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Markelova M, Senina A, Khusnutdinova D, Siniagina M, Kupriyanova E, Shakirova G, Odintsova A, Abdulkhakov R, Kolesnikova I, Shagaleeva O, Lyamina S, Abdulkhakov S, Zakharzhevskaya N, Grigoryeva T. Association between Taxonomic Composition of Gut Microbiota and Host Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Crohn's Disease Patients from Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097998. [PMID: 37175705 PMCID: PMC10178390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Genetic predisposition and dysbiotic gut microbiota are important factors in the pathogenesis of CD. In this study, we analyzed the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota and genotypes of 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with the risk of CD. The studied cohorts included 96 CD patients and 24 healthy volunteers from Russia. Statistically significant differences were found in the allele frequencies for 8 SNPs and taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota in CD patients compared with controls. In addition, two types of gut microbiota communities were identified in CD patients. The main distinguishing driver of bacterial families for the first community type are Bacteroidaceae and unclassified members of the Clostridiales order, and the second type is characterized by increased abundance of Streptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Differences in the allele frequencies of the rs9858542 (BSN), rs3816769 (STAT3), and rs1793004 (NELL1) were also found between groups of CD patients with different types of microbiota communities. These findings confirm the complex multifactorial nature of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markelova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anastasia Senina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dilyara Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maria Siniagina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Kupriyanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | | | | | - Rustam Abdulkhakov
- Hospital Therapy Department, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina Kolesnikova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Shagaleeva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Lyamina
- Molecular Pathology of Digestion Laboratory, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sayar Abdulkhakov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Natalia Zakharzhevskaya
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Grigoryeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Plainvert C, Rosinski-Chupin I, Weckel A, Lambert C, Touak G, Sauvage E, Poyart C, Glaser P, Fouet A. A Novel CovS Variant Harbored by a Colonization Strain Reduces Streptococcus pyogenes Virulence. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0003923. [PMID: 36920220 PMCID: PMC10127592 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00039-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus, causes a wide variety of diseases ranging from mild noninvasive to severe invasive infections. To identify possible causes of colonization-to-invasive switches, we determined the genomic sequences of 10 isolates from five pairs each composed of an invasive strain and a carriage strain originating from five infectious clusters. Among them, one pair displayed a single-nucleotide difference in covS, encoding the sensor histidine kinase of the two-component CovRS system that controls the expression of 15% of the genome. In contrast to previously described cases where the invasive strains harbor nonfunctional CovS proteins, the carriage strain possessed the mutation covST115C, leading to the replacement of the tyrosine at position 39 by a histidine. The CovSY39H mutation affected the expression of the genes from the CovR regulon in a unique fashion. Genes usually overexpressed in covS mutant strains were underexpressed and vice versa. Furthermore, the covS mutant strain barely responded to the addition of the CovS-signaling compounds Mg2+ and LL-37. The variations in the accumulation of two virulence factors paralleled the transcription modifications. In addition, the covST115C mutant strain showed less survival than its wild-type counterpart in murine macrophages. Finally, in two murine models of infection, the covS mutant strain was less virulent than the wild-type strain. Our study suggests that the CovSY39H protein compromises CovS phosphatase activity and that this yields a noninvasive strain. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus, causes a wide variety of diseases, leading to 517,000 deaths yearly. The two-component CovRS system, which responds to MgCl2 and the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, controls the expression of 15% of the genome. Invasive strains may harbor nonfunctional CovS sensor proteins that lead to the derepression of most virulence genes. We isolated a colonization strain that harbors a novel covS mutation. This mutant strain harbored a transcriptome profile opposite that of other covS mutant strains, barely responded to environmental signals, and was less virulent than the wild-type strain. This supports the importance of the derepression of the expression of most virulence genes, via mutations that impact the phosphorylation of the regulator CovR, for favoring S. pyogenes invasive infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Plainvert
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Service de Bactériologie, CNR des Streptocoques, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Rosinski-Chupin
- Institut Pasteur, Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, UMR3525, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Weckel
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Clara Lambert
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Gérald Touak
- Service de Bactériologie, CNR des Streptocoques, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Sauvage
- Institut Pasteur, Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, UMR3525, Paris, France
| | - Claire Poyart
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Service de Bactériologie, CNR des Streptocoques, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Glaser
- Institut Pasteur, Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, UMR3525, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Fouet
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Service de Bactériologie, CNR des Streptocoques, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Paris, France
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3
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Dooley LM, Ahmad TB, Pandey M, Good MF, Kotiw M. Rheumatic heart disease: A review of the current status of global research activity. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 20:102740. [PMID: 33333234 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a serious and long-term consequence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), an autoimmune sequela of a mucosal infection by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, Strep A). The pathogenesis of ARF and RHD is complex and not fully understood but involves host and bacterial factors, molecular mimicry, and aberrant host innate and adaptive immune responses that result in loss of self-tolerance and subsequent cross-reactivity with host tissues. RHD is entirely preventable yet claims an estimated 320 000 lives annually. The major burden of disease is carried by developing nations and Indigenous populations within developed nations, including Australia. This review will focus on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of ARF and RHD in Australia, where: streptococcal pyoderma, rather than streptococcal pharyngitis, and Group C and Group G Streptococcus, have been implicated as antecedents to ARF; the rates of RHD in remote Indigenous communities are persistently among the highest in the world; government register-based programs coordinate disease screening and delivery of prophylaxis with variable success; and researchers are making significant progress in the development of a broad-spectrum vaccine against Strep A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Dooley
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Tarek B Ahmad
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Manisha Pandey
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Michael F Good
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Michael Kotiw
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
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Ambari AM, Setianto B, Santoso A, Radi B, Dwiputra B, Susilowati E, Tulrahmi F, Doevendans PA, Cramer MJ. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) Decrease the Progression of Cardiac Fibrosis in Rheumatic Heart Disease Through the Inhibition of IL-33/sST2. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:115. [PMID: 32850979 PMCID: PMC7399157 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is common in developing countries and poses a big medical challenge and burden. The pathogenesis of RHD is influenced by the triad of host, agent, and environment. Autoantigens generated from Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection are captured by the resident dendritic cells (DCs) in the heart's valvular endothelium. DCs differentiate into antigen presenting cells (APC) in the valve interstices. APC induces activation of autoreactive T cells, which triggers inflammation and tissue fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis is promoted through the activation of Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and its downstream signaling, including its interaction with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Smad proteins. TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 complexes with Smad3 and Smad4, and translocates into the nucleus. Angiotensin II enhances the migration, maturation, and presentation of DC. In RHD, Angiotensin II induces fibrosis via the stimulation of TGF-β, which further increases the binding of IL-33 to sST2 but not ST2L, resulting in the upregulation of Angiotensin II and progression of cardiac fibrosis. This cascade of inflammation and valvular fibrosis causes calcification and stiffening of the heart valves in RHD. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) inhibit Angiotensin II production, which in turn decreases TGF-β expression and the onset of overt inflammatory response. This condition leads to a reduction in the sST2 as the decoy receptor to "steal" IL-33, and IL-33 binds to ST2L and results in cardioprotection against cardiac fibrosis in the pathogenesis of RHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ade M. Ambari
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Budhi Setianto
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anwar Santoso
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Basuni Radi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Dwiputra
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eliana Susilowati
- Research Assistants of Preventive Cardiology, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fadilla Tulrahmi
- Research Assistants of Preventive Cardiology, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Departement, The Netherlands Heart Institute Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten J. Cramer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Mosites E, Frick A, Gounder P, Castrodale L, Li Y, Rudolph K, Hurlburt D, Lecy KD, Zulz T, Adebanjo T, Onukwube J, Beall B, Van Beneden CA, Hennessy T, McLaughlin J, Bruce MG. Outbreak of Invasive Infections From Subtype emm26.3 Group A Streptococcus Among Homeless Adults-Anchorage, Alaska, 2016-2017. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:1068-1074. [PMID: 29069346 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2016, we detected an outbreak of group A Streptococcus (GAS) invasive infections among the estimated 1000 persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) in Anchorage, Alaska. We characterized the outbreak and implemented a mass antibiotic intervention at homeless service facilities. Methods We identified cases through the Alaska GAS laboratory-based surveillance system. We conducted emm typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing on all invasive isolates and compared medical record data of patients infected with emm26.3 and other emm types. In February 2017, we offered PEH at 6 facilities in Anchorage a single dose of 1 g of azithromycin. We collected oropharyngeal and nonintact skin swabs on a subset of participants concurrent with the intervention and 4 weeks afterward. Results From July 2016 through April 2017, we detected 42 invasive emm26.3 cases in Anchorage, 35 of which were in PEH. The emm26.3 isolates differed on average by only 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Compared to other emm types, infection with emm26.3 was associated with cellulitis (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; P = .04) and necrotizing fasciitis (OR, 4.4; P = .02). We dispensed antibiotics to 391 PEH. Colonization with emm26.3 decreased from 4% of 277 at baseline to 1% of 287 at follow-up (P = .05). Invasive GAS incidence decreased from 1.5 cases per 1000 PEH/week in the 6 weeks prior to the intervention to 0.2 cases per 1000 PEH/week in the 6 weeks after (P = .01). Conclusions In an invasive GAS outbreak in PEH in Anchorage, mass antibiotic administration was temporally associated with reduced invasive disease cases and colonization prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mosites
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Anna Frick
- Section of Epidemiology, Division of Public Health, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Prabhu Gounder
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Louisa Castrodale
- Section of Epidemiology, Division of Public Health, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuan Li
- Respiratory Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Karen Rudolph
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Debby Hurlburt
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Kristen D Lecy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Tammy Zulz
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Tolu Adebanjo
- Respiratory Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer Onukwube
- Respiratory Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bernard Beall
- Respiratory Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chris A Van Beneden
- Respiratory Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Joseph McLaughlin
- Section of Epidemiology, Division of Public Health, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael G Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
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Horwood PF, Tarantola A, Goarant C, Matsui M, Klement E, Umezaki M, Navarro S, Greenhill AR. Health Challenges of the Pacific Region: Insights From History, Geography, Social Determinants, Genetics, and the Microbiome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2184. [PMID: 31572391 PMCID: PMC6753857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pacific region, also referred to as Oceania, is a geographically widespread region populated by people of diverse cultures and ethnicities. Indigenous people in the region (Melanesians, Polynesians, Micronesians, Papuans, and Indigenous Australians) are over-represented on national, regional, and global scales for the burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Although social and environmental factors such as poverty, education, and access to health-care are assumed to be major drivers of this disease burden, there is also developing evidence that genetic and microbiotic factors should also be considered. To date, studies investigating genetic and/or microbiotic links with vulnerabilities to infectious and non-communicable diseases have mostly focused on populations in Europe, Asia, and USA, with uncertain associations for other populations such as indigenous communities in Oceania. Recent developments in personalized medicine have shown that identifying ethnicity-linked genetic vulnerabilities can be important for medical management. Although our understanding of the impacts of the gut microbiome on health is still in the early stages, it is likely that equivalent vulnerabilities will also be identified through the interaction between gut microbiome composition and function with pathogens and the host immune system. As rapid economic, dietary, and cultural changes occur throughout Oceania it becomes increasingly important that further research is conducted within indigenous populations to address the double burden of high rates of infectious diseases and rapidly rising non-communicable diseases so that comprehensive development goals can be planned. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the impact of nutrition, genetics, and the gut microbiome on infectious diseases in indigenous people of the Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Horwood
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Cyrille Goarant
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Mariko Matsui
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Elise Klement
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, New Caledonia
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Territorial, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Masahiro Umezaki
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Severine Navarro
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Greenhill
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Churchill, VIC, Australia
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7
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Hafner A, Kolbe U, Freund I, Castiglia V, Kovarik P, Poth T, Herster F, Weigand MA, Weber ANR, Dalpke AH, Eigenbrod T. Crucial Role of Nucleic Acid Sensing via Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors for the Defense of Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro and in vivo. Front Immunol 2019; 10:198. [PMID: 30846984 PMCID: PMC6394247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a major human pathogen causing a variety of diseases ranging from common pharyngitis to life-threatening soft tissue infections and sepsis. Microbial nucleic acids, especially bacterial RNA, have recently been recognized as a major group of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) involved in the detection of Streptococcus pyogenes via endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in vitro. However, the individual contribution and cooperation between TLRs as well as cell-type and strain specific differences in dependency on nucleic acid detection during S. pyogenes infection in vitro have not been clarified in detail. Moreover, the role of particularly bacterial RNA for the defense of S. pyogenes infection in vivo remains poorly defined. In this study, we report that in all investigated innate immune cells involved in the resolution of bacterial infections, including murine macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, recognition of S. pyogenes strain ATCC12344 is almost completely dependent on nucleic acid sensing via endosomal TLRs at lower MOIs, whereas at higher MOIs, detection via TLR2 plays an additional, yet redundant role. We further demonstrate that different S. pyogenes strains display a considerable inter-strain variability with respect to their nucleic acid dependent recognition. Moreover, TLR13-dependent recognition of S. pyogenes RNA is largely non-redundant in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), but less relevant in neutrophils and bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (BMDCs) for the induction of an innate immune response in vitro. In vivo, we show that a loss of nucleic acid sensing blunts early recognition of S. pyogenes, leading to a reduced local containment of the bacterial infection with subsequent pronounced systemic inflammation at later time points. Thus, our results argue for a crucial role of nucleic acid sensing via endosomal TLRs in defense of S. pyogenes infection both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hafner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kolbe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Freund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Virginia Castiglia
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Poth
- Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Herster
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus A. Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander N. R. Weber
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander H. Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Plainvert C, Longo M, Seringe E, Saintpierre B, Sauvage E, Ma L, Beghain J, Dmytruk N, Collobert G, Hernandez E, Manuel C, Astagneau P, Glaser P, Ariey F, Poyart C, Fouet A. A clone of the emergent Streptococcus pyogenes emm89 clade responsible for a large outbreak in a post-surgery oncology unit in France. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 207:287-296. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Soderholm AT, Barnett TC, Korn O, Rivera-Hernandez T, Seymour LM, Schulz BL, Nizet V, Wells CA, Sweet MJ, Walker MJ. Group A Streptococcus M1T1 Intracellular Infection of Primary Tonsil Epithelial Cells Dampens Levels of Secreted IL-8 Through the Action of SpyCEP. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:160. [PMID: 29868516 PMCID: PMC5966554 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus; GAS) commonly causes pharyngitis in children and adults, with severe invasive disease and immune sequelae being an infrequent consequence. The ability of GAS to invade the host and establish infection likely involves subversion of host immune defenses. However, the signaling pathways and innate immune responses of epithelial cells to GAS are not well-understood. In this study, we utilized RNAseq to characterize the inflammatory responses of primary human tonsil epithelial (TEpi) cells to infection with the laboratory-adapted M6 strain JRS4 and the M1T1 clinical isolate 5448. Both strains induced the expression of genes encoding a wide range of inflammatory mediators, including IL-8. Pathway analysis revealed differentially expressed genes between mock and JRS4- or 5448-infected TEpi cells were enriched in transcription factor networks that regulate IL-8 expression, such as AP-1, ATF-2, and NFAT. While JRS4 infection resulted in high levels of secreted IL-8, 5448 infection did not, suggesting that 5448 may post-transcriptionally dampen IL-8 production. Infection with 5448ΔcepA, an isogenic mutant lacking the IL-8 protease SpyCEP, resulted in IL-8 secretion levels comparable to JRS4 infection. Complementation of 5448ΔcepA and JRS4 with a plasmid encoding 5448-derived SpyCEP significantly reduced IL-8 secretion by TEpi cells. Our results suggest that intracellular infection with the pathogenic GAS M1T1 clone induces a strong pro-inflammatory response in primary tonsil epithelial cells, but modulates this host response by selectively degrading the neutrophil-recruiting chemokine IL-8 to benefit infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia T. Soderholm
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy C. Barnett
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Othmar Korn
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Seymour
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin L. Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Victor Nizet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christine A. Wells
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Sweet
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark J. Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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10
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Relative Abundance of Streptococcus spp. and its Association with Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Compared with Controls. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.57291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Ohya H, Mori N, Hayashi T, Minami S, Higuchi A, Takahashi T. A case of descending mediastinitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes harboring genotype emm25 and sequence type 660. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:403-406. [PMID: 28161292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Descending mediastinitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS) is rare among cases of invasive GAS infection. In this report, we describe a case of a cervical abscess and secondary descending mediastinitis in a previously healthy 39-year-old Japanese man. The patient presented with a 2-week history of a sore throat, and subsequently developed an abscess and descending mediastinitis. We treated the cervical abscess using ampicillin/sulbactam and drainage, and GAS was subsequently isolated in two blood cultures from the patient's admission. Microbiological analyses revealed that the isolate harbored genotype emm25 and sequence type (ST) 660. This strain was susceptible to erythromycin (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]: ≤0.12 μg/mL), resistant to minocycline (MIC: >4 μg/mL), and possessed the tet(M) determinant. Although we have reviewed the literature regarding the clinical and microbiological characteristics of descending mediastinitis cause by GAS, little is known regarding epidemiological and clinical characteristics of emm25/ST660 GAS. Furthermore, to best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of descending mediastinitis caused by emm25/ST660 GAS. Therefore, physicians should be aware of case with a cervical abscess and secondary descending mediastinitis caused by GAS infection, even if the patient is immunocompetent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ohya
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Mori
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan; Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Science & Kitasato Institute for Life Science, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Tetsuro Hayashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Shujiro Minami
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Akiko Higuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Science & Kitasato Institute for Life Science, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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12
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Gamradt P, Xu Y, Gratz N, Duncan K, Kobzik L, Högler S, Kovarik P, Decker T, Jamieson AM. The Influence of Programmed Cell Death in Myeloid Cells on Host Resilience to Infection with Legionella pneumophila or Streptococcus pyogenes. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006032. [PMID: 27973535 PMCID: PMC5156374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen clearance and host resilience/tolerance to infection are both important factors in surviving an infection. Cells of the myeloid lineage play important roles in both of these processes. Neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells all have important roles in initiation of the immune response and clearance of bacterial pathogens. If these cells are not properly regulated they can result in excessive inflammation and immunopathology leading to decreased host resilience. Programmed cell death (PCD) is one possible mechanism that myeloid cells may use to prevent excessive inflammation. Myeloid cell subsets play roles in tissue repair, immune response resolution, and maintenance of homeostasis, so excessive PCD may also influence host resilience in this way. In addition, myeloid cell death is one mechanism used to control pathogen replication and dissemination. Many of these functions for PCD have been well defined in vitro, but the role in vivo is less well understood. We created a mouse that constitutively expresses the pro-survival B-cell lymphoma (bcl)-2 protein in myeloid cells (CD68(bcl2tg), thus decreasing PCD specifically in myeloid cells. Using this mouse model we explored the impact that decreased cell death of these cells has on infection with two different bacterial pathogens, Legionella pneumophila and Streptococcus pyogenes. Both of these pathogens target multiple cell death pathways in myeloid cells, and the expression of bcl2 resulted in decreased PCD after infection. We examined both pathogen clearance and host resilience and found that myeloid cell death was crucial for host resilience. Surprisingly, the decreased myeloid PCD had minimal impact on pathogen clearance. These data indicate that the most important role of PCD during infection with these bacteria is to minimize inflammation and increase host resilience, not to aid in the clearance or prevent the spread of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gamradt
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm U111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Yun Xu
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Nina Gratz
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kellyanne Duncan
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sandra Högler
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amanda M. Jamieson
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
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13
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Mori N, Hosoo S, Oyamada Y, Sera Y, Yamada Y, Sugawara M, Higuchi A, Aoki Y, Takahashi T. Characteristics of mucoid Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from two patients with pneumonia in a local community. IDCases 2016; 6:43-46. [PMID: 27695674 PMCID: PMC5043403 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, GAS) infections can develop into life-threatening disorders. However, the occurrence of some GAS pneumonia cases is relatively rare in a local community. We report here characteristics of mucoid GAS isolates obtained from the sputum of two patients with pneumonia in a local community. Although case-patients did not have contact with each other, case-patient 1′s child and case-patient 2′s grandchild attended the same kindergarten where a GAS pharyngitis epidemic had occurred. We conducted phenotypic and genotypic analyses with the GAS isolates from sputum of both patients, to examine (1) colony appearance between the isolates, (2) numerical profile based on API-20 Strep system, (3) similarity to the type strain using 16S rRNA sequencing, (4) emm type (subtype) and emm full-length sequence, (5) sequence type, (6) sic allele, (7) antimicrobial susceptibility result and the resistance determinant, (8) genome profile following a random amplified polymorphic DNA fragments, and (9) pattern of digested DNA fragments by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. These phenotypic and genotypic analyses revealed similar matching between the isolates from both cases. Our findings suggest that when clinicians examine adult patients having infection with the mucoid GAS, they should confirm whether anyone within the same household also developed the infection and need to investigate epidemic situations in local communities, including kindergartens and elementary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Mori
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan; Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Sakiko Hosoo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oyamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sera
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Momoko Sugawara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Akiko Higuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Yasuko Aoki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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14
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Dinis M, Plainvert C, Longo M, Guignot J, Gabriel C, Poyart C, Fouet A. Group A Streptococcus emm3 strains induce early macrophage cell death. Pathog Dis 2015; 74:ftv124. [PMID: 26702632 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections present high morbidity and mortality rates and consequently remain a significant health problem. The emm3 isolates induce more severe pathologies than all others. In this study, we tested, on a collection of invasive and non-invasive emm3 clinical isolates, whether in that genotype the invasive status of the strains affects the innate immune response. We show that phagocytosis is dependent on the invasiveness of the isolates. Interestingly, all emm3 isolates compromise macrophage integrity, already noticeable 1 h after infection. Inflammatory modulators (IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-β) are nevertheless detected during at least 6 h post-infection. This is a likely consequence of the macrophages not being all infected. The efficient and rapid induction of macrophage death could explain the virulence of the emm3 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Dinis
- INSERM U 1016, Institut Cochin, Unité FRM 'Barrières et Pathogènes' F-75014 Paris, France CNRS UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Céline Plainvert
- INSERM U 1016, Institut Cochin, Unité FRM 'Barrières et Pathogènes' F-75014 Paris, France CNRS UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, F-75014 Paris, France Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Magalie Longo
- INSERM U 1016, Institut Cochin, Unité FRM 'Barrières et Pathogènes' F-75014 Paris, France CNRS UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Julie Guignot
- INSERM U 1016, Institut Cochin, Unité FRM 'Barrières et Pathogènes' F-75014 Paris, France CNRS UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Christelle Gabriel
- INSERM U 1016, Institut Cochin, Unité FRM 'Barrières et Pathogènes' F-75014 Paris, France CNRS UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Claire Poyart
- INSERM U 1016, Institut Cochin, Unité FRM 'Barrières et Pathogènes' F-75014 Paris, France CNRS UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, F-75014 Paris, France Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Agnès Fouet
- INSERM U 1016, Institut Cochin, Unité FRM 'Barrières et Pathogènes' F-75014 Paris, France CNRS UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, F-75014 Paris, France
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15
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Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes emm28 Clinical Isolate M28PF1, Responsible for a Puerperal Fever. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/4/e00750-15. [PMID: 26184934 PMCID: PMC4505122 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00750-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the sequence of the Streptococcus pyogenes emm28 strain M28PF1, isolated from a patient with postpartum endometritis. The M28 protein is smaller than that of MGAS6180 (NC_007296.1). Furthermore, the 1,896,976-bp-long chromosome presents, compared to that of MGAS6180, an inversion between the two comX genes.
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