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Rahman MA, Liu J. A genome-wide association study coupled with machine learning approaches to identify influential demographic and genomic factors underlying Parkinson's disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1230579. [PMID: 37842648 PMCID: PMC10570619 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1230579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the recent success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in identifying 90 independent risk loci for Parkinson's disease (PD), the genomic underpinning of PD is still largely unknown. At the same time, accurate and reliable predictive models utilizing genomic or demographic features are desired in the clinic for predicting the risk of Parkinson's disease. Methods: To identify influential demographic and genomic factors associated with PD and to further develop predictive models, we utilized demographic data, incorporating 200 variables across 33,473 participants, along with genomic data involving 447,089 SNPs across 8,840 samples, both derived from the Fox Insight online study. We first applied correlation and GWAS analyses to find the top demographic and genomic factors associated with PD, respectively. We further developed and compared a variety of machine learning (ML) models for predicting PD. From the developed ML models, we performed feature importance analysis to reveal the predictability of each demographic or the genomic input feature for PD. Finally, we performed gene set enrichment analysis on our GWAS results to identify PD-associated pathways. Results: In our study, we identified both novel and well-known demographic and genetic factors (along with the enriched pathways) related to PD. In addition, we developed predictive models that performed robustly, with AUC = 0.89 for demographic data and AUC = 0.74 for genomic data. Our GWAS analysis identified several novel and significant variants and gene loci, including three intron variants in LMNA (p-values smaller than 4.0e-21) and one missense variant in SEMA4A (p-value = 1.11e-26). Our feature importance analysis from the PD-predictive ML models highlighted some significant and novel variants from our GWAS analysis (e.g., the intron variant rs1749409 in the RIT1 gene) and helped identify potentially causative variants that were missed by GWAS, such as rs11264300, a missense variant in the gene DCST1, and rs11584630, an intron variant in the gene KCNN3. Conclusion: In summary, by combining a GWAS with advanced machine learning models, we identified both known and novel demographic and genomic factors as well as built well-performing ML models for predicting Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asad Rahman
- Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Jinling Liu
- Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
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2
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Khairy EY, Salama OA. Effect of exercise on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14300. [PMID: 37653057 PMCID: PMC10471618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis dysregulation was suggested to play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated the effects of exercise on HPG hormones in an AD rat model, as a possible mechanism underlying the favorable effect of exercise on AD. Forty male Wistar albino rats 2-3 months old were subdivided randomly into two groups (n = 20 each): AD group (injected intraperitoneally with aluminum chloride (70 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks) and Control group. Each group was subdivided into exercised or non-exercised group (n = 10 each). Exercised groups were subjected to a swimming protocol (60 min/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks). Serum HPG hormones, hippocampal β-amyloid levels and Morris water-maze cognition were assessed. Results demonstrated higher levels of β-amyloid, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) together with lower testosterone levels and cognitive impairment in the AD rats compared to controls. Β-amyloid levels negatively correlated with testosterone levels and positively correlated with GnRH, LH and FSH among the AD rats. Higher testosterone and lower GnRH, LH, FSH and β-amyloid levels, as well as cognitive improvement, were observed in the exercised compared to non-exercised AD rats, suggesting a modulatory role of exercise training on AD-associated HPG axis dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Y Khairy
- Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165, Horreya Avenue, Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ola A Salama
- Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165, Horreya Avenue, Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
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3
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George AJ, Dong B, Lail H, Gomez M, Hoffiz YC, Ware CB, Fang N, Murphy AZ, Hrabovszky E, Wanders D, Mabb AM. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF216/TRIAD3 is a key coordinator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. iScience 2022; 25:104386. [PMID: 35620441 PMCID: PMC9126796 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in RNF216/TRIAD3 cause Gordon Holmes syndrome (GHS), in which dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and neurodegeneration are thought to be core phenotypes. We knocked out Rnf216/Triad3 in a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) hypothalamic cell line. Rnf216/Triad3 knockout (KO) cells had decreased steady-state GnRH and calcium transients. Rnf216/Triad3 KO adult mice had reductions in GnRH neuron soma size and GnRH production without changes in neuron densities. In addition, KO male mice had smaller testicular volumes that were accompanied by an abnormal release of inhibin B and follicle-stimulating hormone, whereas KO females exhibited irregular estrous cycling. KO males, but not females, had reactive microglia in the hypothalamus. Conditional deletion of Rnf216/Triad3 in neural stem cells caused abnormal microglia expression in males, but reproductive function remained unaffected. Our findings show that dysfunction of RNF216/TRIAD3 affects the HPG axis and microglia in a region- and sex-dependent manner, implicating sex-specific therapeutic interventions for GHS. Rnf216/Triad3 controls GnRH production and intrinsic hypothalamic cell activity Rnf216/Triad3 knockout male mice have greater reproductive impairments than females Rnf216/Triad3 controls the HPG axis differently in males and females Rnf216/Triad3 knockout male mice have reactive microglia in the hypothalamus
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Waindok P, Janecek-Erfurth E, Lindenwald DL, Wilk E, Schughart K, Geffers R, Strube C. Toxocara canis- and Toxocara cati-Induced Neurotoxocarosis Is Associated with Comprehensive Brain Transcriptomic Alterations. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010177. [PMID: 35056627 PMCID: PMC8779660 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are globally occurring zoonotic roundworms of dogs and cats. Migration and persistence of Toxocara larvae in the central nervous system of paratenic hosts including humans may cause clinical signs of neurotoxocarosis (NT). As pathomechanisms of NT and host responses against Toxocara larvae are mostly unknown, whole-genome microarray transcription analysis was performed in cerebra and cerebella of experimentally infected C57Bl/6J mice as paratenic host model at days 14, 28, 70, 98, and 120 post-infection. Neuroinvasion of T. cati evoked 220 cerebral and 215 cerebellar differentially transcribed genes (DTGs), but no particular PANTHER (Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships) pathway was affected. In T. canis-infected mice, 1039 cerebral and 2073 cerebellar DTGs were identified. Statistically significant dysregulations occurred in various pathways, including cholesterol biosynthesis, apoptosis signaling, and the Slit/Robo mediated axon guidance as well as different pathways associated with the immune and defense response. Observed dysregulations of the cholesterol biosynthesis, as well as the Alzheimer disease-amyloid secretase pathway in conjunction with previous histopathological neurodegenerative findings, may promote the discussion of T. canis as a causative agent for dementia and/or Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, results contribute to a deeper understanding of the largely unknown pathogenesis and host-parasite interactions during NT, and may provide the basis for prospective investigations evaluating pathogenic mechanisms or designing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Waindok
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (P.W.); (E.J.-E.); (D.L.L.)
| | - Elisabeth Janecek-Erfurth
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (P.W.); (E.J.-E.); (D.L.L.)
| | - Dimitri L. Lindenwald
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (P.W.); (E.J.-E.); (D.L.L.)
| | - Esther Wilk
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (E.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (E.W.); (K.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Research Group Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (P.W.); (E.J.-E.); (D.L.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8711
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Gadomsky L, Dos Santos Guilherme M, Winkler J, van der Kooij MA, Hartmann T, Grimm M, Endres K. Elevated Testosterone Level and Urine Scent Marking in Male 5xFAD Alzheimer Model Mice. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:80-92. [PMID: 32065104 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200217105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Function of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (AβPP) and its various cleavage products still is not unraveled down to the last detail. While its role as a source of the neurotoxic Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is undisputed and its property as a cell attachment protein is intriguing, while functions outside the neuronal context are scarcely investigated. This is particularly noteworthy because AβPP has a ubiquitous expression profile and its longer isoforms, AβPP750 and 770, are found in various tissues outside the brain and in non-neuronal cells. OBJECTIVE Here, we aimed at analyzing the 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease mouse model in regard to male sexual function. The transgenes of this mouse model are regulated by Thy1 promoter activity and Thy1 is expressed in testes, e.g. by Sertoli cells. This allows speculation about an influence on sexual behavior. METHODS We analyzed morphological as well as biochemical properties of testicular tissue from 5xFAD mice and wild type littermates and testosterone levels in serum, testes and the brain. Sexual behavior was assessed by a urine scent marking test at different ages for both groups. RESULTS While sperm number, testes weight and morphological phenotypes of sperms were nearly indistinguishable from those of wild type littermates, testicular testosterone levels were significantly increased in the AD model mice. This was accompanied by elevated and prolonged sexual interest as displayed within the urine scent marking test. CONCLUSION We suggest that overexpression of AβPP, which mostly is used to mimic AD in model mice, also affects male sexual behavior as assessed additional by the Urine Scent Marking (USM) test. The elevated testosterone levels might have an additional impact on central nervous system androgen receptors and also have to be considered when assessing learning and memory capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gadomsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Malena Dos Santos Guilherme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jakob Winkler
- German Institute for Dementia Prevention (GIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael A van der Kooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- German Institute for Dementia Prevention (GIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Marcus Grimm
- German Institute for Dementia Prevention (GIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Mai HN, Chung YH, Shin EJ, Jeong JH, Jung TW, Sharma N, Lei XG, Nah SY, Jang CG, Kim DJ, Yang BK, Kim HC. Overexpression of glutathione peroxidase-1 attenuates cocaine-induced reproductive dysfunction in male mice by inhibiting nuclear factor κB. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:136-146. [PMID: 31059705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since reproductive toxicity is associated with oxidative stress, nuclear factor κB (NFκB), a redox-sensitive transcription factor, may be involved in the reproductive dysfunction induced by the abusive drug, such as cocaine. In the present study, we investigated whether NFκB mediates cocaine-induced reproductive dysfunction in male mice, and whether glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1, a well-known enzymatic antioxidant, modulates NFκB activity to affect this reproductive dysfunction. Cocaine treatment significantly increased nuclear translocation of NFκB and its DNA binding activity in the testis of mice. Treatment with cocaine resulted in a significant increase in sperm abnormality, and in significant decreases in the sperm viability and sperm level. Furthermore, cocaine significantly reduced hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing-hormone expression and plasma testosterone level. These alterations were more pronounced in the GPx-1 knockout (GPx-1 KO) than wild type (WT) mice, and they were less pronounced in GPx-1 overexpressing transgenic (GPx-1 TG) than in non-transgenic (non-TG) mice. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NFκB inhibitor, was more effective in attenuating cocaine-induced reproductive toxicity in GPx-1 KO than in WT mice. Although PDTC treatment was also significantly protective against the reproductive toxicity in non-TG mice, PDTC did not show additional positive effects against the protective potential mediated by GPx-1 overexpression in mice. Therefore, our results suggest that GPx-1 gene is a protective factor in response to reproductive dysfunction induced by cocaine in male mice, and that NFκB is a critical mediator of protective activity of GPx-1 gene in our experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Nhu Mai
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Chung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Joong Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo-Keun Yang
- Department of Animal Resource Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Ahmad MH, Fatima M, Mondal AC. Role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Insulin Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuropsychobiology 2019; 77:197-205. [PMID: 30605907 DOI: 10.1159/000495521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the commonest progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, is clinically characterized by the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Recent studies suggest a relationship between the endocrinal dysregulation and the neuronal loss during the AD pathology. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis regulating circulating levels of glucocorticoid hormones has been implicated in the pathophysiology of AD. Likewise, dysregulated insulin signaling, impaired glucose uptake and insulin resistance are some of the prime factors in the onset/progression of AD. In this review, we have discussed the changes in HPA and HPG axes, implicated insulin resistance/signaling and glucose regulation during the onset/progression of AD. Therefore, simultaneous detection of these endocrinal markers in the early or presymptomatic stages may help in the early diagnosis of AD. This evidence for implicated endocrinal functions supports the fact that modulation of endocrinal pathways can be used as therapeutic targets for AD. Future studies need to determine how the induction or inhibition of endocrinal targets could be used for predictable neuroprotection in AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Hilal Ahmad
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahino Fatima
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,
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8
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Mikołajczyk A, Złotkowska D. Subclinical Lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella Enteritidis Induces Dysregulation of Bioactive Substances from Selected Brain Sections and Glands of Neuroendocrine Axes. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E91. [PMID: 30717384 PMCID: PMC6409941 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can contribute to the pathogenesis and the clinical symptoms of many diseases such as cancer, mental disorders, neurodegenerative as well as metabolic diseases. The asymptomatic carrier state of Salmonella spp. is a very important public health problem. A subclinical single dose of LPS obtained from S. Enteritidis (5 μg/kg, i.v.) was administered to discern the consequences of changes of various brain peptides such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), galanin (GAL), neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in selected clinically important brain sections and endocrine glands of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), -thyroid (HPT), -ovarian (HPO) axes. The study was conducted on ten immature crossbred female pigs. The brain peptides were extracted from the hypothalamus (medial basal hypothalamus, preoptic area, lateral hypothalamic area, mammillary bodies, and the stalk median eminence), and pituitary gland (adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis) sections and from the ovaries and adrenal and thyroid glands. There was no difference in health status between LPS and the control groups during the period of the experiment. Nevertheless, even a low single dose of LPS from S. Enteritidis that did not result in any clinical symptoms of disease induced dysregulation of various brain peptides, such as CRH, GnRH, TRH, GAL, NPY, SOM, SP, and VIP in selected brain sections of hypothalamus, pituitary gland and in the endocrine glands of the HPA, HPO, and HPT axes. In conclusion, the obtained results clearly show that subclinical LPS from S. Enteritidis can affect the brain chemistry structure and dysregulate bioactive substance from selected brain sections and glands of the neuroendocrine axes. The exact mechanisms by which LPS can influence major neuroendocrine axes are not fully understood and require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mikołajczyk
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Złotkowska
- Department of Food Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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9
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Peineau S, Rabiant K, Pierrefiche O, Potier B. Synaptic plasticity modulation by circulating peptides and metaplasticity: Involvement in Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:385-401. [PMID: 29425728 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is a cellular process involved in learning and memory whose alteration in its two main forms (Long Term Depression (LTD) and Long Term Potentiation (LTP)), is observed in most brain pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In humans, AD is associated at the cellular level with neuropathological lesions composed of extracellular deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein aggregates and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, cellular loss, neuroinflammation and a general brain homeostasis dysregulation. Thus, a dramatic synaptic environment perturbation is observed in AD patients, involving changes in brain neuropeptides, cytokines, growth factors or chemokines concentration and diffusion. Studies performed in animal models demonstrate that these circulating peptides strongly affect synaptic functions and in particular synaptic plasticity. Besides this neuromodulatory action of circulating peptides, other synaptic plasticity regulation mechanisms such as metaplasticity are altered in AD animal models. Here, we will review new insights into the study of synaptic plasticity regulatory/modulatory mechanisms which could influence the process of synaptic plasticity in the context of AD with a particular attention to the role of metaplasticity and peptide dependent neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Peineau
- GRAP UMR1247, INSERM, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Kevin Rabiant
- GRAP UMR1247, INSERM, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Pierrefiche
- GRAP UMR1247, INSERM, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
| | - Brigitte Potier
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS-ENS UMR9188, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
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Burnham V, Sundby C, Laman-Maharg A, Thornton J. Luteinizing hormone acts at the hippocampus to dampen spatial memory. Horm Behav 2017; 89:55-63. [PMID: 27847314 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) rises dramatically during and after menopause, and has been correlated with an increased incidence of Alzheimer's disease and decreased memory performance in humans and animal models. To test whether LH acts directly on the dorsal hippocampus to affect memory, ovariectomized female rats were infused with either the LH-homologue human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or the LH receptor antagonist deglycosylated-hCG (dg-hCG). Infusion of hCG into either the lateral ventricle or the dorsal hippocampus caused significant memory impairments in ovariectomized estradiol-treated females. Consistent with this, infusion of the LH antagonist dg-hCG into the dorsal hippocampus caused an amelioration of memory deficits in ovariectomized females. Furthermore, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist Antide, failed to act in the hippocampus to affect memory. These findings demonstrate a significant role for LH action in the dorsal hippocampus in spatial memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Burnham
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Christopher Sundby
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Abigail Laman-Maharg
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Janice Thornton
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA.
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Maggi R. Physiology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (Gnrh): Beyond the Control of Reproductive Functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2016.02.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Phoenixin-14 enhances memory and mitigates memory impairment induced by Aβ1-42 and scopolamine in mice. Brain Res 2015; 1629:298-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Bergen AA, Kaing S, ten Brink JB, Gorgels TG, Janssen SF. Gene expression and functional annotation of human choroid plexus epithelium failure in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:956. [PMID: 26573292 PMCID: PMC4647590 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD has a multifactorial disease etiology and is currently untreatable. Multiple genes and molecular mechanisms have been implicated in AD, including ß-amyloid deposition in the brain, neurofibrillary tangle accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated Tau, synaptic failure, oxidative stress and inflammation. Relatively little is known about the role of the blood-brain barriers, especially the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), in AD. The BCSFB is involved in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, maintenance of brain homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders. RESULTS Using an Agilent platform with common reference design, we performed a large scale gene expression analysis and functional annotation of the Choroid Plexus Epithelium (CPE), which forms the BCSFB. We obtained 2 groups of freshly frozen Choroid Plexus (CP) of 7 human donor brains each, with and without AD: Braak stages (0-1) and (5-6). We cut CP cryo-sections and isolated RNA from cresyl-violet stained, laser dissected CPE cells. Gene expression results were analysed with T-tests (R) and the knowledge-database Ingenuity. We found statistically significantly altered gene expression data sets, biological functions, canonical pathways, molecular networks and functionalities in AD-affected CPE. We observed specific cellular changes due to increased oxidative stress, such as the unfolded protein response, E1F2 and NRF2 signalling and the protein ubiquitin pathway. Most likely, the AD-affected BCSFB barrier becomes more permeable due to downregulation of CLDN5. Finally, our data also predicted down regulation of the glutathione mediated detoxification pathway and the urea cycle in the AD CPE, which suggest that the CPE sink action may be impaired. Remarkably, the expression of a number of genes known to be involved in AD, such as APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, TTR and CLU is moderate to high and remains stable in both healthy and affected CPE. Literature labelling of our new functional molecular networks confirmed multiple previous (molecular) observations in the AD literature and revealed many new ones. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CPE failure in AD exists. Combining our data with those of the literature, we propose the following chronological and overlapping chain of events: increased Aß burden on CPE; increased oxidative stress in CPE; despite continuous high expression of TTR: decreased capability of CPE to process amyloid; (pro-) inflammatory and growth factor signalling by CPE; intracellular ubiquitin involvement, remodelling of CPE tight junctions and, finally, cellular atrophy. Our data corroborates the hypothesis that increased BCSFB permeability, especially loss of selective CLDN5-mediated paracellular transport, altered CSF production and CPE sink action, as well as loss of CPE mediated macrophage recruitment contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sovann Kaing
- The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoline B ten Brink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Theo G Gorgels
- The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,University Eye Clinic Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah F Janssen
- The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Ishii M, Iadecola C. Metabolic and Non-Cognitive Manifestations of Alzheimer's Disease: The Hypothalamus as Both Culprit and Target of Pathology. Cell Metab 2015; 22:761-76. [PMID: 26365177 PMCID: PMC4654127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly recognized as a complex neurodegenerative disease beginning decades prior to the cognitive decline. While cognitive deficits remain the cardinal manifestation of AD, metabolic and non-cognitive abnormalities, such as alterations in body weight and neuroendocrine functions, are also present, often preceding the cognitive decline. Furthermore, hypothalamic dysfunction can also be a driver of AD pathology. Here we offer a brief appraisal of hypothalamic dysfunction in AD and provide insight into an underappreciated dual role of the hypothalamus as both a culprit and target of AD pathology, as well as into new opportunities for therapeutic interventions and biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishii
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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15
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Burnham VL, Thornton JE. Luteinizing hormone as a key player in the cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease. Horm Behav 2015; 76:48-56. [PMID: 26031357 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "SBN 2014". Alzheimer's disease is one of the most prevalent and costly neurological diseases in the world. Although decades of research have focused on understanding Alzheimer's disease pathology and progression, there is still a great lack of clinical treatments for those who suffer from it. One of the factors most commonly associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease is a decrease in levels of gonadal hormones, such as estrogens and androgens. Despite the correlational and experimental data which support the role of these hormones in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease, clinical trials involving their reintroduction through hormone therapy have had varied results and these gonadal hormones often have accompanying health risks. More recently, investigation has turned toward other hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that are disrupted by age-related decreases in gonadal hormones. Specifically, luteinizing hormone, which is increased with age in both men and women (in response to removal of negative feedback), has surfaced as a potentially powerful player in the risk and onset of Alzheimer's disease. Mounting evidence in basic research and epidemiological studies supports the role of elevated luteinizing hormone in exacerbating age-related cognitive decline in both males and females. This review summarizes the recent developments involving luteinizing hormone in increasing the cognitive deficits and molecular pathology characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Burnham
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Janice E Thornton
- Department of Neuroscience, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA.
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16
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Verdile G, Asih PR, Barron AM, Wahjoepramono EJ, Ittner LM, Martins RN. The impact of luteinizing hormone and testosterone on beta amyloid (Aβ) accumulation: Animal and human clinical studies. Horm Behav 2015; 76:81-90. [PMID: 26122291 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "SBN 2014". Hormonal changes associated with ageing have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. Reductions in serum testosterone and increases in luteinizing hormone (LH) are established AD risk factors for dementia in men and have important roles in modulating AD pathogenesis. One of the defining features of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain, which has a key role in the neurodegenerative cascade. Both testosterone and LH have been shown to modulate CNS Aβ accumulation in animal studies, and associations with cerebral amyloid load in human studies have supported this. The underlying mechanisms by which these hormones modulate Aβ accumulation and contribute to neurodegeneration are not completely understood, however they have been shown to regulate Aβ metabolism, enhance its clearance and alter the processing of its parent molecule, the amyloid precursor protein. This review will discuss underlying mechanisms by which testosterone and LH modulate Aβ and provide an update on therapeutic approaches targeting these hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Verdile
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia; Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's disease Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Prita R Asih
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia; Dementia Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anna M Barron
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Eka J Wahjoepramono
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's disease Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Medical Faculty, Pelita Harapan University - Neuroscience Centre, Siloam Hospital, Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2036, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia; Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's disease Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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17
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Liu X, Bai C, Ding X, Wei Z, Guo H, Li G. Microarray Analysis of the Gene Expression Profile and Lipid Metabolism in Fat-1 Transgenic Cattle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138874. [PMID: 26426396 PMCID: PMC4591129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are beneficial for human health. However, humans and mammals are unable to synthesize n-3 PUFAs because they lack the n-3 desaturase gene fat-1 and must therefore obtain this type of fatty acid through their diet. Through the production of fat-1 transgenic animals, it is possible to obtain animal products that are rich in n-3 PUFAs, such as meat and milk. The aim of this study was to analyze the gene expression profile and the mechanism of lipid metabolism in fat-1 transgenic cattle and to accumulate important basic data that are required to obtain more efficient fat-1 transgenic cattle. Transcriptome profiling of fat-1 transgenic and wild-type cattle identified differentially expressed genes that are involved in 90 biological pathways, eight pathways of which were related to lipid metabolism processes 36 genes of which were related to lipid metabolism. This analysis also identified 11 significantly enriched genes that were involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway. These findings were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The information obtained in this study indicated that the introduction of an exogenous fat-1 gene into cattle affects the gene expression profile and the process of lipid metabolism in these animals. These results may provide important insights into how an exogenous fat-1 gene synthesizes n-3 PUFAs in transgenic cattle and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- College of Animal Science and Animal Medicine, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunling Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiangbin Ding
- College of Animal Science and Animal Medicine, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuying Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Animal Medicine, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (HG); (GPL)
| | - Guangpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail: (HG); (GPL)
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18
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Olberg DE, Hausner SH, Bauer N, Klaveness J, Indrevoll B, Andressen KW, Dahl M, Levy FO, Sutcliffe JL, Haraldsen I. Radiosynthesis of high affinity fluorine-18 labeled GnRH peptide analogues: in vitro studies and in vivo assessment of brain uptake in rats. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of high affinity 18F-GnRH peptides have been synthesized and show utility as imaging agents for GnRH receptor expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sven H. Hausner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of California Davis
- Davis
- USA
- Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Nadine Bauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of California Davis
- Davis
- USA
| | | | | | - Kjetil Wessel Andressen
- Department of Pharmacology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital
- Oslo
- Norway
| | - Marie Dahl
- Department of Pharmacology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital
- Oslo
- Norway
| | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital
- Oslo
- Norway
| | - Julie L. Sutcliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of California Davis
- Davis
- USA
- Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ira Haraldsen
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine
- Oslo University Hospital
- Oslo
- Norway
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