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Mgbudom-Okah CJ, Abarikwu SO, Wegwu MO, Henkel R. Testosterone restores TM3 and TM4 cell viability, reduces reactive oxygen species generation, and protects against atrazine-induced stereological changes in rat testes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23562. [PMID: 37842800 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we performed the stereological examination of rat testes and evaluated the protective effect of testosterone against atrazine (ATZ) toxicity in TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cells. Testosterone intake in rats increased the volumetric density of the seminiferous tubules; tubular diameter; germinal epithelial height; number of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, round spermatids, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells; and Johnsen scores compared with the values after ATZ treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, testosterone increased the viability of TM3 cells and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in TM4 cells compared to the ATZ-treated group. In conclusion, exogenous testosterone intake maintains testicular morphometry and spermatogenesis in rats, and minimizes cell death and ROS generation in testicular cell lines exposed to ATZ. However, TM4 cells are more responsive to testosterone-mediated regulation of ROS generation induced by ATZ than TM3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidimma J Mgbudom-Okah
- Reproductive Biology and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Sunny O Abarikwu
- Reproductive Biology and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Matthew O Wegwu
- Reproductive Biology and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- LogixX Pharma, Berkshire, UK
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Farias TDO, Figueiredo AFA, Wnuk NT, Vieira CP, Lara NDLEM, Avelar GFD, Talamoni SA, Costa GMJ. Sperm production and seminal analyses in a Neotropical sperm-storing vespertilionid bat yellowish myotis (Myotis levis). Theriogenology 2021; 174:73-84. [PMID: 34425303 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Yellowish myotis is a Neotropical vespertilionid bat that presents a seasonal reproduction. The sperm is produced in the Mature stage, stored in the Regressed stage and released in the Rest stage (mating period). Aiming to understand, for the first time, the relationship between testis and epididymis physiology in yellowish myotis reproduction, the spermatogenesis length, sperm production, and seminal parameters were herein evaluated. Fifty-one adult male bats were captured in Santuário do Caraça, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The gonads were collected in the Maturing and Mature stages for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses, whereas the epididymis was evaluated in all reproductive stages for seminal studies. Our results demonstrated that the yellowish myotis spermatogenic process is fast, lasting 31.70 ± 0.15 days. Despite the low Sertoli cell efficiency (6.60 ± 1.23), the high numbers of Sertoli cells per testis enable an elevated sperm production in the Mature stage. The sperm concentration, vitality, and motility presented the highest values in the Regressed stage; however, in this period, an increased incidence of sperm morphological defects was detected. In the following period (Rest stage), a drastic reduction of defective sperm was observed, suggesting quality control of sperm before the mating period. Furthermore, the epididymis ability to maintain a long-term sperm-storage was observed in 26.7% of the bats in the Maturing stage. In summary, yellowish myotis presented a fast and high sperm production during the Mature stage. These sperms are stored and selected before mating period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita De Oliveira Farias
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - André Felipe Almeida Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Natalia Teixeira Wnuk
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Pinhol Vieira
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia de Lima E Martins Lara
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Gleide Fernandes de Avelar
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Sônia Aparecida Talamoni
- Laboratory of Mastozoology, Department of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais - PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Mattos Jardim Costa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Silva SFM, Oliveira LCA, Dias FCR, Cordero-Schmidt E, Vargas-Mena JC, Silva IGM, Báo SN, Luna JLS, Lima RRM, Júnior RFA, Farias NBS, Moura CEB, Matta SLP, Morais DB. Seasonal evaluation of spermatogenesis of the hematophagous bat Desmodus rotundus in the Caatinga biome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242932. [PMID: 33270698 PMCID: PMC7714151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to characterize the spermatogenic process and its seasonal variation in Desmodus rotundus, in the Caatinga biome, a water-limited ecosystem, with marked water restriction during most of the year. Collections of adult animals were performed during the dry and rainy seasons, and after euthanasia, their testes were processed histologically to perform morphological, morphometric, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analyzes. The percentage of seminiferous epithelium, number of Leydig cells per gram of testis, and population of Sertoli cells and A-type spermatogonia presented by D. rotundus were significantly higher in the rainy season, while the percentage of lumen, mitotic index, support capacity performed by Sertoli cells, and overall yield of spermatogenesis were higher in the dry season. The ultrastructure of spermatogenesis was similar to that described in other mammals, and the immunohistochemical analysis revealed activity of the aromatase enzyme in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, spermatocytes and spermatids, as well as the presence of androgen receptors in Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. FGF2 activity was detected in primary spermatocytes in zygotene and pachytene, as well as secondary spermatocytes and rounded and elongated spermatids, while the BCL-2 protein was expressed in primary spermatocytes in zygotene and pachytene, secondary spermatocytes, and rounded spermatids. The activity of these molecules was similar in both seasons, and associated with the morphometric findings, indicates maintenance in the integrity of the seminiferous epithelium throughout the year. The seasonal study of D. rotundus spermatogenesis indicates a continuous spermatogenesis pattern and suggests a greater production of spermatozoa in the rainy season in the Caatinga biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia F. M. Silva
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Laryssa C. A. Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. R. Dias
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eugenia Cordero-Schmidt
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Juan C. Vargas-Mena
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ingrid G. M. Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Sônia N. Báo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - João L. S. Luna
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ruthnaldo R. M. Lima
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Raimundo F. A. Júnior
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Naisandra B. S. Farias
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. B. Moura
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L. P. Matta
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle B. Morais
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Testicular characterization and spermatogenesis of the hematophagous bat Diphylla ecaudata. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226558. [PMID: 31835274 PMCID: PMC6910855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphylla ecaudata is a hematophagous bat endemic of South America, with food preference for bird blood. Given the lack of information about the reproductive activity of this species, this study aimed to describe the testicular morphology and histomorphometry of D. ecaudata in order to understand its reproductive biology, specially spermatogenesis. The animals were collected in Lajes city, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Following euthanasia, the testes were histologically processed for morphological, morphometric, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analyses. Their average body weight was 24.64g, with a gonadosomatic index of 0.49%, tubulesomatic index of 0.47%, and a total of 32.20m of seminiferous tubules per gram of testis. The pre-meiotic, meiotic, and post-meiotic phases accounted for 56.20%, 9.30%, and 34.50% of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, respectively. The ultrastructure of spermiogenesis was similar to that described in other mammals and the perforatorium was not observed in the sperm. Androgen receptors were detected in Sertoli cell nuclei and Leydig cell cytoplasm, while aromatase enzyme was detected only in Sertoli cell nuclei. FGF2 and BCL-2 activities were detected in the cytoplasm of zygotene and pachytene primary spermatocytes, as well as round and elongated spermatids. D. ecaudata showed testicular pattern similar to other mammals and characteristics common to other bat species. This species stood out for its high efficiency of Sertoli cells, which presented high capacity to support germ cells, besides the highest sperm production rates among those already recorded. This study is the first step towards the knowledge of D. ecaudata reproduction and the first description of its spermatogenesis.
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Abarikwu SO, Wokoma AFS, Mgbudom-Okah CJ, Omeodu SI, Ohanador R. Effect of Fe and Cd Co-Exposure on Testicular Steroid Metabolism, Morphometry, and Spermatogenesis in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:109-123. [PMID: 30291518 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of testicular toxicity of simultaneous multiple exposures to metals is poorly understood. Previous studies reported that the toxic effect of cadmium (Cd) is modified by tissue concentration of iron (Fe). Using the mice (Mus musculus) model in the present study, we demonstrated that combined Cd (25 mg kg-1 bw) and Fe (100 mg kg-1 bw) treatment increased both Cd and Fe testicular concentrations much more than separate exposures to either of the metals. Intratesticular Cd and Fe concentrations were inversely correlated (r = - 0.731, p < 0.05) on administration of Fe but not on combined exposure to both metals when they were positively correlated (versus Cd; r = 0.793, versus Fe; r = 0.779, p < 0.05). Additionally, Cd + Fe treatment increased testicular lipid peroxidation and depleted intratestesticular testosterone, cholesterol and glutathione concentrations much more than their separate treatment. This was also associated with decreased activity of the germ cell marker, testicular lactate dehydrogenase, and increased testicular myeloperoxidase activity. These changes resulted in decreased seminiferous epithelial height, tubular diameter, germ cell (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids) numbers, and severe tissue damage. In conclusion, Cd + Fe intake have synergistic toxic effects on testicular steroid formation and spermatogenesis due to the high testicular concentrations of both metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.
| | - Adaba F S Wokoma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | | | - Stephen I Omeodu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Robinson Ohanador
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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De Carvalho WD, Martins MA, Dias D, Saldaña-Vázquez RA, Palmeirim JM, Esbérard CEL. Reproductive constraints in frugivorous phyllostomid bats: seasonal and elevational variation in reproductive rates in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Douglas De Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, S/N - Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá-AP, Brazil
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Diversidade de Morcegos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Km 47 da antiga estrada Rio-São Paulo, CEP, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayara Almeida Martins
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, BR, CEP, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dias
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, BR, CEP, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Romeo A Saldaña-Vázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Blvd. Valsequillo y Av, San Claudio, Edificio BIO 1, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla, México
| | - Jorge M Palmeirim
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Eduardo Lustosa Esbérard
- Laboratório de Diversidade de Morcegos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Km 47 da antiga estrada Rio-São Paulo, CEP, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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Viana PIM, Farias TO, Talamoni SA, Godinho HP. Sertoli Cell Efficiency of the Neotropical Bats Anoura geoffroyi, Artibeus lituratus and Myotis levis (Mammalia: Chiroptera). ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.2.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro I. M. Viana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talita O. Farias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sonia A. Talamoni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hugo P. Godinho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Lima Junior NBD, Arandas MJG, Silva FRD, Silva DVD, Teixeira ÁAC, Aguiar Júnior FCAD, Garcia JE, Santos KRPD. Estágio reprodutivo, histologia e morfometria sazonal do testículo de Dermanura cinerea (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) em fragmento de Mata Atlântica no Litoral Sul de Pernambuco, Brasil. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2018038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Esse estudo analisou o estágio reprodutivo, a histologia e a morfometria dos testículos de Dermanura cinerea (Gervais, 1856) em fragmento de Mata Atlântica no Litoral Sul de Pernambuco. Os espécimes foram capturados por redes de neblina e as coletas ocorreram mensalmente, ao longo de duas noites consecutivas, durante 18 meses. Os dados meteorológicos foram agrupados em meses chuvosos e secos. Foram utilizados 18 espécimes adultos, os quais foram classificados em machos com testículos descendentes e não descendentes. Para as análises histológicas, os testículos foram coletados, fixados e processados seguindo a técnica histológica de rotina. As lâminas obtidas foram coradas por Hematoxilina-Eosina. Nas análises morfométricas foram mensuradas a área de ocupação do compartimento tubular e intertubular, quantificados o número de células de Leydig, de Sertoli, de espermatócitos e de espermátides alongadas. Os dados morfométricos foram submetidos às análises estatísticas. Dermanura cinerea apresentou maior atividade de produção espermática em meses secos e maior produção hormonal em meses chuvosos. Essas informações estão relacionadas também com o padrão reprodutivo das fêmeas e com a elevação nos índices pluviométricos, já que é um fator determinante na mediação da disponibilidade alimentar das espécies frugívoras, como D. cinerea em área de Mata Atlântica de Pernambuco.
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Souza ACF, Santos FC, Bastos DSS, Sertorio MN, Teixeira JPG, Fernandes KM, Machado-Neves M. Reproductive functions in Desmodus rotundus: A comparison between seasons in a morphological context. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205023. [PMID: 30332444 PMCID: PMC6192620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive seasonality in Neotropical bats has been assessed to the better understand their reproductive behavior. This knowledge is especially important for the control of Desmodus rotundus population as it is a transmitter of rabies virus. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the functional activity of testis and epididymis of D. rotundus in dry and rainy seasons under a morphological approach. We observed an increase in tubular diameter and epithelial height of the seminiferous tubules during the rainy season. In the latter, additionally, stereological analysis of the testis showed increased proportion of seminiferous epithelium and reduced percentage of lumen. The sperm number in caput/corpus epididymis increased in rainy season, whereas sperm count and transit time were reduced in cauda region. These alterations were probably related to the recovery of epithelium activities after mating season in dry season. Despite altered nuclear and cytoplasm parameters of Leydig cells between seasons, the volume and number of these cells were constant. Moreover, no change in serum testosterone levels, daily sperm production, and apoptotic index were observed, which indicates that the reproductive pattern in D. rotundus does not change between seasons. Our study offers a baseline for the management of vampire bat population as an attempt to control rabies disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Ferreira Souza
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe Couto Santos
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Abarikwu SO, Simple G, Onuoha CS. Morphometric Evaluation of the Seminiferous Tubules and the Antioxidant Protective Effects of Gallic Acid and Quercetin in the Testis and Liver of Butyl Phthalate Treated Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 35:20-31. [PMID: 32071493 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant protective effects of gallic acid (GAL) and quercetin (QUE) against oxidative stress induced by di-butyl phthalate (DnBP) in the liver and testis of rats were evaluated in this study. Adult albino Wistar rats (180-225 g) were treated with QUE or GAL (50 mg/kg) alone or in combination with DnBP (1 mL/kg) for 15 days. After treatment, tissue samples were taken for determination of glutathione and malondialdehyde levels, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Serial sections of the testis and liver were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for microscopy and seminiferous tubular morphometry. As expected, DnBP induced oxidative stress was evident by increased malondialdehyde level in both organs. Co-treatment with GAL or QUE reversed the malondialdehyde by 45.42, 37.44 and 37.57%, 23.32% and catalase by 52.21, 70.15 and 85%, 38.14% in the testis and liver respectively whereas superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione level were differently modulated parallel to histopathological improvement in both tissues. The seminiferous tubular diameter, epithelial height, epithelial germ cell count and tubular length were significantly decreased by 11.09, 51.91, 40.65 and 11.10% respectively versus control values after DnBP treatments and were attenuated on co-treatment with GAL or QUE. Co-treatment with GAL afforded better protective effects in both tissues but QUE treatment alone appeared more effective than GAL on the investigated morphometric data. It seems likely that GAL or QUE prevented the tissue damage but the antioxidant profiles of the liver and testis are different in response to the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Simple
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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Abarikwu SO, Oruitemeka S, Uwadileke IA, Omeodu SI, Okoye NF, Mgbudom-Okah CJ, Ohanador R. Oral administration of cadmium depletes intratesticular and epididymal iron levels and inhibits lipid peroxidation in the testis and epididymis of adult rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 48:213-223. [PMID: 29773184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd)-induced tissue injury depends on the accumulated Cd which differentially affects endogenous iron (Fe). To investigate this, adult rats were treated by oral gavage with Cd (50 mg/kg body wt.) once a week for 15, 30 and 60 days and sacrificed a day after last administration. After the 15th and 30th day of treatment, Cd had no effect on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and endogenous Fe levels but exhibited anti-androgenic effects (p < 0.05) and caused histological damages. At day 60, Cd was accumulated by 156.30% and 364.77% above control values at concentrations that decreased endogenous Fe levels by 46.41% and 50.31% in the testis and epididymis respectively. The histological damages were characterized by decreased tubular diameter, damage to the epithelium leading to loss of tubular germ cells and absent of spermatozoa in the epididymal lumen. Although myeloperoxidase activities were increased, TBARS levels were found to decrease significantly at day 60 in the serum, testis and epididymis suggesting that the histological damages were not caused by lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, TBARS correlated negatively with Cd in the testis (r = -0.251, p < 0.05) and epididymis (r = -0.286, p < 0.05); Fe correlated positively with TBARS in the testis (r = +0.217, p < 0.05) and Cd correlated negatively with Fe in the testis (r = -0.461, p < 0.05) and epididymis (r = -0.109, p < 0.05). The antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were also decreased in the gonads after 60 days Cd treatment. Overall, anti-androgenic effects and histo-pathological changes are early indicators of direct effects of Cd and occur before decrease in TBARS which is secondarily related to the modifying of Fe contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.
| | - Sarah Oruitemeka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | | | - Stephen I Omeodu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi F Okoye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | | | - Robinson Ohanador
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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Ferreira M, Soldati A, Rodrigues SSS, Benjamin LDA. Implications of body condition and seasonality on morphological and functional parameters of testes of Myotis nigricans (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:1029-1037. [PMID: 29325604 DOI: 10.1071/rd17316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The insectivorous bat Myotis nigricans is widely distributed throughout the Neotropics, including Brazil, and has a reproductive biology that is affected by climate and food availability. To evaluate the reproductive capacity of this species, morphofunctional parameters of the testes were correlated with environmental variables and the body condition of individuals captured. After bats had been killed, their testes were removed, fixed in Karnovsky's fluid for 24h and embedded in resin for evaluation by light microscopy. The mean annual tubulosomatic index (0.58%) and the percentage of seminiferous tubules in the testes (88.96%) were the highest ever recorded for the Order Chiroptera. The percentage of Leydig cells and volume of the cytoplasm of Leydig cells were higher in the rainy than dry season (80.62±3.19% and 573.57±166.95μm, respectively; mean±s.d.). Conversely, the percentage of nuclei of the Leydig cells in the dry season (26.17±3.70%; mean±s.d.) and the total number of Leydig cells (6.38±1.84×109; mean±s.d.) were higher in the dry season. The results of the present study could help in future conservation of these bats because they provide a better understanding of the bats' reproductive strategies and how the species can adapt to changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Soldati
- Department of Veterinary, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Sirlene S S Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Biology, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Laércio Dos Anjos Benjamin
- Department of Veterinary, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
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Lee JH. Male reproductive cycle of hibernating Korean greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai(Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae): annual cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and morphological changes of the testes. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2018.1447029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hun Lee
- Department of Sport Science, Kyungnam University, Changwon-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Science Education, Kyungnam University, Changwon-si, Republic of Korea
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Castro MMD, Gonçalves WG, Teixeira SAMV, Fialho MDCQ, Santos FC, Oliveira JM, Serrão JE, Machado-Neves M. Ultrastructure and morphometric features of epididymal epithelium in Desmodus rotundus. Micron 2017; 102:35-43. [PMID: 28869875 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The blood-feeding behavior of Desmodus rotundus made this bat a potential vector of rabies virus and a public health issue. Consequently, the better understanding of its reproductive biology becomes valuable for the development of methods to control its population. In this study, we described morphological aspects of epithelial cells in D. rotundus' epididymis using light and transmission electron microscopy methods. The duct compartment was the main component of initial segment (83%), caput (90%), corpus (88%) and cauda (80%) regions. The epithelium lining the duct presented a progressive decrease in its height from initial segment to cauda regions. Moreover, the morphology of each cell type was the same along the entire duct. Similarly to rodents, columnar-shaped principal cells were the most abundant cell type throughout the epididymis, followed by basal and clear cells. Differently in rat and mice, the frequency of clear cells did not increase in the epididymis cauda, whereas the proportion of principal and basal cells was greater in this region. Furthermore, D. rotundus presented goblet-shaped clear cells with the nucleus located in the apical portion of the epididymal epithelium. This cellular portion also presented electron-lucid vesicles of different sizes that may correspond to vesicles enriched with proteins related to proton secretion. In addition to the findings regarding clear cells' structural organization, basal cells presented scarce cytoplasm and no axiopodia. Taken these findings together, we suggest that the mechanism of luminal acidification may have other pathways in D. rotundus than those described in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Felipe Couto Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Jerusa Maria Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Morais DB, Puga LCHP, Paula TARD, Freitas MBD, Matta SLPD. The spermatogenic process of the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus under a histomorphometric view. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173856. [PMID: 28301534 PMCID: PMC5354406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all bat species, Desmodus rotundus stands out as one of the most intriguing due to its exclusively haematophagous feeding habits. However, little is known about their spermatogenic cycle. This study aimed at describing the spermatogenic process of common vampire bats through testicular histomorphometric characterization of adult specimens, spermatogenic production indexes, description of stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle and estimative of the spermatogenic process duration. Morphometrical and immunohistochemical analyzes for bromodeoxiuridine were conducted under light microscopy and ultrastructural analyzes were performed under transmission electron microscopy. Vampire bats showed higher investment in gonadal tissue (gonadosomatic index of 0.54%) and in seminiferous tubules (tubulesomatic index of 0.49%) when compared to larger mammals. They also showed a high tubular length per gram of testis (34.70 m). Approximately half of the intertubular compartment was found to be comprised by Leydig cells (51.20%), and an average of 23.77x106 of these cells was found per gram of testis. The germline cells showed 16.93% of mitotic index and 2.51% of meiotic index. The overall yield of spermatogenesis was 60% and the testicular spermatic reserve was 71.44x107 spermatozoa per gram of testis. With a total spermatogenesis duration estimated at 37.02 days, vampire bats showed a daily sperm production of 86.80x106 gametes per gram of testis. These findings demonstrate a high sperm production, which is commonly observed in species with promiscuous mating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Barbosa Morais
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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