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Hill BD, Zak AJ, Raja S, Bugada LF, Rizvi SM, Roslan SB, Nguyen HN, Chen J, Jiang H, Ono A, Goldstein DR, Wen F. iGATE analysis improves the interpretability of single-cell immune landscape of influenza infection. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172140. [PMID: 38814732 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza poses a persistent health burden worldwide. To design equitable vaccines effective across all demographics, it is essential to better understand how host factors such as genetic background and aging affect the single-cell immune landscape of influenza infection. Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) represents a promising technique in this pursuit, but interpreting its large, high-dimensional data remains difficult. We have developed a new analytical approach, in silico gating annotating training elucidating (iGATE), based on probabilistic support vector machine classification. By rapidly and accurately "gating" tens of millions of cells in silico into user-defined types, iGATE enabled us to track 25 canonical immune cell types in mouse lung over the course of influenza infection. Applying iGATE to study effects of host genetic background, we show that the lower survival of C57BL/6 mice compared with BALB/c was associated with a more rapid accumulation of inflammatory cell types and decreased IL-10 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the most prominent effect of aging is a defective T cell response, reducing survival of aged mice. Finally, iGATE reveals that the 25 canonical immune cell types exhibited differential influenza infection susceptibility and replication permissiveness in vivo, but neither property varied with host genotype or aging. The software is available at https://github.com/UmichWenLab/iGATE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Judy Chen
- Program in Immunology
- Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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2
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Zhang T, Liu Z, Zhi Y, Zhao X, Du M, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Hu G. Cecropin AD reduces viral load and inflammatory response against H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1369863. [PMID: 38605918 PMCID: PMC11008598 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1369863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study focuses on evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of cecropin AD, an antimicrobial peptide, against H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) in chickens. Given the global impact of H9N2 AIV on poultry health, identifying effective treatments is crucial. Methods To assess the impact of cecropin AD, we conducted in vivo experiments involving 108 5-week-old chickens divided into control, infected, and various treatment groups based on cecropin AD dosage levels (high, medium, and low). The methodologies included hemagglutination (HA) tests for viral titers, histopathological examination and toluidine blue (TB) staining for lung pathology, real-time PCR for viral detection, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for measuring serum levels of inflammatory markers. Results The findings revealed that cecropin AD substantially reduced lung pathology and viral load, especially at higher dosages, comparing favorably with the effects seen from conventional treatments. Moreover, cecropin AD effectively modulated mast cell activity and the levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and 5-HT, indicating its potential to diminish inflammation and viral spread. Discussion Cecropin AD presents a significant potential as an alternative treatment for H9N2 AIV in chickens, as evidenced by its ability to lessen lung damage, decrease viral presence, and adjust immune responses. This positions cecropin AD as a promising candidate for further exploration in the management of H9N2 AIV infections in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ge Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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3
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Kirk NM, Liang Y, Ly H. Comparative Pathology of Animal Models for Influenza A Virus Infection. Pathogens 2023; 13:35. [PMID: 38251342 PMCID: PMC10820042 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential for studying disease pathogenesis and to test the efficacy and safety of new vaccines and therapeutics. For most diseases, there is no single model that can recapitulate all features of the human condition, so it is vital to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each. The purpose of this review is to describe popular comparative animal models, including mice, ferrets, hamsters, and non-human primates (NHPs), that are being used to study clinical and pathological changes caused by influenza A virus infection with the aim to aid in appropriate model selection for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN 55108, USA; (N.M.K.); (Y.L.)
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4
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Palani S, Uddin MB, McKelvey M, Shao S, Sun K. Immune predisposition drives susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia after mild influenza A virus infection in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1272920. [PMID: 37771584 PMCID: PMC10525308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1272920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A frequent sequela of influenza A virus (IAV) infection is secondary bacterial pneumonia. Therefore, it is clinically important to understand the genetic predisposition to IAV and bacterial coinfection. Methods BALB/c and C57BL/6 (B6) mice were infected with high or low-pathogenic IAV and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPn). The contribution of cellular and molecular immune factors to the resistance/susceptibility of BALB/c and B6 mice were dissected in nonlethal and lethal IAV/SPn coinfection models. Results Low-virulent IAV X31 (H3N2) rendered B6 mice extremely susceptible to SPn superinfection, while BALB/c mice remained unaffected. X31 infection alone barely induces IFN-γresponse in two strains of mice; however, SPn superinfection significantly enhances IFN-γ production in the susceptible B6 mice. As a result, IFN-γ signaling inhibits neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance, leading to lethal X31/SPn coinfection in B6 mice. Conversely, the diminished IFN-γ and competent neutrophil responses enable BALB/c mice highly resistant to X31/SPn coinfection. Discussion The results establish that type 1 immune predisposition plays a key role in lethal susceptibility of B6 mice to pneumococcal pneumonia after mild IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Palani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Md Bashir Uddin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Michael McKelvey
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Shengjun Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Keer Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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5
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Zhu C, Zhang M, Fu W, He Y, Yang Y, Zhang L, Yuan S, Jiang L, Xu J, Zhang X. Comparison of H7N9 and H9N2 influenza infections in mouse model unravels the importance of early innate immune response in host protection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:941078. [PMID: 36034707 PMCID: PMC9414078 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.941078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome of infection with influenza A virus is determined by a complex virus-host interaction. A new H7N9 virus of avian origin crossed the species barrier to infect humans, causing high mortality and emerged as a potential pandemic threat. The mechanisms underlying the virulence and pathogenicity of H7N9 virus remains elusive. H7N9 virus originated from a genetic assortment that involved the avian H9N2 virus, which was the donor of the six internal genes. Unlike the H7N9 virus, the H9N2 virus caused only mild phenotype in infected mice. In this study, we used the mouse infection model to dissect the difference in the host response between the H7N9 and H9N2 viruses. Through analyzing transcriptomics of infected lungs, we surprisingly found that the H9N2 infection elicited an earlier induction of innate immunity than H7N9 infection. This finding was further corroborated by an immunohistochemical study demonstrating earlier recruitment of macrophage to the H9N2-infected lung than the H7N9-infected lung, which could occur as early as 6 hours post infection. In contrast, H7N9 infection was characterized by a late, strong lung CD8+ T cell response that is more robust than H9N2 infection. The different pattern of immune response may underlie more severe lung pathology caused by H7N9 infection compared to H9N2 infection. Finally, we could show that co-infection of the H9N2 virus protected mice from the challenge of both H7N9 and PR8 viruses, thereby strengthening the importance of the induction of an early innate immunity in the host’s defense against influenza infection. Collectively, our study unraveled a previously unidentified difference in host response between H7N9 and H9N2 infection and shed new insight on how virus-host interaction shapes the in vivo outcome of influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuisong Zhu
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Science and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihui Fu
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongquan He
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine,Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxia Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Songhua Yuan
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Science and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Zhang, ; Jianqing Xu,
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Science and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Zhang, ; Jianqing Xu,
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6
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Wang WH, Erazo EM, Ishcol MRC, Lin CY, Assavalapsakul W, Thitithanyanont A, Wang SF. Virus-induced pathogenesis, vaccine development, and diagnosis of novel H7N9 avian influenza A virus in humans: a systemic literature review. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519845488. [PMID: 31068040 PMCID: PMC7140199 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519845488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) caused human infections in 2013 in China.
Phylogenetic analyses indicate that H7N9 AIV is a novel reassortant strain with
pandemic potential. We conducted a systemic review regarding virus-induced
pathogenesis, vaccine development, and diagnosis of H7N9 AIV infection in
humans. We followed PRISMA guidelines and searched PubMed, Web of Science, and
Google Scholar to identify relevant articles published between January 2013 and
December 2018. Pathogenesis data indicated that H7N9 AIV belongs to low
pathogenic avian influenza, which is mostly asymptomatic in avian species;
however, H7N9 induces high mortality in humans. Sporadic human infections have
recently been reported, caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses
detected in poultry. H7N9 AIVs resistant to adamantine and oseltamivir cause
severe human infection by rapidly inducing progressive acute community-acquired
pneumonia, multiorgan dysfunction, and cytokine dysregulation; however,
mechanisms via which the virus induces severe syndromes remain unclear. An H7N9
AIV vaccine is lacking; designs under evaluation include synthesized peptide,
baculovirus-insect system, and virus-like particle vaccines. Molecular diagnosis
of H7N9 AIVs is suggested over conventional assays, for biosafety reasons.
Several advanced or modified diagnostic assays are under investigation and
development. We summarized virus-induced pathogenesis, vaccine development, and
current diagnostic assays in H7N9 AIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Esmeralda Merari Erazo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Max R Chang Ishcol
- Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Chih-Yen Lin
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung
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7
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Califano D, Furuya Y, Metzger DW. Effects of Influenza on Alveolar Macrophage Viability Are Dependent on Mouse Genetic Strain. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:134-144. [PMID: 29760191 PMCID: PMC6008236 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Secondary bacterial coinfections following influenza virus pose a serious threat to human health. Therefore, it is of significant clinical relevance to understand the immunological causes of this increased susceptibility. Influenza-induced alterations in alveolar macrophages (AMs) have been shown to be a major underlying cause of the increased susceptibility to bacterial superinfection. However, the mechanisms responsible for this remain under debate, specifically in terms of whether AMs are depleted in response to influenza infection or are maintained postinfection, but with disrupted phagocytic activity. The data presented in this article resolves this issue by showing that either mechanism can differentially occur in individual mouse strains. BALB/c mice exhibited a dramatic IFN-γ-dependent reduction in levels of AMs following infection with influenza A, whereas AM levels in C57BL/6 mice were maintained throughout the course of influenza infection, although the cells displayed an altered phenotype, namely an upregulation in CD11b expression. These strain differences were observed regardless of whether infection was performed with low or high doses of influenza virus. Furthermore, infection with either the H1N1 A/California/04/2009 (CA04) or H1N1 A/PR8/1934 (PR8) virus strain yielded similar results. Regardless of AM viability, both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice showed a high level of susceptibility to postinfluenza bacterial infection. These findings resolve the apparent inconsistencies in the literature, identify mouse strain-dependent differences in the AM response to influenza infection, and ultimately may facilitate translation of the mouse model to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Califano
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Yoichi Furuya
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Dennis W Metzger
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
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8
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Pan W, Xie H, Li X, Guan W, Chen P, Zhang B, Zhang M, Dong J, Wang Q, Li Z, Li S, Yang Z, Li C, Zhong N, Huang J, Chen L. Patient-derived avian influenza A (H5N6) virus is highly pathogenic in mice but can be effectively treated by anti-influenza polyclonal antibodies. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:107. [PMID: 29899428 PMCID: PMC6000000 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N6) virus has been circulating in poultry since 2013 and causes sporadic infections and fatalities in humans. Due to the re-occurrence and continuous evolution of this virus subtype, there is an urgent need to better understand the pathogenicity of the H5N6 virus and to identify effective preventative and therapeutic strategies. We established a mouse model to evaluate the virulence of H5N6 A/Guangzhou/39715/2014 (H5N6/GZ14), which was isolated from an infected patient. BALB/c mice were inoculated intranasally with H5N6/GZ14 and monitored for morbidity, mortality, cytokine production, lung injury, viral replication, and viral dissemination to other organs. H5N6/GZ14 is highly pathogenic and can kill 50% of mice at a very low infectious dose of 5 plaque-forming units (pfu). Infection with H5N6/GZ14 showed rapid disease progression, viral replication to high titers in the lung, a strongly induced pro-inflammatory cytokine response, and severe lung injury. Moreover, infectious H5N6/GZ14 could be detected in the heart and brain of the infected mice. We also demonstrated that anti-influenza polyclonal antibodies generated by immunizing rhesus macaques could protect mice from lethal infection. Our results provide insights into the pathogenicity of the H5N6 human isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Health Quarantine Laboratory, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenda Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peihai Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beiwu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mincong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixia Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufen Li
- Health Quarantine Laboratory, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chufang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jicheng Huang
- Health Quarantine Laboratory, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Lai C, Wang K, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Gu H, Yang P, Wang X. C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) Mediates Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lethal Influenza H7N9 Virus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:587. [PMID: 28421067 PMCID: PMC5379033 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus was a cause for concern in China in the spring of 2013. Most H7N9 infections resulted in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is a severe form of acute lung injury (ALI) that contributes to morbidity and mortality. In this study, we induced viral ALI by infecting wild-type and CCL2-deficient mice with influenza H7N9 virus. The results suggested a close association between C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expressions and ALI induced by a lethal H7N9 virus strain (A/Hebei/01/2013). Elevated CCL2 levels were also detected in confirmed human cases of H7N9 and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of H7N9-infected mice. Moreover, CCL2 was overexpressed in the lung tissue of infected mice. More importantly, CCL2 deficiency ameliorated H7N9-induced ALI in mice as determined by weight loss, survival rate, the wet:dry ratio of the lung, and pathology. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CCL2 is essential for H7N9 virus infection and thus that it is a potential therapeutic target for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing, China
| | - Keyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing, China
| | - Liangyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing, China.,Beijing 302 HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing, China
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10
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Wolf S, Johnson S, Perwitasari O, Mahalingam S, Tripp RA. Targeting the pro-inflammatory factor CCL2 (MCP-1) with Bindarit for influenza A (H7N9) treatment. Clin Transl Immunology 2017; 6:e135. [PMID: 28435679 PMCID: PMC5382437 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are important human and animal pathogens. Seasonal influenza viruses cause infections every year, and occasionally zoonotic viruses emerge to cause pandemics with significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates. Three cases of laboratory confirmed human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus were reported in 2013, and there have been several cases reported across South East Asia, and recently in North America. Most patients experience severe respiratory illness, with mortality rates approaching 40%. No vaccine is currently available and the use of antivirals is complicated due to the emergence of drug resistant strains. Thus, there is a need to identify new drugs for therapeutic intervention and disease control. In humans, following H7N9 infection, there is excessive expression of pro-inflammatory factors CCL2, IL-6, IL-8, IFNα, interferon-γ, IP-10, MIG and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, which has been shown to contribute to fatal disease outcomes in mouse models of infection. In the current study, the potent inhibitor of CCL2 synthesis, Bindarit, was examined as a countermeasure for H7N9-induced inflammation in a mouse model. Bindarit treatment of mice did not have any substantial therapeutic efficacy in H7N9 infection. Consequently, the results suggest that Bindarit may be ill-advised in the treatment of influenza H7N9 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Olivia Perwitasari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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11
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Yu M, Wang Q, Qi W, Zhang K, Liu J, Tao P, Ge S, Liao M, Ning Z. Expression of inflammation-related genes in the lung of BALB/c mice response to H7N9 influenza A virus with different pathogenicity. Med Microbiol Immunol 2016; 205:501-9. [PMID: 27401907 PMCID: PMC7101963 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
H7N9 influenza A virus (IAV)-infected human cases are increasing and reported over 200 mortalities since its first emergence in 2013. Host inflammatory response contributes to the clearance of influenza virus; meanwhile, the induced "cytokine storm" also leads to pathological lesions. However, what inflammation-related response of the host for H7N9 influenza A virus infection to survival from injures of exuberant cytokine release is still obscure. In this research, expression pattern and histological distribution of inflammation-related genes, RIP3, NLRP3, IL-1β, TNF-α, Slit2 and Robo4 in the lung of BALB/c mice infected with two H7N9 IAV strains with only a PB2 residue 627 difference were investigated, as well as the histopathological injury of the lung. Results showed that significantly higher expression level of NLRP3, RIP3, IL-1β and TNF-α in H7N9-infected groups compared with the control would play a key role in driving lung pathological lesion. While the expression level of Slit2 and Robo4 in H7N9 rVK627E group had significantly increased trend than VK627 which might be the main factor to inhibit the interstitial pneumonia and infiltration. Also, H7N9 induced the histopathological changes in the lung of infected mice, and RIP3, NLRP3, IL-1β, TNF-α, Slit2 and Robo4 showed cell-specific distribution in the lung. The results will provide basic data for further research on the mechanism of inflammatory response and understanding of the role of site 627 in PB2 in H7N9 IAVs infection. In addition, enhancing the resilience of the host vascular system to the inflammatory response by regulation of Slit2-Robo4 signaling pathway might provide a novel strategy for H7N9 IAVs infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingnan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaizhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shikun Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhangyong Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Wolf S, Wu W, Jones C, Perwitasari O, Mahalingam S, Tripp RA. MicroRNA Regulation of Human Genes Essential for Influenza A (H7N9) Replication. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155104. [PMID: 27166678 PMCID: PMC4864377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are important pathogens of humans and animals. While seasonal influenza viruses infect humans every year, occasionally animal-origin viruses emerge to cause pandemics with significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates. In March 2013, the public health authorities of China reported three cases of laboratory confirmed human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, and subsequently there have been many cases reported across South East Asia and recently in North America. Most patients experience severe respiratory illness, and morbidity with mortality rates near 40%. No vaccine is currently available and the use of antivirals is complicated due the frequent emergence of drug resistant strains. Thus, there is an imminent need to identify new drug targets for therapeutic intervention. In the current study, a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay was performed using microRNA (miRNA) inhibitors to identify new host miRNA targets that reduce influenza H7N9 replication in human respiratory (A549) cells. Validation studies lead to a top hit, hsa-miR-664a-3p, that had potent antiviral effects in reducing H7N9 replication (TCID50 titers) by two logs. In silico pathway analysis revealed that this microRNA targeted the LIF and NEK7 genes with effects on pro-inflammatory factors. In follow up studies using siRNAs, anti-viral properties were shown for LIF. Furthermore, inhibition of hsa-miR-664a-3p also reduced virus replication of pandemic influenza A strains H1N1 and H3N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Weilin Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Olivia Perwitasari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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Mammalian Pathogenesis and Transmission of H7N9 Influenza Viruses from Three Waves, 2013-2015. J Virol 2016; 90:4647-4657. [PMID: 26912620 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00134-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Three waves of human infection with H7N9 influenza viruses have concluded to date, but only viruses within the first wave (isolated between March and September 2013) have been extensively studied in mammalian models. While second- and third-wave viruses remain closely linked phylogenetically and antigenically, even subtle molecular changes can impart critical shifts in mammalian virulence. To determine if H7N9 viruses isolated from humans during 2013 to 2015 have maintained the phenotype first identified among 2013 isolates, we assessed the ability of first-, second-, and third-wave H7N9 viruses isolated from humans to cause disease in mice and ferrets and to transmit among ferrets. Similar to first-wave viruses, H7N9 viruses from 2013 to 2015 were highly infectious in mice, with lethality comparable to that of the well-studied A/Anhui/1/2013 virus. Second- and third-wave viruses caused moderate disease in ferrets, transmitted efficiently to cohoused, naive contact animals, and demonstrated limited transmissibility by respiratory droplets. All H7N9 viruses replicated efficiently in human bronchial epithelial cells, with subtle changes in pH fusion threshold identified between H7N9 viruses examined. Our results indicate that despite increased genetic diversity and geographical distribution since their initial detection in 2013, H7N9 viruses have maintained a pathogenic phenotype in mammals and continue to represent an immediate threat to public health. IMPORTANCE H7N9 influenza viruses, first isolated in 2013, continue to cause human infection and represent an ongoing public health threat. Now entering the fourth wave of human infection, H7N9 viruses continue to exhibit genetic diversity in avian hosts, necessitating continuous efforts to monitor their pandemic potential. However, viruses isolated post-2013 have not been extensively studied, limiting our understanding of potential changes in virus-host adaptation. In order to ensure that current research with first-wave H7N9 viruses still pertains to more recently isolated strains, we compared the relative virulence and transmissibility of H7N9 viruses isolated during the second and third waves, through 2015, in the mouse and ferret models. Our finding that second- and third-wave viruses generally exhibit disease in mammals comparable to that of first-wave viruses strengthens our ability to extrapolate research from the 2013 viruses to current public health efforts. These data further contribute to our understanding of molecular determinants of pathogenicity, transmissibility, and tropism.
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Stelzer IA, Mori M, DeMayo F, Lydon J, Arck PC, Solano ME. Differential mouse-strain specific expression of Junctional Adhesion Molecule (JAM)-B in placental structures. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:2-17. [PMID: 26914234 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1118605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-B, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is involved in stabilization of interendothelial cell-cell contacts, formation of vascular tubes, homeostasis of stem cell niches and promotion of leukocyte adhesion and transmigration. In the human placenta, JAM-B protein is abundant and mRNA transcripts are enriched in first-trimester extravillous trophoblast in comparison to the villous trophoblast. We here aimed to elucidate the yet unexplored spatio-temporal expression of JAM-B in the mouse placenta. We investigated and semi-quantified JAM-B protein expression by immunohistochemistry in early post-implantation si tes and in mid- to late gestation placentae of various murine mating combinations. Surprisingly, the endothelium of the placental labyrinth was devoid of JAM-B expression. JAM-B was mainly present in spongiotrophoblast cells of the junctional zone, as well as in the fetal vessels of the chorionic plate, the umbilical cord and in maternal myometrial smooth muscle. We observed a strain-specific placental increase of JAM-B protein expression from mid- to late gestation in Balb/c-mated C57BL/6 females, which was absent in DBA/2J-mated Balb/c females. Due to the essential role of progesterone during gestation, we further assessed a possible modulation of JAM-B in mid-gestational placentae deficient in the progesterone receptor (Pgr(-/-)) and observed an increased expression of JAM-B in Pgr(-/-) placentae, compared to Pgr(+/+) tissue samples. We propose that JAM-B is an as yet underappreciated trophoblast lineage-specific protein, which is modulated via the progesterone receptor and shows unique strain-specific kinetics. Future work is needed to elucidate its possible contribution to placental processes necessary to ensuring its integrity, ultimately facilitating placental development and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Annelies Stelzer
- a Laboratory for Exp. Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Mayumi Mori
- a Laboratory for Exp. Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - John Lydon
- b Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Petra Clara Arck
- a Laboratory for Exp. Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Maria Emilia Solano
- a Laboratory for Exp. Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
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15
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Noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 impairs virus control in a mouse model. Arch Virol 2015; 161:395-403. [PMID: 26586332 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an economically important pathogen that causes development of mild to severe clinical signs in wild and domesticated ruminants. We previously showed that mice could be infected by BVDV. In the present study, we infected mice intraperitoneally with non-cytopathic (ncp) BVDV1 or ncp BVDV2, harvested the blood and organs of the infected mice at days 4, 7, 10 and 14 postinfection (pi), and performed immunohistochemical analyses to confirm BVDV infection. Viral antigens were detected in the spleens of all infected mice from days 4 through 14 and were also found in the mesenteric lymph nodes, gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), heart, kidney, intestine, and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of some infected mice. In ncp BVDV2-infected mice, flow cytometric analysis revealed markedly fewer CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes and lower expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (I-A/I-E) than those in ncp BVDV1-infected mice. Production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was higher in the plasma of ncp BVDV2-infected mice than that in that of ncp BVDV1-infected mice. Our results demonstrate that ncp BVDV1 and ncp BVDV2 interact differently with the host innate immune response in vivo. These findings highlight an important distinction between ncp BVDV1 and ncp BVDV2 and suggest that ncp BVDV2 impairs the host's ability to control the infection and enhances virus dissemination.
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16
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Zhao G, Miao Y, Guo Y, Qiu H, Sun S, Kou Z, Yu H, Li J, Chen Y, Jiang S, Du L, Zhou Y. Development of a heat-stable and orally delivered recombinant M2e-expressing B. subtilis spore-based influenza vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3649-58. [PMID: 25483702 DOI: 10.4161/hv.36122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly conserved ectodomain of influenza virus M2 protein (M2e) is an important target for the development of universal influenza vaccines. Today, the use of chemical or genetic fusion constructs have been undertaken to overcome the low immunogenicity of M2e in vaccine formulation. However, current M2e vaccines are neither orally delivered nor heat-stable. In this study, we evaluated the immune efficacy of an orally delivered recombinant M2e vaccine containing 3 molcules of M2e consensus sequence of influenza A viruses, termed RSM2e3. To accomplish this, CotB, a spore coat of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), was used as a fusion partner, and heat-stable nonpathogenic B. subtilis spores were used as the carrier. Our results showed that CotB-M2e3 fusion had no effect on spore structure or function in the resultant recombinant RSM2e3 strain and that heterologous influenza virus M2e protein was successfully displayed on the surface of the recombinant RSM2e3 spore. Importantly, recombinant RSM2e3 spores elicited strong and long-term M2e-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses, completely protecting immunized mice from lethal challenge of A/PR/8/34(H1N1) influenza virus. Taken together, our study forms a solid basis for the development of a novel orally delivered and heat-stable influenza vaccine based on B. subtilis spore surface display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology ; Beijing , China
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Misra RS, Johnston CJ, Groves AM, DeDiego ML, St Martin J, Reed C, Hernady E, Miller JN, Love T, Finkelstein JN, Williams JP. Examining the Effects of External or Internal Radiation Exposure of Juvenile Mice on Late Morbidity after Infection with Influenza A. Radiat Res 2015; 184:3-13. [PMID: 26114328 DOI: 10.1667/rr13917.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A number of investigators have suggested that exposure to low-dose radiation may pose a potentially serious health risk. However, the majority of these studies have focused on the short-term rather than long-term effects of exposure to fixed source radiation, and few have examined the effects of internal contamination. Additionally, very few studies have focused on exposure in juveniles, when organs are still developing and could be more sensitive to the toxic effects of radiation. To specifically address whether early-life radiation injury may affect long-term immune competence, we studied 14-day-old juvenile pups that were either 5 Gy total-body irradiated or injected internally with 50 μCi soluble (137)Cs, then infected with influenza A virus at 26 weeks after exposure. After influenza infection, all groups demonstrated immediate weight loss. We found that externally irradiated, infected animals failed to recover weight relative to age-matched infected controls, but internally (137)Cs contaminated and infected animals had a weight recovery with a similar rate and degree as controls. Externally and internally irradiated mice demonstrated reduced levels of club cell secretory protein (CCSP) message in their lungs after influenza infection. The externally irradiated group did not recover CCSP expression even at the two-week time point after infection. Although the antibody response and viral titers did not appear to be affected by either radiation modality, there was a slight increase in monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 expression in the lungs of externally irradiated animals 14 days after influenza infection, with increased cellular infiltration present. Notably, an increase in the number of regulatory T cells was seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes of irradiated mice relative to uninfected mice. These data confirm the hypothesis that early-life irradiation may have long-term consequences on the immune system, leading to an altered antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Misra
- a Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Carl J Johnston
- a Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642.,b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Angela M Groves
- b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Marta L DeDiego
- c Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Joe St Martin
- d Department of Environmental Health and Safety: Radiation Safety Unit, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Christina Reed
- b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Eric Hernady
- b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Jen-Nie Miller
- b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Tanzy Love
- e Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Jacob N Finkelstein
- a Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642.,b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
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18
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Yu M, Zhang K, Qi W, Huang Z, Ye J, Ma Y, Liao M, Ning Z. Expression pattern of NLRP3 and its related cytokines in the lung and brain of avian influenza virus H9N2 infected BALB/c mice. Virol J 2014; 11:229. [PMID: 25547136 PMCID: PMC4296676 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) becomes the focus for its ability of transmission to mammals and as a donor to provide internal genes to form the new epidemic lethal influenza viruses. Residue 627 in PB2 has been proven the virulence factor of H9N2 avian influenza virus in mice, but the detailed data for inflammation difference between H9N2 virus strains with site 627 mutation is still unclear. The inflammasome NLRP3 is recently reported as the cellular machinery responsible for activation of inflammatory processes and plays an important role during the development of inflammation caused by influenza virus infection. Methods In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of NLRP3 and its related cytokines of IL-1β and TNF-α in BALB/c mice infected by H9N2 AIV strains with only a site 627 difference at both mRNA and protein levels at different time points. Results The results showed that the expression level of NLRP3, IL-1β and TNF-α changed in the lung and brain of BALB/c mice after infection by VK627 and rVK627E. The immunohistological results showed that the positive cells of NLRP3, IL-1β and TNF-α altered the positive levels of original cells in tissues and infiltrated inflammatory cells which caused by H9N2 infection. Conclusions Our results provided the basic data at differences in expression pattern of NLRP3 and its related cytokines in BALB/c mice infected by H9N2 influenza viruses with only a site 627 difference. This implied that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in host response to influenza virus infection and determines the outcome of clinical manifestation and pathological injury. This will explain the variable of pathological presentation in tissues and enhance research on inflammation process of the AIV H9N2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaizhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbao Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhui Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongjiang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhangyong Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Marjuki H, Mishin VP, Chesnokov AP, Jones J, De La Cruz JA, Sleeman K, Tamura D, Nguyen HT, Wu HS, Chang FY, Liu MT, Fry AM, Cox NJ, Villanueva JM, Davis CT, Gubareva LV. Characterization of drug-resistant influenza A(H7N9) variants isolated from an oseltamivir-treated patient in Taiwan. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:249-57. [PMID: 25124927 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients contracting influenza A(H7N9) infection often developed severe disease causing respiratory failure. Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) are the primary option for treatment, but information on drug-resistance markers for influenza A(H7N9) is limited. METHODS Four NA variants of A/Taiwan/1/2013(H7N9) virus containing a single substitution (NA-E119V, NA-I222K, NA-I222R, or NA-R292K) recovered from an oseltamivir-treated patient were tested for NAI susceptibility in vitro; their replicative fitness was evaluated in cell culture, mice, and ferrets. RESULTS NA-R292K led to highly reduced inhibition by oseltamivir and peramivir, while NA-E119V, NA-I222K, and NA-I222R caused reduced inhibition by oseltamivir. Mice infected with any virus showed severe clinical signs with high mortality rates. NA-I222K virus was the most virulent in mice, whereas virus lacking NA change (NA-WT) and NA-R292K virus seemed the least virulent. Sequence analysis suggests that PB2-S714N increased virulence of NA-I222K virus in mice; NS1-K126R, alone or in combination with PB2-V227M, produced contrasting effects in NA-WT and NA-R292K viruses. In ferrets, all viruses replicated to high titers in the upper respiratory tract but produced only mild illness. NA-R292K virus, showed reduced replicative fitness in this animal model. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight challenges in assessment of the replicative fitness of H7N9 NA variants that emerged in NAI-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henju Marjuki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Vasiliy P Mishin
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Anton P Chesnokov
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joyce Jones
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Juan A De La Cruz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Katrina Sleeman
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Daisuke Tamura
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Tennessee
| | - Ha T Nguyen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ho-Sheng Wu
- Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei City
| | | | | | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Julie M Villanueva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Charles T Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Larisa V Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Profiles of acute cytokine and antibody responses in patients infected with avian influenza A H7N9. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101788. [PMID: 25003343 PMCID: PMC4086936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza A H7N9 virus outbreak in Eastern China in the spring of 2013 represented a novel, emerging avian influenza transmission to humans. While clinical and microbiological features of H7N9 infection have been reported in the literature, the current study investigated acute cytokine and antibody responses in acute H7N9 infection. Between March 27, 2013 and April 23, 2013, six patients with confirmed H7N9 influenza infection were admitted to Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China. Acute phase serum cytokine profiles were determined using a high-throughput multiplex assay. Daily H7 hemagglutinin (HA)-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA responses were monitored by ELISA. Neutralizing antibodies specific for H7N9 viruses were determined against a pseudotyped virus expressing the novel H7 subtype HA antigen. Five cytokines (IL-6, IP-10, IL-10, IFNγ, and TNFα) were significantly elevated in H7N9-infected patients when compared to healthy volunteers. Serum H7 HA-specific IgG, as well as IgM and IgA responses, were detected within 8 days of disease onset and increased in a similar pattern during acute infection. Neutralizing antibodies developed shortly after the appearance of binding antibody responses and showed similar kinetics as a fraction of the total H7 HA-specific IgG responses. H7N9 infection resulted in hallmark serum cytokine increases, which correlated with fever and disease persistence. The novel finding of simultaneous development of IgG, IgM, and IgA responses in acute H7N9 infection points to the potential for live influenza viruses to elicit fast and potent protective antibodies to limit the infection.
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