1
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Althagafy HS, Ali FEM, Hassanein EHM, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Kotb El-Sayed MI, Atwa AM, Sayed AM, Soubh AA. Canagliflozin ameliorates ulcerative colitis via regulation of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB and Nrf2/PPAR-γ/SIRT1 signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176166. [PMID: 37898288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most common subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the colon and is characterized by severe intestinal inflammation. Canagliflozin is a widely used antihyperglycemic agent, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that enhances urinary glucose excretion. This study aims to provide insights into the potential benefits of canagliflozin as a treatment for UC by addressing possible cellular signals. Acetic acid (AA; 4% v/v) was administered intrarectally to induce colitis. Canagliflozin is given orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Canagliflozin attenuates inflammation in AA-induced colitis, evidenced by significant and dose-dependently downregulation of p38 MAPK, NF-κB-p65, IKK, IRF3, and NADPH-oxidase as well as colonic levels of IL-6 and IL-1β and MPO enzymatic activity. Canagliflozin mitigates colonic oxidative stress by decreasing MDA content and restoring SOD enzymatic activities and GSH levels mediated by co-activating of Nrf2, PPARγ, and SIRT1 pathways. Moreover, an in-silico study confirmed that canagliflozin was specific to all target proteins in this study. Canagliflozin's binding affinity with its target proteins indicates and confirms its effectiveness in regulating these pathways. Also, network pharmacology analysis supported that canagliflozin potently attenuates UC via a multi-target and multi-pathway approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed I Kotb El-Sayed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71515, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Soubh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, 12566, Egypt
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2
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Acencio ML, Ostaszewski M, Mazein A, Rosenstiel P, Aden K, Mishra N, Andersen V, Sidiropoulos P, Banos A, Filia A, Rahmouni S, Finckh A, Gu W, Schneider R, Satagopam V. The SYSCID map: a graphical and computational resource of molecular mechanisms across rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257321. [PMID: 38022524 PMCID: PMC10646502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs), including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are thought to emerge from an impaired complex network of inter- and intracellular biochemical interactions among several proteins and small chemical compounds under strong influence of genetic and environmental factors. CIDs are characterised by shared and disease-specific processes, which is reflected by partially overlapping genetic risk maps and pathogenic cells (e.g., T cells). Their pathogenesis involves a plethora of intracellular pathways. The translation of the research findings on CIDs molecular mechanisms into effective treatments is challenging and may explain the low remission rates despite modern targeted therapies. Modelling CID-related causal interactions as networks allows us to tackle the complexity at a systems level and improve our understanding of the interplay of key pathways. Here we report the construction, description, and initial applications of the SYSCID map (https://syscid.elixir-luxembourg.org/), a mechanistic causal interaction network covering the molecular crosstalk between IBD, RA and SLE. We demonstrate that the map serves as an interactive, graphical review of IBD, RA and SLE molecular mechanisms, and helps to understand the complexity of omics data. Examples of such application are illustrated using transcriptome data from time-series gene expression profiles following anti-TNF treatment and data from genome-wide associations studies that enable us to suggest potential effects to altered pathways and propose possible mechanistic biomarkers of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Luis Acencio
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- ELIXIR Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Mazein
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Neha Mishra
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Diagnostics and Clinical Research Unit, Institute of Regional Health Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Prodromos Sidiropoulos
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aggelos Banos
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens and Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Anastasia Filia
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens and Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Axel Finckh
- Rheumatology Division, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research (GCIR), University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wei Gu
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- ELIXIR Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- ELIXIR Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Venkata Satagopam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- ELIXIR Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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3
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The Heterochromatin protein 1 is a regulator in RNA splicing precision deficient in ulcerative colitis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6834. [PMID: 36400769 PMCID: PMC9674647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in RNA splicing have been linked to human disorders, but remain poorly explored in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we report that expression of the chromatin and alternative splicing regulator HP1γ is reduced in ulcerative colitis (UC). Accordingly, HP1γ gene inactivation in the mouse gut epithelium triggers IBD-like traits, including inflammation and dysbiosis. In parallel, we find that its loss of function broadly increases splicing noise, favoring the usage of cryptic splice sites at numerous genes with functions in gut biology. This results in the production of progerin, a toxic splice variant of prelamin A mRNA, responsible for the Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome of premature aging. Splicing noise is also extensively detected in UC patients in association with inflammation, with progerin transcripts accumulating in the colon mucosa. We propose that monitoring HP1γ activity and RNA splicing precision can help in the management of IBD and, more generally, of accelerated aging.
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4
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Herfindal AM, Rocha SDC, Papoutsis D, Bøhn SK, Carlsen H. The ROS-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase 1 modulates the colonic microbiota but offers minor protection against dextran sulfate sodium-induced low-grade colon inflammation in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:298-311. [PMID: 35752373 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) is a major producer of superoxide which together with other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are implicated in maintaining a healthy epithelial barrier in the gut. While previous studies have indicated NOX1's involvement in microbial modulation in the small intestine, less is known about the effects of NOX1-dependent ROS/RNS formation in the colon. We investigated the role of NOX1 in the colon of NOX1 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice, under mild and subclinical low-grade colon inflammation induced by 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Ex vivo imaging of ROS/RNS in the colon revealed that absence of NOX1 strongly decreased ROS/RNS production, particularly during DSS treatment. Furthermore, while absence of NOX1 did not affect disease activity, some markers of inflammation (mRNA: Tnfa, Il6, Ptgs2; protein: lipocalin 2) in the colonic mucosa tended to be higher in NOX1 KO than in WT mice following DSS treatment. Lack of NOX1 also extensively modulated the bacterial community in the colon (16S rRNA gene sequencing), where NOX1 KO mice were characterized mainly by lower α-diversity (richness and evenness), higher abundance of Firmicutes, Akkermansia, and Oscillibacter, and lower abundance of Bacteroidetes and Alistipes. Together, our data suggest that NOX1 is pivotal for colonic ROS/RNS production in mice both during steady-state (i.e., no DSS treatment) and during 1% DSS-induced low-grade inflammation and for modulation of the colonic microbiota, with potential beneficial consequences for intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mari Herfindal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Sérgio Domingos Cardoso Rocha
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway; Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Dimitrios Papoutsis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
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5
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Xu X, Zhang G, Peng K, Gao Y, Wang J, Gao C, He C, Lu F. Carnosol Maintains Intestinal Barrier Function and Mucosal Immune Homeostasis in DSS-Induced Colitis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:894307. [PMID: 35685885 PMCID: PMC9172907 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.894307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by recurrent flares of mucosal inflammation, which is limited in the colon and rectum. Compromised epithelial barrier functions have been indicated in the initiation of UC. Carnosol (CA), a natural active ortho-diphenol diterpene compound, is one of the active ingredients in plants such as rosemary and sage. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of CA have been reported in several animal models, but its effect on mucosal inflammation remains elusive. We established a mouse experimental colitis model characterized by epithelial barrier destruction using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). CA was intraperitoneally administrated. Flow cytometry was performed to determine phenotypes of intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria cells. qRT-PCR was used for gene expression. ER stress in the colon was determined by immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR. Thapsigargin was used to induce ER stress in HCT-116 cells in vitro. We found CA significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice marked by relieved clinical symptoms and colonic pathological damage. Inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine expression in the colon were suppressed by CA during colitis. Furthermore, CA restored epithelial barrier functions and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) homeostasis in mice with DSS insults. Mechanistically, we induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in HCT-116 cells (an intestinal epithelial cell line) with thapsigargin, and CA reversed this effect. In addition, we collected inflamed mucosal biopsies from 23 patients with UC, and cultured overnight with or without CA, showing CA significantly reduced expression of ER stress signaling molecule and pro-inflammatory agents. Our data demonstrate that CA acts as an effective drug for experimental colitis and maintains proper epithelial barrier functions via suppressing epithelial ER stress, providing new evidence that CA might be a promising therapeutic candidate for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Peng
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiping Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong He
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chong He
| | - Fang Lu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Lu
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6
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Engevik MA, Herrmann B, Ruan W, Engevik AC, Engevik KA, Ihekweazu F, Shi Z, Luck B, Chang-Graham AL, Esparza M, Venable S, Horvath TD, Haidacher SJ, Hoch KM, Haag AM, Schady DA, Hyser JM, Spinler JK, Versalovic J. Bifidobacterium dentium-derived y-glutamylcysteine suppresses ER-mediated goblet cell stress and reduces TNBS-driven colonic inflammation. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-21. [PMID: 33985416 PMCID: PMC8128206 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1902717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress compromises the secretion of MUC2 from goblet cells and has been linked with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although Bifidobacterium can beneficially modulate mucin production, little work has been done investigating the effects of Bifidobacterium on goblet cell ER stress. We hypothesized that secreted factors from Bifidobacterium dentium downregulate ER stress genes and modulates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to promote MUC2 secretion. We identified by mass spectrometry that B. dentium secretes the antioxidant γ-glutamylcysteine, which we speculate dampens ER stress-mediated ROS and minimizes ER stress phenotypes. B. dentium cell-free supernatant and γ-glutamylcysteine were taken up by human colonic T84 cells, increased glutathione levels, and reduced ROS generated by the ER-stressors thapsigargin and tunicamycin. Moreover, B. dentium supernatant and γ-glutamylcysteine were able to suppress NF-kB activation and IL-8 secretion. We found that B. dentium supernatant, γ-glutamylcysteine, and the positive control IL-10 attenuated the induction of UPR genes GRP78, CHOP, and sXBP1. To examine ER stress in vivo, we first examined mono-association of B. dentium in germ-free mice which increased MUC2 and IL-10 levels compared to germ-free controls. However, no changes were observed in ER stress-related genes, indicating that B. dentium can promote mucus secretion without inducing ER stress. In a TNBS-mediated ER stress model, we observed increased levels of UPR genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines in TNBS treated mice, which were reduced with addition of live B. dentium or γ-glutamylcysteine. We also observed increased colonic and serum levels of IL-10 in B. dentium- and γ-glutamylcysteine-treated mice compared to vehicle control. Immunostaining revealed retention of goblet cells and mucus secretion in both B. dentium- and γ-glutamylcysteine-treated animals. Collectively, these data demonstrate positive modulation of the UPR and MUC2 production by B. dentium-secreted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,CONTACT Melinda A. Engevik Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Beatrice Herrmann
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wenly Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amy C. Engevik
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN, USA
| | - Kristen A. Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Faith Ihekweazu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhongcheng Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Berkley Luck
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Magdalena Esparza
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Venable
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas D. Horvath
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sigmund J. Haidacher
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hoch
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony M. Haag
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah A. Schady
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph M. Hyser
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Spinler
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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7
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Solà Tapias N, Denadai-Souza A, Rolland-Fourcade C, Quaranta-Nicaise M, Blanpied C, Marcellin M, Edir A, Rolland C, Cirillo C, Dietrich G, Alric L, Portier G, Kirzin S, Bonnet D, Mas E, Burlet-Schiltz O, Deraison C, Bonnart C, Vergnolle N, Barreau F. Colitis Linked to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Trypsin Activity Affecting Epithelial Functions. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1528-1541. [PMID: 33609354 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] from inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients exhibit an excessive induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress [ER stress] linked to altered intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Colonic tissues and the luminal content of IBD patients are also characterized by increased serine protease activity. The possible link between ER stress and serine protease activity in colitis-associated epithelial dysfunctions is unknown. We aimed to study the association between ER stress and serine protease activity in enterocytes and its impact on intestinal functions. METHODS The impact of ER stress induced by Thapsigargin on serine protease secretion was studied using either human intestinal cell lines or organoids. Moreover, treating human intestinal cells with protease-activated receptor antagonists allowed us to investigate ER stress-resulting molecular mechanisms that induce proteolytic activity and alter intestinal epithelial cell biology. RESULTS Colonic biopsies from IBD patients exhibited increased epithelial trypsin-like activity associated with elevated ER stress. Induction of ER stress in human intestinal epithelial cells displayed enhanced apical trypsin-like activity. ER stress-induced increased trypsin activity destabilized intestinal barrier function by increasing permeability and by controlling inflammatory mediators such as C-X-C chemokine ligand 8 [CXCL8]. The deleterious impact of ER stress-associated trypsin activity was specifically dependent on the activation of protease-activated receptors 2 and 4. CONCLUSIONS Excessive ER stress in IECs caused an increased release of trypsin activity that, in turn, altered intestinal barrier function, promoting the development of inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Solà Tapias
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Marlène Marcellin
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carla Cirillo
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TARGID, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Mas
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Pole Digestif, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frédérick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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8
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Hertati A, Hayashi S, Ogawa Y, Yamamoto T, Kadowaki M. Interleukin-4 Receptor α Subunit Deficiency Alleviates Murine Intestinal Inflammation In Vivo Through the Enhancement of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:573470. [PMID: 33192516 PMCID: PMC7656058 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.573470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of epithelial barrier function causes chronic intestinal inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease. Several studies have reported that Th2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 play an important role in the regulation of intestinal barrier function. However, the precise role of the IL-4 receptor α subunit (IL-4Rα) in intestinal inflammation remains unclear. Thus, we used an experimental colitis model to investigate the role of IL-4Rα in intestinal inflammation. IL-4Rα-deficient (IL-4Rα-/-) mice and their littermate wild-type (WT) mice were used. Experimental colitis was induced by administration of 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water for seven days. Treatment with DSS caused body weight loss, an increase in the disease activity index and histological abnormalities in WT colitis mice, all of which were significantly attenuated in IL-4Rα-/- colitis mice. Neutrophil infiltration in the colonic mucosa was reduced in IL-4Rα-/- colitis mice compared with WT colitis mice. NADPH oxidase 1 expression and reactive oxygen species production were increased in the colons of IL-4Rα-/- mice. Furthermore, elevated intestinal permeability induced by DSS treatment was suppressed in IL-4Rα-/- colitis mice. These results demonstrate that IL-4Rα-/- mice exhibit reduced susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. Our present findings suggest that IL-4Rα deficiency enhances intestinal mucosal barrier function through the upregulation of NADPH oxidase 1-dependent reactive oxygen species production, thereby suppressing the development of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Hertati
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Shusaku Hayashi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yudai Ogawa
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kadowaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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9
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Khoshnevisan R, Anderson M, Babcock S, Anderson S, Illig D, Marquardt B, Sherkat R, Schröder K, Moll F, Hollizeck S, Rohlfs M, Walz C, Adibi P, Rezaei A, Andalib A, Koletzko S, Muise AM, Snapper SB, Klein C, Thiagarajah JR, Kotlarz D. NOX1 Regulates Collective and Planktonic Cell Migration: Insights From Patients With Pediatric-Onset IBD and NOX1 Deficiency. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1166-1176. [PMID: 32064493 PMCID: PMC7365810 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic defects of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) provide critical insights into molecular factors controlling intestinal homeostasis. NOX1 has been recently recognized as a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human colonic epithelial cells. Here we assessed the functional consequences of human NOX1 deficiency with respect to wound healing and epithelial migration by studying pediatric IBD patients presenting with a stop-gain mutation in NOX1. METHODS Functional characterization of the NOX1 variant included ROS generation, wound healing, 2-dimensional collective chemotactic migration, single-cell planktonic migration in heterologous cell lines, and RNA scope and immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded patient tissue samples. RESULTS Using exome sequencing, we identified a stop-gain mutation in NOX1 (c.160C>T, p.54R>*) in patients with pediatric-onset IBD. Our studies confirmed that loss-of-function of NOX1 causes abrogated ROS activity, but they also provided novel mechanistic insights into human NOX1 deficiency. Cells that were NOX1-mutant showed impaired wound healing and attenuated 2-dimensional collective chemotactic migration. High-resolution microscopy of the migrating cell edge revealed a reduced density of filopodial protrusions with altered focal adhesions in NOX1-deficient cells, accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of p190A. Assessment of single-cell planktonic migration toward an epidermal growth factor gradient showed that NOX1 deficiency is associated with altered migration dynamics with loss of directionality and altered cell-cell interactions. CONCLUSIONS Our studies on pediatric-onset IBD patients with a rare sequence variant in NOX1 highlight that human NOX1 is involved in regulating wound healing by altering epithelial cytoskeletal dynamics at the leading edge and directing cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Khoshnevisan
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Michael Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen Babcock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sierra Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Illig
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Marquardt
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franziska Moll
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hollizeck
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Andalib
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,PEDI-CODE Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,VEO-IBD Consortium, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay R Thiagarajah
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,PEDI-CODE Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Address correspondence to: Daniel Kotlarz, MD, PhD, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany (); Jay R. Thiagarajah, MD, PhD, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, EN605, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA ()
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Address correspondence to: Daniel Kotlarz, MD, PhD, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany (); Jay R. Thiagarajah, MD, PhD, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, EN605, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA ()
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10
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Al Nabhani Z, Berrebi D, Martinez-Vinson C, Montcuquet N, Madre C, Roy M, Ogier-Denis E, Dussaillant M, Cerf-Bensussan N, Zouali H, Daniel F, Barreau F, Hugot JP. Nod2 Protects the Gut From Experimental Colitis Spreading to Small Intestine. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:669-679. [PMID: 31784737 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 [NOD2] mutations are key risk factors for Crohn's disease [CD]. NOD2 contributes to intestinal homeostasis by regulating innate and adaptive immunity together with intestinal epithelial function. However, the exact roles of NOD2 in CD and other NOD2-associated disorders remain poorly known. METHODS We initially observed that NOD2 expression was increased in epithelial cells away from inflamed areas in CD patients. To explore this finding, Nod2 mRNA expression, inflammation, and cytokines expression were examined in the small bowel of wild-type [WT], Nod2 knockout and Nod2 mutant mice after rectal instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [TNBS]. RESULTS In WT mice, Nod2 upregulation upstream to rectal injury was associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine expression but no overt histological inflammatory lesions. Conversely, in Nod2-deficient mice the inflammation spread from colitis to ileum and duodenum. CONCLUSIONS Nod2 protects the gut from colitis spreading to small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Al Nabhani
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Berrebi
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Hopital Robert Debré, Asssitance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Montcuquet
- Laboratoire d'immunité intestinale, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Chrystele Madre
- Hopital Robert Debré, Asssitance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Roy
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Ogier-Denis
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Monique Dussaillant
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- Laboratoire d'immunité intestinale, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | | | - Fanny Daniel
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédérick Barreau
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France.,IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Hugot
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Hopital Robert Debré, Asssitance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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11
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Abstract
Almost half of patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation, the pathogenesis of which is complex and multifactorial. As a result, the management of CGD-associated GI inflammation remains challenging due to its chronicity and difficulty in managing the simultaneous need for immunomodulation with increased susceptibility to infection. In order to contextualize prospective treatment interventions for CGD-associated GI inflammation, we have reviewed the clinical presentation, pathogenesis and current management of this disease. Increased understanding of the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex 2 (NOX2)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) will likely reveal novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liana Falcone
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), categorized as ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), or IBD-undetermined (IBDU), are increasing in incidence. IBD is understood to result from environmental factors interacting with a pre-existing genetic susceptibility. Approximately 1% of all patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are diagnosed before the age of 6 years, designated as very-early-onset IBD (VEOIBD). This cohort of patients is distinguished from other age groups by differences in disease phenotype and by a higher burden of genetic mutations. Recent studies have linked mutations in NADPH oxidase function to VEOIBD and even pediatric IBD. Loss-of-function NOX2 variants expressed in phagocytes and NOX1/DUOX2 variants expressed in intestinal epithelial cells have been associated with VEOIBD and pediatric and adult IBD in patients. Cell and animal studies suggest a protective role for these reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzymes in intestinal homeostasis-a paradigm that challenges the conventional concept that only increased ROS result in cell and tissue damage. Examining the role of NADPH oxidases in VEOIBD may improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and will uncover new therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stenke
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Billy Bourke
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Messal N, Fernandez N, Dayot S, Gratio V, Nicole P, Prochasson C, Chantret I, LeGuilloux G, Jarry A, Couvelard A, Tréton X, Voisin T, Ogier-Denis E, Couvineau A. Ectopic expression of OX1R in ulcerative colitis mediates anti-inflammatory effect of orexin-A. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3618-3628. [PMID: 30251681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Orexins (orexin-A and orexin-B) are hypothalamic peptides that are produced by the same precursor and are involved in sleep/wake control, which is mediated by two G protein-coupled receptor subtypes, OX1R and OX2R. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease, (IBD) which is characterized by long-lasting inflammation and ulcers that affect the colon and rectum mucosa and is known to be a significant risk factor for colon cancer development. Based on our recent studies showing that OX1R is aberrantly expressed in colon cancer, we wondered whether orexin-A could play a role in UC. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed that OX1R is highly expressed in the affected colonic epithelium of most UC patients, but not in the non-affected colonic mucosa. Injection of exogenous orexin-A specifically improved the inflammatory symptoms in the two colitis murine models. Conversely, injection of inactive orexin-A analog, OxB7-28 or OX1R specific antagonist SB-408124 did not have anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, treatment with orexin-A in DSS-colitis induced OX1R-/- knockout mice did not have any protective effect. The orexin-A anti-inflammatory effect was due to the decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in immune cells and specifically in T-cells isolated from colonic mucosa. Moreover, orexin-A inhibited canonical NFκB activation in an immune cell line and in intestinal epithelial cell line. These results suggest that orexin-A might represent a promising alternative to current UC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Messal
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases" labeled by "la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - N Fernandez
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "Intestinal inflammation", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - S Dayot
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases" labeled by "la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - V Gratio
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases" labeled by "la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - P Nicole
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases" labeled by "la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - C Prochasson
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases" labeled by "la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - I Chantret
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "Inflammatory and stress responses in chronic liver diseases", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - G LeGuilloux
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases" labeled by "la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - A Jarry
- EA4273 Biometadys, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - A Couvelard
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases" labeled by "la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - X Tréton
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "Intestinal inflammation", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - T Voisin
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases" labeled by "la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - E Ogier-Denis
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "Intestinal inflammation", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France
| | - A Couvineau
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team "From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases" labeled by "la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Paris-Diderot University, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France.
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14
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NADPH oxidases and ROS signaling in the gastrointestinal tract. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1011-1023. [PMID: 29743611 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), initially categorized as toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, have often been called a double-edged sword. ROS are considered indispensable when host defense and redox signaling is concerned and a threat in inflammatory or degenerative diseases. This generalization does not take in account the diversity of oxygen metabolites being generated, their physicochemical characteristics and their production by distinct enzymes in space and time. NOX/DUOX NADPH oxidases are the only enzymes solely dedicated to ROS production and the prime ROS producer for intracellular and intercellular communication due to their widespread expression and intricate regulation. Here we discuss new insights of how NADPH oxidases act via ROS as multifaceted regulators of the intestinal barrier in homeostasis, infectious disease and intestinal inflammation. A closer look at monogenic VEOIBD and commensals as ROS source supports the view of H2O2 as key beneficial messenger in the barrier ecosystem.
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15
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Moll F, Walter M, Rezende F, Helfinger V, Vasconez E, De Oliveira T, Greten FR, Olesch C, Weigert A, Radeke HH, Schröder K. NoxO1 Controls Proliferation of Colon Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:973. [PMID: 29867954 PMCID: PMC5951971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by enzymes of the NADPH oxidase family serve as second messengers for cellular signaling. Processes such as differentiation and proliferation are regulated by NADPH oxidases. In the intestine, due to the exceedingly fast and constant renewal of the epithelium both processes have to be highly controlled and balanced. Nox1 is the major NADPH oxidase expressed in the gut, and its function is regulated by cytosolic subunits such as NoxO1. We hypothesize that the NoxO1-controlled activity of Nox1 contributes to a proper epithelial homeostasis and renewal in the gut. Results NoxO1 is highly expressed in the colon. Knockout of NoxO1 reduces the production of superoxide in colon crypts and is not subsidized by an elevated expression of its homolog p47phox. Knockout of NoxO1 increases the proliferative capacity and prevents apoptosis of colon epithelial cells. In mouse models of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and azoxymethane/DSS induced colon cancer, NoxO1 has a protective role and may influence the population of natural killer cells. Conclusion NoxO1 affects colon epithelium homeostasis and prevents inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Moll
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria Walter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Flávia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Valeska Helfinger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Estefania Vasconez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tiago De Oliveira
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian R Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Catherine Olesch
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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16
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Jmour O, Pellat A, Colson-Durand L, To NH, Latorzeff I, Sargos P, Sobhani I, Belkacemi Y. [Radiation therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A review]. Bull Cancer 2018; 105:517-522. [PMID: 29653817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are multifactorial diseases characterized by a chronic intestinal inflammation. Abdominal and pelvic irradiation can result in acute or chronic digestive toxicity. A few old studies on small population samples have suggested an increase of gastro-intestinal toxicities in patients with IBD in case of irradiation. Nevertheless, the physiopathology is unknown. More recent studies, including new irradiation techniques, have shown less toxicity events in these patients with IBD. There are no recommendations for irradiation in patients with IBD. This review aims to report recent data on this topic and discuss them regarding radiation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Jmour
- Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Henri-Mondor, service d'oncologie-radiothérapie & centre sein Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Anna Pellat
- Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Henri-Mondor, service d'oncologie-radiothérapie & centre sein Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Laurianne Colson-Durand
- Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Henri-Mondor, service d'oncologie-radiothérapie & centre sein Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Nhu Hanh To
- Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Henri-Mondor, service d'oncologie-radiothérapie & centre sein Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France; Inserm unité 955 EQ 07, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Igor Latorzeff
- Clinique Pasteur, département de radiothérapie, 45, avenue de Lombez, BP 27617, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Sargos
- Institut Bergonié, département de radiothérapie, 229, cours de l'Argonne, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Iradj Sobhani
- AP-HP, université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), hôpitaux universitaires Henri-Mondor, service de gastro-entérologie, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Yazid Belkacemi
- Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Henri-Mondor, service d'oncologie-radiothérapie & centre sein Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France; Inserm unité 955 EQ 07, 94010 Créteil, France.
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17
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NOX1 loss-of-function genetic variants in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:562-574. [PMID: 29091079 PMCID: PMC5924597 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic defects that affect intestinal epithelial barrier function can present with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD). Using whole-genome sequencing, a novel hemizygous defect in NOX1 encoding NAPDH oxidase 1 was identified in a patient with ulcerative colitis-like VEOIBD. Exome screening of 1,878 pediatric patients identified further seven male inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with rare NOX1 mutations. Loss-of-function was validated in p.N122H and p.T497A, and to a lesser degree in p.Y470H, p.R287Q, p.I67M, p.Q293R as well as the previously described p.P330S, and the common NOX1 SNP p.D360N (rs34688635) variant. The missense mutation p.N122H abrogated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cell lines, ex vivo colonic explants, and patient-derived colonic organoid cultures. Within colonic crypts, NOX1 constitutively generates a high level of ROS in the crypt lumen. Analysis of 9,513 controls and 11,140 IBD patients of non-Jewish European ancestry did not reveal an association between p.D360N and IBD. Our data suggest that loss-of-function variants in NOX1 do not cause a Mendelian disorder of high penetrance but are a context-specific modifier. Our results implicate that variants in NOX1 change brush border ROS within colonic crypts at the interface between the epithelium and luminal microbes.
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18
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Perego J, Mendes A, Bourbon C, Camosseto V, Combes A, Liu H, Manh TPV, Dalet A, Chasson L, Spinelli L, Bardin N, Chiche L, Santos MAS, Gatti E, Pierre P. Guanabenz inhibits TLR9 signaling through a pathway that is independent of eIF2α dephosphorylation by the GADD34/PP1c complex. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/514/eaam8104. [PMID: 29363586 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam8104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers or amplifies inflammatory signals and cytokine production in immune cells. Upon the resolution of ER stress, the inducible phosphatase 1 cofactor GADD34 promotes the dephosphorylation of the initiation factor eIF2α, thereby enabling protein translation to resume. Several aminoguanidine compounds, such as guanabenz, perturb the eIF2α phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle and protect different cell or tissue types from protein misfolding and degeneration. We investigated how pharmacological interference with the eIF2α pathway could be beneficial to treat autoinflammatory diseases dependent on proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs), the production of which is regulated by GADD34 in dendritic cells (DCs). In mouse and human DCs and B cells, guanabenz prevented the activation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides or DNA-immunoglobulin complexes in endosomes. In vivo, guanabenz protected mice from CpG oligonucleotide-dependent cytokine shock and decreased autoimmune symptom severity in a chemically induced model of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, we found that guanabenz exerted its inhibitory effect independently of GADD34 activity on eIF2α and instead decreased the abundance of CH25H, a cholesterol hydroxylase linked to antiviral immunity. Our results therefore suggest that guanabenz and similar compounds could be used to treat type I IFN-dependent pathologies and that CH25H could be a therapeutic target to control these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Perego
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Andreia Mendes
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra," 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Clarisse Bourbon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Voahirana Camosseto
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra," 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Combes
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Hong Liu
- Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Dalet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Spinelli
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Bardin
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005 Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, VRCM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Manuel A S Santos
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra," 13008 Marseille, France.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Aveiro Health Sciences Program University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Evelina Gatti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France. .,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra," 13008 Marseille, France.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Aveiro Health Sciences Program University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France. .,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra," 13008 Marseille, France.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Aveiro Health Sciences Program University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Defensive Mutualism Rescues NADPH Oxidase Inactivation in Gut Infection. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 19:651-63. [PMID: 27173933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NOX/DUOX family of NADPH oxidases are expressed in diverse tissues and are the primary enzymes for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The intestinal epithelium expresses NOX1, NOX4, and DUOX2, whose functions are not well understood. To address this, we generated mice with complete or epithelium-restricted deficiency in the obligatory NOX dimerization partner Cyba (p22(phox)). We discovered that NOX1 regulates DUOX2 expression in the intestinal epithelium, which magnified the epithelial ROS-deficiency. Unexpectedly, epithelial deficiency of Cyba resulted in protection from C. rodentium and L. monocytogenes infection. Microbiota analysis linked epithelial Cyba deficiency to an enrichment of H2O2-producing bacterial strains in the gut. In particular, elevated levels of lactobacilli physically displaced and attenuated C. rodentium virulence by H2O2-mediated suppression of the virulence-associated LEE pathogenicity island. This transmissible compensatory adaptation relied on environmental factors, an important consideration for prevention and therapy of enteric disease.
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20
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Aviello G, Knaus UG. ROS in gastrointestinal inflammation: Rescue Or Sabotage? Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1704-1718. [PMID: 26758851 PMCID: PMC5446568 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is composed of many distinct cell types that respond to commensal microbiota or pathogens with immune tolerance and proinflammatory signals respectively. ROS produced by mucosa-resident cells or by newly recruited innate immune cells are essential for antimicrobial responses and regulation of signalling pathways including processes involved in wound healing. Impaired ROS production due to inactivating patient variants in genes encoding NADPH oxidases as ROS source has been associated with Crohn's disease and pancolitis, whereas overproduction of ROS due to up-regulation of oxidases or altered mitochondrial function was linked to ileitis and ulcerative colitis. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how maintaining a redox balance is crucial to preserve gut homeostasis. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aviello
- National Children's Research CentreOur Lady's Children's HospitalDublinIreland
| | - UG Knaus
- National Children's Research CentreOur Lady's Children's HospitalDublinIreland
- Conway Institute, School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
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21
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Teixeira G, Szyndralewiez C, Molango S, Carnesecchi S, Heitz F, Wiesel P, Wood JM. Therapeutic potential of NADPH oxidase 1/4 inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1647-1669. [PMID: 27273790 PMCID: PMC5446584 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family of enzymes produces ROS as their sole function and is becoming recognized as key modulators of signal transduction pathways with a physiological role under acute stress and a pathological role after excessive activation under chronic stress. The seven isoforms differ in their regulation, tissue and subcellular localization and ROS products. The most studied are NOX1, 2 and 4. Genetic deletion of NOX1 and 4, in contrast to NOX2, has revealed no significant spontaneous pathologies and a pathogenic relevance of both NOX1 and 4 across multiple organs in a wide range of diseases and in particular inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. This has stimulated interest in NOX inhibitors for therapeutic application. GKT136901 and GKT137831 are two structurally related compounds demonstrating a preferential inhibition of NOX1 and 4 that have suitable properties for in vivo studies and have consequently been evaluated across a range of disease models and compared with gene deletion. In contrast to gene deletion, these inhibitors do not completely suppress ROS production, maintaining some basal level of ROS. Despite this and consistent with most gene deletion studies, these inhibitors are well tolerated and slow or prevent disease progression in a range of models of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases by modulating common signal transduction pathways. Clinical trials in patients with GKT137831 have demonstrated excellent tolerability and reduction of various markers of chronic inflammation. NOX1/4 inhibition may provide a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for a range of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Teixeira
- Evotec International GmbHGoettingenGermany
| | | | - S Molango
- Genkyotex SAPlan les OuatesSwitzerland
| | | | - F Heitz
- Genkyotex SAPlan les OuatesSwitzerland
| | - P Wiesel
- Genkyotex SAPlan les OuatesSwitzerland
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22
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Azizi G, Pouyani MR, Abolhassani H, Sharifi L, dizaji MZ, Mohammadi J, Mirshafiey A, Aghamohammadi A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. Cell Immunol 2016; 310:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Yokota H, Tsuzuki A, Shimada Y, Imai A, Utsumi D, Tsukahara T, Matsumoto M, Amagase K, Iwata K, Nakamura A, Yabe-Nishimura C, Kato S. NOX1/NADPH Oxidase Expressed in Colonic Macrophages Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Colonic Inflammation in Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid–Induced Murine Colitis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:192-200. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.235580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Aside from cases of backwash ileitis, the ileal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), an idiotypic inflammatory bowel disease, has received little attention despite the fact that colitis is known to trigger alterations in morphology and/or functions of the small intestine remotely. METHODS The ileal mucosa was studied in patients with UC and in a spontaneous model of colitis (Il10/Nox1 mice) mimicking the histological and clinical features of UC and was also studied in acute and chronic murine models of chemically induced colitis. Proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using morphological and immunohistological methods and Western blot analysis. Peyer's patch immune cell subsets were analyzed. Cytokines levels were quantified using quantitative PCR and Luminex xMAP technology. Total RNA from isolated ileal crypts was used for whole genome transcriptome analysis. RESULTS The most striking features were an increased ileal crypt length associated with an enhanced cell proliferation of the transit-amplifying cells along with activation of the Wnt/β-catenin and MAPkinase pathways. These changes did not result from intestinal inflammation as assessed by histology and/or pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels. The increased proliferation rate was dependent on the duration but not on the severity of colitis and was observed in different mouse models of colitis, including the Il10/Nox1 model and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-treated mice. Interestingly, the ileal mucosa of patients with UC also displayed longer crypts and enhanced cell proliferation compared with control patients. CONCLUSIONS These data show that despite the absence of inflammation in the small intestine, alterations in the ileal mucosa homeostasis are present in UC.
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25
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Akiyama T, Oishi K, Wullaert A. Bifidobacteria Prevent Tunicamycin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Subsequent Barrier Disruption in Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Monolayers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162448. [PMID: 27611782 PMCID: PMC5017626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is caused by accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER, thereby compromising its vital cellular functions in protein production and secretion. Genome wide association studies in humans as well as experimental animal models linked ER stress in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) with intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the mechanisms linking the outcomes of ER stress in IECs to intestinal disease have not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the impact of ER stress on intestinal epithelial barrier function using human colon carcinoma-derived Caco-2 monolayers. Tunicamycin-induced ER stress decreased the trans-epithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 monolayers, concomitant with loss of cellular plasma membrane integrity. Epithelial barrier disruption in Caco-2 cells after ER stress was not caused by caspase- or RIPK1-dependent cell death but was accompanied by lysosomal rupture and up-regulation of the ER stress markers Grp78, sXBP1 and Chop. Interestingly, several bifidobacteria species inhibited tunicamycin-induced ER stress and thereby diminished barrier disruption in Caco-2 monolayers. Together, these results showed that ER stress compromises the epithelial barrier function of Caco-2 monolayers and demonstrate beneficial impacts of bifidobacteria on ER stress in IECs. Our results identify epithelial barrier loss as a potential link between ER stress and intestinal disease development, and suggest that bifidobacteria could exert beneficial effects on this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Akiyama
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology ESV, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail: (TA); (AW)
| | - Kenji Oishi
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology ESV, Ghent, Belgium
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andy Wullaert
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology ESV, Ghent, Belgium
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Internal Medicine Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail: (TA); (AW)
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26
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Harnoy Y, Bouhnik Y, Gault N, Maggiori L, Sulpice L, Cazals-Hatem D, Boudjema K, Panis Y, Ogier-Denis E, Treton X. Effect of appendicectomy on colonic inflammation and neoplasia in experimental ulcerative colitis. Br J Surg 2016; 103:1530-8. [PMID: 27500367 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) promotes cancer, and can be ameliorated by early appendicectomy for appendicitis. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of appendicectomy on colitis and colonic neoplasia in an animal model of colitis and a cohort of patients with UC.
Methods
Five-week old IL10/Nox1DKO mice with nascent colitis and 8-week-old IL10/Nox1DKO mice with established colitis underwent appendicectomy (for experimental appendicitis or no appendicitis) or sham laparotomy. The severity and extent of colitis was assessed by histopathological examination, and a clinical disease activity score was given. From a cohort of consecutive patients with UC who underwent colectomy, the prevalence of appendicectomy and pathological findings were collected from two institutional databases.
Results
Appendicectomy for appendicitis ameliorated experimental colitis in the mice; the effect was more pronounced in the 5-week-old animals. Appendicectomy in the no-appendicitis group was associated with an increased rate of colonic high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or cancer compared with rates in sham and appendicitis groups (13 of 20 versus 0 of 20 and 0 of 20 respectively; P < 0·001). Fifteen of 232 patients who underwent colectomy for UC had previously had an appendicectomy, and nine of these had colonic cancer or HGD. Thirty (13·8 per cent) of 217 patients with the appendix in situ had colonic neoplastic lesions. Multivariable analysis showed that previous appendicectomy was associated with colorectal neoplasia (odds ratio 16·88, 95 per cent c.i. 3·32 to 112·69).
Conclusion
Appendicectomy for experimental appendicitis ameliorated colitis. The risk of colorectal neoplasia appeared to increase following appendicectomy without induced appendicitis in a mouse model of colitis, and in patients with UC who had undergone appendicectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Harnoy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX (Institute of Inflammatory Diseases), Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Colorectal Surgery Service, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (PMAD) Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
- Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Surgery Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Y Bouhnik
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX (Institute of Inflammatory Diseases), Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot – Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Gastroenterology Service, Maladies Inflammatoires Chroniques Intestinales et d'Assistance Nutritive, PMAD Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - N Gault
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Pôle Santé Publique, Recherche Clinique et Information Médicale Unité de Recherche Clinique Paris Nord, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - L Maggiori
- Colorectal Surgery Service, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (PMAD) Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - L Sulpice
- Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Surgery Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - D Cazals-Hatem
- Anatomopathology Service, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - K Boudjema
- Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Surgery Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Y Panis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX (Institute of Inflammatory Diseases), Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot – Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Colorectal Surgery Service, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (PMAD) Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - E Ogier-Denis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX (Institute of Inflammatory Diseases), Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot – Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - X Treton
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX (Institute of Inflammatory Diseases), Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot – Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Gastroenterology Service, Maladies Inflammatoires Chroniques Intestinales et d'Assistance Nutritive, PMAD Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
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Abstract
Research in the past decade has greatly expanded our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition to the sophisticated network of immune response, the epithelial layer lining the mucosa has emerged as an essential player in the development and persistence of intestinal inflammation. As the frontline of numerous environmental insults in the gut, the intestinal epithelial cells are subject to various cellular stresses. In eukaryotic cells, disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis may lead to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, a condition called ER stress. This cellular process activates the unfolded protein response, which functions to enhance the ER protein folding capacity, alleviates the burden of protein synthesis and maturation, and activates ER-associated protein degradation. Paneth and goblet cells, 2 secretory epithelial populations in the gut, are particularly sensitive to ER stress on environmental or genetic disturbances. Recent studies suggested that epithelial ER stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis by compromising protein secretion, inducing epithelial cell apoptosis and activating proinflammatory response in the gut. Our knowledge of ER stress in intestinal epithelial function may open avenue to new inflammatory bowel disease therapies by targeting the ER protein folding homeostasis in the cells lining the intestinal mucosa.
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Sirokmány G, Donkó Á, Geiszt M. Nox/Duox Family of NADPH Oxidases: Lessons from Knockout Mouse Models. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:318-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kato M, Marumo M, Nakayama J, Matsumoto M, Yabe-Nishimura C, Kamata T. The ROS-generating oxidase Nox1 is required for epithelial restitution following colitis. Exp Anim 2016; 65:197-205. [PMID: 26876598 PMCID: PMC4976233 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.15-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by endogenous
metabolic enzymes are involved in a variety of intracellular mechanisms. In particular,
superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (Nox) 1 is highly expressed in the colon and has been
implicated in physiological and pathophysiological states of colon tissues. However, its
role in tissue repair following colitis has not been fully elucidated. Our study using
experimental colitis in mice showed that repair of the mucosal layer did not occur in
Nox1-deficient mice following dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. This was accompanied
by inhibition of proliferation, cell survival, migration, and terminal differentiation
(generation of goblet cells) of crypt progenitor cells, as determined by histochemical
analyses. Furthermore, Nox1 expression as well as ROS production in the colon crypt was
increased during the repair process, and Nox1 deficiency suppressed these events. The
results suggest that Nox1 promotes colon mucosal wound repair by sustaining the
bioactivity of crypt progenitor cells and plays a crucial role in the epithelial
restitution in the case of damage associated with colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Kato
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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30
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Garlic oil inhibits dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Life Sci 2016; 146:40-51. [PMID: 26780265 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Garlic oil (GO) is used for centuries in folk medicine as a therapy for many diseases including inflammatory disorders. Recently, it has exhibited potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Consequently, we evaluated the possible protective effect of GO in a rat model of colitis, induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). MAIN METHODS Colitis induced by allowing rats a free access to drinking water containing 5% DSS for 7 days, from day 1 to day 7. GO was administered orally in doses of 25, 50 and 100mg/kg/day. Mesalazine used as a standard medication in a dose of 15 mg/kg/day. All animals fasted for 2h, 1h before and 1h after giving the treatment, which introduced daily for 7 days, from day 1 to day 7, at 10:00 to 11:00 A.M. Animal body, and colonic weights, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, colonic reduced-glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-10 levels, macroscopic and microscopic changes of colonic tissues were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS GO treatment significantly suppressed the elevated colonic weight, MPO activity, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β levels. However, it potentiated the decrease body weight, colonic SOD activity, GSH and IL-10 levels. Moreover, it ameliorated the marked macroscopic and microscopic changes of colonic mucosa in a dose dependent manner. SIGNIFICANCE Garlic oil inhibits DSS-induced colitis in rats may be through its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, GO could be a promising protective agent recommended for UC patients.
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31
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O'Neill S, Brault J, Stasia MJ, Knaus UG. Genetic disorders coupled to ROS deficiency. Redox Biol 2015; 6:135-156. [PMID: 26210446 PMCID: PMC4550764 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the redox balance between generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for health. Disturbances such as continuously elevated ROS levels will result in oxidative stress and development of disease, but likewise, insufficient ROS production will be detrimental to health. Reduced or even complete loss of ROS generation originates mainly from inactivating variants in genes encoding for NADPH oxidase complexes. In particular, deficiency in phagocyte Nox2 oxidase function due to genetic variants (CYBB, CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, NCF4) has been recognized as a direct cause of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an inherited immune disorder. More recently, additional diseases have been linked to functionally altered variants in genes encoding for other NADPH oxidases, such as for DUOX2/DUOXA2 in congenital hypothyroidism, or for the Nox2 complex, NOX1 and DUOX2 as risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease. A comprehensive overview of novel developments in terms of Nox/Duox-deficiency disorders is presented, combined with insights gained from structure-function studies that will aid in predicting functional defects of clinical variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon O'Neill
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie Brault
- Université Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Jose Stasia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Koriauli S, Natsvlishvili N, Barbakadze T, Mikeladze D. Knockdown of interleukin-10 induces the redistribution of sigma1-receptor and increases the glutamate-dependent NADPH-oxidase activity in mouse brain neurons. Biol Res 2015; 48:55. [PMID: 26453192 PMCID: PMC4599652 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the central nervous system, interleukin-10 (IL-10) provides trophic and survival effects directly on neurons, modulates neurite plasticity, and has a pivotal importance in the neuronal regeneration in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory conditions. This cytokine is primarily produced by glial cells and has beneficial effects on the neuronal viability. However, the mechanisms of IL-10-elicited neuroprotection are not clear. Results Membrane preparations, isolated from wild-type (Wt) and IL-10 knockout (KO) mice brain were used in this study. It has been shown that compared to wild-type mice, in IL-10 KO mice brain, the amount of immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP) is greatly increased, whereas the content of sigma receptor-1 (SigR1) is not changed significantly. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments have shown that the association of SigR1 with small GTPase Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), NR2B subunit of NMDA-receptor (NMDAR) and inositol-3-phosphate receptor (IP3R) is higher in the IL-10 KO mice brain than in the Wt mice brain. Besides, we have found that either glutamate or sigma ligands, separately or together, do not change glutamate-induced NADPH-oxidase (NOX) activity in Wt-type mice brain membrane preparations, whereas in IL-10 KO mice high concentration of glutamate markedly increases the NOX-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutamate-dependent ROS production was decreased to the normal levels by the action of sigma-agonists. Conclusions It has been concluded that IL-10 deprivation, at least in part, can lead to the induction of ER-stress, which causes BiP expression and SigR1 redistribution between components of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane. Moreover, IL-10 deficiency can change the specific organization of NMDAR, increasing the surface expression of SigR1-sensitive NR2B-containing NMDAR. In these conditions, glutamate-dependent ROS production is greatly increased leading to the initiation of apoptosis. In this circumstances, sigma-ligands could play a preventive role against NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koriauli
- Ilia State University, 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Ave., 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - N Natsvlishvili
- Ilia State University, 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Ave., 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia. .,I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua Str., Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - T Barbakadze
- Ilia State University, 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Ave., 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia. .,I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua Str., Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - D Mikeladze
- Ilia State University, 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Ave., 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia. .,I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua Str., Tbilisi, Georgia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 10-deficient mice (IL-10(-/-)) are a popular model used to dissect the mechanisms underlying inflammatory bowel diseases. The role of complement, a host defense mechanism that bridges the innate and adaptive immune systems, has not been described in this model. We therefore studied the effect of deficiency of properdin, a positive regulator of complement, on colitis in mice with the IL-10(-/-) background. METHODS For acute colitis, IL-10(-/-) and IL-10/properdin double knockout (DKO) or radiation bone marrow-reconstituted chimeric mice, had piroxicam added to their powdered chow for 14 days. For chronic colitis, 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate was added to the animals' water for 4 days then the mice were killed 8 weeks later. Colons were assessed for inflammation, cell infiltration, and cytokine and complement measurements. Bacterial translocation was measured by cultivating bacteria from organs on Luria broth agar plates. RESULTS C3a and C5a levels and C9 deposition were all increased in piroxicam-fed IL-10(-/-) mice compared with mice not fed piroxicam. Piroxicam-fed DKO mice lacked increased C5a and C9 deposition combined with exacerbated colitis, reduced numbers of infiltrating neutrophils, and markedly higher local and systemic bacterial numbers compared with IL-10(-/-) mice. Bone marrow cells from IL-10(-/-) mice were sufficient to restore protection against the heightened colitis in piroxicam-fed DKO mice. CONCLUSIONS Complement is activated in the IL-10(-/-) mouse mucosa in a properdin-dependent manner. In the absence of terminal complement activation, the inflammation is heightened, likely due to a lack of neutrophil control over microbes escaping from the intestines.
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Hayes P, Dhillon S, O’Neill K, Thoeni C, Hui KY, Elkadri A, Guo CH, Kovacic L, Aviello G, Alvarez LA, Griffiths AM, Snapper SB, Brant SR, Doroshow JH, Silverberg MS, Peter I, McGovern DP, Cho J, Brumell JH, Uhlig HH, Bourke B, Muise AM, Knaus UG. Defects in NADPH Oxidase Genes NOX1 and DUOX2 in Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 1:489-502. [PMID: 26301257 PMCID: PMC4539615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Defects in intestinal innate defense systems predispose patients to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases in the mucosal barrier maintain gut homeostasis and defend against pathogenic attack. We hypothesized that molecular genetic defects in intestinal NADPH oxidases might be present in children with IBD. METHODS After targeted exome sequencing of epithelial NADPH oxidases NOX1 and DUOX2 on 209 children with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD), the identified mutations were validated using Sanger Sequencing. A structural analysis of NOX1 and DUOX2 variants was performed by homology in silico modeling. The functional characterization included ROS generation in model cell lines and in in vivo transduced murine crypts, protein expression, intracellular localization, and cell-based infection studies with the enteric pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. RESULTS We identified missense mutations in NOX1 (c.988G>A, p.Pro330Ser; c.967G>A, p.Asp360Asn) and DUOX2 (c.4474G>A, p.Arg1211Cys; c.3631C>T, p.Arg1492Cys) in 5 of 209 VEOIBD patients. The NOX1 p.Asp360Asn variant was replicated in a male Ashkenazi Jewish ulcerative colitis cohort. All NOX1 and DUOX2 variants showed reduced ROS production compared with wild-type enzymes. Despite appropriate cellular localization and comparable pathogen-stimulated translocation of altered oxidases, cells harboring NOX1 or DUOX2 variants had defective host resistance to infection with C. jejuni. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies the first inactivating missense variants in NOX1 and DUOX2 associated with VEOIBD. Defective ROS production from intestinal epithelial cells constitutes a risk factor for developing VEOIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patti Hayes
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandeep Dhillon
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim O’Neill
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cornelia Thoeni
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken Y. Hui
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Abdul Elkadri
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conghui H. Guo
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lidija Kovacic
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabriella Aviello
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis A. Alvarez
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne M. Griffiths
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven R. Brant
- Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James H. Doroshow
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, University of Toronto, Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dermot P.B. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Judy Cho
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John H. Brumell
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holm H. Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Billy Bourke
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aleixo M. Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Aleixo Muise, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ulla G. Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, protein folding and modification in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is highly sensitive to disturbances of homeostasis. The accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, termed ER stress, activates intracellular signaling pathways to resolve the protein-folding defect. This unfolded protein response (UPR) increases the capacity of ER protein folding, reduces global protein synthesis, and activates ER-associated protein degradation. If ER stress is too severe or chronic, or the UPR is compromised and not able to restore ER protein-folding homeostasis, numerous apoptotic signaling pathways are activated. Preclinical and clinical studies in the past decade indicate that ER stress and the UPR have a significant impact on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Paneth and goblet cells, 2 epithelial cell populations in the gut, rely on a robust ER function for protein folding and secretion. Several immune cells are orchestrated by ER stress and the UPR for differentiation, activation, migration, and survival. In addition, a variety of exogenous and endogenous molecules in the intestinal lumen affect ER function, making ER stress and the UPR relevant cellular signals in intestinal homeostasis. Recent studies demonstrated that unresolved ER stress and/or dysregulated UPR may cause inflammatory bowel disease by inducing epithelial cell death, impairing mucosal barrier function, and activating proinflammatory response in the gut. With our increased understanding of ER stress in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis, it is now possible to develop novel therapies to improve ER protein-folding homeostasis and target-specific UPR pathways in cells residing in the intestinal mucosa.
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in mammalian oocytes and embryos: life in balance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 316:227-65. [PMID: 25805126 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes and embryos are exquisitely sensitive to a wide range of insults related to physical stress, chemical exposure, and exposures to adverse maternal nutrition or health status. Although cells manifest specific responses to various stressors, many of these stressors intersect at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where disruptions in protein folding and production of reactive oxygen species initiate downstream signaling events. These signals modulate mRNA translation and gene transcription, leading to recovery, activation of autophagy, or with severe and prolonged stress, apoptosis. ER stress signaling has recently come to the fore as a major contributor to embryo demise. Accordingly, agents that modulate or inhibit ER stress signaling have yielded beneficial effects on embryo survival and long-term developmental potential. We review here the mechanisms of ER stress signaling, their connections to mammalian oocytes and embryos, and the promising indications that interventions in this pathway may provide new opportunities for improving mammalian reproduction and health.
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress in intestinal epithelial cell function and inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:328791. [PMID: 25755668 PMCID: PMC4338396 DOI: 10.1155/2015/328791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, perturbation of protein folding homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, which activates intracellular signaling pathways termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Recent studies have linked ER stress and the UPR to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The microenvironment of the ER is affected by a myriad of intestinal luminal molecules, implicating ER stress and the UPR in proper maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Several intestinal cell populations, including Paneth and goblet cells, require robust ER function for protein folding, maturation, and secretion. Prolonged ER stress and impaired UPR signaling may cause IBD through: (1) induction of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, (2) disruption of mucosal barrier function, and (3) induction of the proinflammatory response in the gut. Based on our increased understanding of ER stress in IBD, new pharmacological approaches can be developed to improve intestinal homeostasis by targeting ER protein-folding in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).
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Kang SW, Lee S, Lee EK. ROS and energy metabolism in cancer cells: alliance for fast growth. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:338-45. [PMID: 25599615 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In normal cells, the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level is proportional to the activity of mitochondrial electron transport and tightly controlled by endogenous antioxidant system. However, energy metabolism and ROS homeostasis in cancer cells are much different from those in normal cells. For example, a majority of cellular glucose is metabolized through aerobic glycolysis ("Warburg effect") and the pentose phosphate pathway. Cancer cells harbor functional mitochondria, but many mutations in nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial genes and mitochondrial genome result in the mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. The other characteristic of cancer cells is to maintain much higher ROS level than normal cells. Ironically, cancer cells overexpress the ROS-producing NADPH oxidase and the ROS-eliminating antioxidant enzymes, both of which enzyme systems share NADPH as a reducing power source. In this article, we review the complex connection between ROS and energy metabolisms in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Center for Cell Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea,
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