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Peng A, Xu HN, Moon L, Zhang P, Li LZ. Quantitative Optical Redox Imaging of Melanoma Xenografts with Different Metastatic Potentials. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1669. [PMID: 38730620 PMCID: PMC11083304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To develop imaging biomarkers for tumors aggressiveness, our previous optical redox imaging (ORI) studies of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp, containing flavin adenine dinucleotide, i.e., FAD) in tumor xenografts of human melanoma associated the high optical redox ratio (ORR = Fp/(Fp + NADH)) and its heterogeneity to the high invasive/metastatic potential, without having reported quantitative results for NADH and Fp. Here, we implemented a calibration procedure to facilitate imaging the nominal concentrations of tissue NADH and Fp in the mouse xenografts of two human melanoma lines, an indolent less metastatic A375P and a more metastatic C8161. Images of the redox indices (NADH, Fp, ORR) revealed the existence of more oxidized areas (OAs) and more reduced areas (RAs) within individual tumors. ORR was found to be higher and NADH lower in C8161 compared to that of A375P xenografts, both globally for the whole tumors and locally in OAs. The ORR in the OA can differentiate xenografts with a higher statistical significance than the global averaged ORR. H&E staining of the tumors indicated that the redox differences we identified were more likely due to intrinsically different cell metabolism, rather than variations in cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Peng
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.P.); (H.N.X.); (L.M.)
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - He N. Xu
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.P.); (H.N.X.); (L.M.)
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lily Moon
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.P.); (H.N.X.); (L.M.)
| | - Paul Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Lin Z. Li
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.P.); (H.N.X.); (L.M.)
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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2
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Hu L, De Hoyos D, Lei Y, West AP, Walsh AJ. 3D convolutional neural networks predict cellular metabolic pathway use from fluorescence lifetime decay data. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016112. [PMID: 38420625 PMCID: PMC10901549 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging of the co-enzyme reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) offers a label-free approach for detecting cellular metabolic perturbations. However, the relationships between variations in NADH lifetime and metabolic pathway changes are complex, preventing robust interpretation of NADH lifetime data relative to metabolic phenotypes. Here, a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) trained at the cell level with 3D NAD(P)H lifetime decay images (two spatial dimensions and one time dimension) was developed to identify metabolic pathway usage by cancer cells. NADH fluorescence lifetime images of MCF7 breast cancer cells with three isolated metabolic pathways, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and glutaminolysis were obtained by a multiphoton fluorescence lifetime microscope and then segmented into individual cells as the input data for the classification models. The 3D CNN models achieved over 90% accuracy in identifying cancer cells reliant on glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, or glutaminolysis. Furthermore, the model trained with human breast cancer cell data successfully predicted the differences in metabolic phenotypes of macrophages from control and POLG-mutated mice. These results suggest that the integration of autofluorescence lifetime imaging with 3D CNNs enables intracellular spatial patterns of NADH intensity and temporal dynamics of the lifetime decay to discriminate multiple metabolic phenotypes. Furthermore, the use of 3D CNNs to identify metabolic phenotypes from NADH fluorescence lifetime decay images eliminates the need for time- and expertise-demanding exponential decay fitting procedures. In summary, metabolic-prediction CNNs will enable live-cell and in vivo metabolic measurements with single-cell resolution, filling a current gap in metabolic measurement technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Daniela De Hoyos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Yuanjiu Lei
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas 77807, USA
| | | | - Alex J. Walsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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3
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Torabi M, Yasami-Khiabani S, Sardari S, Golkar M, Pérez-Sánchez H, Ghasemi F. Identification of new potential candidates to inhibit EGF via machine learning algorithm. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176176. [PMID: 38000720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the cost-effective alternative methods to find new inhibitors has been the repositioning approach of existing drugs. The advantage of computational drug repositioning method is saving time and cost to remove the pre-clinical step and accelerate the drug discovery process. Hence, an ensemble computational-experimental approach, consisting of three steps, a machine learning model, simulation of drug-target interaction and experimental characterization, was developed. The machine learning type used here was a different tree classification method, which is one of the best randomize machine learning model to identify potential inhibitors from weak inhibitors. This model was trained more than one-hundred times, and forty top trained models were extracted for the drug repositioning step. The machine learning step aimed to discover the approved drugs with the highest possible success rate in the experimental step. Therefore, among all the identified molecules with more than 0.9 probability in more than 70% of the models, nine compounds, were selected. Besides, out of the nine chosen drugs, seven compounds have been confirmed to inhibit EGF in the published articles since 2019. Hence, two identified compounds, in addition to gefitinib, as a positive control, five weak-inhibitors and one neutral, were considered via molecular docking study. Finally, the eight proposed drugs, including gefitinib, were investigated using MTT assay and In-Cell ELISA to characterize the drugs' effect on A431 cell growth and EGF-signaling. From our experiments, we could conclude that salicylic acid and piperazine could play an EGF-inhibitor role like gefitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Torabi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Golkar
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Reseach Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, E30107, Spain
| | - Fahimeh Ghasemi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Sunassee ED, Jardim-Perassi BV, Madonna MC, Ordway B, Ramanujam N. Metabolic Imaging as a Tool to Characterize Chemoresistance and Guide Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:995-1009. [PMID: 37343066 PMCID: PMC10592445 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
After an initial response to chemotherapy, tumor relapse is frequent. This event is reflective of both the spatiotemporal heterogeneities of the tumor microenvironment as well as the evolutionary propensity of cancer cell populations to adapt to variable conditions. Because the cause of this adaptation could be genetic or epigenetic, studying phenotypic properties such as tumor metabolism is useful as it reflects molecular, cellular, and tissue-level dynamics. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the characteristic metabolic phenotype is a highly fermentative state. However, during treatment, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the metabolic landscape are highly unstable, with surviving populations taking on a variety of metabolic states. Thus, longitudinally imaging tumor metabolism provides a promising approach to inform therapeutic strategies, and to monitor treatment responses to understand and mitigate recurrence. Here we summarize some examples of the metabolic plasticity reported in TNBC following chemotherapy and review the current metabolic imaging techniques available in monitoring chemotherapy responses clinically and preclinically. The ensemble of imaging technologies we describe has distinct attributes that make them uniquely suited for a particular length scale, biological model, and/or features that can be captured. We focus on TNBC to highlight the potential of each of these technological advances in understanding evolution-based therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enakshi D. Sunassee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Megan C. Madonna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Bryce Ordway
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nirmala Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Yan J, Lima Goncalves CF, Korfhage MO, Hasan MZ, Fan TWM, Wang X, Zhu C. Portable optical spectroscopic assay for non-destructive measurement of key metabolic parameters on in vitro cancer cells and organotypic fresh tumor slices. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4065-4079. [PMID: 37799678 PMCID: PMC10549737 DOI: 10.1364/boe.497127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
To enable non-destructive metabolic characterizations on in vitro cancer cells and organotypic tumor models for therapeutic studies in an easy-to-access way, we report a highly portable optical spectroscopic assay for simultaneous measurement of glucose uptake and mitochondrial function on various cancer models with high sensitivity. Well-established breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) were used to validate the optical spectroscopic assay for metabolic characterizations, while fresh tumor samples harvested from both animals and human cancer patients were used to test the feasibility of our optical metabolic assay for non-destructive measurement of key metabolic parameters on organotypic tumor slices. Our optical metabolic assay captured that MCF-7 cells had higher mitochondrial metabolism, but lower glucose uptake compared to the MDA-MB-231 cells, which is consistent with our microscopy imaging and flow cytometry data, as well as the published Seahorse Assay data. Moreover, we demonstrated that our optical assay could non-destructively measure both glucose uptake and mitochondrial metabolism on the same cancer cell samples at one time, which remains challenging by existing metabolic tools. Our pilot tests on thin fresh tumor slices showed that our optical assay captured increased metabolic activities in tumors compared to normal tissues. Our non-destructive optical metabolic assay provides a cost-effective way for future longitudinal therapeutic studies using patient-derived organotypic fresh tumor slices through the lens of tumor energetics, which will significantly advance translational cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | | | - Madison O. Korfhage
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Md Zahid Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Teresa W.-M. Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Caigang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Samimi K, Desa DE, Lin W, Weiss K, Li J, Huisken J, Miskolci V, Huttenlocher A, Chacko JV, Velten A, Rogers JD, Eliceiri KW, Skala MC. Light-sheet autofluorescence lifetime imaging with a single-photon avalanche diode array. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:066502. [PMID: 37351197 PMCID: PMC10284079 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.6.066502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Significance Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of the metabolic co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] is a popular method to monitor single-cell metabolism within unperturbed, living 3D systems. However, FLIM of NAD(P)H has not been performed in a light-sheet geometry, which is advantageous for rapid imaging of cells within live 3D samples. Aim We aim to design, validate, and demonstrate a proof-of-concept light-sheet system for NAD(P)H FLIM. Approach A single-photon avalanche diode camera was integrated into a light-sheet microscope to achieve optical sectioning and limit out-of-focus contributions for NAD(P)H FLIM of single cells. Results An NAD(P)H light-sheet FLIM system was built and validated with fluorescence lifetime standards and with time-course imaging of metabolic perturbations in pancreas cancer cells with 10 s integration times. NAD(P)H light-sheet FLIM in vivo was demonstrated with live neutrophil imaging in a larval zebrafish tail wound also with 10 s integration times. Finally, the theoretical and practical imaging speeds for NAD(P)H FLIM were compared across laser scanning and light-sheet geometries, indicating a 30 × to 6 × acquisition speed advantage for the light sheet compared to the laser scanning geometry. Conclusions FLIM of NAD(P)H is feasible in a light-sheet geometry and is attractive for 3D live cell imaging applications, such as monitoring immune cell metabolism and migration within an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Samimi
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Danielle E. Desa
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Wei Lin
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kurt Weiss
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biochemistry, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Joe Li
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jan Huisken
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Department of Biology and Psychology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Miskolci
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Center for Cell Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jenu V. Chacko
- University of Wisconsin, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Andreas Velten
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Rogers
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Yuzhakova DV, Sachkova DA, Shirmanova MV, Mozherov AM, Izosimova AV, Zolotova AS, Yashin KS. Measurement of Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cell Response to Temozolomide Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of NAD(P)H. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:796. [PMID: 37375743 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized strategies in glioblastoma treatment are highly necessary. One of the possible approaches is drug screening using patient-derived tumor cells. However, this requires reliable methods for assessment of the response of tumor cells to treatment. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a promising instrument to detect early cellular response to chemotherapy using the autofluorescence of metabolic cofactors. Here, we explored FLIM of NAD(P)H to evaluate the sensitivity of patient-derived glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ) in vitro. Our results demonstrate that the more-responsive cell cultures displayed the longest mean fluorescence lifetime τm after TMZ treatment due to an increase in the protein-bound NAD(P)H fraction α2 associated with a shift to oxidative phosphorylation. The cell cultures that responded poorly to TMZ had generally shorter τm, i.e., were more glycolytic, and showed no or insignificant changes after treatment. The FLIM data correlate well with standard measurements of cellular drug response-cell viability and proliferation index and clinical response in patients. Therefore, FLIM of NAD(P)H provides a highly sensitive, label-free assay of treatment response directly on patient-derived glioblastoma cells and can become an innovative platform for individual drug screening for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana V Yuzhakova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria A Sachkova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Marina V Shirmanova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Artem M Mozherov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anna V Izosimova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anna S Zolotova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Konstantin S Yashin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Samimi K, Desa DE, Lin W, Weiss K, Li J, Huisken J, Miskolci V, Huttenlocher A, Chacko JV, Velten A, Rogers JD, Eliceiri KW, Skala1 MC. Light sheet autofluorescence lifetime imaging with a single photon avalanche diode array. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526695. [PMID: 36778488 PMCID: PMC9915663 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array sensors can increase the imaging speed for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) by transitioning from laser scanning to widefield geometries. While a SPAD camera in epi-fluorescence geometry enables widefield FLIM of fluorescently labeled samples, label-free imaging of single-cell autofluorescence is not feasible in an epi-fluorescence geometry because background fluorescence from out-of-focus features masks weak cell autofluorescence and biases lifetime measurements. Here, we address this problem by integrating the SPAD camera in a light sheet illumination geometry to achieve optical sectioning and limit out-of-focus contributions, enabling fast label-free FLIM of single-cell NAD(P)H autofluorescence. The feasibility of this NAD(P)H light sheet FLIM system was confirmed with time-course imaging of metabolic perturbations in pancreas cancer cells with 10 s integration times, and in vivo NAD(P)H light sheet FLIM was demonstrated with live neutrophil imaging in a zebrafish tail wound, also with 10 s integration times. Finally, the theoretical and practical imaging speeds for NAD(P)H FLIM were compared across laser scanning and light sheet geometries, indicating a 30X to 6X frame rate advantage for the light sheet compared to the laser scanning geometry. This light sheet system provides faster frame rates for 3D NAD(P)H FLIM for live cell imaging applications such as monitoring single cell metabolism and immune cell migration throughout an entire living organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kurt Weiss
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joe Li
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jan Huisken
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Miskolci
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jenu V. Chacko
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andreas Velten
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Rogers
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala1
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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9
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Filon MJ, Gillette AA, Yang B, Khemees TA, Skala MC, Jarrard DF. Prostate cancer cells demonstrate unique metabolism and substrate adaptability acutely after androgen deprivation therapy. Prostate 2022; 82:1547-1557. [PMID: 35980831 PMCID: PMC9804183 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the standard of care for advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (PC), yet tumors invariably develop resistance resulting in castrate-resistant PC. The acute response of cancer cells to ADT includes apoptosis and cell death, but a large fraction remains arrested but viable. In this study, we focused on intensively characterizing the early metabolic changes that result after ADT to define potential metabolic targets for treatment. METHODS A combination of mass spectrometry, optical metabolic imaging which noninvasively measures drug responses in cells, oxygen consumption rate, and protein expression analysis was used to characterize and block metabolic pathways over several days in multiple PC cell lines with variable hormone response status including ADT sensitive lines LNCaP and VCaP, and resistant C4-2 and DU145. RESULTS Mass spectrometry analysis of LNCaP pre- and postexposure to ADT revealed an abundance of glycolytic intermediates after ADT. In LNCaP and VCaP, a reduction in the optical redox ratio [NAD(P)H/FAD], extracellular acidification rate, and a downregulation of key regulatory enzymes for fatty acid and glutamine utilization was acutely observed after ADT. Screening several metabolic inhibitors revealed that blocking fatty acid oxidation and synthesis reversed this stress response in the optical redox ratio seen with ADT alone in LNCaP and VCaP. In contrast, both cell lines demonstrated increased sensitivity to the glycolytic inhibitor 2-Deoxy- d-glucose(2-DG) and maintained sensitivity to electron transport chain inhibitor Malonate after ADT exposure. ADT followed by 2-DG results in synergistic cell death, a result not seen with simultaneous administration. CONCLUSIONS Hormone-sensitive PC cells displayed altered metabolic profiles early after ADT including an overall depression in energy metabolism, induction of a quiescent/senescent phenotype, and sensitivity to selected metabolic inhibitors. Glycolytic blocking agents (e.g., 2-DG) as a sequential treatment after ADT may be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj J. Filon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Amani A. Gillette
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Morgridge Institute for ResearchMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Tariq A. Khemees
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Morgridge Institute for ResearchMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - David F. Jarrard
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology ProgramUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
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10
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Tam K, Alhiyari Y, Huang S, Han A, Stafsudd O, Shori R, John MS. Label-free, real-time detection of perineural invasion and cancer margins in a murine model of head and neck cancer surgery. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12871. [PMID: 35896579 PMCID: PMC9329308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16975-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical management of head and neck cancer requires a careful balance between complete resection of malignancy and preservation of function. Surgeons must also determine whether to resect important cranial nerves that harbor perineural invasion (PNI), as sacrificing nerves can result in significant morbidity including facial paralysis. Our group has previously reported that Dynamic Optical Contrast Imaging (DOCI), a novel non-invasive imaging system, can determine margins between malignant and healthy tissues. Herein, we use an in vivo murine model to demonstrate that DOCI can accurately identify cancer margins and perineural invasion, concordant with companion histology. Eight C3H/HeJ male mice were injected subcutaneously into the bilateral flanks with SCCVIISF, a murine head and neck cancer cell line. DOCI imaging was performed prior to resection to determine margins. Both tumor and margins were sent for histologic sectioning. After validating that DOCI can delineate HNSCC margins, we investigated whether DOCI can identify PNI. In six C3H/HeJ male mice, the left sciatic nerve was injected with PBS and the right with SCCVIISF. After DOCI imaging, the sciatic nerves were harvested for histologic analysis. All DOCI images were acquired intraoperatively and in real-time (10 s per channel), with an operatively relevant wide field of view. DOCI values distinguishing cancer from adjacent healthy tissue types were statistically significant (P < 0.05). DOCI imaging was also able to detect perineural invasion with 100% accuracy compared to control (P < 0.05). DOCI allows for intraoperative, real-time visualization of malignant and healthy tissue margins and perineural invasion to help guide tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenric Tam
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave. 62-132 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1624, USA
| | - Yazeed Alhiyari
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave. 62-132 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1624, USA
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave. 62-132 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1624, USA
| | - Albert Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave. 62-132 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1624, USA
| | - Oscar Stafsudd
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ramesh Shori
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Maie St John
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave. 62-132 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1624, USA.
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11
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Duran-Sierra E, Cheng S, Cuenca R, Ahmed B, Ji J, Yakovlev VV, Martinez M, Al-Khalil M, Al-Enazi H, Jo JA. Clinical label-free endoscopic imaging of biochemical and metabolic autofluorescence biomarkers of benign, precancerous, and cancerous oral lesions. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3685-3698. [PMID: 35991912 PMCID: PMC9352301 DOI: 10.1364/boe.460081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Early detection is critical for improving the survival rate and quality of life of oral cancer patients; unfortunately, dysplastic and early-stage cancerous oral lesions are often difficult to distinguish from oral benign lesions during standard clinical oral examination. Therefore, there is a critical need for novel clinical technologies that would enable reliable oral cancer screening. The autofluorescence properties of the oral epithelial tissue provide quantitative information about morphological, biochemical, and metabolic tissue and cellular alterations accompanying carcinogenesis. This study aimed to identify novel biochemical and metabolic autofluorescence biomarkers of oral dysplasia and cancer that could be clinically imaged using novel multispectral autofluorescence lifetime imaging (maFLIM) endoscopy technologies. In vivo maFLIM clinical endoscopic images of benign, precancerous, and cancerous lesions from 67 patients were acquired using a novel maFLIM endoscope. Widefield maFLIM feature maps were generated, and statistical analyses were applied to identify maFLIM features providing contrast between dysplastic/cancerous vs. benign oral lesions. A total of 14 spectral and time-resolved maFLIM features were found to provide contrast between dysplastic/cancerous vs. benign oral lesions, representing novel biochemical and metabolic autofluorescence biomarkers of oral epithelial dysplasia and cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of clinical widefield maFLIM endoscopic imaging of novel biochemical and metabolic autofluorescence biomarkers of oral dysplasia and cancer, supporting the potential of maFLIM endoscopy for early detection of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Duran-Sierra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shuna Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rodrigo Cuenca
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Beena Ahmed
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jim Ji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar
| | - Vladislav V. Yakovlev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mathias Martinez
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Moustafa Al-Khalil
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Hussain Al-Enazi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Javier A. Jo
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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12
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Label-free sensing of cells with fluorescence lifetime imaging: The quest for metabolic heterogeneity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2118241119. [PMID: 35217616 PMCID: PMC8892511 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118241119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular, morphological, and physiological heterogeneity is the inherent property of cells which governs differences in their response to external influence. Tumor cell metabolic heterogeneity is of a special interest due to its clinical relevance to tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes. Rapid, sensitive, and noninvasive assessment of metabolic heterogeneity of cells is a great demand for biomedical sciences. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), which is an all-optical technique, is an emerging tool for sensing and quantifying cellular metabolism by measuring fluorescence decay parameters of endogenous fluorophores, such as NAD(P)H. To achieve accurate discrimination between metabolically diverse cellular subpopulations, appropriate approaches to FLIM data collection and analysis are needed. In this paper, the unique capability of FLIM to attain the overarching goal of discriminating metabolic heterogeneity is demonstrated. This has been achieved using an approach to data analysis based on the nonparametric analysis, which revealed a much better sensitivity to the presence of metabolically distinct subpopulations compared to more traditional approaches of FLIM measurements and analysis. The approach was further validated for imaging cultured cancer cells treated with chemotherapy. These results pave the way for accurate detection and quantification of cellular metabolic heterogeneity using FLIM, which will be valuable for assessing therapeutic vulnerabilities and predicting clinical outcomes.
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13
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Datta R, Sivanand S, Lau AN, Florek LV, Barbeau AM, Wyckoff J, Skala MC, Vander Heiden MG. Interactions with stromal cells promote a more oxidized cancer cell redox state in pancreatic tumors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabg6383. [PMID: 35061540 PMCID: PMC8782446 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Access to electron acceptors supports oxidized biomass synthesis and can be limiting for cancer cell proliferation, but how cancer cells overcome this limitation in tumors is incompletely understood. Nontransformed cells in tumors can help cancer cells overcome metabolic limitations, particularly in pancreatic cancer, where pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) promote cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. However, whether PSCs affect the redox state of cancer cells is not known. By taking advantage of the endogenous fluorescence properties of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactors we use optical imaging to assess the redox state of pancreatic cancer cells and PSCs and find that direct interactions between PSCs and cancer cells promote a more oxidized state in cancer cells. This suggests that metabolic interaction between cancer cells and PSCs is a mechanism to overcome the redox limitations of cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsa Datta
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Sharanya Sivanand
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Allison N. Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Anna M. Barbeau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wyckoff
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Druzhkova IN, Shirmanova MV, Kuznetsova DS, Lukina ММ, Zagaynova ЕV. Modern Approaches to Testing Drug Sensitivity of Patients' Tumors (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:91-102. [PMID: 34795997 PMCID: PMC8596271 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug therapy is still one of the basic techniques used to treat cancers of different etiology. However, tumor resistance to drugs is a pressing problem limiting drug treatment efficacy. It is obvious for both modern fundamental and clinical oncology that there is the need for an individual approach to treating cancer taking into account the biological properties of a tumor when prescribing chemo- and targeted therapy. One of the promising strategies is to increase the antitumor therapy efficacy by developing predictive tests, which enable to evaluate the sensitivity of a particular tumor to a specific drug or a drug combination before the treatment initiation and, thus, make individual therapy selection possible. The present review considers the main approaches to drug sensitivity assessment of patients’ tumors: molecular genetic profiling of tumor cells, and direct efficiency testing of the drugs on tumor cells isolated from surgical or biopsy material. There were analyzed the key directions in research and clinical studies such as: the search for predictive molecular markers, the development of methods to maintain tumor cells or tissue sections viable, i.e. in a condition maximum close to their physiological state, the development of high throughput systems to assess therapy efficiency. Special attention was given to a patient-centered approach to drug therapy in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Druzhkova
- Junior Researcher, Fluorescent Bio-imaging Laboratory, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M V Shirmanova
- Deputy Director for Science, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Head of Fluorescent Bio-imaging Laboratory, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D S Kuznetsova
- Researcher, Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - М М Lukina
- Junior Researcher, Fluorescent Bio-imaging Laboratory, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - Е V Zagaynova
- Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rector; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Optical Coherence Tomography, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
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15
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Podsednik A, Jiang J, Jacob A, Li LZ, Xu HN. Optical Redox Imaging of Treatment Responses to Nampt Inhibition and Combination Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115563. [PMID: 34070254 PMCID: PMC8197351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the utility of optical redox imaging (ORI) to identify the therapeutic response of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) under various drug treatments. Cultured HCC1806 and MDA-MB-231 cells treated with FK866 (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) inhibitor), FX11 (lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitor), paclitaxel, and their combinations were subjected to ORI, followed by imaging fluorescently labeled reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cell growth inhibition was measured by a cell viability assay. We found that both cell lines experienced significant NADH decrease and redox ratio (Fp/(NADH+Fp)) increase due to FK866 treatment; however, HCC1806 was much more responsive than MDA-MB-231. We further studied HCC1806 with the main findings: (i) nicotinamide riboside (NR) partially restored NADH in FK866-treated cells; (ii) FX11 induced an over 3-fold NADH increase in FK866 or FK866+NR pretreated cells; (iii) FK866 combined with paclitaxel caused synergistic increases in both Fp and the redox ratio; (iv) FK866 sensitized cells to paclitaxel treatments, which agrees with the redox changes detected by ORI; (v) Fp and the redox ratio positively correlated with cell growth inhibition; and (vi) Fp and NADH positively correlated with ROS level. Our study supports the utility of ORI for detecting the treatment responses of TNBC to Nampt inhibition and the sensitization effects on standard chemotherapeutics.
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16
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Taghvaei F, Rastin SJ, Milani AT, Khameneh ZR, Hamini F, Rasouli MA, Asghari K, Rekabi Shishavan AM, Ebrahimifar M, Rashidi S. Carboplatin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate synergistically induce cytotoxic effects in esophageal cancer cells. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:240-249. [PMID: 34221057 PMCID: PMC8216160 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.314822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: We aimed at evaluating the effects of combinatorial treatments with carboplatin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the KYSE-30 esophageal cancer (EC) cell line and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Experimental approach: EC cells were harvested and exposed to increasing concentrations of carboplatin and EGCG to construct a dose-response plot. Cell inhibitory effects were assessed by the MTT method and apoptosis-related gene expression levels (caspases 8 and 9) and Bcl-2 mRNA were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The lactate levels in the various treated cases were analyzed using the colorimetric assay kit. In addition, total antioxidant capacity was measured. Findings/Results: The results indicated that, following treatments with carboplatin in IC20, IC25, and IC10 concentrations when combined with EGCG in similar concentrations, synergistically decreased cell viability versus single treatments of both agents. Also, in combined treatments at IC20 and IC25 of both agents the gene expression ratio of caspases 8 and 9 upregulated significantly compared to monotherapies (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 gene expression ratios were decreased in double agents treated cells versus monotherapies. Following treatment of KYSE-30 cells with carboplatin and EGCG in double combinations, lactate levels were significantly decreased compared with the untreated cells and single treatments (P < 0.05). Also, in IC25, IC20, and IC10 concentrations of both agents the total antioxidant capacity levels were decreased versus monotherapies and untreated cells. Conclusion and implications: The presented study determined that treatment with carboplatin and EGCG was capable of promoting cytotoxicity in EC cells and inhibits the cancer progress. Combined treatments with low concentrations of carboplatin and EGCG may promote apoptosis induction and inhibit cell growth. These results confirmed the anticancer effects of carboplatin and EGCG and providing a base for additional use of EGCG to the EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Taghvaei
- Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, I.R. Iran
| | - Sepideh Jafarzadeh Rastin
- Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, I.R. Iran
| | - Attabak Toofani Milani
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
| | - Zakieh Rostamzadeh Khameneh
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Forough Hamini
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Aziz Rasouli
- Vice Chancellor for Educational and Research, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, I.R. Iran
| | - Keivan Asghari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Rekabi Shishavan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Meysam Ebrahimifar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahreza Azad University, Shahreza, I.R. Iran
| | - Siamak Rashidi
- Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, I.R. Iran
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17
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Gil DA, Deming D, Skala MC. Patient-derived cancer organoid tracking with wide-field one-photon redox imaging to assess treatment response. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200400R. [PMID: 33754540 PMCID: PMC7983069 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.3.036005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Accessible tools are needed for rapid, non-destructive imaging of patient-derived cancer organoid (PCO) treatment response to accelerate drug discovery and streamline treatment planning for individual patients. AIM To segment and track individual PCOs with wide-field one-photon redox imaging to extract morphological and metabolic variables of treatment response. APPROACH Redox imaging of the endogenous fluorophores, nicotinamide dinucleotide (NADH), nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), was used to monitor the metabolic state and morphology of PCOs. Redox imaging was performed on a wide-field one-photon epifluorescence microscope to evaluate drug response in two colorectal PCO lines. An automated image analysis framework was developed to track PCOs across multiple time points over 48 h. Variables quantified for each PCO captured metabolic and morphological response to drug treatment, including the optical redox ratio (ORR) and organoid area. RESULTS The ORR (NAD(P)H/(FAD + NAD(P)H)) was independent of PCO morphology pretreatment. Drugs that induced cell death decreased the ORR and growth rate compared to control. Multivariate analysis of redox and morphology variables identified distinct PCO subpopulations. Single-organoid tracking improved sensitivity to drug treatment compared to pooled organoid analysis. CONCLUSIONS Wide-field one-photon redox imaging can monitor metabolic and morphological changes on a single organoid-level, providing an accessible, non-destructive tool to screen drugs in patient-matched samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Gil
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Dustin Deming
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Address all correspondence to Melissa C. Skala,
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18
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Prasad S, Chandra A, Cavo M, Parasido E, Fricke S, Lee Y, D'Amone E, Gigli G, Albanese C, Rodriguez O, Del Mercato LL. Optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches for investigating the tumour microenvironment: state-of-the-art review and future trends. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:062001. [PMID: 33065554 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) strongly influences tumorigenesis and metastasis. Two of the most characterized properties of the TME are acidosis and hypoxia, both of which are considered hallmarks of tumours as well as critical factors in response to anticancer treatments. Currently, various imaging approaches exist to measure acidosis and hypoxia in the TME, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography and optical imaging. In this review, we will focus on the latest fluorescent-based methods for optical sensing of cell metabolism and MRI as diagnostic imaging tools applied both in vitro and in vivo. The primary emphasis will be on describing the current and future uses of systems that can measure intra- and extra-cellular pH and oxygen changes at high spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, the suitability of these approaches for mapping tumour heterogeneity, and assessing response or failure to therapeutics will also be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Prasad
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anil Chandra
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Cavo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Stanley Fricke
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yichien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Eliana D'Amone
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio De Giorgi', University of Salento, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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In Vivo Optical Metabolic Imaging of Long-Chain Fatty Acid Uptake in Orthotopic Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010148. [PMID: 33466329 PMCID: PMC7794847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A dysregulated metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Once understood, tumor metabolic reprogramming can lead to targetable vulnerabilities, spurring the development of novel treatment strategies. Beyond the common observation that tumors rely heavily on glucose, building evidence indicates that a subset of tumors use lipids to maintain their proliferative or metastatic phenotype. This study developed an intra-vital microscopy method to quantify lipid uptake in breast cancer murine models using a fluorescently labeled palmitate molecule, Bodipy FL c16. This work highlights optical imaging’s ability to both measure metabolic endpoints non-destructively and repeatedly, as well as inform small animal metabolic phenotyping beyond in vivo optical imaging of breast cancer alone. Abstract Targeting a tumor’s metabolic dependencies is a clinically actionable therapeutic approach; however, identifying subtypes of tumors likely to respond remains difficult. The use of lipids as a nutrient source is of particular importance, especially in breast cancer. Imaging techniques offer the opportunity to quantify nutrient use in preclinical tumor models to guide development of new drugs that restrict uptake or utilization of these nutrients. We describe a fast and dynamic approach to image fatty acid uptake in vivo and demonstrate its relevance to study both tumor metabolic reprogramming directly, as well as the effectiveness of drugs targeting lipid metabolism. Specifically, we developed a quantitative optical approach to spatially and longitudinally map the kinetics of long-chain fatty acid uptake in in vivo murine models of breast cancer using a fluorescently labeled palmitate molecule, Bodipy FL c16. We chose intra-vital microscopy of mammary tumor windows to validate our approach in two orthotopic breast cancer models: a MYC-overexpressing, transgenic, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model and a murine model of the 4T1 family. Following injection, Bodipy FL c16 fluorescence increased and reached its maximum after approximately 30 min, with the signal remaining stable during the 30–80 min post-injection period. We used the fluorescence at 60 min (Bodipy60), the mid-point in the plateau region, as a summary parameter to quantify Bodipy FL c16 fluorescence in subsequent experiments. Using our imaging platform, we observed a two- to four-fold decrease in fatty acid uptake in response to the downregulation of the MYC oncogene, consistent with findings from in vitro metabolic assays. In contrast, our imaging studies report an increase in fatty acid uptake with tumor aggressiveness (6NR, 4T07, and 4T1), and uptake was significantly decreased after treatment with a fatty acid transport inhibitor, perphenazine, in both normal mammary pads and in the most aggressive 4T1 tumor model. Our approach fills an important gap between in vitro assays providing rich metabolic information at static time points and imaging approaches visualizing metabolism in whole organs at a reduced resolution.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Fluorescence of co-enzyme reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp) provides a sensitive measure of the mitochondrial redox state and cellular metabolism. By imaging NADH and Fp, we investigated the utility of optical redox imaging (ORI) to monitor cellular metabolism and detect early metabolic response to cancer drugs. PROCEDURES We performed ORI of human melanoma DB-1 cells in culture and DB-1 mouse xenografts to detect the redox response to lonidamine (LND) treatment. RESULTS For cultured cells, LND treatment for 45 min significantly lowered NADH levels with no significant change in Fp, resulting in a significant increase in the Fp redox ratio (Fp/(NADH+Fp)); 3-h prolonged treatment led to a decrease in NADH and an increase in Fp and a more oxidized redox state compared to control. Significant decrease in the mitochondrial redox capacity of LND-treated cells was observed for the first time. For xenografts, 45-min LND treatment resulted in a significant reduction of NADH content, no significant changes in Fp content, and a trend of increase in the Fp redox ratio. Intratumor redox heterogeneity was observed in both control and LND-treated groups. CONCLUSION Our results support the utility of ORI for evaluating cellular metabolism and monitoring early metabolic response to cancer drugs.
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Favreau PF, He J, Gil DA, Deming DA, Huisken J, Skala MC. Label-free redox imaging of patient-derived organoids using selective plane illumination microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2591-2606. [PMID: 32499946 PMCID: PMC7249841 DOI: 10.1364/boe.389164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput drug screening of patient-derived organoids offers an attractive platform to determine cancer treatment efficacy. Here, selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) was used to determine treatment response in organoids with endogenous fluorescence from the metabolic coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD. Rapid 3-D autofluorescence imaging of colorectal cancer organoids was achieved. A quantitative image analysis approach was developed to segment each organoid and quantify changes in endogenous fluorescence caused by treatment. Quantitative analysis of SPIM volumes confirmed the sensitivity of patient-derived organoids to standard therapies. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that SPIM is a powerful tool for high-throughput screening of organoid treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiaye He
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Saxony, Germany
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Daniel A. Gil
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Dustin A. Deming
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jan Huisken
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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Duran-Sierra E, Cheng S, Cuenca-Martinez R, Malik B, Maitland KC, Lisa Cheng YS, Wright J, Ahmed B, Ji J, Martinez M, Al-Khalil M, Al-Enazi H, Jo JA. Clinical label-free biochemical and metabolic fluorescence lifetime endoscopic imaging of precancerous and cancerous oral lesions. Oral Oncol 2020; 105:104635. [PMID: 32247986 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incomplete head and neck cancer resection occurs in up to 85% of cases, leading to increased odds of local recurrence and regional metastases; thus, image-guided surgical tools for accurate, in situ and fast detection of positive margins during head and neck cancer resection surgery are urgently needed. Oral epithelial dysplasia and cancer development is accompanied by morphological, biochemical, and metabolic tissue and cellular alterations that can modulate the autofluorescence properties of the oral epithelial tissue. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the hypothesis that autofluorescence biomarkers of oral precancer and cancer can be clinically imaged and quantified by means of multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) endoscopy. METHODS Multispectral autofluorescence lifetime images of precancerous and cancerous lesions from 39 patients were imaged in vivo using a novel multispectral FLIM endoscope and processed to generate widefield maps of biochemical and metabolic autofluorescence biomarkers of oral precancer and cancer. RESULTS Statistical analyses applied to the quantified multispectral FLIM endoscopy based autofluorescence biomarkers indicated their potential to provide contrast between precancerous/cancerous vs. healthy oral epithelial tissue. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first demonstration of label-free biochemical and metabolic clinical imaging of precancerous and cancerous oral lesions by means of widefield multispectral autofluorescence lifetime endoscopy. Future studies will focus on demonstrating the capabilities of endogenous multispectral FLIM endoscopy as an image-guided surgical tool for positive margin detection during head and neck cancer resection surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Duran-Sierra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shuna Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Cuenca-Martinez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bilal Malik
- QT Ultrasound Labs, 3 Hamilton Landing, Suite 160, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Kristen C Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - John Wright
- Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beena Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jim Ji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mathias Martinez
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Moustafa Al-Khalil
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hussain Al-Enazi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Javier A Jo
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
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Jones JD, Ramser HE, Woessner AE, Veves A, Quinn KP. Quantifying Age-Related Changes in Skin Wound Metabolism Using In Vivo Multiphoton Microscopy. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:90-102. [PMID: 31993251 PMCID: PMC6985773 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The elderly are at high risk for developing chronic skin wounds, but the effects of intrinsic aging on skin healing are difficult to isolate due to common comorbidities like diabetes. Our objective is to use multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to find endogenous, noninvasive biomarkers to differentiate changes in skin wound healing metabolism between young and aged mice in vivo. Approach: We utilized MPM to monitor skin metabolism at the edge of full-thickness, excisional wounds in 24- and 4-month-old mice of both sexes for 10 days. MPM can assess quantitative biomarkers of cellular metabolism in vivo by utilizing autofluorescence from the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Results: An optical redox ratio of FAD/(NADH+FAD) autofluorescence and NADH fluorescence lifetime imaging revealed dynamic changes in keratinocyte function during healing. Aged female mice demonstrated an attenuation of keratinocyte proliferation during wound healing detectable optically through a higher redox ratio and longer NADH fluorescence lifetime. By measuring the correlation between NADH lifetime and the optical redox ratio at each day, we also demonstrate sensitivity to the proliferative phase of wound healing. Innovation: Label-free MPM was used to longitudinally monitor individual wounds in vivo, which revealed age-dependent differences in wound metabolism. Conclusion: These results indicate in vivo MPM can provide quantitative biomarkers of age-related delays in healing, which can be used in the future to provide patient-specific wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake D. Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Hallie E. Ramser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Alan E. Woessner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Aristidis Veves
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyle P. Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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Sriram G, Sudhaharan T, Wright GD. Multiphoton Microscopy for Noninvasive and Label-Free Imaging of Human Skin and Oral Mucosa Equivalents. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2150:195-212. [PMID: 30941721 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2019_220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has emerged as a powerful modality for noninvasive, spatial, and temporal imaging of biological tissues without the use of labels and/or dyes. It provides complimentary imaging modalities, which include two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG). 2PEF from endogenous chromophores such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NADH), flavins and keratin enable visualization of cellular and subcellular structures. SHG provides visualization of asymmetric macromolecular structures such as collagen. These modalities enable the visualization of biochemical and biological alterations within live tissues in their native state.Organotypic cultures of the skin and oral mucosa equivalents have been increasingly used across basic and translational research. However, assessment of the skin and oral mucosa equivalents is predominantly based on histological techniques which are not suited for real-time imaging and longitudinal studies of the tissues in their native state. 2PEF from endogenous chromophores and SHG from collagen can be effectively used as an imaging tool for noninvasive and label-free acquisition of cellular and matrix structures of live skin and oral mucosa cultures.In this chapter, the methods for noninvasive and label-free imaging of monolayer and organotypic cultures of the skin and oral mucosa using multiphoton microscopy are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Thankiah Sudhaharan
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Graham D Wright
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Xu HN, Zhao H, Chellappa K, Davis JG, Nioka S, Baur JA, Li LZ. Optical Redox Imaging of Fixed Unstained Muscle Slides Reveals Useful Biological Information. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:417-425. [PMID: 30977079 PMCID: PMC6581512 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optical redox imaging (ORI) technique images cellular autofluorescence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp containing FAD, i.e., flavin adenine dinucleotide). ORI has found wide applications in the study of cellular energetics and metabolism and may potentially assist in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Fixed tissues have been reported to exhibit autofluorescence with similar spectral characteristics to those of NADH and Fp. However, few studies report on quantitative ORI of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) unstained tissue slides for disease biomarkers. We investigate whether ORI of FFPE unstained skeletal muscle slides may provide relevant quantitative biological information. PROCEDURES Living mouse muscle fibers and frozen and FFPE mouse muscle slides were subjected to ORI. Living mouse muscle fibers were imaged ex vivo before and after paraformaldehyde fixation. FFPE muscle slides of three mouse groups (young, mid-age, and muscle-specific overexpression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) transgenic mid-age) were imaged and compared to detect age-related redox differences. RESULTS We observed that living muscle fiber and frozen and FFPE slides all had strong autofluorescence signals in the NADH and Fp channels. Paraformaldehyde fixation resulted in a significant increase in the redox ratio Fp/(NADH + Fp) of muscle fibers. Quantitative image analysis on FFPE unstained slides showed that mid-age gastrocnemius muscles had stronger NADH and Fp signals than young muscles. Gastrocnemius muscles from mid-age Nampt mice had lower NADH compared to age-matched controls, but had higher Fp than young controls. Soleus muscles had the same trend of change and appeared to be more oxidative than gastrocnemius muscles. Differential NADH and Fp signals were found between gastrocnemius and soleus muscles within both mid-aged control and Nampt groups. CONCLUSION Aging effect on redox status quantified by ORI of FFPE unstained muscle slides was reported for the first time. Quantitative information from ORI of FFPE unstained slides may be useful for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- He N Xu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James G Davis
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shoko Nioka
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Z Li
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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26
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Silva SF, Domingues JP, Morgado AM. Can we use rapid lifetime determination for fast, fluorescence lifetime based, metabolic imaging? Precision and accuracy of double-exponential decay measurements with low total counts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216894. [PMID: 31086413 PMCID: PMC6516636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) can assess cell’s metabolism through the fluorescence of the co-enzymes NADH and FAD, which exhibit a double-exponential decay, with components related to free and protein-bound conditions. In vivo real time clinical imaging applications demand fast acquisition. As photodamage limits excitation power, this is best achieved using wide-field techniques, like time-gated FLIM, and algorithms that require few images to calculate the decay parameters. The rapid lifetime determination (RLD) algorithm requires only four images to analyze a double-exponential decay. Using computational simulations, we evaluated the accuracy and precision of RLD when measuring endogenous fluorescence lifetimes and metabolic free to protein-bound ratios, for total counts per pixel (TC) lower than 104. The simulations were based on a time-gated FLIM instrument, accounting for its instrument response function, gain and noise. While the optimal acquisition setting depends on the values being measured, the accuracy of the free to protein-bound ratio α2/α1 is stable for low gains and gate separations larger than 1000 ps, while its precision is almost constant for gate separations between 1500 and 2500 ps. For the gate separations and free to protein-bound ratios considered, the accuracy error can be as high as 30% and the precision error can reach 60%. Precision errors lower than 10% cannot be obtained. The best performance occurs for low camera gains and gate separations near 1800 ps. When considering the narrow physiological ranges for the free to protein-bound ratio, the precision errors can be confined to an interval between 10% and 20%. RLD is a valid option when for real time FLIM. The simulations and methodology presented here can be applied to any time-gated FLIM instrument and are useful to obtain the accuracy and precision limits for RLD in the demanding conditions of TC lower than 104.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Figueiredo Silva
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research/INCAS—Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Domingues
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research/INCAS—Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Miguel Morgado
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research/INCAS—Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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27
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Kolenc OI, Quinn KP. Evaluating Cell Metabolism Through Autofluorescence Imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:875-889. [PMID: 29268621 PMCID: PMC6352511 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical imaging using the endogenous fluorescence of metabolic cofactors has enabled nondestructive examination of dynamic changes in cell and tissue function both in vitro and in vivo. Quantifying NAD(P)H and FAD fluorescence through an optical redox ratio and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) provides sensitivity to the relative balance between oxidative phosphorylation and glucose catabolism. Since its introduction decades ago, the use of NAD(P)H imaging has expanded to include applications involving almost every major tissue type and a variety of pathologies. Recent Advances: This review focuses on the use of two-photon excited fluorescence and NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime techniques in cancer, neuroscience, tissue engineering, and other biomedical applications over the last 5 years. In a variety of cancer models, NAD(P)H fluorescence intensity and lifetime measurements demonstrate a sensitivity to the Warburg effect, suggesting potential for early detection or high-throughput drug screening. The sensitivity to the biosynthetic demands of stem cell differentiation and tissue repair processes indicates the range of applications for this imaging technology may be broad. CRITICAL ISSUES As the number of applications for these fluorescence imaging techniques expand, identifying and characterizing additional intrinsic fluorophores and chromophores present in vivo will be vital to accurately measure and interpret metabolic outcomes. Understanding the full capabilities and limitations of FLIM will also be key to future advances. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future work is needed to evaluate whether a combination of different biochemical and structural outcomes using these imaging techniques can provide complementary information regarding the utilization of specific metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia I Kolenc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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28
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Jones JD, Ramser HE, Woessner AE, Quinn KP. In vivo multiphoton microscopy detects longitudinal metabolic changes associated with delayed skin wound healing. Commun Biol 2018; 1:198. [PMID: 30480099 PMCID: PMC6242983 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are difficult to diagnose and characterize due to a lack of quantitative biomarkers. Label-free multiphoton microscopy has emerged as a useful imaging modality capable of quantifying changes in cellular metabolism using an optical redox ratio of FAD/(NADH+FAD) autofluorescence. However, the utility of an optical redox ratio for long-term in vivo monitoring of tissue metabolism has not been robustly evaluated. In this study, we demonstrate how multiphoton microscopy can be used to monitor changes in the metabolism of individual full-thickness skin wounds in vivo. 3D optical redox ratio maps and NADH fluorescence lifetime images identify differences between diabetic and control mice during the re-epithelialization of wounds. These metabolic changes are associated with a transient increase in keratinocyte proliferation at the wound edge. Our study demonstrates that high-resolution, non-invasive autofluorescence imaging can be performed in vivo and that optical redox ratios can serve as quantitative optical biomarkers of impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake D Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 123 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Hallie E Ramser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 123 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Alan E Woessner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 123 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 123 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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29
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Lukina MM, Dudenkova VV, Shimolina LE, Snopova LB, Zagaynova EV, Shirmanova MV. In vivo metabolic and SHG imaging for monitoring of tumor response to chemotherapy. Cytometry A 2018; 95:47-55. [PMID: 30329217 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy remains one of the main types of treatment for cancer, treatment failure is a frequent occurrence, emphasizing the need for new approaches to the early assessment of tumor response. The aim of this study was to search for indicators based on optical imaging of cellular metabolism and of collagen in tumors in vivo that enable evaluation of their response to chemotherapy. The study was performed on a mouse colorectal cancer model with the use of cisplatin, paclitaxel, and irinotecan. The metabolic activity of the tumor cells was assessed using fluorescence lifetime imaging of the metabolic cofactor reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), NAD(P)H. Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging was used to analyze the extent and properties of collagen within the tumors. We detected an early decrease in the free/bound NAD(P)H ratio in all treated tumors, indicating a shift toward a more oxidative metabolism. Monitoring of collagen showed an early increase in the amount of collagen followed by an increase in the extent of its orientation in tumors treated with cisplatin and paclitaxel, and decrease in collagen content in the case of irinotecan. Our study suggests that changes in cellular metabolism and fibrotic stroma organization precede morphological alterations and tumor size reduction, and that this indicates that NAD(P)H and collagen can be considered as intrinsic indicators of the response to treatment. This is the first time that these parameters have been investigated in tumors in vivo in the course of chemotherapy with drugs having different mechanisms of action. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Lukina
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Varvara V Dudenkova
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Lyubov' E Shimolina
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ludmila B Snopova
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena V Zagaynova
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Marina V Shirmanova
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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30
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Zhu C, Martin HL, Crouch BT, Martinez AF, Li M, Palmer GM, Dewhirst MW, Ramanujam N. Near-simultaneous quantification of glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, and vascular parameters in murine flank tumors using quantitative diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3399-3412. [PMID: 29984105 PMCID: PMC6033552 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The shifting metabolic landscape of aggressive tumors, with fluctuating oxygenation conditions and temporal changes in glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, is a critical phenomenon to study in order to understand negative treatment outcomes. Recently, we have demonstrated near-simultaneous optical imaging of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and glucose uptake in non-tumor window chambers, using the fluorescent probes tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) and 2-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG). Here, we demonstrate a complementary technique to perform near-simultaneous in vivo optical spectroscopy of tissue vascular parameters, glucose uptake, and MMP in a solid tumor model that is most often used for therapeutic studies. Our study demonstrates the potential of optical spectroscopy as an effective tool to quantify the vascular and metabolic characteristics of a tumor, which is an important step towards understanding the mechanisms underlying cancer progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Hannah L. Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brian T. Crouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Amy F. Martinez
- Currently with Office of Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Martin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gregory M. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark W. Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nimmi Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Danylovych HV. Evaluation of functioning of mitochondrial electron transport chain with NADH and FAD autofluorescence. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2018; 88:31-43. [PMID: 29227076 DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We prove the feasibility of evaluation of mitochondrial electron transport chain function in isolated
mitochondria of smooth muscle cells of rats from uterus using fluorescence of NADH and FAD coenzymes.
We found the inversely directed changes in FAD and NADH fluorescence intensity under normal functioning
of mitochondrial electron transport chain. The targeted effect of inhibitors of complex I, III and IV changed
fluorescence of adenine nucleotides. Rotenone (5 μM) induced rapid increase in NADH fluorescence due
to inhibition of complex I, without changing in dynamics of FAD fluorescence increase. Antimycin A, a
complex III inhibitor, in concentration of 1 μg/ml caused sharp increase in NADH fluorescence and moderate
increase in FAD fluorescence in comparison to control. NaN3 (5 mM), a complex IV inhibitor, and CCCP
(10 μM), a protonophore, caused decrease in NADH and FAD fluorescence. Moreover, all the inhibitors
caused mitochondria swelling. NO donors, e.g. 0.1 mM sodium nitroprusside and sodium nitrite similarly
to the effects of sodium azide. Energy-dependent Ca2+ accumulation in mitochondrial matrix (in presence
of oxidation substrates and Mg-ATP2- complex) is associated with pronounced drop in NADH and FAD
fluorescence followed by increased fluorescence of adenine nucleotides, which may be primarily due to Ca2+-
dependent activation of dehydrogenases of citric acid cycle. Therefore, the fluorescent signal of FAD and
NADH indicates changes in oxidation state of these nucleotides in isolated mitochondria, which may be used
to assay the potential of effectors of electron transport chain.
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Chemotherapy with cisplatin: insights into intracellular pH and metabolic landscape of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8911. [PMID: 28827680 PMCID: PMC5566551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cisplatin plays a central role in cancer chemotherapy, the mechanisms of cell response to this drug have been unexplored. The present study demonstrates the relationships between the intracellular pH (pHi), cell bioenergetics and the response of cervical cancer to cisplatin. pHi was measured using genetically encoded sensor SypHer2 and metabolic state was accessed by fluorescence intensities and lifetimes of endogenous cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD. Our data support the notion that cisplatin induces acidification of the cytoplasm early after the treatment. We revealed in vitro that a capacity of cells to recover and maintain alkaline pHi after the initial acidification is the crucial factor in mediating the cellular decision to survive and proliferate at a vastly reduced rate or to undergo cell death. Additionally, we showed for the first time that pHi acidification occurs after prolonged therapy in vitro and in vivo, and this, likely, favors metabolic reorganization of cells. A metabolic shift from glycolysis towards oxidative metabolism accompanied the cisplatin-induced inhibition of cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these findings contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the responsiveness of an individual cell and tumor to therapy and are valuable for developing new therapeutic strategies.
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33
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Druzhkova IN, Shirmanova MV, Lukina MM, Dudenkova VV, Mishina NM, Zagaynova EV. The metabolic interaction of cancer cells and fibroblasts - coupling between NAD(P)H and FAD, intracellular pH and hydrogen peroxide. Cell Cycle 2017; 15:1257-66. [PMID: 26986068 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1160974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the cellular energy metabolism is a principal feature of tumors. An important role in modifying cancer cell metabolism belongs to the cancer-associated fibroblasts. However, the regulation of their interaction has been poorly studied to date. In this study we monitored the metabolic status of both cell types by using the optical redox ratio and the fluorescence lifetimes of the metabolic co-factors NAD(P)H and FAD, in addition to the intracellular pH and the hydrogen peroxide levels in the cancer cells, using genetically encoded sensors. In the co-culture of human cervical carcinoma cells HeLa and human fibroblasts we observed a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation toward glycolysis in cancer cells, and from glycolysis toward OXPHOS in fibroblasts, starting from Day 2 of co-culturing. The metabolic switch was accompanied by hydrogen peroxide production and slight acidification of the cytosol in the cancer cells in comparison with that of the corresponding monoculture. Therefore, our HeLa-huFb system demonstrated metabolic behavior similar to Warburg type tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first time that these 3 parameters have been investigated together in a model of tumor-stroma co-evolution. We propose that determination of the start-point of the metabolic alterations and understanding of the mechanisms of their realization can open a new ways for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina V Shirmanova
- a Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia.,b Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia
| | - Maria M Lukina
- a Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia.,b Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia
| | - Varvara V Dudenkova
- a Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia.,b Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia
| | - Nataliya M Mishina
- a Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia.,c Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS , Moscow , Russia
| | - Elena V Zagaynova
- a Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia.,b Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia
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Alhallak K, Jenkins SV, Lee DE, Greene NP, Quinn KP, Griffin RJ, Dings RPM, Rajaram N. Optical imaging of radiation-induced metabolic changes in radiation-sensitive and resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:60502. [PMID: 28622395 PMCID: PMC5499259 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.6.060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Radiation resistance remains a significant problem for cancer patients, especially due to the time required to definitively determine treatment outcome. For fractionated radiation therapy, nearly 7 to 8 weeks can elapse before a tumor is deemed to be radiation-resistant. We used the optical redox ratio of FAD / ( FAD + NADH ) to identify early metabolic changes in radiation-resistant lung cancer cells. These radiation-resistant human A549 lung cancer cells were developed by exposing the parental A549 cells to repeated doses of radiation (2 Gy). Although there were no significant differences in the optical redox ratio between the parental and resistant cell lines prior to radiation, there was a significant decrease in the optical redox ratio of the radiation-resistant cells 24 h after a single radiation exposure ( p = 0.01 ). This change in the redox ratio was indicative of increased catabolism of glucose in the resistant cells after radiation and was associated with significantly greater protein content of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 ( HIF - 1 ? ), a key promoter of glycolytic metabolism. Our results demonstrate that the optical redox ratio could provide a rapid method of determining radiation resistance status based on early metabolic changes in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinan Alhallak
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Samir V. Jenkins
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - David E. Lee
- University of Arkansas, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Nicholas P. Greene
- University of Arkansas, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Kyle P. Quinn
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Ruud P. M. Dings
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Ruud P. M. Dings, E-mail: ; Narasimhan Rajaram, E-mail:
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Ruud P. M. Dings, E-mail: ; Narasimhan Rajaram, E-mail:
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35
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Cannon TM, Shah AT, Skala MC. Autofluorescence imaging captures heterogeneous drug response differences between 2D and 3D breast cancer cultures. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1911-1925. [PMID: 28663873 PMCID: PMC5480588 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy of cellular autofluorescence intensity and lifetime (optical metabolic imaging, or OMI) is a promising tool for preclinical drug development. OMI, which exploits the endogenous fluorescence from the metabolic coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD, is sensitive to changes in cell metabolism produced by drug treatment. Previous studies have shown that drug response, genetic expression, cell-cell communication, and cell signaling in 3D culture match those of the original in vivo tumor, but not those of 2D culture. The goal of this study is to use OMI to quantify dynamic cell-level metabolic differences in drug response in 2D cell lines vs. 3D organoids generated from xenograft tumors of the same cell origin. BT474 cells and Herceptin-resistant BT474 (HR6) cells were tested. Cells were treated with vehicle control, Herceptin, XL147 (PI3K inhibitor), and the combination. The OMI index was used to quantify response, and is a linear combination of the redox ratio (intensity of NAD(P)H divided by FAD), mean NADH lifetime, and mean FAD lifetime. The results confirm that the OMI index resolves significant differences (p<0.05) in drug response for 2D vs. 3D cultures, specifically for BT474 cells 24 hours after Herceptin treatment, for HR6 cells 24 and 72 hours after combination treatment, and for HR6 cells 72 hours after XL147 treatment. Cell-level analysis of the OMI index also reveals differences in the number of cell sub-populations in 2D vs. 3D culture at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-treatment in control and treated groups. Finally, significant increases (p<0.05) in the mean lifetime of NADH and FAD were measured in 2D vs. 3D for both cell lines at 72 hours post-treatment in control and all treatment groups. These whole-population differences in the mean NADH and FAD lifetimes are supported by differences in the number of cell sub-populations in 2D vs. 3D. Overall, these studies confirm that OMI is sensitive to differences in drug response in 2D vs. 3D, and provides further information on dynamic changes in the relative abundance of metabolic cell sub-populations that contribute to this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Cannon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B, Box 1631, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - A. T. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B, Box 1631, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - M. C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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36
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Egnatchik RA, Brittain EL, Shah AT, Fares WH, Ford HJ, Monahan K, Kang CJ, Kocurek EG, Zhu S, Luong T, Nguyen TT, Hysinger E, Austin ED, Skala MC, Young JD, Roberts LJ, Hemnes AR, West J, Fessel JP. Dysfunctional BMPR2 signaling drives an abnormal endothelial requirement for glutamine in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2017; 7:186-199. [PMID: 28680578 PMCID: PMC5448547 DOI: 10.1086/690236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease driven by alteration in the normal functioning of multiple metabolic pathways affecting all of the major carbon substrates, including amino acids. We found that human pulmonary hypertension patients (WHO Group I, PAH) exhibit systemic and pulmonary-specific alterations in glutamine metabolism, with the diseased pulmonary vasculature taking up significantly more glutamine than that of controls. Using cell culture models and transgenic mice expressing PAH-causing BMPR2 mutations, we found that the pulmonary endothelium in PAH shunts significantly more glutamine carbon into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle than wild-type endothelium. Increased glutamine metabolism through the TCA cycle is required by the endothelium in PAH to survive, to sustain normal energetics, and to manifest the hyperproliferative phenotype characteristic of disease. The strict requirement for glutamine is driven by loss of sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) activity through covalent modification by reactive products of lipid peroxidation. Using 2-hydroxybenzylamine, a scavenger of reactive lipid peroxidation products, we were able to preserve SIRT3 function, to normalize glutamine metabolism, and to prevent the development of PAH in BMPR2 mutant mice. In PAH, targeting glutamine metabolism and the mechanisms that underlie glutamine-driven metabolic reprogramming represent a viable novel avenue for the development of potentially disease-modifying therapeutics that could be rapidly translated to human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Egnatchik
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evan L Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy T Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wassim H Fares
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H James Ford
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ken Monahan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christie J Kang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily G Kocurek
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shijun Zhu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thong Luong
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thuy T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erik Hysinger
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric D Austin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L Jackson Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua P Fessel
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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37
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Abstract
Head and neck cancer patients suffer from toxicities, morbidities, and mortalities, and these ailments could be minimized through improved therapies. Drug discovery is a long, expensive, and complex process, so optimized assays can improve the success rate of drug candidates. This study applies optical imaging of cell metabolism to three-dimensional in vitro cultures of head and neck cancer grown from primary tumor tissue (organoids). This technique is advantageous because it measures cell metabolism using intrinsic fluorescence from NAD(P)H and FAD on a single cell level for a three-dimensional in vitro model. Head and neck cancer organoids are characterized alone and after treatment with standard therapies, including an antibody therapy, a chemotherapy, and combination therapy. Additionally, organoid cellular heterogeneity is analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Gold standard measures of treatment response, including cell proliferation, cell death, and in vivo tumor volume, validate therapeutic efficacy for each treatment group in a parallel study. Results indicate that optical metabolic imaging is sensitive to therapeutic response in organoids after 1 day of treatment (p<0.05) and resolves cell subpopulations with distinct metabolic phenotypes. Ultimately, this platform could provide a sensitive high-throughput assay to streamline the drug discovery process for head and neck cancer.
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38
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Alhallak K, Rebello LG, Muldoon TJ, Quinn KP, Rajaram N. Optical redox ratio identifies metastatic potential-dependent changes in breast cancer cell metabolism. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4364-4374. [PMID: 27895979 PMCID: PMC5119579 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of prognostic indicators of breast cancer metastatic risk could reduce the number of patients receiving chemotherapy for tumors with low metastatic potential. Recent evidence points to a critical role for cell metabolism in driving breast cancer metastasis. Endogenous fluorescence intensity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) can provide a label-free method for assessing cell metabolism. We report the optical redox ratio of FAD/(FAD + NADH) of four isogenic triple-negative breast cancer cell lines with varying metastatic potential. Under normoxic conditions, the redox ratio increases with increasing metastatic potential (168FARN>4T07>4T1), indicating a shift to more oxidative metabolism in cells capable of metastasis. Reoxygenation following acute hypoxia increased the redox ratio by 43 ± 9% and 33 ± 4% in the 4T1 and 4T07 cells, respectively; in contrast, the redox ratio decreased 14 ± 7% in the non-metastatic 67NR cell line. These results demonstrate that the optical redox ratio is sensitive to the metabolic adaptability of breast cancer cells with high metastatic potential and could potentially be used to measure dynamic functional changes that are indicative of invasive or metastatic potential.
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39
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Shah AT, Diggins KE, Walsh AJ, Irish JM, Skala MC. In Vivo Autofluorescence Imaging of Tumor Heterogeneity in Response to Treatment. Neoplasia 2016; 17:862-870. [PMID: 26696368 PMCID: PMC4688562 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subpopulations of cells that escape anti-cancer treatment can cause relapse in cancer patients. Therefore, measurements of cellular-level tumor heterogeneity could enable improved anti-cancer treatment regimens. Cancer exhibits altered cellular metabolism, which affects the autofluorescence of metabolic cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD. The optical redox ratio (fluorescence intensity of NAD(P)H divided by FAD) reflects global cellular metabolism. The fluorescence lifetime (amount of time a fluorophore is in the excited state) is sensitive to microenvironment, particularly protein-binding. High-resolution imaging of the optical redox ratio and fluorescence lifetimes of NAD(P)H and FAD (optical metabolic imaging) enables single-cell analyses. In this study, mice with FaDu tumors were treated with the antibody therapy cetuximab or the chemotherapy cisplatin and imaged in vivo two days after treatment. Results indicate that fluorescence lifetimes of NAD(P)H and FAD are sensitive to early response (two days post-treatment, P < .05), compared with decreases in tumor size (nine days post-treatment, P < .05). Frequency histogram analysis of individual optical metabolic imaging parameters identifies subpopulations of cells, and a new heterogeneity index enables quantitative comparisons of cellular heterogeneity across treatment groups for individual variables. Additionally, a dimensionality reduction technique (viSNE) enables holistic visualization of multivariate optical measures of cellular heterogeneity. These analyses indicate increased heterogeneity in the cetuximab and cisplatin treatment groups compared with the control group. Overall, the combination of optical metabolic imaging and cellular-level analyses provide novel, quantitative insights into tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy T Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B, Box 1631, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Kirsten E Diggins
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alex J Walsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B, Box 1631, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B, Box 1631, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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40
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Malik BH, Lee J, Cheng S, Cuenca R, Jabbour JM, Cheng YSL, Wright JM, Ahmed B, Maitland KC, Jo JA. Objective Detection of Oral Carcinoma with Multispectral Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging In Vivo. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:694-701. [PMID: 27499123 DOI: 10.1111/php.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Successful early detection and demarcation of oral carcinoma can greatly impact the associated morbidity and mortality rates. Current methods for detection of oral cancer include comprehensive visual examination of the oral cavity, typically followed by tissue biopsy. A noninvasive means to guide the clinician in making a more objective and informed decision toward tissue biopsy can potentially improve the diagnostic yield of this process. To this end, we investigate the potential of fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) for objective detection of oral carcinoma in the hamster cheek pouch model of oral carcinogenesis in vivo. We report that systematically selected FLIM features can differentiate between low-risk (normal, benign and low-grade dysplasia) and high-risk (high-grade dysplasia and cancer) oral lesions with sensitivity and specificity of 87.26% and 93.96%, respectively. We also show the ability of FLIM to generate "disease" maps of the tissue which can be used to evaluate relative risk of neoplasia. The results demonstrate the potential of multispectral FLIM with objective image analysis as a noninvasive tool to guide comprehensive oral examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal H Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. .,QT Ultrasound Labs, Novato, CA.
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Shuna Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Rodrigo Cuenca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Joey M Jabbour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Yi-Shing Lisa Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center - Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
| | - John M Wright
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center - Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
| | - Beena Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kristen C Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Javier A Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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41
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Yue S, Cheng JX. Deciphering single cell metabolism by coherent Raman scattering microscopy. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 33:46-57. [PMID: 27288951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is highly dynamic and intrinsically heterogeneous at the cellular level. Although fluorescence microscopy has been commonly used for single cell analysis, bulky fluorescent probes often perturb the biological activities of small biomolecules such as metabolites. Such challenge can be overcome by a vibrational imaging technique known as coherent Raman scattering microscopy, which is capable of chemically selective, highly sensitive, and high-speed imaging of biomolecules with submicron resolution. Such capability has enabled quantitative assessments of metabolic activities of biomolecules (e.g. lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) in single live cells in vitro and in vivo. These investigations provide new insights into the role of cell metabolism in maintenance of homeostasis and pathogenesis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Yue
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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42
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Simioni C, Cani A, Martelli AM, Zauli G, Alameen AAM, Ultimo S, Tabellini G, McCubrey JA, Capitani S, Neri LM. The novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BGT226 displays cytotoxic activity in both normoxic and hypoxic hepatocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17147-60. [PMID: 26003166 PMCID: PMC4627298 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common lethal human malignancies worldwide and its advanced status is frequently resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents and radiation. We evaluated the cytotoxic effect of the orally bioavailable dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, NVP-BGT226, on a panel of HCC cell lines, since hyperactivated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway could represent a biomolecular target for Small Inhibitor Molecules in this neoplasia. We analyzed the drug activity in both normoxia and hypoxia conditions, the latter playing often a relevant role in the induction of chemoresistance and angiogenesis.In normoxia NVP-BGT226 caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, induced apoptosis and autophagy at low concentrations. Interestingly the drug inactivated p-Akt and p-S6 at < 10 nM concentration.In hypoxia NVP-BGT226 maintained its cytotoxic efficacy at the same concentration as documented by MTT assays and Western blot analysis. Moreover, the drug showed in hypoxia inhibitory properties against angiogenesis by lowering the expression of the transcription factor HIF-1α and of VEGF.Our results indicate that NVP-BGT226 has a potent cytotoxic effect on HCC cell lines also in hypoxia condition, thus emerging as a potential candidate for cancer treatment in HCC targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Simioni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alice Cani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Ayman A M Alameen
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Simona Ultimo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tabellini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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43
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Sengupta D, Pratx G. Imaging metabolic heterogeneity in cancer. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:4. [PMID: 26739333 PMCID: PMC4704434 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As our knowledge of cancer metabolism has increased, it has become apparent that cancer metabolic processes are extremely heterogeneous. The reasons behind this heterogeneity include genetic diversity, the existence of multiple and redundant metabolic pathways, altered microenvironmental conditions, and so on. As a result, methods in the clinic and beyond have been developed in order to image and study tumor metabolism in the in vivo and in vitro regimes. Both regimes provide unique advantages and challenges, and may be used to provide a picture of tumor metabolic heterogeneity that is spatially and temporally comprehensive. Taken together, these methods may hold the key to appropriate cancer diagnoses and treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanti Sengupta
- Stanford University School of Medicine, A226 Building A, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Guillem Pratx
- Stanford University School of Medicine, A226 Building A, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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44
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Abstract
The ability to identify key biomolecules and molecular changes associated with cancer malignancy and the capacity to monitor the therapeutic outcome against these targets is critically important for cancer treatment. Recent developments in molecular imaging based on magnetic resonance (MR) techniques have provided researchers and clinicians with new tools to improve most facets of cancer care. Molecular imaging is broadly described as imaging techniques used to detect molecular signature at the cellular and gene expression levels. This article reviews both established and emerging molecular MR techniques in oncology and discusses the potential of these techniques in improving the clinical cancer care. It also discusses how molecular MR, in conjunction with other structural and functional MR imaging techniques, paves the way for developing tailored treatment strategies to enhance cancer care.
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Gurushankar K, Nazeer SS, Jayasree RS, Krishnakumar N. Evaluation of Antitumor Activity of Hesperetin-Loaded Nanoparticles Against DMBA-Induced Oral Carcinogenesis Based on Tissue Autofluorescence Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:931-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Tung JC, Barnes JM, Desai SR, Sistrunk C, Conklin MW, Schedin P, Eliceiri KW, Keely PJ, Seewaldt VL, Weaver VM. Tumor mechanics and metabolic dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:269-80. [PMID: 25532934 PMCID: PMC4339308 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Desmosplasia is a characteristic of most solid tumors and leads to fibrosis through abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, remodeling, and posttranslational modifications. The resulting stiff tumor stroma not only compromises vascular integrity to induce hypoxia and impede drug delivery, but also promotes aggressiveness by potentiating the activity of key growth, invasion, and survival pathways. Intriguingly, many of the protumorigenic signaling pathways that are mechanically activated by ECM stiffness also promote glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis, and an altered metabolism is a recognized hallmark of cancer. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alterations and an abnormal ECM may cooperatively drive cancer cell aggression and treatment resistance. Accordingly, improved methods to monitor tissue mechanics and metabolism promise to improve diagnostics and treatments to ameliorate ECM stiffening and elevated mechanosignaling may improve patient outcome. Here we discuss the interplay between ECM mechanics and metabolism in tumor biology and suggest that monitoring these processes and targeting their regulatory pathways may improve diagnostics, therapy, and the prevention of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Tung
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - J Matthew Barnes
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew W Conklin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Patricia J Keely
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Walsh AJ, Shah AT, Sharick JT, Skala MC. Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements of NAD(P)H in Live Cells and Tissue. SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14929-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Thomas G, van Voskuilen J, Gerritsen HC, Sterenborg HJCM. Advances and challenges in label-free nonlinear optical imaging using two-photon excitation fluorescence and second harmonic generation for cancer research. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 141:128-38. [PMID: 25463660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical imaging (NLOI) has emerged to be a promising tool for bio-medical imaging in recent times. Among the various applications of NLOI, its utility is the most significant in the field of pre-clinical and clinical cancer research. This review begins by briefly covering the core principles involved in NLOI, such as two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG). Subsequently, there is a short description on the various cellular components that contribute to endogenous optical fluorescence. Later on the review deals with its main theme--the challenges faced during label-free NLO imaging in translational cancer research. While this review addresses the accomplishment of various label-free NLOI based studies in cancer diagnostics, it also touches upon the limitations of the mentioned studies. In addition, areas in cancer research that need to be further investigated by label-free NLOI are discussed in a latter segment. The review eventually concludes on the note that label-free NLOI has and will continue to contribute richly in translational cancer research, to eventually provide a very reliable, yet minimally invasive cancer diagnostic tool for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giju Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Centre, Post Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Johan van Voskuilen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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