beam irradiation inhibits the migration of melanoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186002. [PMID: 29016654 PMCID: PMC5634624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In recent years experimental data have indicated that low-energy proton beam radiation might induce a difference in cellular migration in comparison to photons. We therefore set out to compare the effect of proton beam irradiation and X-rays on the survival and long-term migratory properties of two cell lines: uveal melanoma Mel270 and skin melanoma BLM. Materials and methods Cells treated with either proton beam or X-rays were analyzed for their survival using clonogenic assay and MTT test. Long-term migratory properties were assessed with time-lapse monitoring of individual cell movements, wound test and transpore migration, while the expression of the related proteins was measured with western blot. Results Exposure to proton beam and X-rays led to similar survival but the quality of the cell colonies was markedly different. More paraclones with a low proliferative activity and fewer highly-proliferative holoclones were found after proton beam irradiation in comparison to X-rays. At 20 or 40 days post-irradiation, migratory capacity was decreased more by proton beam than by X-rays. The beta-1-integrin level was decreased in Mel270 cells after both types of radiation, while vimentin, a marker of EMT, was increased in BLM cells only. Conclusions We conclude that proton beam irradiation induced long-term inhibition of cellular motility, as well as changes in the level of beta-1 integrin and vimentin. If confirmed, the change in the quality, but not in the number of colonies after proton beam irradiation might favor tumor growth inhibition after fractionated proton therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Pochylczuk
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Czajka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Bożena Romanowska-Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jan Swakoń
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krystyna Urbańska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Martyna Elas
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Cracow, Poland
- * E-mail:
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