1
|
Liu G, Liang J, Li W, Jiang S, Song M, Xu S, Du Q, Wang L, Wang X, Liu X, Tang L, Yang Z, Zhou M, Meng H, Zhang L, Yang Y, Zhang B. The protective effect of erythropoietin and its novel derived peptides in peripheral nerve injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112452. [PMID: 38943972 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury seriously endangers human life and health, but there is no clinical drug for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, so it is imperative to develop drugs to promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Erythropoietin (EPO) not only has the traditional role of promoting erythropoiesis, but also has a tissue-protective effect. Over the past few decades, researchers have confirmed that EPO has neuroprotective effects. However, side effects caused by long-term use of EPO limited its clinical application. Therefore, EPO derivatives with low side effects have been explored. Among them, ARA290 has shown significant protective effects on the nervous system, but the biggest disadvantage of ARA290, its short half-life, limits its application. To address the short half-life issue, the researchers modified ARA290 with thioether cyclization to generate a thioether cyclized helical B peptide (CHBP). ARA290 and CHBP have promising applications as peptide drugs. The neuroprotective effects they exhibit have attracted continuous exploration of their mechanisms of action. This article will review the research on the role of EPO, ARA290 and CHBP in the nervous system around this developmental process, and provide a certain reference for the subsequent research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixian Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Suli Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Meiying Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Qiaochu Du
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Zijie Yang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Haining Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Preston FG, Riley DR, Azmi S, Alam U. Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Practical Guidance and Challenges for Clinical Management. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1595-1612. [PMID: 37288250 PMCID: PMC10243347 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s370050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) is present in nearly a quarter of people with diabetes. It is estimated to affect over 100 million people worldwide. PDPN is associated with impaired daily functioning, depression, sleep disturbance, financial instability, and a decreased quality of life. Despite its high prevalence and significant health burden, it remains an underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. PDPN is a complex pain phenomenon with the experience of pain associated with and exacerbated by poor sleep and low mood. A holistic approach to patient-centred care alongside the pharmacological therapy is required to maximise benefit. A key treatment challenge is managing patient expectation, as a good outcome from treatment is defined as a reduction in pain of 30-50%, with a complete pain-free outcome being rare. The future for the treatment of PDPN holds promise, despite a 20-year void in the licensing of new analgesic agents for neuropathic pain. There are over 50 new molecular entities reaching clinical development and several demonstrating benefit in early-stage clinical trials. We review the current approaches to its diagnosis, the tools, and questionnaires available to clinicians, international guidance on PDPN management, and existing pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options. We synthesise evidence and the guidance from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology, American Academy of Neurology, American Diabetes Association, Diabetes Canada, German Diabetes Association, and the International Diabetes Federation into a practical guide to the treatment of PDPN and highlight the need for future research into mechanistic-based treatments in order to prioritise the development of personalised medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank G Preston
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences and the Pain Research Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David R Riley
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences and the Pain Research Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shazli Azmi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Manchester and Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Uazman Alam
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences and the Pain Research Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu G, Zou T, Deng L, Yang G, Guo T, Wang Y, Niu C, Cheng Q, Yang X, Dong J, Zhang J. Nonerythropoietic Erythropoietin Mimetic Peptide ARA290 Ameliorates Chronic Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behavior and Inflammation in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896601. [PMID: 36046815 PMCID: PMC9421426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder. But the treatment of depression remains challenging. Anti-inflammatory treatments frequently produce antidepressant effects. EPO-derived helix-B peptide ARA290 has been reported to retain the anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective functions of EPO without erythropoiesis-stimulating effects. The effects of ARA290 on MDD remain elusive. This study established chronic unpredictable mild stress and chronic social defeat stress mouse models. Daily administration of ARA290 during chronic stress induction in two mouse models ameliorated depression-like behavior, similar to fluoxetine. With marginal effects on peripheral blood hemoglobin and red cells, ARA290 and fluoxetine reversed chronic stress-induced increased frequencies and/or numbers of CD11b+Ly6Ghi neutrophils and CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes in the bone marrow and meninges. Furthermore, both drugs reversed chronic stress-induced microglia activation. Thus, ARA290 ameliorated chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior in mice through, at least partially, its anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Xu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijiao Deng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Niu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiqin Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiyan Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Onaizi MA, Thériault P, Lecordier S, Prefontaine P, Rivest S, ElAli A. Early monocyte modulation by the non-erythropoietic peptide ARA 290 decelerates AD-like pathology progression. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:363-382. [PMID: 34343617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau hyper-phosphorylation, accompanied by a progressive cognitive decline. Monocytes have been recently shown to play a major role in modulating Aβ pathology, and thereby have been pointed as potential therapeutic targets. However, the main challenge remains in identifying clinically relevant interventions that could modulate monocyte immune functions in absence of undesired off-target effects. Erythropoietin (EPO), a key regulator of erythrocyte production, has been shown to possess immunomodulatory potential and to provide beneficial effects in preclinical models of AD. However, the transition to use recombinant human EPO in clinical trials was hindered by unwanted erythropoietic effects that could lead to thrombosis. Here, we used a recently identified non-erythropoietic analogue of EPO, ARA 290, to evaluate its therapeutic potential in AD therapy. We first evaluated the effects of early systemic ARA 290 administration on AD-like pathology in an early-onset model, represented by young APP/PS1 mice. Our findings indicate that ARA 290 early treatment decelerated Aβ pathology progression in APP/PS1 mice while improving cognitive functions. ARA 290 potently increased the levels of total monocytes by specifically stimulating the generation of Ly6CLow patrolling subset, which are implicated in clearing Aβ from the cerebral vasculature, and subsequently reducing overall Aβ burden in the brain. Moreover, ARA 290 increased the levels of monocyte progenitors in the bone marrow. Using chimeric APP/PS1 mice in which Ly6CLow patrolling subset are selectively depleted, ARA 290 was inefficient in attenuating Aβ pathology and ameliorating cognitive functions in young animals. Interestingly, ARA 290 effects were compromised when delivered in a late-onset model, represented by aged APP1/PS1. In aged APP/PS1 mice in which AD-like pathology is at advanced stages, ARA 290 failed to reverse Aβ pathology and to increase the levels of circulating monocytes. Our study suggests that ARA 290 early systemic treatment could prevent AD-like progression via modulation of monocyte functions by specifically increasing the ratio of patrolling monocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Al-Onaizi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Thériault
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Prefontaine
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Rivest
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sloan G, Alam U, Selvarajah D, Tesfaye S. The Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e070721194556. [PMID: 34238163 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210707112413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (painful-DPN) is a highly prevalent and disabling condition, affecting up to one-third of patients with diabetes. This condition can have a profound impact resulting in a poor quality of life, disruption of employment, impaired sleep, and poor mental health with an excess of depression and anxiety. The management of painful-DPN poses a great challenge. Unfortunately, currently there are no Food and Drug Administration (USA) approved disease-modifying treatments for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) as trials of putative pathogenetic treatments have failed at phase 3 clinical trial stage. Therefore, the focus of managing painful- DPN other than improving glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factor modification is treating symptoms. The recommended treatments based on expert international consensus for painful- DPN have remained essentially unchanged for the last decade. Both the serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SNRI) duloxetine and α2δ ligand pregabalin have the most robust evidence for treating painful-DPN. The weak opioids (e.g. tapentadol and tramadol, both of which have an SNRI effect), tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and α2δ ligand gabapentin are also widely recommended and prescribed agents. Opioids (except tramadol and tapentadol), should be prescribed with caution in view of the lack of definitive data surrounding efficacy, concerns surrounding addiction and adverse events. Recently, emerging therapies have gained local licenses, including the α2δ ligand mirogabalin (Japan) and the high dose 8% capsaicin patch (FDA and Europe). The management of refractory painful-DPN is difficult; specialist pain services may offer off-label therapies (e.g. botulinum toxin, intravenous lidocaine and spinal cord stimulation), although there is limited clinical trial evidence supporting their use. Additionally, despite combination therapy being commonly used clinically, there is little evidence supporting this practise. There is a need for further clinical trials to assess novel therapeutic agents, optimal combination therapy and existing agents to determine which are the most effective for the treatment of painful-DPN. This article reviews the evidence for the treatment of painful-DPN, including emerging treatment strategies such as novel compounds and stratification of patients according to individual characteristics (e.g. pain phenotype, neuroimaging and genotype) to improve treatment responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Sloan
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Uazman Alam
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and the Pain Research Institute, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, and Liverpool University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dinesh Selvarajah
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Solomon Tesfaye
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaur D, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Badavath VN, Ul Hassan SS, Hasan MM, Bhatia S, Al-Harassi A, Khan H, Bungau S. Unravelling the potential neuroprotective facets of erythropoietin for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1-16. [PMID: 34436747 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last three decades, recombinant DNA technology has produced a wide range of hematopoietic and neurotrophic growth factors, including erythropoietin (EPO), which has emerged as a promising protein drug in the treatment of several diseases. Cumulative studies have recently indicated the neuroprotective role of EPO in preclinical models of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative illnesses in the elderly, characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-ß (Aß) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which serve as the disease's two hallmarks. Unfortunately, AD lacks a successful treatment strategy due to its multifaceted and complex pathology. Various clinical studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have been conducted to identify the various mechanisms by which erythropoietin exerts its neuroprotective effects. The results of clinical trials in patients with AD are also promising. Herein, it is summarized and reviews all such studies demonstrating erythropoietin's potential therapeutic benefits as a pleiotropic neuroprotective agent in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | | | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harassi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Non-Erythropoietic EPO Analogue Cibinetide Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro and Increases Bone Mineral Density in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010055. [PMID: 35008482 PMCID: PMC8744753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The two erythropoietin (EPO) receptor forms mediate different cellular responses to erythropoietin. While hematopoiesis is mediated via the homodimeric EPO receptor (EPOR), tissue protection is conferred via a heteromer composed of EPOR and CD131. In the skeletal system, EPO stimulates osteoclast precursors and induces bone loss. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we evaluated the role of the heteromeric complex in bone metabolism in vivo and in vitro by using Cibinetide (CIB), a non-erythropoietic EPO analogue that exclusively binds the heteromeric receptor. CIB is administered either alone or in combination with EPO. One month of CIB treatment significantly increased the cortical (~5.8%) and trabecular (~5.2%) bone mineral density in C57BL/6J WT female mice. Similarly, administration of CIB for five consecutive days to female mice that concurrently received EPO on days one and four, reduced the number of osteoclast progenitors, defined by flow cytometry as Lin−CD11b−Ly6Chi CD115+, by 42.8% compared to treatment with EPO alone. In addition, CIB alone or in combination with EPO inhibited osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Our findings introduce CIB either as a stand-alone treatment, or in combination with EPO, as an appealing candidate for the treatment of the bone loss that accompanies EPO treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Eswarappa M, Cantarelli C, Cravedi P. Erythropoietin in Lupus: Unanticipated Immune Modulating Effects of a Kidney Hormone. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639370. [PMID: 33796104 PMCID: PMC8007959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease with variable clinical presentation, typically characterized by a relapsing-remitting course. SLE has a multifactorial pathogenesis including genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors that lead to loss of tolerance against self-antigens and autoantibody production. Mortality in SLE patients remains significantly higher than in the general population, in part because of the limited efficacy of available treatments and the associated toxicities. Therefore, novel targeted therapies are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of affected individuals. Erythropoietin (EPO), a kidney-produced hormone that promotes red blood cell production in response to hypoxia, has lately been shown to also possess non-erythropoietic properties, including immunomodulatory effects. In various models of autoimmune diseases, EPO limits cell apoptosis and favors cell clearance, while reducing proinflammatory cytokines and promoting the induction of regulatory T cells. Notably, EPO has been shown to reduce autoimmune response and decrease disease severity in mouse models of SLE. Herein, we review EPO's non-erythropoietic effects, with a special focus on immune modulating effects in SLE and its potential clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Eswarappa
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chiara Cantarelli
- UO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Recombinant Erythropoietin Provides Protection against Renal Fibrosis in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8937657. [PMID: 32184703 PMCID: PMC7063184 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8937657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes anemia by renal damage. In CKD, the kidney is submitted to hypoxia, persistent inflammation, leading to fibrosis and permanent loss of renal function. Human recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) has been widely used to treat CKD-associated anemia and is known to possess organ-protective properties that are independent from its well-established hematopoietic effects. Nonhematopoietic effects of EPO are mediated by an alternative receptor that is proposed to consist of a heterocomplex between the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and the beta common receptor (βcR). The present study explored the effects of rEPO to prevent renal fibrosis in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (Ad-CKD) and their association with the expression of the heterodimer EPOR/βcR. Male Wistar rats were randomized to control group (CTL), adenine-fed rats (Ad-CKD), and Ad-CKD with treatment of rEPO (1050 IU/kg, once weekly for 4 weeks). Ad-CKD rats exhibited anemia, uremia, decreased renal function, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, tubular atrophy, and fibrosis. rEPO treatment not only corrected anemia but reduced uremia and partially improved renal function as well. In addition, we observed that rEPO diminishes tubular injury, prevents fibrosis deposition, and induces the EPOR/βcR heteroreceptor. The findings may explain the extrahematopoietic effects of rEPO in CKD and provide new strategies for the treatment of renal fibrosis in CKD.
Collapse
|
10
|
Erythropoietin and its derivatives: from tissue protection to immune regulation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:79. [PMID: 32015330 PMCID: PMC6997384 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an evolutionarily conserved hormone well documented for its erythropoietic role via binding the homodimeric EPO receptor (EPOR)2. In past decades, evidence has proved that EPO acts far beyond erythropoiesis. By binding the tissue-protective receptor (TPR), EPO suppresses proinflammatory cytokines, protects cells from apoptosis and promotes wound healing. Very recently, new data revealed that TPR is widely expressed on a variety of immune cells, and EPO could directly modulate their activation, differentiation and function. Notably, nonerythropoietic EPO derivatives, which mimic the structure of helix B within EPO, specifically bind TPR and show great potency in tissue protection and immune regulation. These small peptides prevent the cardiovascular side effects of EPO and are promising as clinical drugs. This review briefly introduces the receptors and tissue-protective effects of EPO and its derivatives and highlights their immunomodulatory functions and application prospects.
Collapse
|
11
|
Carelli S, Giallongo T, Gombalova Z, Rey F, Gorio MCF, Mazza M, Di Giulio AM. Counteracting neuroinflammation in experimental Parkinson's disease favors recovery of function: effects of Er-NPCs administration. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:333. [PMID: 30501635 PMCID: PMC6271641 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, presenting with midbrain dopaminergic neurons degeneration. A number of studies suggest that microglial activation may have a role in PD. It has emerged that inflammation-derived oxidative stress and cytokine-dependent toxicity may contribute to nigrostriatal pathway degeneration and exacerbate the progression of the disease in patients with idiopathic PD. Cell therapies have long been considered a feasible regenerative approach to compensate for the loss of specific cell populations such as the one that occurs in PD. We recently demonstrated that erythropoietin-releasing neural precursors cells (Er-NPCs) administered to MPTP-intoxicated animals survive after transplantation in the recipient's damaged brain, differentiate, and rescue degenerating striatal dopaminergic neurons. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory actions of Er-NPCs infused in an MPTP experimental model of PD. METHODS The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons was caused by MPTP administration in C57BL/6 male mice. 2.5 × 105 GFP-labeled Er-NPCs were administered by stereotaxic injection unilaterally in the left striatum. Functional recovery was assessed by two independent behavioral tests. Neuroinflammation was investigated measuring the mRNAs levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and immunohistochemistry studies were performed to evaluate markers of inflammation and the potential rescue of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) projections in the striatum of recipient mice. RESULTS Er-NPC administration promoted a rapid anti-inflammatory effect that was already evident 24 h after transplant with a decrease of pro-inflammatory and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression levels. This effect was maintained until the end of the observational period, 2 weeks post-transplant. Here, we show that Er-NPCs transplant reduces macrophage infiltration, directly counteracting the M1-like pro-inflammatory response of murine-activated microglia, which corresponds to the decrease of CD68 and CD86 markers, and induces M2-like pro-regeneration traits, as indicated by the increase of CD206 and IL-10 expression. Moreover, we also show that this activity is mediated by Er-NPCs-derived erythropoietin (EPO) since the co-injection of cells with anti-EPO antibodies neutralizes the anti-inflammatory effect of the Er-NPCs treatment. CONCLUSION This study shows the anti-inflammatory actions exerted by Er-NPCs, and we suggest that these cells may represent good candidates for cellular therapy to counteract neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephana Carelli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Zuzana Gombalova
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Federica Rey
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Mazza
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, FC Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Giulio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang B, Jiang J, Luo B, Zhu W, Liu Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z. Non-erythropoietic erythropoietin-derived peptide protects mice from systemic lupus erythematosus. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3330-3339. [PMID: 29570934 PMCID: PMC6010693 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, which results in various organ pathologies. However, current treatment towards SLE is suboptimal. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to promote SLE recovery, but clinical application can be limited by its haematopoiesis-stimulating effects. EPO-derived helix-B peptide (ARA290) is non-erythrogenic but has been reported to retain the anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective functions of EPO. Therefore, here we investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of ARA290 on SLE. The administration of ARA290 to pristane-induced SLE and MRL/lpr mice significantly suppressed the level of serum antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, reduced the deposition of IgG and C3, and ameliorated the nephritis symptoms. Moreover, the serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokine IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α in SLE mice were reduced by ARA290. Further, ARA290 decreased the number of apoptotic cells in kidney. In vitro experiment revealed that ARA290 inhibited the inflammatory activation of macrophages and promoted the phagocytotic function of macrophages to apoptotic cells. Finally, ARA290 did not induce haematopoiesis during treatment. In conclusion, ARA290 ameliorated SLE, which at least could be partly due to its anti-inflammatory and apoptotic cell clearance promoting effects, without stimulating haematopoiesis, suggesting that ARA290 could be a hopeful candidate for SLE treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Institute of ImmunologyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Juntao Jiang
- Institute of ImmunologyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bangwei Luo
- Institute of ImmunologyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wen Zhu
- Institute of ImmunologyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Institute of ImmunologyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhishang Wang
- Institute of ImmunologyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Institute of ImmunologyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iqbal Z, Azmi S, Yadav R, Ferdousi M, Kumar M, Cuthbertson DJ, Lim J, Malik RA, Alam U. Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pharmacotherapy. Clin Ther 2018; 40:828-849. [PMID: 29709457 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the commonest cause of neuropathy worldwide, and its prevalence increases with the duration of diabetes. It affects approximately half of patients with diabetes. DPN is symmetric and predominantly sensory, starting distally and gradually spreading proximally in a glove-and-stocking distribution. It causes substantial morbidity and is associated with increased mortality. The unrelenting nature of pain in this condition can negatively affect a patient's sleep, mood, and functionality and result in a poor quality of life. The purpose of this review was to critically review the current literature on the diagnosis and treatment of DPN, with a focus on the treatment of neuropathic pain in DPN. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was undertaken, incorporating article searches in electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, OVID) and reference lists of relevant articles with the authors' expertise in DPN. This review considers seminal and novel research in epidemiology; diagnosis, especially in relation to novel surrogate end points; and the treatment of neuropathic pain in DPN. We also consider potential new pharmacotherapies for painful DPN. FINDINGS DPN is often misdiagnosed and inadequately treated. Other than improving glycemic control, there is no licensed pathogenetic treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Management of painful DPN remains challenging due to difficulties in personalizing therapy and ascertaining the best dosing strategy, choice of initial pharmacotherapy, consideration of combination therapy, and deciding on defining treatment for poor analgesic responders. Duloxetine and pregabalin remain first-line therapy for neuropathic pain in DPN in all 5 of the major published guidelines by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American Academy of Neurology, European Federation of Neurological Societies, National Institute of Clinical Excellence (United Kingdom), and the American Diabetes Association, and their use has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. IMPLICATIONS Clinical recognition of DPN is imperative for allowing timely symptom management to reduce the morbidity associated with this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Iqbal
- Department of Endocrinology, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shazli Azmi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Manchester and the Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester Hospital Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Department of Endocrinology, Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Ferdousi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Manchester and the Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester Hospital Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Cuthbertson
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Eye and Vision Sciences and Pain Research Institute, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool and Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Lim
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Eye and Vision Sciences and Pain Research Institute, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool and Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Manchester and the Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester Hospital Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Uazman Alam
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Eye and Vision Sciences and Pain Research Institute, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool and Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University NHS Hospital Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Class I PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 attenuates experimental autoimmune neuritis by decreasing the frequency of Th1/Th17 cells and reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Cell Immunol 2018; 329:41-49. [PMID: 29724464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, 2-(2-difluoromethy lbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazine (ZSTK474), has anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. However, whether it can be used to treat Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)-a neuroinflammatory disorder-is unknown. We induced experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in Lewis rats, an established model of GBS. Orally administered ZSTK474 decreased neurological deficits in the GBS model, as demonstrated by diminished inflammatory cell infiltration, and ameliorated demyelination of sciatic nerves. Additionally, ZSTK474 decreased the number of Th1/Th17 cells and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-23, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α. We propose that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (PI3K/AKT/mTORC1) pathway likely contributed to the neuroprotective effect of ZSTK474. ZSTK474 effectively decreases the frequency of Th1/Th17 cells, thereby reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and successfully alleviating the symptoms of EAN. Thus, the neuroprotective effect of ZSTK474 indicates its potential utility as anti-inflammatory therapy for GBS.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee JH, Kam EH, Kim SY, Cheon SY, Kim EJ, Chung S, Jeong JH, Koo BN. Erythropoietin Attenuates Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction by Shifting Macrophage Activation toward the M2 Phenotype. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:839. [PMID: 29201007 PMCID: PMC5696349 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) may be driven by transference of the innate immune response to the brain after aseptic surgical damage. Macrophages are key mediators of innate immunity that can display a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype or an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hematopoietic hormone that exerts anti-inflammatory effects by influencing macrophage function. We hypothesized that EPO would prevent POCD by promoting macrophage phenotype switching to the M2 phenotype post-surgery. To evaluate the effects of EPO on POCD and macrophage polarization post-surgery, we administered EPO (5,000 U/kg) with or without an arginase inhibitor (amino-6-boronohexanoic acid, 10 mg/kg) to ICR mice before and after abdominal surgery. Forty-eight hours post-surgery, we assessed memory, synapse function, and macrophage/microglial phenotypes in the spleen and hippocampus. We also investigated M1/M2 phenotypes in RAW264.7 and BV2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ (M1 inducers) in the presence or absence of EPO. EPO prevented POCD, decreased surgery-related synaptic dysfunction, and attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine generation in the hippocampus. Moreover, EPO suppressed M1-related genes expression and promoted M2 genes expression in the spleen and hippocampus post-surgery. Furthermore, EPO decreased the proportions of macrophages/microglia expressing an M1 surface marker (CD40) and increased those expressing an M2 surface marker (CD206). Arginase inhibition abolished the beneficial effects of EPO on POCD. In vitro, EPO treatment promoted switching of RAW264.7 and BV2 cells stimulated with M1 inducers to an M2 phenotype. In conclusion, EPO prevents POCD by promoting macrophage phenotype switching toward the M2 phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kam
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Yeong Cheon
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungsoo Chung
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bon-Nyeo Koo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang S, Zhang C, Li J, Niyazi S, Zheng L, Xu M, Rong R, Yang C, Zhu T. Erythropoietin protects against rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury by modulating macrophage polarization. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2725. [PMID: 28383559 PMCID: PMC5477572 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a well-known hormone that is clinically used for the treatment of anemia. Very recently, an increasing body of evidence showed that EPO could still regulate bioactivities of macrophages. However, the details about the immunomodulatory effect of EPO on macrophages are not fully delineated, particularly in the setting of renal damages. Therefore, in the present study, we determined whether EPO could exert an impact on the dynamics of macrophages in a well-established model of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury and explored the potential mechanisms. EPO was found to ameliorate kidney injuries by reducing macrophages recruitment and promoting phenotype switch toward M2 macrophages in vivo. It was also confirmed that EPO could directly suppress pro-inflammatory responses of M1 macrophages and promote M2 marker expression in vitro. Data indicated the possible involvement of Jak2/STAT3/STAT6 pathway in the augmentation of EPO on M2 polarization. These results improved the understanding of the immunoregulatory capacity of EPO on macrophages, which might optimize the therapeutic modalities of EPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Sidikejiang Niyazi
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China.,Department of Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Role of Microglia in Neurological Disorders and Their Potentials as a Therapeutic Target. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7567-7584. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
18
|
Liu Y, Luo B, Shi R, Wang J, Liu Z, Liu W, Wang S, Zhang Z. Nonerythropoietic Erythropoietin-Derived Peptide Suppresses Adipogenesis, Inflammation, Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15134. [PMID: 26459940 PMCID: PMC4602313 DOI: 10.1038/srep15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) has been identified as being crucial for obesity modulation; however, its erythropoietic activity may limit its clinical application. EPO-derived Helix B-surface peptide (pHBSP) is nonerythrogenic but has been reported to retain other functions of EPO. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects and potential mechanisms of pHBSP in obesity modulation. We found that pHBSP suppressed adipogenesis, adipokine expression and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) levels during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte maturation through the EPO receptor (EPOR). In addition, also through EPOR, pHBSP attenuated macrophage inflammatory activation and promoted PPARγ expression. Furthermore, PPARγ deficiency partly ablated the anti-inflammatory activity of pHBSP in macrophages. Correspondingly, pHBSP administration to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice significantly improved obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and adipose tissue inflammation without stimulating hematopoiesis. Therefore, pHBSP can significantly protect against obesity and IR partly by inhibiting adipogenesis and inflammation. These findings have therapeutic implications for metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangwei Luo
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchen Shi
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwei Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Collino M, Thiemermann C, Cerami A, Brines M. Flipping the molecular switch for innate protection and repair of tissues: Long-lasting effects of a non-erythropoietic small peptide engineered from erythropoietin. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
20
|
Chen X, Wang CC, Song SM, Wei SY, Li JS, Zhao SL, Li B. The administration of erythropoietin attenuates kidney injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion with increased activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Formos Med Assoc 2015; 114:430-7. [PMID: 25682558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Understanding the mechanisms of protecting the kidneys from injury is of great importance because there are no effective therapies that promote repair and the kidneys frequently do not repair adequately. Evidence has shown that erythropoietin (EPO) has a vital renoprotective role, independent of its erythropoietic effect. However, whether EPO can contribute to kidney repair after injury and the potential mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS To investigate the renoprotective mechanism of EPO, a kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were subsequently randomly treated with EPO or a vehicle 6 hours after the kidney IRI. The rats were sacrificed on Day 3, Day 5, and Day 7 post kidney IRI. Renal function and histological alterations were examined. Renal interstitial macrophage infiltration, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were evaluated by immunostaining. Furthermore, the effects of EPO on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and IRI-related micro-RNAs were investigated. RESULTS The administration of EPO significantly improved renal function and reduced tubular injury. Furthermore, EPO treatment significantly prevented tubular cell apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation after IRI. Erythropoietin significantly suppressed macrophage infiltration, compared to the vehicle. In addition, treatment with EPO markedly prevented the loss of microvasculature. We have also demonstrated that, compared to the vehicle, EPO administration enhanced the expression of Wnt7b and β-catenin, and downregulated miR-21, -214, -210, and -199a. CONCLUSION Erythropoietin protects the kidneys against IRI by attenuating injury of the renal microvasculature and tubule epithelial cells, by promoting Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, and by regulating miRNA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cen-Cen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Min Song
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shi-Yao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Si Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shi-Lei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Maiese K. Cutting through the complexities of mTOR for the treatment of stroke. Curr Neurovasc Res 2014; 11:177-86. [PMID: 24712647 DOI: 10.2174/1567202611666140408104831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
On a global basis, at least 15 million individuals suffer some form of a stroke every year. Of these individuals, approximately 800,000 of these cerebrovascular events occur in the United States (US) alone. The incidence of stroke in the US has declined from the third leading cause of death to the fourth, a result that can be attributed to multiple factors that include improved vascular disease management, reduced tobacco use, and more rapid time to treatment in patients that are clinically appropriate to receive recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. However, treatment strategies for the majority of stroke patients are extremely limited and represent a critical void for care. A number of new therapeutic considerations for stroke are under consideration, but it is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) that is receiving intense focus as a potential new target for cerebrovascular disease. As part of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K) and protein kinase B (Akt) cascade, mTOR is an essential component of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2) to govern cell death involving apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis, cellular metabolism, and gene transcription. Vital for the consideration of new therapeutic strategies for stroke is the ability to understand how the intricate and complex pathways of mTOR signaling sometimes lead to disparate clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bond WS, Rex TS. Evidence That Erythropoietin Modulates Neuroinflammation through Differential Action on Neurons, Astrocytes, and Microglia. Front Immunol 2014; 5:523. [PMID: 25374571 PMCID: PMC4205853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a normal and healthy response to neuronal damage. However, excessive or chronic neuroinflammation exacerbates neurodegeneration after trauma and in progressive diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Therefore, molecules that modulate neuroinflammation are candidates as neuroprotective agents. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a known neuroprotective agent that indirectly attenuates neuroinflammation, in part, by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we provide evidence that EPO also modulates neuroinflammation upstream of apoptosis by acting directly on glia. Further, the signaling induced by EPO may differ depending on cell type and context possibly as a result of activation of different receptors. While significant progress has been made in our understanding of EPO signaling, this review also identifies areas for future study in terms of the role of EPO in modulating neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley S Bond
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA ; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Tonia S Rex
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA ; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| |
Collapse
|