1
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Da Silveira Cavalcante L, Higuita ML, González-Rosa JM, Marques B, To S, Pendexter CA, Cronin SE, Gopinathan K, de Vries RJ, Ellett F, Uygun K, Langenau DM, Toner M, Tessier SN. Zebrafish as a high throughput model for organ preservation and transplantation research. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23187. [PMID: 37718489 PMCID: PMC10754348 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300076r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of effort, the preservation of complex organs for transplantation remains a significant barrier that exacerbates the organ shortage crisis. Progress in organ preservation research is significantly hindered by suboptimal research tools that force investigators to sacrifice translatability over throughput. For instance, simple model systems, such as single cell monolayers or co-cultures, lack native tissue structure and functional assessment, while mammalian whole organs are complex systems with confounding variables not compatible with high-throughput experimentation. In response, diverse fields and industries have bridged this experimental gap through the development of rich and robust resources for the use of zebrafish as a model organism. Through this study, we aim to demonstrate the value zebrafish pose for the fields of solid organ preservation and transplantation, especially with respect to experimental transplantation efforts. A wide array of methods were customized and validated for preservation-specific experimentation utilizing zebrafish, including the development of assays at multiple developmental stages (larvae and adult), methods for loading and unloading preservation agents, and the development of viability scores to quantify functional outcomes. Using this platform, the largest and most comprehensive screen of cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) was performed to determine their toxicity and efficiency at preserving complex organ systems using a high subzero approach called partial freezing (i.e., storage in the frozen state at -10°C). As a result, adult zebrafish cardiac function was successfully preserved after 5 days of partial freezing storage. In combination, the methods and techniques developed have the potential to drive and accelerate research in the fields of solid organ preservation and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Da Silveira Cavalcante
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Boston, Boston MA, USA
| | - Manuela Lopera Higuita
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Boston, Boston MA, USA
| | - Juan Manuel González-Rosa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA, USA
| | - Beatriz Marques
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Samantha To
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA, USA
| | - Casie A. Pendexter
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Boston, Boston MA, USA
| | - Stephanie E.J. Cronin
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Boston, Boston MA, USA
| | - Kaustav Gopinathan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Reinier J. de Vries
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Boston, Boston MA, USA
| | - Felix Ellett
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Boston, Boston MA, USA
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Boston, Boston MA, USA
| | - David M. Langenau
- Molecular Pathology Unit and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Boston, Boston MA, USA
| | - Shannon N. Tessier
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Boston, Boston MA, USA
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2
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Ross Stewart KM, Walker SL, Baker AH, Riley PR, Brittan M. Hooked on heart regeneration: the zebrafish guide to recovery. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1667-1679. [PMID: 34164652 PMCID: PMC9215194 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While humans lack sufficient capacity to undergo cardiac regeneration following injury, zebrafish can fully recover from a range of cardiac insults. Over the past two decades, our understanding of the complexities of both the independent and co-ordinated injury responses by multiple cardiac tissues during zebrafish heart regeneration has increased exponentially. Although cardiomyocyte regeneration forms the cornerstone of the reparative process in the injured zebrafish heart, recent studies have shown that this is dependent on prior neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis, which in turn require epicardial, endocardial, and inflammatory cell signalling within an extracellular milieu that is optimized for regeneration. Indeed, it is the amalgamation of multiple regenerative systems and gene regulatory patterns that drives the much-heralded success of the adult zebrafish response to cardiac injury. Increasing evidence supports the emerging paradigm that developmental transcriptional programmes are re-activated during adult tissue regeneration, including in the heart, and the zebrafish represents an optimal model organism to explore this concept. In this review, we summarize recent advances from the zebrafish cardiovascular research community with novel insight into the mechanisms associated with endogenous cardiovascular repair and regeneration, which may be of benefit to inform future strategies for patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ross Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sophie L Walker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Sherrington Rd, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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3
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Noguera P, Klinger M, Örün H, Grunow B, Del-Pozo J. Ultrastructural insights into the replication cycle of salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV) using salmon cardiac primary cultures (SCPCs). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:2031-2041. [PMID: 34424537 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV) has been affecting the salmon farming industry for over 30 years, but despite the substantial amount of studies, there are still a number of recognized knowledge gaps, for example in the transmission of the virus. In this work, an ultrastructural morphological approach was used to describe observations after infection by SPDV of an ex vivo cardiac model generated from Atlantic salmon embryos. The observations in this study and those available on previous ultrastructural work on SPDV are compared and contrasted with the current knowledge on terrestrial mammalian and insect alphaviral replication cycles, which is deeper than that of SPDV both morphologically and mechanistically. Despite their limitations, morphological descriptions remain an excellent way to generate novel hypotheses, and this has been the aim of this work. This study has used a target host, ex vivo model and resulted in some previously undescribed features, including filopodial membrane projections, cytoplasmic stress granules or putative intracytoplasmic budding. The latter suggests a new hypothesis that warrants further mechanistic research: SPDV in salmon may have retained the capacity for non-cytolytic (persistent) infections by intracellular budding, similar to that noted in arthropod vectors of other alphaviruses. In the notable absence of a known intermediate host for SPDV, the presence of this pattern suggests that both cytopathic and persistent infections may coexist in the same host. It is our hope that the ultrastructural comparison presented here stimulates new research that brings the knowledge on SPDV replication cycle up to a similar level to that of terrestrial alphaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Histro Örün
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bianka Grunow
- Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jorge Del-Pozo
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
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4
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Tucker C, Collins R, Denvir MA, McDougald WA. PET/CT Technology in Adult Zebrafish: A Pilot Study Toward Live Longitudinal Imaging. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:725548. [PMID: 34708053 PMCID: PMC8542982 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.725548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have confirmed the beneficial and advantageous use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model of human disease in biomedical studies. Not only are 71% of human genes shared with the zebrafish many of these genes are linked to human diseases. Currently, numerous transgenic and mutant genetic zebrafish lines are now widely available for use in research. Furthermore, zebrafish are relatively inexpensive to maintain compared to rodents. However, a limiting factor to fully utilising adult zebrafish in research is not the fish but the technological imaging tools available. In order to increase the utilisation of adult zebrafish, which are not naturally transparent, requires new imaging approaches. Therefore, this feasibility study: (1) presents an innovative designed PET/CT adult zebrafish imaging platform, capable of maintaining normal aquatic physiology during scanning; (2) assesses the practical aspects of adult zebrafish imaging; and (3) set basic procedural guidelines for zebrafish imaging during a PET/CT acquisition. Methods: With computer aided design (CAD) software an imaging platform was developed for 3D printing. A 3D printed zebrafish model was created from a CT acquisition of a zebrafish using the CAD software. This model and subsequently euthanised zebrafish were imaged post-injection using different concentrations of the radiotracer [18F]FDG with CT contrast. Results: PET/CT imaging was successful, revealing levels as low as 0.01 MBq could be detected in the fish. In the zebrafish imaging post-injection distribution of the radiotracer was observed away from the injection site as well as tissue uptake. Potential preliminary husbandry and welfare guidelines for the fish during and after PET/CT imaging were determined. Conclusion: Using PET/CT for adult zebrafish imaging as a viable non-invasive technological tool is feasible. Adult zebrafish PET/CT imaging has the potential to be a key imaging technique offering the possibilities of enhanced biomedical understanding and new translational data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Tucker
- Bioresearch & Veterinary Services (BVS) Aquatics Facility, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Collins
- Edinburgh College of Arts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Denvir
- British Heart Foundation (BHF)-Centre for Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy A. McDougald
- British Heart Foundation (BHF)-Centre for Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging, Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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5
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Joyce W, Perry SF. Hif-1α is not required for the development of cardiac adrenergic control in zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 335:623-631. [PMID: 34288573 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adrenergic regulation, acting via the sympathetic nervous system, provides a major mechanism to control cardiac function. It has recently been shown that hypoxia inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) is necessary for normal development of sympathetic innervation and control of cardiac function in the mouse. To investigate whether this may represent a fundamental trait shared across vertebrates, we assessed adrenergic regulation of the heart in wild-type and Hif-1α knockout (hif-1α -/- ) zebrafish (Danio rerio). Wild-type and hif-1α -/- zebrafish larvae (aged 4 and 7 days postfertilisation) exhibited similar routine heart rates within a given age group, and β-adrenergic receptor blockade with propranolol universally reduced heart rate to comparable levels, indicating similar adrenergic tone in both genotypes. In adult fish, in vivo heart rate measured during anaesthesia was identical between genotypes. Treatment of spontaneously beating hearts in vitro with adrenaline revealed a similar positive chronotropic effect and similar maximum heart rates in both genotypes. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry with confocal microscopy demonstrated that the bulbus arteriosus (outflow tract of the teleost heart) of adult fish was particularly well innervated by sympathetic nerves, and nerve density (as a percentage of bulbus arteriosus area) was similar between wild-types and hif-1α -/- mutants. In summary, we did not find any evidence that adrenergic cardiac control was perturbed in larval or adult zebrafish lacking Hif-1α. We conclude that Hif-1α is not essential for the normal development of cardiovascular control or adult sympathetic cardiac innervation in zebrafish, although it is possible that it plays a redundant or auxiliary role.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Joyce
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology-Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steve F Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Da Silveira Cavalcante L, Tessier SN. Zebrafish as a New Tool in Heart Preservation Research. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:39. [PMID: 33917701 PMCID: PMC8068018 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart transplantation became a reality at the end of the 1960s as a life-saving option for patients with end-stage heart failure. Static cold storage (SCS) at 4-6 °C has remained the standard for heart preservation for decades. However, SCS only allows for short-term storage that precludes optimal matching programs, requires emergency surgeries, and results in the unnecessary discard of organs. Among the alternatives seeking to extend ex vivo lifespan and mitigate the shortage of organs are sub-zero or machine perfusion modalities. Sub-zero approaches aim to prolong cold ischemia tolerance by deepening metabolic stasis, while machine perfusion aims to support metabolism through the continuous delivery of oxygen and nutrients. Each of these approaches hold promise; however, complex barriers must be overcome before their potential can be fully realized. We suggest that one barrier facing all experimental efforts to extend ex vivo lifespan are limited research tools. Mammalian models are usually the first choice due to translational aspects, yet experimentation can be restricted by expertise, time, and resources. Instead, there are instances when smaller vertebrate models, like the zebrafish, could fill critical experimental gaps in the field. Taken together, this review provides a summary of the current gold standard for heart preservation as well as new technologies in ex vivo lifespan extension. Furthermore, we describe how existing tools in zebrafish research, including isolated organ, cell specific and functional assays, as well as molecular tools, could complement and elevate heart preservation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Da Silveira Cavalcante
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 2114, USA;
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 2114, USA
| | - Shannon N. Tessier
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 2114, USA;
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 2114, USA
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7
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Abstract
Explants are three-dimensional tissue fragments maintained outside the organism. The goals of this article are to review the history of fish explant culture and discuss applications of this technique that may assist the modern zebrafish laboratory. Because most zebrafish workers do not have a background in tissue culture, the key variables of this method are deliberately explained in a general way. This is followed by a review of fish-specific explantation approaches, including presurgical husbandry, aseptic dissection technique, choice of media and additives, incubation conditions, viability assays, and imaging studies. Relevant articles since 1970 are organized in a table grouped by organ system. From these, I highlight several recent studies using explant culture to study physiological and embryological processes in teleosts, including circadian rhythms, hormonal regulation, and cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. LeClair
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Health, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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8
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Yip JK, Harrison M, Villafuerte J, Fernandez GE, Petersen AP, Lien CL, McCain ML. Extended culture and imaging of normal and regenerating adult zebrafish hearts in a fluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:274-284. [PMID: 31872200 PMCID: PMC8015799 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction and heart failure are leading causes of death worldwide, in large part because adult human myocardium has extremely limited regeneration capacity. Zebrafish are a powerful model for identifying new strategies for human cardiac repair because their hearts regenerate after relatively severe injuries. Zebrafish are also relatively scalable and compatible with many genetic tools. However, characterizing the regeneration process in live adult zebrafish hearts has proved challenging because adult fish are opaque, preventing live imaging in vivo. An alternative strategy is to explant and culture intact adult zebrafish hearts and investigate them ex vivo. However, explanted hearts maintained in conventional culture conditions experience rapid declines in morphology and physiology. To overcome these limitations, we designed and fabricated a fluidic device for culturing explanted adult zebrafish hearts with constant media perfusion that is also compatible with live imaging. We then compared the morphology and calcium activity of hearts cultured in the device, hearts cultured statically in dishes, and freshly explanted hearts. After one week of culture, hearts in the device experienced significantly less morphological degradation compared to hearts cultured in dishes. Hearts cultured in devices for one week also maintained capture rates similar to fresh hearts, unlike hearts cultured in dishes. We then cultured explanted injured hearts in the device and used live imaging techniques to continuously record the myocardial revascularization process over several days, demonstrating how our device is compatible with long-term live imaging and thereby enables unprecedented visual access to the multi-day process of adult zebrafish heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joycelyn K Yip
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Michael Harrison
- Heart Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. and The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Jessi Villafuerte
- Heart Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. and The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA and Department of Biology, California State University of San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - G Esteban Fernandez
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Andrew P Petersen
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- Heart Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. and The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA and Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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9
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Zanotty Y, Álvarez M, Perdomo L, Sánchez EE, Giron ME, Jimenez JC, Suntravat M, Guerrero B, Ibarra C, Montero Y, Medina R, Navarrete LF, Rodríguez-Acosta A. Mutacytin-1, a New C-Type Lectin-Like Protein from the Venezuelan Cuaima ( Lachesis muta muta Linnaeus, 1766) (Serpentes: Viperidae) Snake Venom Inducing Cardiotoxicity in Developing Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryos. Zebrafish 2019; 16:379-387. [PMID: 31145051 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Envenomation by the Venezuelan bushmaster snake (Lachesis muta muta) (Serpentes: Viperidae) is characterized by local and cardiac alterations. This study investigates the in vivo cardiac dysfunction, tissue destruction, and cellular processes triggered by Lachesis muta muta snake crude venom and a C-type lectin (CTL)-like toxin named Mutacytin-1 (MC-1). The 28 kDa MC-1 was obtained by molecular exclusion, ion exchange, and C-18 (checking pureness) reverse-phase chromatographies. N-terminal sequencing of the first eight amino acids (NNCPQ LLM) revealed 100% identity with Mutina (CTL-like) isolated from Lachesis stenophrys, which is a Ca2+-dependent-type galactoside-binding lectin from Bothrops jararaca and CTL BpLec from Bothrops pauloensis. The cardiotoxicity in zebrafish of MC-1 was evaluated by means of specific phenotypic expressions and larvae behavior at 5, 15, 30, 40 and 60 min post-treatment. The L. muta muta venom and MC-1 also produced heart rate/rhythm alterations, circulation modifications, and the presence of thrombus and apoptotic phenomenon with pericardial damages. Acridine orange (100 μg/mL) was used to visualize apoptosis cellular process in control and treated whole embryos. The cardiotoxic alterations happened in more than 90% of all larvae under the action of L. muta muta venom and MC-1. The findings have demonstrated the potential cardiotoxicity by L. muta muta venom, suggesting the possibility of cardiovascular damages to patients after bushmaster envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurisbeth Zanotty
- 1Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico "José Izquierdo," Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,2Sección de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto Anatómico "José Izquierdo," Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marco Álvarez
- 2Sección de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto Anatómico "José Izquierdo," Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Lourdes Perdomo
- 2Sección de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto Anatómico "José Izquierdo," Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Elda E Sánchez
- 3Department of Chemistry, National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas
| | - María E Giron
- 1Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico "José Izquierdo," Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Juan C Jimenez
- 4Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Montamas Suntravat
- 3Department of Chemistry, National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas
| | - Belsy Guerrero
- 5Laboratorio de Fisiopatología, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Carlos Ibarra
- 5Laboratorio de Fisiopatología, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Yuyibeth Montero
- 1Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico "José Izquierdo," Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rafael Medina
- 1Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico "José Izquierdo," Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luis F Navarrete
- 1Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico "José Izquierdo," Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alexis Rodríguez-Acosta
- 1Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico "José Izquierdo," Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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10
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Wan XP, Xie P, Bu Z, Zou XT, Gong DQ. Prolactin induces lipid synthesis of organ-cultured pigeon crops. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1842-1853. [PMID: 30590797 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to examine the effects of prolactin (PRL) on the lipid synthesis of organ-cultured pigeon crops in vitro. In experiment 1, the histology, activities of enzymes, and expression of genes involved in metabolism and apoptosis of organ-cultured pigeon crops were analyzed over a 7-d culture period. The results showed that cultured crops maintained their structural integrity for up to 3 d in vitro. Beyond 3 d, caspase-3 activity and Bak1 gene expression increased with day of culture, whereas the activities of succinate dehydrogenase, Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, total ATPase, and gene expression of Bcl-2 and CK-19 diminished (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, the crops were cultured for 24, 36, and 48 h in medium containing 0, 25, or 50 ng/mL PRL, respectively, and the accumulation of lipid droplets, lipid content, and expression of fatty acid transportation- and lipogenesis-related genes were analyzed. The results showed that the crops with PRL supplements showed higher amounts of lipid droplets than those of the controls, and the droplets were mainly located in the basal nutritive layer in response to PRL. The efficacy of inducing lipid accumulation increased as the concentration of PRL increased. Crops with 50 ng/mL PRL incubated for 36 h displayed the maximal lipid content. Increasing the concentration of PRL from 0 to 50 ng/mL resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid translocase, fatty acid binding protein 5, acyl-CoA binding protein, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ genes after incubation for 36 h (P < 0.05). Therefore, our results indicated that the organ-cultured pigeon crops maintained good viability for up to 3 d in vitro. Furthermore, PRL induced the lipid synthesis of organ-cultured pigeon crops in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was related to the increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid transportation and lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Wan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - P Xie
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Z Bu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - X T Zou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D Q Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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11
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Rastgar S, Alijani Ardeshir R, Movahedinia A, Zabihi E, Salati AP, Salamat N. Spontaneously contracting cell aggregates derived from grass carp heart as a promising tool in in vitro heart research. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:261-266. [PMID: 30600462 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarding challenges in isolation and maintenance of cultured heart cells, introduction of new in vitro heart model that is stable and exhibits long-term spontaneously contracting cell aggregates (SCCs), whose electrophysiological properties are comparable to the human heart, is required. This research aimed to establish cardiac primary cells and to evaluate the effects of culture conditions. Also the effect of fish age on beating SCC and cardiac cell morphology were studied. Twelve healthy grass carps (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were divided into four groups based on their age. Non-enzymatic explant culture was used and heart explants were incubated at 21-31 °C for 60 days. After proliferation of the cardiac primary cells, changes in their morphology and their beatings were recorded. The results showed that the explants derived from different age of grass carp fish are fully viable and proliferative with formation of SCC for a long period of time. By increasing the number of adhered cells, the cardiac primary cells became more flat and elongated. Increasing the medium temperature and fetal bovine serum concentration in culture medium led to decline and enhancement in beat frequencies of heart cell aggregates, respectively. Also, grass carp heart explant had high potential in regeneration (especially in young fish) and thus high feasibility to generate stable long-term cultures. In general, it seems that explant culture of heart from grass carp can be considered as a promising tool in heart research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rastgar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, P.O. Box 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Rashid Alijani Ardeshir
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, P.O. Box 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Abdolali Movahedinia
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, P.O. Box 669, Khorramshahr, Iran.,Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zabihi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Amir Parviz Salati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, P.O. Box 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Negin Salamat
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, P.O. Box 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
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12
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Motamedi M, Shamsaldini F, Teimori A, Hesni MA. Histomicroscopy and normal anatomy of the adult killifish
Aphanius hormuzensis
(Teleostei; Aphaniidae) from the Persian Gulf coastal environment. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:466-480. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Motamedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesShahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shamsaldini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesShahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
| | - Azad Teimori
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesShahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
| | - Majid Askari Hesni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesShahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
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13
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Noguera P, Collet B, Klinger M, Örün H, Del Pozo J. Use of Salmon Cardiac Primary Cultures (SCPCs) of different genotypes for comparative kinetics of mx expression, viral load and ultrastructure pathology, after infection with Salmon Pancreas Disease Virus (SPDV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:181-186. [PMID: 29102629 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro fish based models have been extensively applied in human biomedical research but, paradoxically, less frequently in the research of fish health issues. Farmed Atlantic salmon can suffer from several viral conditions affecting the heart. Therefore, species-specific, cardiac in vitro models may represent a useful tool to help further understanding and management of these diseases. The mechanisms underlying genotype based resistance are complex and usually rely on a combined effect of elements from both the innate and adaptive immune response, which are further complicated by external environmental factors. Here we propose that Salmon Cardiac Primary Cultures (SCPCs) are a useful tool to investigate these mechanisms as the basis for genotypic differences between Atlantic salmon families in susceptibility to cardiotropic viral disease. Using SCPCs produced from two different commercially available Atlantic salmon embryonated ova (Atlantic Ova IPN sensitive" (S) and "Atlantic QTL-innOva® IPN/PD" (R)), the influence of host genotype on the viral load and mx expression following Salmon Pancreas Disease Virus infection was assessed over a 15 day period. Both R and S SCPCs groups were successfully infected. A measurable difference between groups of viral nsP1 and host antiviral mx gene expression was observed (i.e. a later, but larger onset of mx expression in the R group). Mx expression peaks were followed by a decrease in viral nsP1 in both groups. Additionally, ultrastructural examination of infected SCPCs allowed the description of degenerative changes at the individual cell level. The SCPC model presents some advantages, over current fish cell culture monolayers and in vivo material, such as the presence of different cell components normally present in the target organ, as well as the removal of a layer of functional complexity (acquired immunity), making it possible to focus on tissue specific, early innate immune mechanisms. These preliminary results highlight the importance of considering genetic origin when selecting the fish source for the production of SCPCs, as well as their usefulness as screening tools for assessment of genotypic differences in disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Noguera
- Aquaculture and Marine Environment, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Bertrand Collet
- Aquaculture and Marine Environment, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Hristo Örün
- Institut für Anatomie, University Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jorge Del Pozo
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Williams TA, Bergstrome JC, Scott J, Bernier NJ. CRF and urocortin 3 protect the heart from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in zebrafish. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R91-R100. [PMID: 28539353 PMCID: PMC5582954 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00045.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fish routinely experience environmental hypoxia and have evolved various strategies to tolerate this challenge. Given the key role of the CRF system in coordinating the response to stressors and its cardioprotective actions against ischemia in mammals, we sought to characterize the cardiac CRF system in zebrafish and its role in hypoxia tolerance. We established that all genes of the CRF system, the ligands CRFa, CRFb, urotensin 1 (UTS1), and urocortin 3 (UCN3); the two receptor subtypes (CRFR1 and CRFR2); and the binding protein (CRFBP) are expressed in the heart of zebrafish: crfr1 > crfr2 = crfbp > crfa > ucn3 > crfb > uts1 In vivo, exposure to 5% O2 saturation for 15 min and 90 min of recovery resulted in four- to five-fold increases in whole heart crfb and ucn3 mRNA levels but did not affect the gene expression of other CRF system components. In vitro, as assessed by monitoring caspase 3 activity and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells, pretreatment of excised whole hearts with CRF or UCN3 for 30 min prevented the increase in apoptosis associated with exposure to 1% O2 saturation for 30 min with a 24-h recovery. Lastly, the addition of the nonselective CRF receptor antagonist αh-CRF(9-41) prevented the cytoprotective effects of CRF. We show that the CRF system is expressed in fish heart, is upregulated by hypoxia, and is cytoprotective. These findings identify a novel role for the CRF system in fish and a new strategy to tolerate hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan A Williams
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jillian C Bergstrome
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juliana Scott
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Bernier
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Zeng WR, Beh SJ, Bryson-Richardson RJ, Doran PM. Production of zebrafish cardiospheres and cardiac progenitor cells in vitro and three-dimensional culture of adult zebrafish cardiac tissue in scaffolds. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2142-2148. [PMID: 28475237 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The hearts of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) are capable of complete regeneration in vivo even after major injury, making this species of particular interest for understanding the growth and differentiation processes required for cardiac tissue engineering. To date, little research has been carried out on in vitro culture of adult zebrafish cardiac cells. In this work, progenitor-rich cardiospheres suitable for cardiomyocyte differentiation and myocardial regeneration were produced from adult zebrafish hearts. The cardiospheres contained a mixed population of c-kit+ and Mef2c+ cells; proliferative peripheral cells of possible mesenchymal lineage were also observed. Cellular outgrowth from cardiac explants and cardiospheres was enhanced significantly using conditioned medium harvested from cultures of a rainbow trout cell line, suggesting that fish-specific trophic factors are required for zebrafish cardiac cell expansion. Three-dimensional culture of zebrafish heart cells in fibrous polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds was carried out under dynamic fluid flow conditions. High levels of cell viability and cardiomyocyte differentiation were maintained within the scaffolds. Expression of cardiac troponin T, a marker of differentiated cardiomyocytes, increased during the first 7 days of scaffold culture; after 15 days, premature disintegration of the biodegradable scaffolds led to cell detachment and a decline in differentiation status. This work expands our technical capabilities for three-dimensional zebrafish cardiac cell culture with potential applications in tissue engineering, drug and toxicology screening, and ontogeny research. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2142-2148. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R Zeng
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Siew-Joo Beh
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | | | - Pauline M Doran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia
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16
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Zuppinger C. Edge-Detection for Contractility Measurements with Cardiac Spheroids. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6661-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Stoyek MR, Quinn TA, Croll RP, Smith FM. Zebrafish heart as a model to study the integrative autonomic control of pacemaker function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H676-88. [PMID: 27342878 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00330.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac pacemaker sets the heart's primary rate, with pacemaker discharge controlled by the autonomic nervous system through intracardiac ganglia. A fundamental issue in understanding the relationship between neural activity and cardiac chronotropy is the identification of neuronal populations that control pacemaker cells. To date, most studies of neurocardiac control have been done in mammalian species, where neurons are embedded in and distributed throughout the heart, so they are largely inaccessible for whole-organ, integrative studies. Here, we establish the isolated, innervated zebrafish heart as a novel alternative model for studies of autonomic control of heart rate. Stimulation of individual cardiac vagosympathetic nerve trunks evoked bradycardia (parasympathetic activation) and tachycardia (sympathetic activation). Simultaneous stimulation of both vagosympathetic nerve trunks evoked a summative effect. Effects of nerve stimulation were mimicked by direct application of cholinergic and adrenergic agents. Optical mapping of electrical activity confirmed the sinoatrial region as the site of origin of normal pacemaker activity and identified a secondary pacemaker in the atrioventricular region. Strong vagosympathetic nerve stimulation resulted in a shift in the origin of initial excitation from the sinoatrial pacemaker to the atrioventricular pacemaker. Putative pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular regions expressed adrenergic β2 and cholinergic muscarinic type 2 receptors. Collectively, we have demonstrated that the zebrafish heart contains the accepted hallmarks of vertebrate cardiac control, establishing this preparation as a viable model for studies of integrative physiological control of cardiac function by intracardiac neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Stoyek
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; and
| | - T Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Roger P Croll
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Frank M Smith
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; and
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18
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Brönnimann D, Djukic T, Triet R, Dellenbach C, Saveljic I, Rieger M, Rohr S, Filipovic N, Djonov V. Pharmacological Modulation of Hemodynamics in Adult Zebrafish In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150948. [PMID: 26967155 PMCID: PMC4788458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hemodynamic parameters in zebrafish receive increasing attention because of their important role in cardiovascular processes such as atherosclerosis, hematopoiesis, sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis. To study underlying mechanisms, the precise modulation of parameters like blood flow velocity or shear stress is centrally important. Questions related to blood flow have been addressed in the past in either embryonic or ex vivo-zebrafish models but little information is available for adult animals. Here we describe a pharmacological approach to modulate cardiac and hemodynamic parameters in adult zebrafish in vivo. Materials and Methods Adult zebrafish were paralyzed and orally perfused with salt water. The drugs isoprenaline and sodium nitroprusside were directly applied with the perfusate, thus closely resembling the preferred method for drug delivery in zebrafish, namely within the water. Drug effects on the heart and on blood flow in the submental vein were studied using electrocardiograms, in vivo-microscopy and mathematical flow simulations. Results Under control conditions, heart rate, blood flow velocity and shear stress varied less than ± 5%. Maximal chronotropic effects of isoprenaline were achieved at a concentration of 50 μmol/L, where it increased the heart rate by 22.6 ± 1.3% (n = 4; p < 0.0001). Blood flow velocity and shear stress in the submental vein were not significantly increased. Sodium nitroprusside at 1 mmol/L did not alter the heart rate but increased blood flow velocity by 110.46 ± 19.64% (p = 0.01) and shear stress by 117.96 ± 23.65% (n = 9; p = 0.03). Discussion In this study, we demonstrate that cardiac and hemodynamic parameters in adult zebrafish can be efficiently modulated by isoprenaline and sodium nitroprusside. Together with the suitability of the zebrafish for in vivo-microscopy and genetic modifications, the methodology described permits studying biological processes that are dependent on hemodynamic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brönnimann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tijana Djukic
- BioIRC R&D Bioengineering Center, Prvoslava Stojanovica 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjic 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ramona Triet
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Dellenbach
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Igor Saveljic
- BioIRC R&D Bioengineering Center, Prvoslava Stojanovica 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjic 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Michael Rieger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Rohr
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Filipovic
- BioIRC R&D Bioengineering Center, Prvoslava Stojanovica 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjic 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, United States of America
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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19
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Bednarek D, González-Rosa JM, Guzmán-Martínez G, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Ó, Aguado T, Sánchez-Ferrer C, Marques IJ, Galardi-Castilla M, de Diego I, Gómez MJ, Cortés A, Zapata A, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Mercader N, Flores I. Telomerase Is Essential for Zebrafish Heart Regeneration. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1691-703. [PMID: 26321646 PMCID: PMC4589159 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction in humans, lost cardiomyocytes are replaced by an irreversible fibrotic scar. In contrast, zebrafish hearts efficiently regenerate after injury. Complete regeneration of the zebrafish heart is driven by the strong proliferation response of its cardiomyocytes to injury. Here we show that, after cardiac injury in zebrafish, telomerase becomes hyperactivated, and telomeres elongate transiently, preceding a peak of cardiomyocyte proliferation and full organ recovery. Using a telomerase-mutant zebrafish model, we found that telomerase loss drastically decreases cardiomyocyte proliferation and fibrotic tissue regression after cryoinjury and that cardiac function does not recover. The impaired cardiomyocyte proliferation response is accompanied by the absence of cardiomyocytes with long telomeres and an increased proportion of cardiomyocytes showing DNA damage and senescence characteristics. These findings demonstrate the importance of telomerase function in heart regeneration and highlight the potential of telomerase therapy as a means of stimulating cell proliferation upon myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bednarek
- Regeneration and Aging Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel González-Rosa
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Guzmán-Martínez
- Cardiovascular Imaging in Humans, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Regeneration and Aging Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Aguado
- Regeneration and Aging Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Sánchez-Ferrer
- Regeneration and Aging Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inês João Marques
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Galardi-Castilla
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene de Diego
- Regeneration and Aging Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel José Gómez
- Bioinformatic Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cortés
- Electron Microscopy Center, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Agustín Zapata
- Electron Microscopy Center, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- Cardiovascular Imaging in Humans, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Flores
- Regeneration and Aging Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Haustein M, Hannes T, Trieschmann J, Verhaegh R, Köster A, Hescheler J, Brockmeier K, Adelmann R, Khalil M. Excitation-contraction coupling in zebrafish ventricular myocardium is regulated by trans-sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125654. [PMID: 25938412 PMCID: PMC4418605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become a popular model in cardiovascular research mainly due to identification of a large number of mutants with structural defects. In recent years, cardiomyopathies and other diseases influencing contractility of the heart have been studied in zebrafish mutants. However, little is known about the regulation of contractility of the zebrafish heart on a tissue level. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of trans-sarcolemmal Ca2+-flux and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-release in zebrafish myocardium. Using isometric force measurements of fresh heart slices, we characterised the effects of changes of the extracellular Ca2+-concentration, trans-sarcolemmal Ca2+-flux via L-type Ca2+-channels and Na+-Ca2+-exchanger, and Ca2+-release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum as well as beating frequency and β-adrenergic stimulation on contractility of adult zebrafish myocardium. We found an overall negative force-frequency relationship (FFR). Inhibition of L-type Ca2+-channels by verapamil (1 μM) decreased force of contraction to 22±7% compared to baseline (n=4, p<0.05). Ni2+ was the only substance to prolong relaxation (5 mM, time after peak to 50% relaxation: 73±3 ms vs. 101±8 ms, n=5, p<0.05). Surprisingly though, inhibition of the sarcoplasmic Ca2+-release decreased force development to 54±3% in ventricular (n=13, p<0.05) and to 52±8% in atrial myocardium (n=5, p<0.05) suggesting a substantial role of SR Ca2+-release in force generation. In line with this finding, we observed significant post pause potentiation after pauses of 5 s (169±7% force compared to baseline, n=8, p<0.05) and 10 s (198±9% force compared to baseline, n=5, p<0.05) and mildly positive lusitropy after β-adrenergic stimulation. In conclusion, force development in adult zebrafish ventricular myocardium requires not only trans-sarcolemmal Ca2+-flux, but also intact sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-cycling. In contrast to mammals, FFR is strongly negative in the zebrafish heart. These aspects need to be considered when using zebrafish to model human diseases of myocardial contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Haustein
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Cologne Heart Centre, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Tobias Hannes
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Cologne Heart Centre, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan Trieschmann
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Rabea Verhaegh
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Annette Köster
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Konrad Brockmeier
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Cologne Heart Centre, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Roland Adelmann
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Cologne Heart Centre, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Markus Khalil
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
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21
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Chen J. Cardiac toxicity by sublethal 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin correlates with its anti-proliferation effect on cardiomyocytes in zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:420-428. [PMID: 25477153 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac toxicity of zebrafish embryos in response to the lethal dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been well characterized. Dioxin contamination levels in nature are usually lower, however, and sublethal TCDD toxicity is less investigated. The present study found that the nonlethal doses of TCDD for 72-h-postfertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos were 25 pg/mL and lower. For the present study, sublethal TCDD concentrations of 10 pg/mL and 25 pg/mL were selected, and their toxicity was then characterized. The results showed that embryos still exhibited acute and subchronic cardiac toxicity at these 2 dosages. The stroke volume and cardiac output of these embryos significantly declined early until 8 d postexposure. Embryos' heart size became smaller, and the hearts contained fewer cardiomyocytes per heart, with decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation. Apoptosis was not detected either in the TCDD-treated or the control hearts. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that the transcription of a battery of cell-cycle-related genes was suppressed within the sublethal TCDD-treated heart. In contrast, embryonic jaw development seemed not to be affected. The present study suggests that dioxin contamination, even at lower levels, might lead to cardiac toxicity in fish embryos. Such cardiac toxicity presents as disrupted normal heart function, originating from the anti-proliferative effect of sublethal TCDD on cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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