1
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Tony-Odigie A, Dalpke AH, Boutin S, Yi B. Airway commensal bacteria in cystic fibrosis inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa via a released metabolite. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127680. [PMID: 38520837 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection plays a critical role in disease progression. Although multiple studies suggest that airway commensals might be able to interfere with pathogenic bacteria, the role of the distinct commensals in the polymicrobial lung infections is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify airway commensal bacteria that may inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa. Through a screening study with more than 80 CF commensal strains across 21 species, more than 30 commensal strains from various species have been identified to be able to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa. The underlying mechanisms were investigated via genomic, metabolic and functional analysis, revealing that the inhibitory commensals may affect the growth of P. aeruginosa by releasing a large amount of acetic acid. The data provide information about the distinct roles of airway commensals and provide insights into novel strategies for controlling airway infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tony-Odigie
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; University of Lübeck, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Buqing Yi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Körholz J, Chen LS, Strauss T, Schuetz C, Dalpke AH. One gene to rule them all - clinical perspectives of a potent suppressor of cytokine signaling - SOCS1. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385190. [PMID: 38711523 PMCID: PMC11070515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) in 1997 marked a significant milestone in understanding the regulation of Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways. Subsequent research deciphered its cellular functions, and recent insights into SOCS1 deficiencies in humans underscored its critical role in immune regulation. In humans, SOCS-haploinsufficiency (SOCS1-HI) presents a diverse clinical spectrum, encompassing autoimmune diseases, infection susceptibility, and cancer. Variability in disease manifestation, even within families sharing the same genetic variant, raises questions about clinical penetrance and the need for individualized treatments. Current therapeutic strategies include JAK inhibition, with promising results in controlling inflammation in SOCS1-HI patients. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy emerge as promising avenues for curative treatments. The evolving landscape of SOCS1 research, emphasizes the need for a nuanced understanding of genetic variants and their functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Körholz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies (UCID), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lan-Sun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timmy Strauss
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies (UCID), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies (UCID), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander H. Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Dumke R, Geissler M, Skupin A, Helm B, Mayer R, Schubert S, Oertel R, Renner B, Dalpke AH. Simultaneous Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus in Wastewater of Two Cities in Southeastern Germany, January to May 2022. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192013374. [PMID: 36293955 PMCID: PMC9603229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dependent on the excretion pattern, wastewater monitoring of viruses can be a valuable approach to characterizing their circulation in the human population. Using polyethylene glycol precipitation and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, the occurrence of RNA of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses A/B in the raw wastewater of two treatment plants in Germany between January and May 2022 was investigated. Due to the relatively high incidence in both exposal areas (plant 1 and plant 2), SARS-CoV-2-specific RNA was determined in all 273 composite samples analyzed (concentration of E gene: 1.3 × 104 to 3.2 × 106 gc/L). Despite a nation-wide low number of confirmed infections, influenza virus A was demonstrated in 5.2% (concentration: 9.8 × 102 to 8.4 × 104 gc/L; plant 1) and in 41.6% (3.6 × 103 to 3.0 × 105 gc/L; plant 2) of samples. Influenza virus B was detected in 36.0% (7.2 × 102 to 8.5 × 106 gc/L; plant 1) and 57.7% (9.6 × 103 to 2.1 × 107 gc/L; plant 2) of wastewater samples. The results of the study demonstrate the frequent detection of two primary respiratory viruses in wastewater and offer the possibility to track the epidemiology of influenza by wastewater-based monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Dumke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology und Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael Geissler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology und Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Skupin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology und Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Helm
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robin Mayer
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sara Schubert
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Oertel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bertold Renner
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander H. Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology und Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Kirsten C, Kahre E, Blankenburg J, Schumm L, Haag L, Galow L, Unrath M, Czyborra P, Schneider J, Lück C, Dalpke AH, Berner R, Armann J. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in German secondary schools from October 2020 to July 2021: a longitudinal study. Infection 2022; 50:1483-1490. [PMID: 35460495 PMCID: PMC9034260 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To quantify the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in students and teachers in 14 Secondary schools in eastern Saxony, Germany. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in study population. Number of undetected cases.
Methods Serial seroprevalence study. Results The role of educational settings in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic is still controversial. Seroprevalence increases from 0.8 to 5.9% from October to December when schools remained open and to 12.2% in March/April during a strict lockdown with closed schools. The ratio of undetected to detected cases decreased from 0.76 to 0.44 during the study period.
Conclusion During the second and third wave of the pandemic in Germany, students and teachers are not overrepresented in SARS-CoV-2 infections. The percentage of undetected cases is moderate and decreases over time. The risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 within the household is higher than contracting it in educational settings making school closures rather ineffective in terms of pandemic control measures or individual risk reduction in children and adolescents. Trial registration DRKS00022455 (July 23rd, 2020). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-022-01824-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kirsten
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,University Children's Hospital, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Kahre
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Blankenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leonie Schumm
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luise Haag
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Galow
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Unrath
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paula Czyborra
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josephine Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Lück
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute for Virology and Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute for Virology and Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Armann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Tony-Odigie A, Wilke L, Boutin S, Dalpke AH, Yi B. Commensal Bacteria in the Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiome Reduce P. aeruginosa Induced Inflammation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:824101. [PMID: 35174108 PMCID: PMC8842722 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.824101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections play an important role in the progress of lung disease in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). Recent studies indicate that polymicrobial microbiome profiles in the airway are associated with less inflammation. Thus, the hypothesis was raised that certain commensal bacteria might protect the host from inflammation. We therefore performed a screening study with commensals isolated from CF airway microbiome samples to identify potential beneficial commensals. We isolated more than 80 aerobic or facultative anaerobic commensal strains, including strains from genera Streptococcus, Neisseria, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Dermabacter, Micrococcus and Rothia. Through a screening experiment of co-infection in human epithelial cell lines, we identified multiple commensal strains, especially strains belonging to Streptococcus mitis, that reduced P. aeruginosa triggered inflammatory responses. The results were confirmed by co-infection experiments in ex-vivo precision cut lung slices (PCLS) from mice. The underlying mechanisms of the complex host-pathogen-commensal crosstalk were investigated from both the host and the bacterial sides with a focus on S. mitis. Transcriptome changes in the host in response to co-infection and mono-infection were evaluated, and the results indicated that several signalling pathways mediating inflammatory responses were downregulated by co-infection with S. mitis and P. aeruginosa compared to P. aeruginosa mono-infection, such as neutrophil extracellular trap formation. The genomic differences among S. mitis strains with and without protective effects were investigated by whole genome sequencing, revealing genes only present in the S. mitis strains showing protective effects. In summary, through both in vitro and ex vivo studies, we could identify a variety of commensal strains that may reduce host inflammatory responses induced by P. aeruginosa infection. These findings support the hypothesis that CF airway commensals may protect the host from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tony-Odigie
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leonie Wilke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H. Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Buqing Yi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Buqing Yi,
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6
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Stadtmüller M, Laubner A, Rost F, Winkler S, Patrasová E, Šimůnková L, Reinhardt S, Beil J, Dalpke AH, Yi B. OUP accepted manuscript. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac010. [PMID: 35494175 PMCID: PMC9048873 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolution plays a significant role in shaping the dynamics of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. To monitor the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, through international collaborations, we performed genomic epidemiology analyses on a weekly basis with SARS-CoV-2 samples collected from a border region between Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic in a global background. For identified virus mutant variants, active viruses were isolated and functional evaluations were performed to test their replication fitness and neutralization sensitivity against vaccine-elicited serum neutralizing antibodies. Thereby we identified a new B.1.1.7 sub-lineage carrying additional mutations of nucleoprotein G204P and open-reading-frame-8 K68stop. Of note, this B.1.1.7 sub-lineage is the predominant B.1.1.7 variant in several European countries such as Czech Republic, Austria, and Slovakia. The earliest samples belonging to this sub-lineage were detected in November 2020 in a few countries in the European continent, but not in the UK. We have also detected its further evolution with extra spike mutations D138Y and A701V, which are signature mutations shared with the Gamma and Beta variants, respectively. Antibody neutralization assay of virus variant isolations has revealed that the variant with extra spike mutations is 3.2-fold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies as compared to the other B.1.1.7 variants tested, indicating potential for immune evasion, but it also exhibited reduced replication fitness, suggesting lower transmissibility. The wide spread of this B.1.1.7 sub-lineage was related to the pandemic waves in early 2021 in various European countries. These findings about the emergence, spread, evolution, infection, and transmission abilities of this B.1.1.7 sub-lineage add to our understanding about the pandemic development in Europe and highlight the importance of international collaboration on virus mutant surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexa Laubner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
| | - Fabian Rost
- DRESDEN concept Genome Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
| | - Sylke Winkler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany and DRESDEN concept Genome Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
| | - Eva Patrasová
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Public Health Authority for Ustecky Kraj, Moskevská 15, Ústí nad Labem 400 01, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská 2411/87, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Šimůnková
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Public Health Authority for Ustecky Kraj, Moskevská 15, Ústí nad Labem 400 01, Czech Republic
| | | | - Johanna Beil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany and DRESDEN concept Genome Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
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7
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Yi B, Dalpke AH. Revisiting the intrageneric structure of the genus Pseudomonas with complete whole genome sequence information: Insights into diversity and pathogen-related genetic determinants. Infect Genet Evol 2022; 97:105183. [PMID: 34920102 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas spp. exhibit considerable differences in host specificity and virulence. Most Pseudomonas species were isolated exclusively from environmental sources, ranging from soil to plants, but some Pseudomonas species have been detected from versatile sources, including both human host and environmental sources. Understanding genome variations that generate the tremendous diversity in Pseudomonas biology is important in controlling the incidence of infections. With a data set of 704 Pseudomonas complete whole genome sequences representing 186 species, Pseudomonas intrageneric structure was investigated by hierarchical clustering based on average nucleotide identity, and by phylogeny analysis based on concatenated core-gene alignment. Further comparative functional analyses indicated that Pseudomonas species only living in natural habitats lack multiple functions that are important in the regulation of bacterial pathogenesis, indicating the possession of these functions might be characteristic of Pseudomonas human pathogens. Moreover, we have performed pan-genome based homogeneity analyses, and detected genes with conserved structures but diversified functions across the Pseudomonas genomes, suggesting these genes play a role in driving diversity. In summary, this study provided insights into the dynamics of genome diversity and pathogen-related genetic determinants in Pseudomonas, which might help the development of more targeted antibiotics for the treatment of Pseudomonas infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buqing Yi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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8
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Metzger MI, Graeber SY, Stahl M, Sommerburg O, Mall MA, Dalpke AH, Boutin S. A Volatile and Dynamic Longitudinal Microbiome Is Associated With Less Reduction in Lung Function in Adolescents With Cystic Fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:763121. [PMID: 34938669 PMCID: PMC8687143 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.763121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive impairment in lung function caused by chronic polymicrobial airway infection remains the major cause of death in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Cross-sectional studies suggest an association between lung function decline and specific lung microbiome ecotypes. However, longitudinal studies on the stability of the airway microbiome are missing for adolescents with CF constituting the age group showing the highest rate of decline in lung function. In this study, we analyzed longitudinal lung function data and sputum samples collected over a period of 3 to 5 years from 12 adolescents with CF. The sputum microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results indicate that the individual course of the lung microbiome is associated with longitudinal lung function. In our cohort, patients with a dynamic, diverse microbiome showed a slower decline of lung function measured by FEV1% predicted, whereas a more stable and less diverse lung microbiome was related to worse outcomes. Specifically, a higher abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was linked to a better clinical outcome, while Proteobacteria were correlated with a decline in FEV1% predicted. Our study indicates that the stability and diversity of the lung microbiome and the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are associated with the lung function decline and are one of the contributing factors to the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa I Metzger
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Y Graeber
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Stahl
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Sommerburg
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Haag L, Blankenburg J, Unrath M, Grabietz J, Kahre E, Galow L, Schneider J, Dalpke AH, Lück C, Büttner L, Berner R, Armann JP. Prevalence and Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2 in Childcare Facilities: A Longitudinal Study. J Pediatr 2021; 237:136-142. [PMID: 34324882 PMCID: PMC8313816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of childcare facilities in the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a longitudinal study to gain further knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, transmission, and spread among preschool children, their parents, and their caregivers. STUDY DESIGN Children aged 1-6 years, their parents, and their caregivers in 14 childcare facilities in Dresden, Saxony/Germany were invited to participate in the KiTaCoviDD19-study between July 2020 and January 2021. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was assessed up to 4 times during the study period in all participating adults, and demographic characteristics, as well as epidemiologic information on personal SARS-CoV-2 history were obtained. Samples for stool virus shedding of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction every 2-4 weeks in all participating children. RESULTS In total, 318 children, 299 parents and 233 childcare workers were enrolled. By January 2021, 11% of the participating adults were found to be seropositive, whereas the percentage of children shedding SARS-CoV-2 was 6.8%. Overall, we detected 17 children with SARS-CoV-2 virus shedding in 8 different childcare facilities. In 4 facilities, there were a maximum of 3 connected cases in children. Approximately 50% of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the children could not be connected to a secondary case in our study population. CONCLUSIONS This study does not provide evidence of relevant asymptomatic ("silent") spread of SARS-CoV-2 in childcare facilities in both low- and high-prevalence settings. Our findings add to the evidence that childcare and educational settings do not have a crucial role in driving the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Haag
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Blankenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Manja Unrath
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Grabietz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kahre
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Galow
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josephine Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander H. Dalpke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Lück
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leo Büttner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob P. Armann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Körholz J, Gabrielyan A, Sowerby JM, Boschann F, Chen LS, Paul D, Brandt D, Kleymann J, Kolditz M, Toepfner N, Knöfler R, Jacobsen EM, Wolf C, Conrad K, Röber N, Lee-Kirsch MA, Smith KGC, Mundlos S, Berner R, Dalpke AH, Schuetz C, Rae W. One Gene, Many Facets: Multiple Immune Pathway Dysregulation in SOCS1 Haploinsufficiency. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680334. [PMID: 34421895 PMCID: PMC8375263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) present with a large phenotypic spectrum of disease, which can pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a key negative regulator of cytokine signaling, and has recently been associated with a novel IEI. Of patients described to date, it is apparent that SOCS1 haploinsufficiency has a pleiotropic effect in humans. Objective We sought to investigate whether dysregulation of immune pathways, in addition to STAT1, play a role in the broad clinical manifestations of SOCS1 haploinsufficiency. Methods We assessed impacts of reduced SOCS1 expression across multiple immune cell pathways utilizing patient cells and CRISPR/Cas9 edited primary human T cells. Results SOCS1 haploinsufficiency phenotypes straddled across the International Union of Immunological Societies classifications of IEI. We found that reduced SOCS1 expression led to dysregulation of multiple intracellular pathways in immune cells. STAT1 phosphorylation is enhanced, comparably with STAT1 gain-of-function mutations, and STAT3 phosphorylation is similarly reduced with concurrent reduction of Th17 cells. Furthermore, reduced SOCS1 E3 ligase function was associated with increased FAK1 in immune cells, and increased AKT and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase phosphorylation. We also found Toll-like receptor responses are increased in SOCS1 haploinsufficiency patients. Conclusions SOCS1 haploinsufficiency is a pleiotropic monogenic IEI. Dysregulation of multiple immune cell pathways may explain the variable clinical phenotype associated with this new condition. Knowledge of these additional dysregulated immune pathways is important when considering the optimum management for SOCS1 haploinsufficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Körholz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,UniversitätsCentrum für seltene Erkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anastasia Gabrielyan
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - John M Sowerby
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Boschann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lan-Sun Chen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Diana Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Janina Kleymann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kolditz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Toepfner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Knöfler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Christine Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadja Röber
- Institute of Immunology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Min Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,UniversitätsCentrum für seltene Erkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Research Group (RG) Development and Disease, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,UniversitätsCentrum für seltene Erkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,UniversitätsCentrum für seltene Erkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - William Rae
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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11
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Probst K, Nurjadi D, Heeg K, Frede AM, Dalpke AH, Boutin S. Molecular Detection of Carbapenemases in Enterobacterales: A Comparison of Real-Time Multiplex PCR and Whole-Genome Sequencing. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060726. [PMID: 34208657 PMCID: PMC8233969 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales are a growing problem in healthcare systems worldwide. While whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has become a powerful tool for analyzing transmission and possible outbreaks, it remains laborious, and the limitations in diagnostic workflows are not well studied. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of WGS and real-time multiplex PCR (RT-qPCR) for diagnosing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. In this study, we analyzed 92 phenotypically carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, sent to the University Hospital Heidelberg in 2019, by the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) and compared WGS and RT-qPCR as genotypic carbapenemase detection methods. In total, 80.4% of the collected isolates were identified as carbapenemase producers. For six isolates, discordant results were recorded for WGS, PCR and CIM, as the carbapenemase genes were initially not detected by WGS. A reanalysis using raw reads, rather than assembly, highlighted a coverage issue with failure to detect carbapenemases located in contigs with a coverage lower than 10×, which were then discarded. Our study shows that multiplex RT-qPCR and CIM can be a simple alternative to WGS for basic surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales. Using WGS in clinical workflow has some limitations, especially regarding coverage and sensitivity. We demonstrate that antimicrobial resistance gene detection should be performed on the raw reads or non-curated draft genome to increase sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Probst
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.N.); (K.H.); (A.-M.F.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-36420; Fax: +49-6221-56-5857
| | - Dennis Nurjadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.N.); (K.H.); (A.-M.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.N.); (K.H.); (A.-M.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Anne-Marie Frede
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.N.); (K.H.); (A.-M.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Alexander H. Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.N.); (K.H.); (A.-M.F.); (S.B.)
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Kirsten C, Unrath M, Lück C, Dalpke AH, Berner R, Armann J. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in students and teachers: a longitudinal study from May to October 2020 in German secondary schools. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049876. [PMID: 34112645 PMCID: PMC8193693 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in secondary schools after their reopening in May 2020. DESIGN Repeated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study after the reopening of schools and 4 months later. SETTING Secondary school in Dresden, Germany. PARTICIPANTS 1538 students grades 8-12 and 507 teachers from 13 schools. INTERVENTIONS Serial blood sampling and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody assessment. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURE Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in study population. Number of undetected cases. RESULTS 1538 students and 507 teachers were initially enrolled, and 1334 students and 445 teachers completed both study visits. The seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 0.6% in May/June and the same in September/October. Even in schools with reported COVID-19 cases before the lockdown of 13 March, no clusters could be identified. Of 12 persons with positive serology five had a known history of confirmed COVID-19; 23 out of 24 participants with a household history of COVID-91 were seronegative. CONCLUSIONS Schools do not play a crucial role in driving the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a low-prevalence setting. Transmission in families occurs very infrequently, and the number of unreported cases is low in this age group. These observations do not support school closures as a strategy fighting the pandemic in a low-prevalence setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00022455.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kirsten
- Department of Pediatrics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Unrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Lück
- Institute for Virology and Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Institute for Virology and Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berner
- Department of Pediatrics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Armann
- Department of Pediatrics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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13
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Leitz DHW, Duerr J, Mulugeta S, Seyhan Agircan A, Zimmermann S, Kawabe H, Dalpke AH, Beers MF, Mall MA. Congenital Deletion of Nedd4-2 in Lung Epithelial Cells Causes Progressive Alveolitis and Pulmonary Fibrosis in Neonatal Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6146. [PMID: 34200296 PMCID: PMC8201155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies found that expression of NEDD4-2 is reduced in lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and that the conditional deletion of Nedd4-2 in lung epithelial cells causes IPF-like disease in adult mice via multiple defects, including dysregulation of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), TGFβ signaling and the biosynthesis of surfactant protein-C proprotein (proSP-C). However, knowledge of the impact of congenital deletion of Nedd4-2 on the lung phenotype remains limited. In this study, we therefore determined the effects of congenital deletion of Nedd4-2 in the lung epithelial cells of neonatal doxycycline-induced triple transgenic Nedd4-2fl/fl/CCSP-rtTA2S-M2/LC1 mice, with a focus on clinical phenotype, survival, lung morphology, inflammation markers in BAL, mucin expression, ENaC function and proSP-C trafficking. We found that the congenital deletion of Nedd4-2 caused a rapidly progressive lung disease in neonatal mice that shares key features with interstitial lung diseases in children (chILD), including hypoxemia, growth failure, sterile pneumonitis, fibrotic lung remodeling and high mortality. The congenital deletion of Nedd4-2 in lung epithelial cells caused increased expression of Muc5b and mucus plugging of distal airways, increased ENaC activity and proSP-C mistrafficking. This model of congenital deletion of Nedd4-2 may support studies of the pathogenesis and preclinical development of therapies for chILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik H. W. Leitz
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.H.W.L.); (M.A.M.)
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 156, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Duerr
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.H.W.L.); (M.A.M.)
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 156, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Surafel Mulugeta
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk Suite 216, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.M.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Ayça Seyhan Agircan
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 156, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3D, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Department of Gerontology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, 2-2 Minatojima-Minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Alexander H. Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Michael F. Beers
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk Suite 216, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.M.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.H.W.L.); (M.A.M.)
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 156, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Galow L, Haag L, Kahre E, Blankenburg J, Dalpke AH, Lück C, Berner R, Armann JP. Lower household transmission rates of SARS-CoV-2 from children compared to adults. J Infect 2021; 83:e34-e36. [PMID: 33930468 PMCID: PMC8079264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Galow
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Luise Haag
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kahre
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Blankenburg
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Lück
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berner
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob P Armann
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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15
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Probst K, Boutin S, Bandilla M, Heeg K, Dalpke AH. Fast and automated detection of common carbapenemase genes using multiplex real-time PCR on the BD MAX™ system. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 185:106224. [PMID: 33872637 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fast detection of carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacilli is necessary for accurate antibiotic treatment, prevention of further spreading and surveillance purposes. We analyzed the current occurrence of gene variants and designed two multiplex PCRs with hydrolysis probes. The assay was developed for the BD MAX™ system that combines DNA extraction and PCR in a fully automated procedure providing results within 3 h and was evaluated for detection of carbapenemases from bacterial isolates and directly from rectal swabs. The assay has a theoretic coverage of 97.1% for carbapenemases detected during the last years by the German National Reference Laboratory (NRL). A collection of 151 isolates from the NRL was used and all carbapenemase-positive bacteria (58/58) were identified correctly. The direct-PCR on rectal swabs revealed additional carbapenemase genes in 7 samples that were not identified by the culture-based method used as reference method. The assay allows detection of carbapenemases from clinical isolates and might also help in rapid detection directly from rectal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Probst
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Heeg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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16
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Yi B, Dalpke AH, Boutin S. Changes in the Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiome in Response to CFTR Modulator Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:548613. [PMID: 33816324 PMCID: PMC8010178 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.548613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of CFTR modulator therapies significantly changed the treatment scheme of people with cystic fibrosis. However, CFTR modulator therapy is still a life-long treatment, which is not able to correct the genetic defect and cure the disease. Therefore, it becomes crucial to understand the effects of such modulation of CFTR function on the airway physiology, especially on airway infections and inflammation that are currently the major life-limiting factors in people with cystic fibrosis. In this context, understanding the dynamics of airway microbiome changes in response to modulator therapy plays an essential role in developing strategies for managing airway infections. Whether and how the newly available therapies affect the airway microbiome is still at the beginning of being deciphered. We present here a brief review summarizing the latest information about microbiome alterations in light of modern cystic fibrosis modulator therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buqing Yi
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Frey DL, Boutin S, Dittrich SA, Graeber SY, Stahl M, Wege S, Herth FJF, Sommerburg O, Schultz C, Mall MA, Dalpke AH. Relationship between airway dysbiosis, inflammation and lung function in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:754-760. [PMID: 33431308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Airway dysbiosis has been associated with lung disease severity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the relationship between dysbiosis, airway inflammation and lung function impairement remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was therefore to determine how the structure of the sputum microbiota, airway inflammation markers and spirometry are related in patients with CF. Sputum samples were collected from 106 CF patients between 12 and 72 years. These were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Moreover, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α) and Neutrophil elastase (NE) were determined. The relationship between the microbiota, inflammation markers and forced expiratory volume in one second percent predicted (FEV1% predicted) was evaluated by multi-parameter analysis. The microbiota α-diversity correlated inverse with inflammation markers IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, NE and positively with FEV1% predicted. Patients could be divided into 7 clusters based on their microbiota structure. The most diverse cluster was defined by oropharyngeal-like flora (OF) while the others were characterized by the dominance of a single pathogen. Patients with the diverse OF microbiota cluster had lower sputum inflammatory markers and higher FEV1% predicted compared to patients with a pathogen-dominated microbiota including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our results suggest that the diversity of the airway microbiota is an important biomarker of the severity of airway inflammation linking dysbiosis to lung function decline in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario L Frey
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne A Dittrich
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Y Graeber
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Stahl
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Wege
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Sommerburg
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Sörensen M, Khakimov B, Nurjadi D, Boutin S, Yi B, Dalpke AH, Eigenbrod T. Comparative evaluation of the effect of different growth media on in vitro sensitivity to azithromycin in multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:197. [PMID: 33298147 PMCID: PMC7724801 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term treatment with azithromycin is a therapeutic option in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa. It was recently shown that azithromycin has direct antimicrobial activity when P. aeruginosa isolates are tested in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (RPMI 1640/FCS) by broth microdilution. We now investigated whether (i) azithromycin might also be active against multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolated from CF patients and (ii) how in vitro sensitivity assays perform in synthetic cystic fibrosis sputum medium (SCFM), a medium that mimics the particular CF airway environment. In 17 (59%) out of 29 MDR P. aeruginosa CF isolates MICs for azithromycin ranged between 0.25 and 8 μg/ml and 12 isolates (41%) showed a MIC ≥512 μg/ml when measured in RPMI/FCS. In contrast, MICs were ≥ 256 μg/ml for all P. aeruginosa MDR isolates when tested in either SCFM or in conventional cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton Broth. High MIC values observed in CF adapted medium SCFM for both PAO1 and MDR P. aeruginosa CF isolates, as opposed to findings in RPMI, argue against routine azithromycin MIC testing of CF isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sörensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Laboratory Enders and Partners, 70193, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Bakhodur Khakimov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Nurjadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Buqing Yi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,SLK-Kliniken Heilbronn, 74080, Heilbronn, Germany.
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19
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Kolbe U, Yi B, Poth T, Saunders A, Boutin S, Dalpke AH. Early Cytokine Induction Upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Murine Precision Cut Lung Slices Depends on Sensing of Bacterial Viability. Front Immunol 2020; 11:598636. [PMID: 33250899 PMCID: PMC7673395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breathing allows a multitude of airborne microbes and microbial compounds to access the lung. Constant exposure of the pulmonary microenvironment to immunogenic particles illustrates the need for proper control mechanisms ensuring the differentiation between threatening and harmless encounters. Discrimination between live and dead bacteria has been suggested to be such a mechanism. In this study, we performed infection studies of murine precision cut lung slices (PCLS) with live or heat-killed P. aeruginosa, in order to investigate the role of viability for induction of an innate immune response. We demonstrate that PCLS induce a robust transcriptomic rewiring upon infection with live but not heat-killed P. aeruginosa. Using mutants of the P. aeruginosa clinical isolate CHA, we show that the viability status of P. aeruginosa is assessed in PCLS by TLR5-independent sensing of flagellin and recognition of the type three secretion system. We further demonstrate that enhanced cytokine expression towards live P. aeruginosa is mediated by uptake of viable but not heat-killed bacteria. Finally, by using a combined approach of receptor blockage and genetically modified PCLS we report a redundant involvement of MARCO and CD200R1 in the uptake of live P. aeruginosa in PCLS. Altogether, our results show that PCLS adapt the extent of cytokine expression to the viability status of P. aeruginosa by specifically internalizing live bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kolbe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Buqing Yi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tanja Poth
- CMCP-Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amy Saunders
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Sörensen M, Kantorek J, Byrnes L, Boutin S, Mall MA, Lasitschka F, Zabeck H, Nguyen D, Dalpke AH. Corrigendum: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Modulates the Antiviral Response of Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1453. [PMID: 32754158 PMCID: PMC7366873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sörensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Laboratory Enders and Partners, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Kantorek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lauren Byrnes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,TI Biobanking, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Zabeck
- Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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21
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Boutin S, Dalpke AH. The Microbiome: A Reservoir to Discover New Antimicrobials Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1291-1299. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200320112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nature offered mankind the first golden era of discovery of novel antimicrobials based on
the ability of eukaryotes or micro-organisms to produce such compounds. The microbial world proved
to be a huge reservoir of such antimicrobial compounds which play important functional roles in every
environment. However, most of those organisms are still uncultivable in a classical way, and therefore,
the use of extended culture or DNA based methods (metagenomics) to discover novel compounds
promises usefulness. In the past decades, the advances in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics
revealed the enormous diversity of the microbial worlds and the functional repertoire available for
studies. Thus, data-mining becomes of particular interest in the context of the increased need for new
antibiotics due to antimicrobial resistance and the rush in antimicrobial discovery. In this review, an
overview of principles will be presented to discover new natural compounds from the microbiome. We
describe culture-based and culture-independent (metagenomic) approaches that have been developed to
identify new antimicrobials and the input of those methods in the field as well as their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H. Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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22
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Schmitt FCF, Lipinski A, Hofer S, Uhle F, Nusshag C, Hackert T, Dalpke AH, Weigand MA, Brenner T, Boutin S. Pulmonary microbiome patterns correlate with the course of the disease in patients with sepsis-induced ARDS following major abdominal surgery. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105:S0195-6701(20)30203-6. [PMID: 32339614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with sepsis-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) are hallmarked by high mortality rates. Early, targeted antibiotic therapy is crucial for patients' survival. The clinical use of a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based approach for pathogen identification may lead to an improved diagnostic performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine changes in the pulmonary-microbiome and resulting influences on patients' outcome in septic ARDS, but also to compare NGS- and culture-based diagnostic methods for pathogen identification. METHODS In total, 30 patients in two groups were enrolled in the study: (1) 15 septic ARDS patients following major abdominal surgery and (2) 15 patients undergoing oesophageal resection serving as controls. In the ARDS group, blood samples were collected at ARDS onset as well as 5 days and 10 days afterwards. At the same timepoints, bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed to collect epithelial lining fluid for culture-, as well as NGS-based analyses and to evaluate longitudinal changes in the pulmonary microbiome. In the control group, only one BAL and one blood sample were collected. RESULTS ARDS patients showed a significantly reduced α-diversity (p=0.007**) and an increased dominance (p=0.012*) in their pulmonary-microbiome. The α-diversity-index correlated with the length of stay in the intensive care unit (p-value=0.015) and the need for mechanical ventilation (p-value=0.009). In 42.9% of all ARDS patients, culture-based results were negative, while NGS findings indicated bacterial colonization. CONCLUSION Sepsis-induced ARDS is associated with a significant dysbiosis of patients' pulmonary-microbiome, which is closely correlated with the clinical course of the disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION This prospective, observational pilot study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg (trial code no. S-063/2015) and was prospectively registered in the German clinical trials register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00008317 prospectively registered: 28.10.2015). All study patients or their legal representatives signed written informed consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C F Schmitt
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anna Lipinski
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hofer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Kaiserslautern Westpfalz Hospital, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Florian Uhle
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center For Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center For Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Sörensen M, Kantorek J, Byrnes L, Boutin S, Mall MA, Lasitschka F, Zabeck H, Nguyen D, Dalpke AH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Modulates the Antiviral Response of Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:96. [PMID: 32117250 PMCID: PMC7025480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients frequently acquire Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections that have been associated with a bad prognosis and an increased rate of pulmonary exacerbations. Respiratory viruses can cause exacerbations in chronic pulmonary diseases including COPD or asthma and have been suggested to contribute to exacerbations also in CF. In this study we investigated a possible link between P. aeruginosa infection and susceptibility to respiratory viruses. We show that P. aeruginosa is able to block the antiviral response of airway epithelial cells thereby promoting virus infection and spread. Mechanistically, P. aeruginosa secretes the protease AprA in a LasR dependent manner, which is able of directly degrading epithelial-derived IFNλ resulting in inhibition of IFN signaling. In addition, we correlate the virus infection status of CF patients with the ability of patients' P. aeruginosa isolates to degrade IFNλ. In line with this, the infection status of CF patients correlated significantly with the amount of respiratory viruses in sputum. Our data suggest that the interplay between P. aeruginosa and respiratory virus infections might partially explain the association of increased rates of pulmonary exacerbations and P. aeruginosa infections in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sörensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Laboratory Enders and Partners, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Kantorek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lauren Byrnes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,TI Biobanking, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Zabeck
- Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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24
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Kocer K, Boutin S, Dalpke AH, Heeg K, Mutters NT, Nurjadi D. Comparative genomic analysis reveals a high prevalence of inter-species in vivo transfer of carbapenem-resistance plasmids in patients with haematological malignancies. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:780.e1-780.e8. [PMID: 31654794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conjugative gene transfer has been considered as one of the driving factors in the transmission and dissemination of multidrug resistance in bacteria. The abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes and bacteria in the gut microbiome may provide the ideal platform for plasmid exchange. Systematic data on in vivo horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and its frequency are scarce. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and ninety-six carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli (CRGNBs) from 179 patients (158 inpatients and 21 outpatients) between January 2016 and April 2017 were analysed retrospectively. Alignment of plasmid content for 32 isolates from 16 patients with multiple CRGNB species was performed from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. RESULTS Sixteen of the 179 patients (8.9%) were colonized and/or infected with more than one CRGNB species; 11/179 (6.1%) were colonized by multiple carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CREs) and 5/179 (2.8%) by carbapenem-resistant non-fermenters (CRNFs) and CREs. WGS suggested interspecies transfer as the predominant mechanism rather than independent acquisition in 8/10 patients (80%, one non-recoverable isolate) with multiple CREs but not in CRNF-CRE combinations; 30/158 inpatients (20%) had underlying haematological malignancies, and they are more likely to exhibit multiple CRGNB strains (OR 3.0, 95%CI 0.98-8.89, p 0.05) and CRE strains (OR 3.9, 95%CI 1.02-14.58, p 0.04) during hospital stay compared to other patient groups. CONCLUSION Our data give insight into the occurrence of natural in vivo HGT in a clinical setting. Better understanding of HGT will help optimize containment measures and may guide antibiotic stewardship programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kocer
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - S Boutin
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - A H Dalpke
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - K Heeg
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N T Mutters
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D Nurjadi
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Freund I, Buhl DK, Boutin S, Kotter A, Pichot F, Marchand V, Vierbuchen T, Heine H, Motorin Y, Helm M, Dalpke AH, Eigenbrod T. 2'- O-methylation within prokaryotic and eukaryotic tRNA inhibits innate immune activation by endosomal Toll-like receptors but does not affect recognition of whole organisms. RNA 2019; 25:869-880. [PMID: 31019095 PMCID: PMC6573781 DOI: 10.1261/rna.070243.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial RNA has emerged as an important activator of innate immune responses by stimulating Toll-like receptors TLR7 and TLR8 in humans. Guanosine 2'-O-methylation at position 18 (Gm18) in bacterial tRNA was shown to antagonize tRNA-induced TLR7/8 activation, suggesting a potential role of Gm18 as an immune escape mechanism. This modification also occurs in eukaryotic tRNA, yet a physiological immune function remained to be tested. We therefore set out to investigate the immune modulatory role of Gm18 in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and in human cells. Using RiboMethSeq analysis we show that mutation of trmH in E. coli, trm3 in S. cereviase, and CRISPR/Cas9-induced knockout of TARBP1 in H. sapiens results in loss of Gm18 within tRNA. Lack of Gm18 across the kingdoms resulted in increased immunostimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells when activated by tRNA preparations. In E. coli, lack of 2'-O-methyltransferase trmH also enhanced immune stimulatory properties by whole cellular RNA. In contrast, lack of Gm18 in yeasts and human cells did not affect immunostimulation by whole RNA preparations. When using live E. coli bacteria, lack of trmH did not affect overall immune stimulation although we detected a defined TLR8/RNA-dependent gene expression signature upon E. coli infection. Together, these results demonstrate that Gm18 is a global immune inhibitory tRNA modification across the kingdoms and contributes to tRNA recognition by innate immune cells, but as an individual modification has insufficient potency to modulate recognition of the investigated microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Freund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel K Buhl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Kotter
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Pichot
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- IMoPA UMR7365 CNRS-Lorraine University, BioPole Lorraine University, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Virginie Marchand
- UMS2008 IBSLor, CNRS-Lorraine University-INSERM, BioPole Lorraine University, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Tim Vierbuchen
- Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Holger Heine
- Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Yuri Motorin
- IMoPA UMR7365 CNRS-Lorraine University, BioPole Lorraine University, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Hafner A, Kolbe U, Freund I, Castiglia V, Kovarik P, Poth T, Herster F, Weigand MA, Weber ANR, Dalpke AH, Eigenbrod T. Crucial Role of Nucleic Acid Sensing via Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors for the Defense of Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro and in vivo. Front Immunol 2019; 10:198. [PMID: 30846984 PMCID: PMC6394247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a major human pathogen causing a variety of diseases ranging from common pharyngitis to life-threatening soft tissue infections and sepsis. Microbial nucleic acids, especially bacterial RNA, have recently been recognized as a major group of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) involved in the detection of Streptococcus pyogenes via endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in vitro. However, the individual contribution and cooperation between TLRs as well as cell-type and strain specific differences in dependency on nucleic acid detection during S. pyogenes infection in vitro have not been clarified in detail. Moreover, the role of particularly bacterial RNA for the defense of S. pyogenes infection in vivo remains poorly defined. In this study, we report that in all investigated innate immune cells involved in the resolution of bacterial infections, including murine macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, recognition of S. pyogenes strain ATCC12344 is almost completely dependent on nucleic acid sensing via endosomal TLRs at lower MOIs, whereas at higher MOIs, detection via TLR2 plays an additional, yet redundant role. We further demonstrate that different S. pyogenes strains display a considerable inter-strain variability with respect to their nucleic acid dependent recognition. Moreover, TLR13-dependent recognition of S. pyogenes RNA is largely non-redundant in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), but less relevant in neutrophils and bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (BMDCs) for the induction of an innate immune response in vitro. In vivo, we show that a loss of nucleic acid sensing blunts early recognition of S. pyogenes, leading to a reduced local containment of the bacterial infection with subsequent pronounced systemic inflammation at later time points. Thus, our results argue for a crucial role of nucleic acid sensing via endosomal TLRs in defense of S. pyogenes infection both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hafner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kolbe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Freund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Virginia Castiglia
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Poth
- Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Herster
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander N R Weber
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Schmitt FCF, Brenner T, Uhle F, Loesch S, Hackert T, Ulrich A, Hofer S, Dalpke AH, Weigand MA, Boutin S. Gut microbiome patterns correlate with higher postoperative complication rates after pancreatic surgery. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:42. [PMID: 30777006 PMCID: PMC6379976 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative complications are of great relevance in daily clinical practice, and the gut microbiome might play an important role by preventing pathogens from crossing the intestinal barrier. The two aims of this prospective clinical pilot study were: (1) to examine changes in the gut microbiome following pancreatic surgery, and (2) to correlate these changes with the postoperative course of the patient. Results In total, 116 stool samples of 32 patients undergoing pancreatic surgery were analysed by 16S-rRNA gene next-generation sequencing. One sample per patient was collected preoperatively in order to determine the baseline gut microbiome without exposure to surgical stress and/or antibiotic use. At least two further samples were obtained within the first 10 days following the surgical procedure to observe longitudinal changes in the gut microbiome. Whenever complications occurred, further samples were examined. Based on the structure of the gut microbiome, the samples could be allocated into three different microbial communities (A, B and C). Community B showed an increase in Akkermansia, Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroidales as well as a decrease in Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella and Bacteroides. Patients showing a microbial composition resembling community B at least once during the observation period were found to have a significantly higher risk for developing postoperative complications (B vs. A, odds ratio = 4.96, p < 0.01**; B vs. C, odds ratio = 2.89, p = 0.019*). Conclusions The structure of the gut microbiome is associated with the development of postoperative complications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1399-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C F Schmitt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 110, Im Neuenheimer Feld, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 110, Im Neuenheimer Feld, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Uhle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 110, Im Neuenheimer Feld, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Loesch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 110, Im Neuenheimer Feld, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hofer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaiserslautern Westpfalz Hospital, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 110, Im Neuenheimer Feld, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Grünvogel O, Colasanti O, Lee JY, Klöss V, Belouzard S, Reustle A, Esser-Nobis K, Hesebeck-Brinckmann J, Mutz P, Hoffmann K, Mehrabi A, Koschny R, Vondran FWR, Gotthardt D, Schnitzler P, Neumann-Haefelin C, Thimme R, Binder M, Bartenschlager R, Dubuisson J, Dalpke AH, Lohmann V. Secretion of Hepatitis C Virus Replication Intermediates Reduces Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 2018. [PMID: 29535029 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections most often result in chronic outcomes, although the virus constantly produces replication intermediates, in particular double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), representing potent inducers of innate immunity. We aimed to characterize the fate of HCV dsRNA in hepatocyte cultures to identify mechanisms contributing to viral persistence in presence of an active innate immune response. METHODS We analyzed hepatocyte-based culture models for HCV for induction of innate immunity, secretion of virus positive- or negative-strand RNA, and viral replication using different quantification methods and microscopy techniques. Expression of pattern recognition receptors was reconstituted in hepatoma cells by lentiviral transduction. RESULTS HCV-infected cells secrete substantial amounts of virus positive- and negative-strand RNAs in extracellular vesicles (EVs), toward the apical and basolateral domain of hepatocytes. Secretion of negative-strand RNA was independent from virus production, and viral RNA secreted in EVs contained higher relative amounts of negative-strands, indicating that mostly virus dsRNA is released. A substantial part of viral replication complexes and dsRNA was found in the endosomal compartment and multivesicular bodies, indicating that secretion of HCV replication intermediates is mediated by the exosomal pathway. Block of vesicle release in HCV-positive cells increased intracellular dsRNA levels and increased activation of toll-like receptor 3, inhibiting HCV replication. CONCLUSIONS Using hepatocyte-based culture models for HCV, we found a portion of HCV dsRNA intermediates to be released from infected cells in EVs, which reduces activation of toll-like receptor 3. This represents a novel mechanism how HCV evades host immune responses, potentially contributing to viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grünvogel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ombretta Colasanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Klöss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandrine Belouzard
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, France
| | - Anna Reustle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Esser-Nobis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Pascal Mutz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronald Koschny
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Intoxication, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery (ReMediES), Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Gotthardt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Intoxication, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Schnitzler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Marco Binder
- Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, France
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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29
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Boutin S, Weitnauer M, Hassel S, Graeber SY, Stahl M, Dittrich AS, Mall MA, Dalpke AH. One time quantitative PCR detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to discriminate intermittent from chronic infection in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 17:348-355. [PMID: 29336943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic airway infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major risk factor of progression of lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Chronic P. aeruginosa infection evolves from intermittent infection that is amenable to antibiotic eradication, whereas chronically adapted P. aeruginosa becomes resistant to antibiotic therapy. Discrimination of intermittent versus chronic infection is therefore of high therapeutic relevance, yet the available diagnostic methods are only partly satisfactory. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to evaluate the usage of quantitative PCR (qPCR) to measure pathogen abundance and to discriminate between intermittent and chronic Pseudomonas infection in patients with CF. METHOD Using an established qPCR protocol, we analyzed the abundance of P. aeruginosa in 141 throats swabs and 238 sputa from CF patients with intermittent or chronic infection with P. aeruginosa, as determined by standard culture based diagnostics. RESULTS We observed a large increase of abundance of P. aeruginosa in throat swabs and sputum samples from patients with chronic compared to intermittent infections with P. aeruginosa. The data show that abundance of P. aeruginosa as measured by qPCR is a valuable tool to discriminate intermittent from chronic infection. Of note, P. aeruginosa burden seems more sensitive than mucoidity phenotype to discriminate chronic from intermittent strains. Furthermore we observed that molecular detection in throat swabs was linked to a viable culture in the sputum when sputum was available. This result is of special interest in young patients with cystic fibrosis that often cannot expectorate sputum. We also observed that qPCR in comparison to culture detected the infection earlier. CONCLUSION The results suggest that qPCR detection and quantification of P. aeruginosa is a precious tool to be added to the diagnostic toolbox in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Weitnauer
- Department of Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selina Hassel
- Department of Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Y Graeber
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Stahl
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Susanne Dittrich
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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30
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Boutin S, Graeber SY, Stahl M, Dittrich AS, Mall MA, Dalpke AH. Chronic but not intermittent infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with global changes of the lung microbiome in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/4/1701086. [PMID: 28982777 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01086-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Boutin
- Dept of Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Y Graeber
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Stahl
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Susanne Dittrich
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Dept of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Contributed equally as senior authors
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Dept of Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany .,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Contributed equally as senior authors
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31
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Klöss V, Grünvogel O, Wabnitz G, Eigenbrod T, Ehrhardt S, Lasitschka F, Lohmann V, Dalpke AH. Interaction and Mutual Activation of Different Innate Immune Cells Is Necessary to Kill and Clear Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1238. [PMID: 29085359 PMCID: PMC5649152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells can sense hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected cells and respond with anti-viral actions including secretion of interferons (IFNs). In previous studies, the response of individual innate immune cells against HCV was analyzed in detail. We hypothesized that interaction of multiple innate immune cells increases the magnitude of the immune response and eventually leads to clearance of HCV-infected cells. To investigate this, we co-cultured Huh-7 HCV subgenomic replicon (SGR) cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We confirm secretion of IFNα by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and IFNγ by natural killer (NK) cells in the co-culture setup. Moreover, we observed that also monocytes contribute to the anti-viral response. Flow cytometry and ImageStream analysis demonstrated that monocytes take up material from HCV SGR cells in co-culture with PBMCs. Preceding the uptake, PBMCs caused apoptosis of HCV SGR cells by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression on NK cells. We observed that only the interplay of monocytes, pDCs, and NK cells resulted in efficient clearance of HCV SGR cells, while these cell populations alone did not kill HCV SGR cells. Despite similar TRAIL receptor expression on Huh-7 control cells and HCV SGR cells, HCV activated PBMCs specifically killed HCV SGR cells and did not target Huh-7 control cells. Finally, we showed that HCV replicating cells per se are sensitive toward TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Our results highlight the importance of the interplay of different innate immune cells to initiate an efficient, rapid, and specific response against HCV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Klöss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Grünvogel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Wabnitz
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ehrhardt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Schmitt FCF, Freund I, Weigand MA, Helm M, Dalpke AH, Eigenbrod T. Identification of an optimized 2'- O-methylated trinucleotide RNA motif inhibiting Toll-like receptors 7 and 8. RNA 2017; 23:1344-1351. [PMID: 28576825 PMCID: PMC5558904 DOI: 10.1261/rna.061952.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial RNA serves an important function as activator of the innate immune system. In humans bacterial RNA is sensed by the endosomal receptors TLR7 and TLR8. Differences in the posttranscriptional modification profile of prokaryotic when compared with eukaryotic RNA allow innate immune cells to discriminate between "host" and "foreign" RNA. Ribose 2'-O-methylation is of particular importance and has been reported to antagonize TLR7/8 activation. Yet, the exact sequence context in which 2'-O-methylation has to occur to mediate its inhibitory activity remains largely undefined. On the basis of a naturally occurring 2'-O-methylated RNA sequence, we performed a systematic permutation of the methylated nucleotide as well as adjacent bases and hereby identify two minimal trinucleotide motifs within a 9-mer oligoribonucleotide that are necessary and sufficient to antagonize TLR7 and TLR8 activation, respectively. Given the growing interest in the development of inhibitors of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs for therapeutic purposes, these results will facilitate the rational design of such antagonists in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C F Schmitt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Freund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Kuon RJ, Togawa R, Vomstein K, Weber M, Goeggl T, Strowitzki T, Markert UR, Zimmermann S, Daniel V, Dalpke AH, Toth B. Higher prevalence of colonization with Gardnerella vaginalis and gram-negative anaerobes in patients with recurrent miscarriage and elevated peripheral natural killer cells. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 120:15-19. [PMID: 28388469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of vaginal infections in recurrent miscarriage (RM) is discussed controversially and screening is not recommended in international guidelines. Peripheral and uterine NK cells (pNK, uNK) play an important role in the establishment of a healthy pregnancy and are targets of immune diagnostics in RM patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition of the vaginal microbiota in RM patients and to correlate the findings to clinical characteristics as well as NK cell parameters. In total, n=243 RM patients with ≥3 consecutive miscarriages were recruited between 11/2011 and 03/2016. Vaginal swabs were analyzed by microbiological culture. Further, a cervical swab was taken in n=187 patients and the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis was evaluated by a molecular assay. Peripheral blood levels of CD45+CD3-CD56+CD16+ pNK (determined by four-color fluorescence flow cytometry) and CD56+ uNK (uterine biopsy, determined by immunohistochemistry) were analyzed. The prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis colonization in RM patients was 19.0%, gram-negative anaerobes 20.5%, Candida species 7.9%, group B Streptococcus 11.0% and Enterobacteriaceae 14.8%. Commensal lactobacilli were absent in 14.5% of the women. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in n=1 case (0.53%). The prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis and gram-negative anaerobes in RM patients with elevated pNK (>280/μl, n=69) was significantly higher (p=0.012, p=0.04) compared to patients with normal pNK (n=174). In conclusion, RM patients with elevated pNK suffer more often from colonization by Gardnerella vaginalis and gram-negative anaerobes. This might indicate an association between the vaginal microbiota, local inflammation, changes in immune parameters and miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kuon
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Togawa
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Vomstein
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Weber
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - T Goeggl
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U R Markert
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - S Zimmermann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Daniel
- Transplantation-Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Toth
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Hellmuth I, Freund I, Schlöder J, Seidu-Larry S, Thüring K, Slama K, Langhanki J, Kaloyanova S, Eigenbrod T, Krumb M, Röhm S, Peneva K, Opatz T, Jonuleit H, Dalpke AH, Helm M. Bioconjugation of Small Molecules to RNA Impedes Its Recognition by Toll-Like Receptor 7. Front Immunol 2017; 8:312. [PMID: 28392787 PMCID: PMC5364167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental mechanism of the innate immune system is the recognition, via extra- and intracellular pattern-recognition receptors, of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. A prominent example is represented by foreign nucleic acids, triggering the activation of several signaling pathways. Among these, the endosomal toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is known to be activated by single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), which can be specifically influenced through elements of sequence structure and posttranscriptional modifications. Furthermore, small molecules TLR7 agonists (smTLRa) are applied as boosting adjuvants in vaccination processes. In this context, covalent conjugations between adjuvant and vaccines have been reported to exhibit synergistic effects. Here, we describe a concept to chemically combine three therapeutic functions in one RNA bioconjugate. This consists in the simultaneous TLR7 stimulation by ssRNA and smTLRa as well as the therapeutic function of the RNA itself, e.g., as a vaccinating or knockdown agent. We have hence synthesized bioconjugates of mRNA and siRNA containing covalently attached smTLRa and tested their function in TLR7 stimulation. Strikingly, the bioconjugates displayed decreased rather than synergistically increased stimulation. The decrease was distinct from the antagonistic action of an siRNA bearing a Gm motive, as observed by direct comparison of the effects in the presence of otherwise stimulatory RNA. In summary, these investigations showed that TRL7 activation can be impeded by bioconjugation of small molecules to RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Hellmuth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Isabel Freund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Janine Schlöder
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Salifu Seidu-Larry
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Kathrin Thüring
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Kaouthar Slama
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Jens Langhanki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | | | - Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Matthias Krumb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Sandra Röhm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPG) , Mainz , Germany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPG) , Mainz , Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Helmut Jonuleit
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
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Boutin S, Hagenfeld D, Zimmermann H, El Sayed N, Höpker T, Greiser HK, Becher H, Kim TS, Dalpke AH. Clustering of Subgingival Microbiota Reveals Microbial Disease Ecotypes Associated with Clinical Stages of Periodontitis in a Cross-Sectional Study. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:340. [PMID: 28298910 PMCID: PMC5331054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by chronic inflammation associated with alteration of the oral microbiota. In contrast to previous microbiome studies focusing a priori on comparison between extreme phenotypes, our study analyzed a random sample of 85 people. The aim of this study was to link microbial differences to disease’s prevalence and severity. Using next generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons and cluster analysis, we observed that the population can be divided into two major ecotypes: One mainly contained periodontal healthy/mild periodontitis individuals whereas the second ecotype showed a heterogeneous microbial distribution and clustered into three distinct sub-ecotypes. Those sub-ecotypes differed with respect to the frequency of diseased patients and displayed a gradual change in distinct subgingival microbiota that goes along with clinical disease symptoms. In ecotype 2, the subgroup with no clinical signs of disease was linked to an increase of F. nucleatum vincentii but also several other species, while only in “end-stage” dysbiosis classical red complex bacteria gained overweight. Therefore, the microbial disease ecotypes observed in our population can lead to an establishment of an early microbial risk profile for clinically healthy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL)Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hagenfeld
- Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, University Hospital MünsterMünster, Germany; Section of Periodontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Heidelberg University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nihad El Sayed
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Höpker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Halina K Greiser
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany
| | - Ti-Sun Kim
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL)Heidelberg, Germany
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Ng Kuet Leong N, Brombacher F, Dalpke AH, Weitnauer M. Crosstalk between glucocorticoids and IL-4 modulates Ym1 expression in alternatively activated myeloid cells. Immunobiology 2017; 222:759-767. [PMID: 28209270 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells induce a tolerogenic microenvironment by modulating immune cells in the lung. We recently showed that the supernatant of airway epithelial cells induces two marker genes of alternative activation, Ym1 and Ms4a8a, in respiratory myeloid cells. This induction was partially mediated by glucocorticoids, secreted by airway epithelial cells. In this study, we further investigated Ym1 and Ms4a8a regulation in alternatively activated myeloid cells in the presence of the TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. We show that Ym1 expression is boosted upon co-stimulation with airway epithelial cell supernatant and IL-4/IL-13, whereas Ms4a8a expression is down-regulated. This suggests that a crosstalk between IL-4/IL-13 and glucocorticoid signaling exists. Blocking protein synthesis indicated that dexamethasone-induced de novo protein synthesis is required for the interaction between glucocorticoid and IL-4 signaling regarding Ym1 regulation. Using reporter gene constructs, we demonstrate that the important regulatory region within the Ym1 promoter is found between -602bp and -969bp upstream of the start of translation. Bioinformatic analysis identified several glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in this region. Further analysis identified overlapping but functionally active glucocorticoid receptor and STAT-6 binding sites, supporting the cooperative effect of glucocorticoids and IL-4 in the regulation of Ym1. These findings further prove the plasticity and complexity of alternatively activated myeloid cells and the importance of the local microenvironment. We believe that this regulation is of special importance in the pulmonary system, since both factors, glucocorticoids and IL-4/13, play a role in airway diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Ng Kuet Leong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town & South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), South Africa
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL).
| | - Michael Weitnauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Boutin S, Dalpke AH. Acquisition and adaptation of the airway microbiota in the early life of cystic fibrosis patients. Mol Cell Pediatr 2017; 4:1. [PMID: 28097632 PMCID: PMC5241261 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease in which bacterial infections of the airways play a major role in the long-term clinical outcome. In recent years, a number of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based studies aimed at deciphering the structure and composition of the airways’ microbiota. It was shown that the nasal cavity of CF patients displays dysbiosis early in life indicating a failure in the first establishment of a healthy microbiota. In contrast, within the conducting and lower airways, the establishment occurs normally first, but is sensitive to future dysbiosis including chronic infections with classical pathogens in later life. The objective of this mini-review is to give an update on the current knowledge about the development of the microbiota in the early life of CF patients. Microbial acquisition in the human airways can be described by the island model: Microbes found in the lower airways of CF patients represent “islands” that are at first populated from the upper airways reflecting the “mainland.” Colonization can be modeled following the neutral theory in which the most abundant bacteria in the mainland are also frequently found in the lower airways initially. At later times, however, the colonization process of the lower airways segregates by active selection of specific microbes. Future research should focus on those processes of microbial and host interactions to understand how microbial communities are shaped on short- and long-term scales. We point out what therapeutic consequences arise from the microbiome data obtained within ecological framework models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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38
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Abstract
Superantigens trigger polyclonal activation of T lymphocytes with cytokine release that eventually may lead to lethal cytokine syndrome (toxic shock). In contrast, bacterial components that are recognized by Toll-like receptors ( e.g. LPS or CpG DNA) primarily target macrophages and dendritic cells. We have analyzed whether superantigens and TLR ligands interact with each other. We found that superantigens synergize with LPS in an IFN-γ-dependent pathway. More important, we found compelling evidence that superantigens prime the innate immune cell system to a subsequent challenge with endotoxin. This sensitization was critically dependent on T-cell derived IFN-γ. When we analyzed the underlying molecular mechanisms, we additionally found that TLR stimulation enhanced IFN-γ-mediated cellular responses. Moreover, TLR ligands induced proteins of the SOCS family thus shutting off IFN-γ-mediated cellular activation. Since IFN-γ is synthesized by T cells after superantigen triggering, these results show that superantigen and TLR pathways are interconnected and regulate each other. They further show that the outcome of this interaction may include activation as well as down-regulation of the respective response pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H. Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, -marburg.de
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39
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Boutin S, Stahl M, Graeber SY, Dittrich S, Mall M, Dalpke AH. Longitudinal analysis of cystic fibrosis of airways' microbiota. Pneumologie 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Mijošek V, Lasitschka F, Warth A, Zabeck H, Dalpke AH, Weitnauer M. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is a Danger Signal Promoting Innate Inflammatory Responses in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:464-78. [PMID: 27423489 DOI: 10.1159/000447668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that the combined activation of both Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and ER stress might increase inflammatory reactions in otherwise tolerant airway epithelial cells. Indeed, ER stress resulted in an increased response of BEAS-2B and human primary bronchial epithelial cells to pathogen-associated molecular pattern stimulation with respect to IL6 and IL8 production. ER stress elevated p38 and ERK MAP kinase activation, and pharmacological inhibition of these kinases could inhibit the boosting effect. Knockdown of unfolded protein response signaling indicated that mainly PERK and ATF6 were responsible for the synergistic activity. Specifically, PERK and ATF6 mediated increased MAPK activation, which is needed for effective cytokine secretion. We conclude that within airway epithelial cells the combined activation of TLR signaling and ER stress-mediated MAPK activation results in synergistic proinflammatory activity. We speculate that ER stress, present in various chronic pulmonary diseases, boosts TLR signaling and therefore proinflammatory cytokine production, thus acting as a costimulatory danger signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Mijošek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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41
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Weitnauer M, Mijošek V, Dalpke AH. Control of local immunity by airway epithelial cells. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:287-98. [PMID: 26627458 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The lung is ventilated by thousand liters of air per day. Inevitably, the respiratory system comes into contact with airborne microbial compounds, most of them harmless contaminants. Airway epithelial cells are known to have innate sensor functions, thus being able to detect microbial danger. To avoid chronic inflammation, the pulmonary system has developed specific means to control local immune responses. Even though airway epithelial cells can act as proinflammatory promoters, we propose that under homeostatic conditions airway epithelial cells are important modulators of immune responses in the lung. In this review, we discuss epithelial cell regulatory functions that control reactivity of professional immune cells within the microenvironment of the airways and how these mechanisms are altered in pulmonary diseases. Regulation by epithelial cells can be divided into two mechanisms: (1) mediators regulate epithelial cells' innate sensitivity in cis and (2) factors are produced that limit reactivity of immune cells in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weitnauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Mijošek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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Stammler D, Eigenbrod T, Menz S, Frick JS, Sweet MJ, Shakespear MR, Jantsch J, Siegert I, Wölfle S, Langer JD, Oehme I, Schaefer L, Fischer A, Knievel J, Heeg K, Dalpke AH, Bode KA. Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases Permits Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Secretion of Bioactive IL-1β via a Caspase-1-Independent Mechanism. J Immunol 2015; 195:5421-31. [PMID: 26519528 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi) are clinically approved anticancer drugs that have important immune-modulatory properties. We report the surprising finding that HDACi promote LPS-induced IL-1β processing and secretion in human and murine dendritic cells and murine macrophages. HDACi/LPS-induced IL-1β maturation and secretion kinetics differed completely from those observed upon inflammasome activation. Moreover, this pathway of IL-1β secretion was dependent on caspase-8 but was independent of the inflammasome components NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a carboxyl-terminal caspase-recruitment domain, and caspase-1. Genetic studies excluded HDAC6 and HDAC10 as relevant HDAC targets in this pathway, whereas pharmacological inhibitor studies implicated the involvement of HDAC11. Treatment of mice with HDACi in a dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model resulted in a strong increase in intestinal IL-1β, confirming that this pathway is also operative in vivo. Thus, in addition to the conventional inflammasome-dependent IL-1β cleavage pathway, dendritic cells and macrophages are capable of generating, secreting, and processing bioactive IL-1β by a novel, caspase-8-dependent mechanism. Given the widespread interest in the therapeutic targeting of IL-1β, as well as the use of HDACi for anti-inflammatory applications, these findings have substantial clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Stammler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sarah Menz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 70276, Germany
| | - Julia S Frick
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 70276, Germany
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Melanie R Shakespear
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Isabel Siegert
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sabine Wölfle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julian D Langer
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Ina Oehme
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Andre Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany; and
| | - Judith Knievel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Disease, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Konrad A Bode
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany;
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43
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Abstract
Microbial nucleic acids have been described as important activators of human innate immune responses by triggering so-called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are expressed on innate immune cells, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes. Although host and microbial nucleic acids share pronounced chemical and structural similarities, they significantly differ in their posttranscriptional modification profile, allowing the host to discriminate between self and nonself. In this regard, ribose 2'-O-methylation has been discovered as suppressor of RNA-induced PRR activation. Although 2'-O-methylation occurs with higher frequencies in eukaryotic than in prokaryotic RNA, the immunosuppressive properties of 2'-O-methylated nucleotides may be misused by certain bacteria as immune evasion mechanism. In the course of identifying inhibitory RNA modifications, our groups have synthesized and comparatively analyzed a series of differentially modified RNAs, so-called modivariants, for their immune stimulatory capacities. In this chapter, we will detail the protocols for the design and synthesis of RNA modivariants by molecular cut-and-paste techniques (referred to as molecular surgery) and describe testing of their immune stimulatory properties upon transfection into peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Rimbach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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45
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Eigenbrod T, Pelka K, Latz E, Kreikemeyer B, Dalpke AH. TLR8 Senses Bacterial RNA in Human Monocytes and Plays a Nonredundant Role for Recognition ofStreptococcus pyogenes. J I 2015; 195:1092-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Rimbach K, Kaiser S, Helm M, Dalpke AH, Eigenbrod T. 2'-O-Methylation within Bacterial RNA Acts as Suppressor of TLR7/TLR8 Activation in Human Innate Immune Cells. J Innate Immun 2015; 7:482-93. [PMID: 25823462 DOI: 10.1159/000375460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial RNA is an important stimulator of innate immune responses. Differences in posttranscriptional RNA modification profiles enable the immune system to discriminate between self and non-self nucleic acids. This principle may be exploited by certain bacteria to circumvent immune cell activation. In this regard, 2'-O-methylation of Escherichia coli tRNATyr at position 18 (Gm18) has recently been described to inhibit TLR7-mediated IFN-α production in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Extending these findings, we now demonstrate that Gm18 also potently inhibits TLR7-independent human monocyte activation by RNA derived from a variety of bacterial strains. The half minimal inhibitory concentration values were similar to those found for IFN-α inhibition in pDCs. Mechanistically, 2'-O-methylated RNA impaired upstream signalling events, including MAP kinase and NFx03BA;B activation. Our results suggest that antagonizing effects of Gm18-modified RNA are due to competition with stimulatory RNA for receptor binding. The antagonistic effect was specific for RNA because the small molecule TLR7/8 agonist R848 was not inhibited. Despite the striking phenotype in human cells, 2'-O-methylated RNA did not interfere with TLR13 activation by bacterial 23S rRNA in murine DC and BMDM. Thus, we identify here Gm18 in E. coli tRNA(Tyr) as a universal suppressor of innate immune activation in the human but not the murine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rimbach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Boutin S, Graeber SY, Weitnauer M, Panitz J, Stahl M, Clausznitzer D, Kaderali L, Einarsson G, Tunney MM, Elborn JS, Mall MA, Dalpke AH. Comparison of microbiomes from different niches of upper and lower airways in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116029. [PMID: 25629612 PMCID: PMC4309611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the airway microbiome may be important in the pathophysiology of chronic lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. However, little is known about the microbiome in early cystic fibrosis lung disease and the relationship between the microbiomes from different niches in the upper and lower airways. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between the microbiome in the upper (nose and throat) and lower (sputum) airways from children with cystic fibrosis using next generation sequencing. Our results demonstrate a significant difference in both α and β-diversity between the nose and the two other sampling sites. The nasal microbiome was characterized by a polymicrobial community while the throat and sputum communities were less diverse and dominated by a few operational taxonomic units. Moreover, sputum and throat microbiomes were closely related especially in patients with clinically stable lung disease. There was a high inter-individual variability in sputum samples primarily due to a decrease in evenness linked to increased abundance of potential respiratory pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection exhibited a less diverse sputum microbiome. A high concordance was found between pediatric and adult sputum microbiomes except that Burkholderia was only observed in the adult cohort. These results indicate that an adult-like lower airways microbiome is established early in life and that throat swabs may be a good surrogate in clinically stable children with cystic fibrosis without chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in whom sputum sampling is often not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Boutin
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases—Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Y. Graeber
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Div. of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Dept. of Pediatrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Weitnauer
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases—Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Panitz
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases—Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Stahl
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Div. of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Dept. of Pediatrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Clausznitzer
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gisli Einarsson
- CF & Airways Microbiology Group, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Michael M. Tunney
- CF & Airways Microbiology Group, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - J. Stuart Elborn
- CF & Airways Microbiology Group, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Centre for Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Div. of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Dept. of Pediatrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H. Dalpke
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases—Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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48
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Gielen V, Sykes A, Zhu J, Chan B, Macintyre J, Regamey N, Kieninger E, Gupta A, Shoemark A, Bossley C, Davies J, Saglani S, Walker P, Nicholson SE, Dalpke AH, Kon OM, Bush A, Johnston SL, Edwards MR. Increased nuclear suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 in asthmatic bronchial epithelium suppresses rhinovirus induction of innate interferons. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:177-188.e11. [PMID: 25630941 PMCID: PMC4541718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Rhinovirus infections are the dominant cause of asthma exacerbations, and deficient virus induction of IFN-α/β/λ in asthmatic patients is important in asthma exacerbation pathogenesis. Mechanisms causing this interferon deficiency in asthmatic patients are unknown. Objective We sought to investigate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 in tissues from asthmatic patients and its possible role in impaired virus-induced interferon induction in these patients. Methods We assessed SOCS1 mRNA and protein levels in vitro, bronchial biopsy specimens, and mice. The role of SOCS1 was inferred by proof-of-concept studies using overexpression with reporter genes and SOCS1-deficient mice. A nuclear role of SOCS1 was shown by using bronchial biopsy staining, overexpression of mutant SOCS1 constructs, and confocal microscopy. SOCS1 levels were also correlated with asthma-related clinical outcomes. Results We report induction of SOCS1 in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) by asthma exacerbation–related cytokines and by rhinovirus infection in vitro. We found that SOCS1 was increased in vivo in bronchial epithelium and related to asthma severity. SOCS1 expression was also increased in primary BECs from asthmatic patients ex vivo and was related to interferon deficiency and increased viral replication. In primary human epithelium, mouse lung macrophages, and SOCS1-deficient mice, SOCS1 suppressed rhinovirus induction of interferons. Suppression of virus-induced interferon levels was dependent on SOCS1 nuclear translocation but independent of proteasomal degradation of transcription factors. Nuclear SOCS1 levels were also increased in BECs from asthmatic patients. Conclusion We describe a novel mechanism explaining interferon deficiency in asthmatic patients through a novel nuclear function of SOCS1 and identify SOCS1 as an important therapeutic target for asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Gielen
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annemarie Sykes
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zhu
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Chan
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Macintyre
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Atul Gupta
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Pediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Pediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cara Bossley
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Pediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Davies
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Pediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sejal Saglani
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Pediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra E Nicholson
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology of the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Onn-Min Kon
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bush
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Pediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Respiratory Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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49
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Abstract
RNA can function as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) whose recognition by the innate immune system alerts the body to an impending microbial infection. The recognition of tRNA as either self or nonself RNA by TLR7 depends on its modification patterns. In particular, it is known that the presence of a ribose methylated guanosine at position 18, which is overrepresented in self-RNA, antagonizes an immune response. Here, we report that recognition extends to the next downstream nucleotide and the effectively recognized molecular detail is actually a methylated dinucleotide. The most efficient nucleobases combination of this motif includes two purines, while pyrimidines diminish the effect of ribose methylation. The constraints of this motif stay intact when transposed to other parts of the tRNA. The results argue against a fixed orientation of the tRNA during interaction with TLR7 and, rather, suggest a processive type of inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Rimbach
- Department of Infectious Diseases-Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases-Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases-Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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50
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Gehrig S, Duerr J, Weitnauer M, Wagner CJ, Graeber SY, Schatterny J, Hirtz S, Belaaouaj A, Dalpke AH, Schultz C, Mall MA. Lack of neutrophil elastase reduces inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and emphysema, but not mucus obstruction, in mice with cystic fibrosis-like lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:1082-92. [PMID: 24678594 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201311-1932oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Recent evidence from clinical studies suggests that neutrophil elastase (NE) released in neutrophilic airway inflammation is a key risk factor for the onset and progression of lung disease in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the role of NE in the complex in vivo pathogenesis of CF lung disease remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the role of NE in the development of key features of CF lung disease including airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, goblet cell metaplasia, bacterial infection, and structural lung damage in vivo. METHODS We used the Scnn1b-Tg mouse as a model of CF lung disease and determined effects of genetic deletion of NE (NE(-/-)) on the pulmonary phenotype. Furthermore, we used novel Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based NE reporter assays to assess NE activity in bronchoalveolar lavage from Scnn1b-Tg mice and sputum from patients with CF. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Lack of NE significantly reduced airway neutrophilia, elevated mucin expression, goblet cell metaplasia, and distal airspace enlargement, but had no effect on airway mucus plugging, bacterial infection, or pulmonary mortality in Scnn1b-Tg mice. By using FRET reporters, we show that NE activity was elevated on the surface of airway neutrophils from Scnn1b-Tg mice and patients with CF. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NE plays an important role in the in vivo pathogenesis and may serve as a therapeutic target for inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and structural lung damage and indicate that additional rehydration strategies may be required for effective treatment of airway mucus obstruction in CF.
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