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Dong X, Stokes MF, Hendry AP, Larsen LG, Dolby GA. Geo-evolutionary feedbacks: integrating rapid evolution and landscape change. Trends Ecol Evol 2024:S0169-5347(24)00119-8. [PMID: 38862356 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We develop a conceptual framework for geo-evolutionary feedbacks which describes the mutual interplay between landscape change and the evolution of traits of organisms residing on the landscape, with an emphasis on contemporary timeframes. Geo-evolutionary feedbacks can be realized via the direct evolution of geomorphic engineering traits or can be mediated by the evolution of trait variation that affects the population size and distribution of the specific geomorphic engineering organisms involved. Organisms that modify their local environments provide the basis for patch-scale geo-evolutionary feedbacks, whereas spatial self-organization provides a mechanism for geo-evolutionary feedbacks at the landscape scale. Understanding these likely prevalent geo-evolutionary feedbacks, that occur at timescales similar to anthropogenic climate change, will be essential to better predict landscape adaptive capacity and change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Maya F Stokes
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurel G Larsen
- Department of Geography and Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Greer A Dolby
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
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2
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Sting R, Pölzelbauer C, Eisenberg T, Bonke R, Blazey B, Peters M, Riße K, Sing A, Berger A, Dangel A, Rau J. Corynebacterium ulcerans Infections in Eurasian Beavers ( Castor fiber). Pathogens 2023; 12:979. [PMID: 37623939 PMCID: PMC10459376 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) has been reintroduced successfully in Germany since the 1990s. Since wildlife is an important source of zoonotic infectious diseases, monitoring of invasive and reintroduced species is crucial with respect to the One Health approach. Three Eurasian beavers were found dead in the German federal states of Bavaria, North Rhine-Westphalia and Baden-Wuerttemberg in 2015, 2021 and 2022, respectively. During post-mortem examinations, Corynebacterium (C.) ulcerans could be isolated from the abscesses of two beavers and from the lungs of one of the animals. Identification of the bacterial isolates at the species level was carried out by spectroscopic analysis using MALDI-TOF MS, FT-IR and biochemical profiles and were verified by molecular analysis based on 16-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. Molecular characterization of the C. ulcerans isolates using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed a genome size of about 2.5 Mbp and a GC content of 53.4%. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis classified all three isolates as the sequence type ST-332. A minimum spanning tree (MST) based on cgMLST allelic profiles, including 1211 core genes of the sequenced C. ulcerans isolates, showed that the beaver-derived isolates clearly group on the branch of C. ulcerans with the closest relationship to each other, in close similarity to an isolate from a dog. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance to clindamycin and, in one strain, to erythromycin according to EUCAST, while all isolates were susceptible to the other antimicrobials tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Sting
- Chemical and Veterinary Analysis Agency (CVUA) Stuttgart, 70736 Fellbach, Germany; (C.P.); (B.B.); (J.R.)
- Consiliary Laboratory for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (DVG), 70736 Fellbach, Germany
| | - Catharina Pölzelbauer
- Chemical and Veterinary Analysis Agency (CVUA) Stuttgart, 70736 Fellbach, Germany; (C.P.); (B.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), 35392 Giessen, Germany; (T.E.); (R.B.); (K.R.)
| | - Rebecca Bonke
- Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), 35392 Giessen, Germany; (T.E.); (R.B.); (K.R.)
| | - Birgit Blazey
- Chemical and Veterinary Analysis Agency (CVUA) Stuttgart, 70736 Fellbach, Germany; (C.P.); (B.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office Westfalen, 59821 Arnsberg, Germany;
| | - Karin Riße
- Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), 35392 Giessen, Germany; (T.E.); (R.B.); (K.R.)
| | - Andreas Sing
- Germany National Consiliary Laboratory for Diphtheria, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Anja Berger
- Germany National Consiliary Laboratory for Diphtheria, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexandra Dangel
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany;
| | - Jörg Rau
- Chemical and Veterinary Analysis Agency (CVUA) Stuttgart, 70736 Fellbach, Germany; (C.P.); (B.B.); (J.R.)
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3
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Barros T, Fernandes JM, Ferreira E, Carvalho J, Valldeperes M, Lavín S, Fonseca C, Ruiz-Olmo J, Serrano E. Genetic signature of blind reintroductions of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) in Catalonia, Northeast Spain. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269873. [PMID: 36129880 PMCID: PMC9491545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Iberian ibex is one of the most singular species of the Iberian Peninsula. Throughout the years, this species suffered several threats which led the population to its decline. Many reintroductions and translocations were made, however, none of those actions took into account the genetic patterns of both reintroduced individuals and the target populations. In this paper, we explored the genetic traits of three populations of Iberian ibex in Catalonia, which experienced blind reintroductions in past years: The populations of Iberian ibex from Els Ports de Tortosa i Beseit National Game Reserve (TBNGR), Montserrat Natural Park (Monserrat) and Montgrí, les Illes Medes i el Baix Ter Natural Park (Montgrí) Based on the genetic patterns of the three populations coupled with the absence of genetic introgression with domestic goats–inferred using mitochondrial and nuclear markers–we propose that these should be regarded as two different management units: TBNGR coupled with Montserrat, and Montgrí. Montserrat population should be targeted as a population model for ecology and evolution studies. Although we did not detect evidences of recent bottleneck events, this population seems to be monomorphic for the mtDNA haplotype. Our results suggest that the blind reintroductions from TBNGR to Montserrat failed on maximizing the genetic diversity of the latter. We enhance the importance of genetic monitoring of both the source population and the selected individuals to be re-introduced. We conclude that the three studied population of Iberian ibex must be monitored to explore which strategy would be advantageous for maintaining the genetic diversity. On the other hand, TBNGR should be monitored to assess the existence of its singular genetic variation, where stochastic events could preserve this lost genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Barros
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar) Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Joana M. Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar) Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar) Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar) Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- Dept Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Facultat de Veterinària, Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) Servei d’ Ecopatologia de Fauna (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, España
| | - Marta Valldeperes
- Dept Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Facultat de Veterinària, Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) Servei d’ Ecopatologia de Fauna (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, España
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Dept Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Facultat de Veterinària, Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) Servei d’ Ecopatologia de Fauna (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, España
| | - Carlos Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar) Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- ForestWISE—Collaborative Laboratory for Integrated Forest & Fire Management, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jordi Ruiz-Olmo
- Dirección General de Ecosistemas Forestales y Gestión del Medio (DARP), Barcelona, España
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Dept Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Facultat de Veterinària, Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) Servei d’ Ecopatologia de Fauna (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, España
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universitá di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
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Helminth fauna of the Eurasian beaver in the Czech Republic with remarks on the genetic diversity of specialist Stichorchis subtriquetrus (Digenea: Cladorchiidae). Parasitol Res 2022; 121:633-644. [PMID: 35076776 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) is a well-established faunal element in the Czech Republic, even though, historically, its populations were almost eradicated in this region. Nowadays, its distribution and population density are well monitored; nonetheless, the beaver's parasites, as potential threats to the environment, are often neglected in wildlife management. Therefore, we investigated the endoparasitic helminth diversity of 15 beaver individuals from three collection sites in the Czech Republic. Three parasite species were collected: Stichorchis subtriquetrus (Digenea), Travassosius rufus, and Calodium hepaticum (Nematoda), of which the two nematode species were reported for the first time from C. fiber in the Czech Republic. The highest prevalence and intensity of infection were observed in S. subtriquetrus (P = 93%, I = 1-138), while the two other species were collected only from one beaver individual. Subsequent analysis of the genetic diversity of the specimens using highly variable genetic markers revealed a weak population structure among the individuals collected from different beaver hosts. There was only a weak association of COI haplotypes with geography, as the haplotypes from the Berounka basin formed homogeneous groups, and individuals from the Dyje basin and Morava partially shared a haplotype. Even though common population genetic markers (i.e., microsatellites) did not reveal any structure in the hosts, our results suggest that the genetic diversity of their parasites may shed more light on population partition and the historical migration routes of Eurasian beavers.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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6
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Sobkowiak M, Kochan JI, Kruszyński W. Assessing the efficiency of using passive hair traps as a method for non-invasive sampling from European beavers (Castor fiber L.). JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.21053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sobkowiak
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Department of Genetic, Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: , ,
| | - Joanna I. Kochan
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Department of Genetic, Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: , ,
| | - Wojciech Kruszyński
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Department of Genetic, Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: , ,
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Fedorca A, Ciocirlan E, Pasca C, Fedorca M, Gridan A, Ionescu G. Genetic structure of Eurasian beaver in Romania: insights after two decades from the reintroduction. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOnce exploited for fur, meat, and extracting the yellowish exudate called castoreum, the Eurasian beaver disappeared from Romania during the eighteenth century. After, the reintroductions carried out two decades ago are currently thriving in the Danube River basin. Using nine nSSR markers, we analysed samples from 98 individuals, and we found no genetic substructure, suggesting high dispersal and gene flow capabilities. The stepwise mutation model (SMM) indicated the existence of a recent genetic bottleneck, though the Eurasian beaver retains high levels of genetic diversity and population growth facilitated variation in nSSR loci. A fine-scale spatial correlation in females was detected, contrasting with males’ dispersal on longer distances. While the movement and establishment of individuals’ new territories were made under natural predation pressure, the mix following natural expansion improved the fitness and could contribute to a higher genetic diversity than the source population. With any reintroduction, a focus on capturing individuals from various geographic origins, as well as securing many and suitable founding individuals (adults, subadults, and juveniles) with mixed origins, could secure the post-genetic bottleneck recovery and higher genetic diversity. Beyond this conservation success, future management strategies should consider building a National Action Plan (NAP) for the species, including a permanent genetic monitoring programme for Eurasian beaver.
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Iso-Touru T, Tabell J, Virta A, Kauhala K. A non-invasive, DNA-based method for beaver species identification in Finland. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terhi Iso-Touru
- T. Iso-Touru (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8258-9047) ✉ , J. Tabell, A. Virta and K. Kauhala, Natural Resources Inst. Finland (Luke), Finland
| | - Jonna Tabell
- T. Iso-Touru (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8258-9047) ✉ , J. Tabell, A. Virta and K. Kauhala, Natural Resources Inst. Finland (Luke), Finland
| | - Anneli Virta
- T. Iso-Touru (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8258-9047) ✉ , J. Tabell, A. Virta and K. Kauhala, Natural Resources Inst. Finland (Luke), Finland
| | - Kaarina Kauhala
- T. Iso-Touru (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8258-9047) ✉ , J. Tabell, A. Virta and K. Kauhala, Natural Resources Inst. Finland (Luke), Finland
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9
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Campbell-Palmer R, Senn H, Girling S, Pizzi R, Elliott M, Gaywood M, Rosell F. Beaver genetic surveillance in Britain. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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10
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Parker LD, Hawkins MTR, Camacho-Sanchez M, Campana MG, West-Roberts JA, Wilbert TR, Lim HC, Rockwood LL, Leonard JA, Maldonado JE. Little genetic structure in a Bornean endemic small mammal across a steep ecological gradient. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4074-4090. [PMID: 32911576 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Janzen's influential "mountain passes are higher in the tropics" hypothesis predicts restricted gene flow and genetic isolation among populations spanning elevational gradients in the tropics. Few studies have tested this prediction, and studies that focus on population genetic structure in Southeast Asia are particularly underrepresented in the literature. Here, we test the hypothesis that mountain treeshrews (Tupaia montana) exhibit limited dispersal across their broad elevational range which spans ~2,300 m on two peaks in Kinabalu National Park (KNP) in Borneo: Mt Tambuyukon (MT) and Mt Kinabalu (MK). We sampled 83 individuals across elevations on both peaks and performed population genomics analyses on mitogenomes and single nucleotide polymorphisms from 4,106 ultraconserved element loci. We detected weak genetic structure and infer gene flow both across elevations and between peaks. We found higher genetic differentiation on MT than MK despite its lower elevation and associated environmental variation. This implies that, contrary to our hypothesis, genetic structure in this system is not primarily shaped by elevation. We propose that this pattern may instead be the result of historical processes and limited upslope gene flow on MT. Importantly, our results serve as a foundational estimate of genetic diversity and population structure from which to track potential future effects of climate change on mountain treeshrews in KNP, an important conservation stronghold for the mountain treeshrew and other montane species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian D Parker
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA.,School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Melissa T R Hawkins
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Mammals, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Miguel Camacho-Sanchez
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Michael G Campana
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA.,School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jacob A West-Roberts
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tammy R Wilbert
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Haw Chuan Lim
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA.,School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Larry L Rockwood
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Leonard
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús E Maldonado
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA.,School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Lansink GMJ, Esparza-Salas R, Joensuu M, Koskela A, Bujnáková D, Kleven O, Flagstad Ø, Ollila T, Kojola I, Aspi J, Kvist L. Population genetics of the wolverine in Finland: the road to recovery? CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAfter decades, even centuries of persecution, large carnivore populations are widely recovering in Europe. Considering the recent recovery of the wolverine (Gulo gulo) in Finland, our aim was to evaluate genetic variation using 14 microsatellites and mtDNA control region (579 bp) in order (1) to determine whether the species is represented by a single genetic population within Finland, (2) to quantify the genetic diversity, and (3) to estimate the effective population size. We found two major genetic clusters divided between eastern and northern Finland based on microsatellites (FST = 0.100) but also a significant pattern of isolation by distance. Wolverines in western Finland had a genetic signature similar to the northern cluster, which can be explained by former translocations of wolverines from northern to western Finland. For both main clusters, most estimates of the effective population size Ne were below 50. Nevertheless, the genetic diversity was higher in the eastern cluster (HE = 0.57, AR = 4.0, AP = 0.3) than in the northern cluster (HE = 0.49, AR = 3.7, AP = 0.1). Migration between the clusters was low. Two mtDNA haplotypes were found: one common and identical to Scandinavian wolverines; the other rare and not previously detected. The rare haplotype was more prominent in the eastern genetic cluster. Combining all available data, we infer that the genetic population structure within Finland is shaped by a recent bottleneck, isolation by distance, human-aided translocations and postglacial recolonization routes.
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Low genetic polymorphism in the re-introduced Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) population in Finland: implications for conservation. MAMMAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-020-00487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Reduction of genetic diversity can lead to reduced fitness of species, such as the loss of adaptability to changing environments. The native Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) was hunted to extinction from Finland and many other countries in Europe in the nineteenth century. In Finland, the species was re-introduced in the 1930s with only a few individuals from Norway. Re-introductions were performed also in other countries of northern Europe and as a result, Eurasian beaver populations have undergone population bottlenecks leading to low levels of genetic diversity.
Materials and Methods
Here, 200 Eurasian beaver samples from Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Russian Karelia were investigated using 12 microsatellite markers to examine the level of genetic diversity and relationship between the populations.
Results
While Russian and Estonian populations were genetically the closest, the Finnish population was clearly distinct from all others and had the lowest genetic variability among the study populations. This may be deleterious to the population especially in a changing environment.
Conclusions
Genetic rescue could be the best solution to increase the genetic diversity and improve the future prospects of the population, although more studies are required to resolve the optimal source population.
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Genome-Wide SNP discovery and genomic characterization in avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Sci Rep 2019; 9:20137. [PMID: 31882769 PMCID: PMC6934854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern crop breeding is based on the use of genetically and phenotypically diverse plant material and, consequently, a proper understanding of population structure and genetic diversity is essential for the effective development of breeding programs. An example is avocado, a woody perennial fruit crop native to Mesoamerica with an increasing popularity worldwide. Despite its commercial success, there are important gaps in the molecular tools available to support on-going avocado breeding programs. In order to fill this gap, in this study, an avocado 'Hass' draft assembly was developed and used as reference to study 71 avocado accessions which represent the three traditionally recognized avocado horticultural races or subspecies (Mexican, Guatemalan and West Indian). An average of 5.72 M reads per individual and a total of 7,108 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were produced for the 71 accessions analyzed. These molecular markers were used in a study of genetic diversity and population structure. The results broadly separate the accessions studied according to their botanical race in four main groups: Mexican, Guatemalan, West Indian and an additional group of Guatemalan × Mexican hybrids. The high number of SNP markers developed in this study will be a useful genomic resource for the avocado community.
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Petrosyan VG, Golubkov VV, Zavyalov NA, Khlyap LA, Dergunova NN, Osipov FA. Modelling of competitive interactions between native Eurasian (Castor fiber) and alien North American (Castor сanadensis) beavers based on long-term monitoring data (1934–2015). Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Mühldorfer K, Rau J, Fawzy A, Heydel C, Glaeser SP, van der Linden M, Kutzer P, Knauf-Witzens T, Hanczaruk M, Eckert AS, Eisenberg T. Streptococcus castoreus, an uncommon group A Streptococcus in beavers. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:1663-1673. [PMID: 31250158 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus castoreus is a rarely encountered beta-haemolytic group A Streptococcus with high tropism for the beaver as host. Based on 27 field isolates under study, evidence strongly suggests that S. castoreus behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in beavers. Although it belongs to the resident mucosal microbiota, this Streptococcus species is associated with purulent lesions in diseased animals. With few exceptions, isolates proved to be highly similar in a panel of phenotypic (including biochemistry, resistance pattern, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy) and classic molecular (16S rRNA and sodA gene) analyses, and thus did not show any specific pattern according to host species or spatio-temporal origin. Conversely, S. castoreus isolates were differentiated into a multitude of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 'pulsotypes' that did not seem to reflect true epidemiologic lineages. In contrast, single reactions of genomic fingerprinting using BOX-, (GTG)5- and RAPD-PCRs revealed at least subclusters with respect to host species, geographic origin or year, and confirmed the co-colonization of individuals with more than one isolate. In addition to isolates from free-ranging Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber), this study includes S. castoreus from captive North American beavers (Castor canadensis) for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Mühldorfer
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jörg Rau
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigations Office Stuttgart, Schaflandstraße 3/2, 70736, Fellbach, Germany
| | - Ahmad Fawzy
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, 12211, Egypt
- Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), Schubertstr. 60, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Heydel
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 85-89, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P Glaeser
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mark van der Linden
- German National Reference Center for Streptococci, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Kutzer
- Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg, Gerhard-Neumann-Straße 2, 15236, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Tobias Knauf-Witzens
- Wilhelma - Zoological and Botanical Gardens, Wilhelma 13, 70342, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Hanczaruk
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Anna Sophie Eckert
- Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), Schubertstr. 60, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), Schubertstr. 60, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 85-89, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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16
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Lipka A, Paukszto L, Majewska M, Jastrzebski JP, Panasiewicz G, Szafranska B. De novo characterization of placental transcriptome in the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.). Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 19:421-435. [PMID: 30778795 PMCID: PMC6456477 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our pioneering data provide the first comprehensive view of placental transcriptome of the beaver during single and multiple gestation. RNA-Seq and a de novo approach allowed global pattern identification of C. fiber placental transcriptome. Non-redundant beaver transcriptome comprised 211,802,336 nt of placental transcripts, grouped into 128,459 contigs and clustered into 83,951 unigenes. An Ensembl database search revealed 14,487, 14,994, 15,004, 15,267 and 15,892 non-redundant homologs for Ictidomys tridecemlineatus, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Homo sapiens and Castor canadensis, respectively. Due to expression levels, the identified transcripts were divided into two sets: non-redundant and highly expressed (FPKM > 2 in at least three examined samples), analysed simultaneously. Among 17,009 highly expressed transcripts, 12,147 had BLASTx hits. GO annotations (175,882) were found for 4301 transcripts that were assigned to biological process (16,386), cellular component (9149) and molecular function (8338) categories; 666 unigenes were also classified into 122 KEGG pathways. Comprehensive analyses were performed for 411 and 3078 highly expressed transcripts annotated with a list of processes linked to ‘placenta’ (31 GO terms) or ‘embryo’ (324 GO terms), respectively. Among transcripts with entire CDS annotation, 281 (placenta) and 34 (embryo) alternative splicing events were identified. A total of 8499 putative SNVs (~ 6.2 SNV/transcript and 1.7 SNV/1 kb) were predicted with 0.1 minimum frequency and maximum variant quality (p value 10e−9). Our results provide a broad-based characterization of the global expression pattern of the beaver placental transcriptome. Enhancement of transcriptomic resources for C. fiber should improve understanding of crucial pathways relevant to proper placenta development and successful reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Lipka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Niepodległości Str 44, 10-045, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Majewska
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str 30, 10-082, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Pawel Jastrzebski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Panasiewicz
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bozena Szafranska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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17
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Iacolina L, Pertoldi C, Amills M, Kusza S, Megens HJ, Bâlteanu VA, Bakan J, Cubric-Curik V, Oja R, Saarma U, Scandura M, Šprem N, Stronen AV. Hotspots of recent hybridization between pigs and wild boars in Europe. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17372. [PMID: 30478374 PMCID: PMC6255867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After a strong demographic decline before World War II, wild boar populations are expanding and the species is now the second-most abundant ungulate in Europe. This increase raises concerns due to wild boar impact on crops and natural ecosystems and as potential vector of diseases. Additionally, wild boar can hybridize with domestic pigs, which could increase health risks and alter wild boar adaptive potential. We analysed 47,148 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in wild boar from Europe (292) and the Near East (16), and commercial (44) and local (255) pig breeds, to discern patterns of hybridization across Europe. We identified 33 wild boars with more than 10% domestic ancestry in their genome, mostly concentrated in Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Serbia. This difference is probably due to contrasting practices, with free-ranging vs. industrial farming but more samples would be needed to investigate larger geographic patterns. Our results suggest hybridization has occurred over a long period and is still ongoing, as we observed recent hybrids. Although wild and domestic populations have maintained their genetic distinctiveness, potential health threats raise concerns and require implementation of management actions and farming practices aimed at reducing contact between wild and domestic pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iacolina
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark. .,Aalborg Zoo, Mølleparkvej 63, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.,Aalborg Zoo, Mølleparkvej 63, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marcel Amills
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Szilvia Kusza
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hendrik-Jan Megens
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708PD, The Netherlands
| | - Valentin Adrian Bâlteanu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jana Bakan
- Technical University of Zvolen, Department of Phytology, Ul. T. G. Masaryka 24, 96053, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Vlatka Cubric-Curik
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ragne Oja
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Massimo Scandura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Muroni 25, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nikica Šprem
- Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Astrid Vik Stronen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Stefen C. Causes of death of beavers (Castor fiber) from eastern Germany and observations on parasites, skeletal diseases and tooth anomalies—a long-term analysis. MAMMAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-018-0405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Essl F, Bacher S, Genovesi P, Hulme PE, Jeschke JM, Katsanevakis S, Kowarik I, Kühn I, Pyšek P, Rabitsch W, Schindler S, van Kleunen M, Vilà M, Wilson JRU, Richardson DM. Which Taxa Are Alien? Criteria, Applications, and Uncertainties. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology at the University of Vienna, in Austria; the Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation at Environment Agency Austria, in Vienna; and the Centre for Invasion Biology in the Department of Botany and Zoology at Stellenbosch University, in South Africa
| | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology at the University of Fribourg, in Switzerland
| | - Piero Genovesi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) and is the chair of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission Invasive Species Specialist Group, in Rome, Italy
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre at Lincoln University, in Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB); Freie Universität Berlin; and the Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), in Berlin, Germany
| | - Stelios Katsanevakis
- Department of Marine Sciences at the University of the Aegean, in Mytilene, Greece
| | - Ingo Kowarik
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) and is chair of ecosystem science/plant ecology at Technische Universität Berlin, in Germany
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ in the Department of Community Ecology, in Halle, Germany; the Geobotany and Botanical Garden at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Halle, Germany; and the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), in Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany and the Department of Invasion Ecology at The Czech Academy of Sciences, in Průhonice, Czech Republic, and with the Department of Ecology at Charles University, in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Rabitsch
- Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation at Environment Agency Austria, in Vienna
| | - Stefan Schindler
- Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation at Environment Agency Austria, in Vienna
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology at the University of Konstanz, in Germany, and with the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation at Taizhou University, in China
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD-CSIC), in Sevilla, Spain
| | - John R U Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology in the Department of Botany and Zoology at Stellenbosch University, in South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute at the Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology in the Department of Botany and Zoology at Stellenbosch University, in South Africa
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20
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Marreros N, Zürcher-Giovannini S, Origgi FC, Djelouadji Z, Wimmershoff J, Pewsner M, Akdesir E, Batista Linhares M, Kodjo A, Ryser-Degiorgis MP. Fatal leptospirosis in free-ranging Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber L.), Switzerland. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1297-1306. [PMID: 29673086 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis was first diagnosed in free-ranging Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber L.) in Switzerland in 2010. Pathologic, serologic, molecular and epidemiologic analyses were carried out on 13 animals submitted for necropsy from 2010 through 2014. Typical lesions included alveolar haemorrhages in the lungs, tubular degeneration and interstitial nephritis in the kidneys. Microscopic agglutination test results were positive for serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis, Autumnalis and Sejroe. Molecular analysis identified four distinct profiles belonging to serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae or Copenhageni. The severity and features of the lesions were consistent with a fatal disease associated with leptospires similarly to what has been reported in other animals and humans. The spatiotemporal occurrence of leptospirosis in beavers suggested an upstream spread of the bacteria and coincided with an increased incidence of leptospirosis in dogs and a case cluster in humans. However, an epidemiologic link among beaver cases and among species was not supported neither by the serologic nor molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Marreros
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Zürcher-Giovannini
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F C Origgi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Z Djelouadji
- Équipe de Recherche sur les Leptospiroses, USc 1233, Laboratoire des Leptospires, Établissement VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - J Wimmershoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Pewsner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Akdesir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Batista Linhares
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Kodjo
- Équipe de Recherche sur les Leptospiroses, USc 1233, Laboratoire des Leptospires, Établissement VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - M-P Ryser-Degiorgis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Recolonizing lost habitat—how European beavers (Castor fiber) return to south-western Germany. MAMMAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-018-0360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Marr MM, Brace S, Schreve DC, Barnes I. Identifying source populations for the reintroduction of the Eurasian beaver, Castor fiber L. 1758, into Britain: evidence from ancient DNA. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2708. [PMID: 29426903 PMCID: PMC5807398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing true phylogenetic relationships between populations is a critical consideration when sourcing individuals for translocation. This presents huge difficulties with threatened and endangered species that have become extirpated from large areas of their former range. We utilise ancient DNA (aDNA) to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of a keystone species which has become extinct in Britain, the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber. We sequenced seventeen 492 bp partial tRNAPro and control region sequences from Late Pleistocene and Holocene age beavers and included these in network, demographic and genealogy analyses. The mode of postglacial population expansion from refugia was investigated by employing tests of neutrality and a pairwise mismatch distribution analysis. We found evidence of a pre-Late Glacial Maximum ancestor for the Western C. fiber clade which experienced a rapid demographic expansion during the terminal Pleistocene to early Holocene period. Ancient British beavers were found to originate from the Western phylogroup but showed no phylogenetic affinity to any one modern relict population over another. Instead, we find that they formed part of a large, continuous, pan-Western European clade that harbored little internal substructure. Our study highlights the utility of aDNA in reconstructing population histories of extirpated species which has real-world implications for conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Marr
- Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Selina Brace
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Danielle C Schreve
- Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Ian Barnes
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 5BD, UK
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23
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Söderquist P, Elmberg J, Gunnarsson G, Thulin CG, Champagnon J, Guillemain M, Kreisinger J, Prins HHT, Crooijmans RPMA, Kraus RHS. Admixture between released and wild game birds: a changing genetic landscape in European mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-017-1156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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La Haye MJJ, Reiners TE, Raedts R, Verbist V, Koelewijn HP. Genetic monitoring to evaluate reintroduction attempts of a highly endangered rodent. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Genetic monitoring of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) in Switzerland and implications for the management of the species. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF THERIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.15.1.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Gager Y, Tarland E, Lieckfeldt D, Ménage M, Botero-Castro F, Rossiter SJ, Kraus RHS, Ludwig A, Dechmann DKN. The Value of Molecular vs. Morphometric and Acoustic Information for Species Identification Using Sympatric Molossid Bats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150780. [PMID: 26943355 PMCID: PMC4778951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental condition for any work with free-ranging animals is correct species identification. However, in case of bats, information on local species assemblies is frequently limited especially in regions with high biodiversity such as the Neotropics. The bat genus Molossus is a typical example of this, with morphologically similar species often occurring in sympatry. We used a multi-method approach based on molecular, morphometric and acoustic information collected from 962 individuals of Molossus bondae, M. coibensis, and M. molossus captured in Panama. We distinguished M. bondae based on size and pelage coloration. We identified two robust species clusters composed of M. molossus and M. coibensis based on 18 microsatellite markers but also on a more stringently determined set of four markers. Phylogenetic reconstructions using the mitochondrial gene co1 (DNA barcode) were used to diagnose these microsatellite clusters as M. molossus and M. coibensis. To differentiate species, morphological information was only reliable when forearm length and body mass were combined in a linear discriminant function (95.9% correctly identified individuals). When looking in more detail at M. molossus and M. coibensis, only four out of 13 wing parameters were informative for species differentiation, with M. coibensis showing lower values for hand wing area and hand wing length and higher values for wing loading. Acoustic recordings after release required categorization of calls into types, yielding only two informative subsets: approach calls and two-toned search calls. Our data emphasizes the importance of combining morphological traits and independent genetic data to inform the best choice and combination of discriminatory information used in the field. Because parameters can vary geographically, the multi-method approach may need to be adjusted to local species assemblies and populations to be entirely informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gager
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Emilia Tarland
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lieckfeldt
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthieu Ménage
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Fidel Botero-Castro
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554-CNRS-IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephen J. Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H. S. Kraus
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Rep. of Panamá
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27
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Syrůčková A, Saveljev AP, Frosch C, Durka W, Savelyev AA, Munclinger P. Genetic relationships within colonies suggest genetic monogamy in the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber). MAMMAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-015-0219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Kraus RHS, vonHoldt B, Cocchiararo B, Harms V, Bayerl H, Kühn R, Förster DW, Fickel J, Roos C, Nowak C. A single-nucleotide polymorphism-based approach for rapid and cost-effective genetic wolf monitoring in Europe based on noninvasively collected samples. Mol Ecol Resour 2014; 15:295-305. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. S. Kraus
- Conservation Genetics Group; Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt; D-63571 Gelnhausen Germany
| | - Bridgett vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Berardino Cocchiararo
- Conservation Genetics Group; Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt; D-63571 Gelnhausen Germany
| | - Verena Harms
- Conservation Genetics Group; Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt; D-63571 Gelnhausen Germany
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz; PF 300154 02806 Görlitz Germany
| | - Helmut Bayerl
- Molecular Zoology Unit; Research Department Animal Sciences; Technische Universität München; Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2 D-85354 Freising Germany
| | - Ralph Kühn
- Molecular Zoology Unit; Research Department Animal Sciences; Technische Universität München; Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2 D-85354 Freising Germany
- Wildlife and Conservation Ecology and Molecular Biology Program; Department of Fish; New Mexico State University; Box 30003 MSC 4901 Las Cruces NM 88003-8003 USA
| | - Daniel W. Förster
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics; Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17 D-10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Jörns Fickel
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics; Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17 D-10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory; German Primate Center; Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Kellnerweg 4 D-37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Carsten Nowak
- Conservation Genetics Group; Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt; D-63571 Gelnhausen Germany
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29
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Senn H, Ogden R, Frosch C, Syrůčková A, Campbell-Palmer R, Munclinger P, Durka W, Kraus RHS, Saveljev AP, Nowak C, Stubbe A, Stubbe M, Michaux J, Lavrov V, Samiya R, Ulevicius A, Rosell F. Nuclear and mitochondrial genetic structure in the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) - implications for future reintroductions. Evol Appl 2014; 7:645-62. [PMID: 25067948 PMCID: PMC4105916 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many reintroduction projects for conservation fail, and there are a large number of factors that may contribute to failure. Genetic analysis can be used to help stack the odds of a reintroduction in favour of success, by conducting assessment of source populations to evaluate the possibility of inbreeding and outbreeding depression and by conducting postrelease monitoring. In this study, we use a panel of 306 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers and 487-489 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA control region sequence data to examine 321 individuals from possible source populations of the Eurasian beaver for a reintroduction to Scotland. We use this information to reassess the phylogenetic history of the Eurasian beavers, to examine the genetic legacy of past reintroductions on the Eurasian landmass and to assess the future power of the genetic markers to conduct ongoing monitoring via parentage analysis and individual identification. We demonstrate the capacity of medium density genetic data (hundreds of SNPs) to provide information suitable for applied conservation and discuss the difficulty of balancing the need for high genetic diversity against phylogenetic best fit when choosing source population(s) for reintroduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Senn
- WildGenes Laboratory, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rob Ogden
- WildGenes Laboratory, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christiane Frosch
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Alena Syrůčková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pavel Munclinger
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Halle, Germany
| | - Robert H S Kraus
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Alexander P Saveljev
- Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming, Russian Academy of Sciences Kirov, Russia
| | - Carsten Nowak
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Annegret Stubbe
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Institut für Biologie Bereich Zoologie/Molekulare Ökologie Hoher Weg 4 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Michael Stubbe
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Institut für Biologie Domplatz 4 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Johan Michaux
- Conservation Genetics Unit, Institute of Botany (Bat. 22), University of Liège (Sart Tilman) Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Ravchig Samiya
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology and Biotechnology, National University of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Alius Ulevicius
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Frank Rosell
- Telemark University College, Department of Environmental Sciences Telemark, Norway
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