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Eldafashi N, Waaz S, Ali TFS, Zaki MYW, Nazmy MH, Fathy M. The protective role of two oxindole derivatives is mediated by modulating NLRP3/caspase-1 and PI3K/AKT pathways in a preclinical animal model of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2024; 352:122872. [PMID: 38942361 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Aim Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a leading cause of mortality post liver transplantation, hypovolemic shock and trauma. In this study, we tested, on molecular bases, the possible protective role of two different derivatives of 2-oxindole in a preclinical model of HIRI in rats. MAIN METHODS HIRI was operated in male Wistar albino rats and prophylactic treatment with oxindole-curcumin (Coxi) or oxindole-vanillin (Voxi) was carried out before the operation. The biochemical and histopathological investigations, in addition to the mechanistic characterizations of the effect of the tested drugs were performed. KEY FINDINGS HIRI was assured with elevated liver enzymes and marked changes in histopathological features, inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Pretreatment with Coxi and Voxi improved the hepatic histopathological alterations, reduced the elevated serum liver enzymes level and hepatic Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased the hepatic Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced Glutathione (GSH) content, downregulated the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, Nod-Like Receptor p3 (NLRP3), Cleaved caspase1, Cleaved caspase 3 proteins, alongside the expression level of IL-1β, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and BAX genes, attenuated NF-кB p-P65 Ser536 and Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive neutrophils, and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Coxi and Voxi have promising hepatoprotective activity against HIRI in rats through ameliorating the biochemical and histopathological alterations, attenuating inflammatory and oxidative stress status by modulating the inflammatory TNF-α/ICAM-1, the pyroptosis NLRP3/Caspase-1, and the antioxidant PI3K/AKT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardeen Eldafashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Waaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Taha F S Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Marco Y W Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Maiiada Hassan Nazmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
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Huo CL, Wang B, Zhang X, Sun ZG. Skimmianine attenuates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating PI3K-AKT signaling pathway-mediated inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18232. [PMID: 37880319 PMCID: PMC10600244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common injury after liver transplantation and hepatectomy. Skimmianine (Ski) has antibacterial, antiviral pharmacological effects. However, it is not clear whether Ski has a protective effect against liver I/R injury. In the present study, we established a mouse liver I/R model and an AML12 cell hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model, both pretreated with different concentrations of Ski. Serum transaminase levels, necrotic liver area, cell viability, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and apoptosis-related levels were measured to assess the protective effect of Ski against liver I/R injury. Western blotting was used to detect apoptosis-related proteins and PI3K-AKT pathway-related proteins. Mice and cells were also treated with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 to assess changes in indicators of liver injury. The results showed that Ski significantly reduced transaminase levels, liver necrosis area, oxidative stress, and apoptosis levels in mice with I/R. Ski also inhibited cell injury and apoptosis after H/R. Moreover, Ski activated phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT pathway-related proteins after liver I/R and cell H/R. Importantly, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 effectively reversed the alleviation of I/R injury caused by Ski. These results confirm that Ski exerts a protective effect against liver I/R injury through activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Huo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No. 26, Chuyuan Avenue, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No. 26, Chuyuan Avenue, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No. 26, Chuyuan Avenue, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No. 26, Chuyuan Avenue, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
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Qiu S, Li X, Zhang J, Shi P, Cao Y, Zhuang Y, Tong L. Neutrophil membrane-coated taurine nanoparticles protect against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175712. [PMID: 37054936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a multifactorial process caused by transient tissue hypoxia and the following reoxygenation, commonly occurring in liver transplantation and hepatectomy. Hepatic I/R can induce a systemic inflammatory response, liver dysfunction, or even multiple organ failure. Although we have previously reported that taurine could attenuate acute liver injury after hepatic I/R, only a tiny proportion of the systemically injected taurine could reach the targeted organ and tissues. In this present study, we prepared taurine nanoparticles (Nano-taurine) by coating taurine with neutrophil membranes and investigated the protective effects of Nano-taurine against I/R-induced injury and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that Nano-taurine restored liver function by declining AST and ALT levels and reducing histology damage. Nano-taurine decreased inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) and oxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was increased, while prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) was decreased upon administration of Nano-taurine, suggesting that inhibiting ferroptosis may be involved in the mechanism during hepatic I/R injury. These results suggest that Nano-taurine have a targeted therapeutic effect on hepatic I/R injury by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163316, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuyi Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163316, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163316, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Pilong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163391, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163391, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163316, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Liquan Tong
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163316, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Emre E, Ogeturk M, Aydın S, Kuloglu T, Aksu F, Kavakli A. Carvacrol protects rat liver exposed to formaldehyde by regulating oxidative stress, and asprosin and subfatin hormones. Biotech Histochem 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36912062 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2187462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic doses of formaldehyde (FA) can cause oxidative damage and impair energy metabolism. Asprosin (ASP) and subfatin (SUB) are adipokines produced by adipose tissue that help regulate energy metabolism. We investigated the effects of carvacrol (CAR), an antioxidant with hepatoprotective properties, on ASP and SUB in rats exposed to FA using immunohistochemistry and biochemistry. We used 42 male Wistar albino rats divided into six groups of seven: group 1, untreated control; group 2, FA (10 ppm FA by inhalation 8 h/day, 5 days/week); group 3, CAR-20 (20 mg/kg); group 4, CAR-40; group 5, FA (10 ppm FA by inhalation 8 h/day, 5 days/week) + CAR-20 (20 mg/kg); group 6, FA (10 ppm FA by inhalation 8 h/day, 5 days/week) + CAR-40 (40 mg/kg). Levels of ASP and SUB, and total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in blood and liver tissue were measured using ELISA. ASP and SUB immunoreactivity was assessed using immunohistochemistry. The number of apoptotic cells was determined using the TUNEL method. The number of apoptotic cells in group 2 was increased compared to group 1. TOS in group 2 was increased compared to group 1. The numbers of apoptotic cells and TOS in group 3 were decreased compared to group 1. TOS was decreased in group 6 compared to group 2, but TOS was increased compared to group 1. We found ASP and SUB immunoreactivity in the liver. All alterations were reversed by addition of CAR. It appears that FA disrupts energy metabolism and CAR ameliorates the destructive effects of FA when used at appropriate doses, although CAR might be harmful at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Emre
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - M Ogeturk
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - S Aydın
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group) Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - T Kuloglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - F Aksu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - A Kavakli
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
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Kaltenmeier C, Wang R, Popp B, Geller D, Tohme S, Yazdani HO. Role of Immuno-Inflammatory Signals in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142222. [PMID: 35883665 PMCID: PMC9323912 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major obstacle in liver resection and liver transplantation. The initial step of IRI is mediated through ischemia which promotes the production of reactive oxygen species in Kupffer cells. This furthermore promotes the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, interferon, inducible nitric oxide synthase, TLR9/nuclear-factor kappa B pathway, and the production of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as ATP, histone, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), urate, mitochondrial formyl peptides and S100 proteins. With ongoing cell death of hepatocytes during the ischemic phase, DAMPs are built up and released into the circulation upon reperfusion. This promotes a cytokines/chemokine storm that attracts neutrophils and other immune cells to the site of tissue injury. The effect of IRI is further aggravated by the release of cytokines and chemokines, such as epithelial neutrophil activating protein (CXCL5), KC (CXCL1) and MIP-2 (CXCL2), the complement proteins C3a and C5a, mitochondrial-derived formyl peptides, leukotriene B4 and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) from migrating neutrophils. These NETs can also activate platelets and form Neutrophil-platelet microthrombi to further worsen ischemia in the liver. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge of mediators that promote liver IRI, and we will discuss the role of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in mediating IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Kaltenmeier
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Brandon Popp
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA;
| | - David Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Samer Tohme
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Hamza O. Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Fan H, Tu T, Zhang X, Yang Q, Liu G, Zhang T, Bao Y, Lu Y, Dong Z, Dong J, Zhao P. Sinomenine attenuates alcohol-induced acute liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112759. [PMID: 34883223 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Tingting Tu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Tianmeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yu Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yuhe Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Zibo Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Balci CN, Firat T, Acar N, Kukner A. Carvacrol treatment opens Kir6.2 ATP-dependent potassium channels and prevents apoptosis on rat testis following ischemia-reperfusion injury model. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 62:179-190. [PMID: 34609420 PMCID: PMC8597367 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.62.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Testicular torsion is a urological problem that causes subfertility and testicular damage in males. Testis torsion and detorsion lead to ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in the testis. Testicular IR injury causes the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress (OS) and germ cell-specific apoptosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Carvacrol has a protective effect on testicular IR injury and its effects on Kir6.2 channels, which is a member of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent potassium channels. In the study, 2–4 months old 36 albino Wistar rats were used. For experimental testicular IR model, the left testis was rotated counterclockwise at 720° for two hours, and after two hours following torsion, detorsion was performed. Carvacrol was dissolved in 5% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) at a dose of 73 mg/kg and half an hour before detorsion, 0.2 mL was administered intraperitoneally. In testicular tissues, caspase 3 and Kir6.2 immunoexpressions were examined. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and testosterone levels were measured. Apoptotic cells and serum MDA levels were significantly decreased and Kir6.2 activation was significantly increased in Carvacrol-administrated IR group. As a result of our study, Carvacrol may activates Kir6.2 channels and inhibits apoptosis and may have a protective effect on testicular IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemre Nur Balci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey;
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Silva EAP, Santos DM, de Carvalho FO, Menezes IAC, Barreto AS, Souza DS, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Santos MRV. Monoterpenes and their derivatives as agents for cardiovascular disease management: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:153451. [PMID: 33483251 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoterpenes are one of the most studied plant's secondary metabolites, they are found abundantly in essential oils of aromatic plants. They also have a great range of pharmacological properties, such as antihypertensive, bradycardic, antiarrhythmic and hypotensive. In the face of the burden caused by cardiovascular disease (CVDs) worldwide, studies using monoterpenes to assess their cardiovascular effects have increased over the years. PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to summarize the use of monoterpenes in animal models of any CVDs. METHODS PubMed, SCOPUS, LILACS and Web of Science databases were used to search for articles that used monoterpenes, in any type of administration, to treat or prevent CVDs in animal models. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Two independent researchers extracted main characteristics of studies, methods and outcomes. Data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS At the ending of the search process, 33 articles were selected for the systematic review. Of these, 17 articles were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 16 different monoterpenes were found for the treatment of hypertension, myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmia. The main actions include hypotension, bradycardia, vasodilatation, antiarrhythmic, and antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. From our data, it can be suggested that monoterpenes may be a significant source for new drug development. However, there is still a need to apply these knowledge into clinical research and a long path to pursue before putting them in the market. CONCLUSION The variability of cardiovascular effects demonstrated by the monoterpenes highlighted them as a promising candidates for treatment or prevention of CVDs. Nevertheless, studies that investigate their biological sites of action needs to be further encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Aian P Silva
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, S/N, Cidade Universitaria, São Cristovao-SE, 49100-000, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, S/N, Cidade Universitaria, São Cristovao-SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Danillo M Santos
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, S/N, Cidade Universitaria, São Cristovao-SE, 49100-000, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Rua Claudio Batista S/N, Sanatorio, Aracaju-SE, 49.060-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Oliveira de Carvalho
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, S/N, Cidade Universitaria, São Cristovao-SE, 49100-000, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Rua Claudio Batista S/N, Sanatorio, Aracaju-SE, 49.060-100, Brazil
| | - Igor A Cortes Menezes
- Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua General Carneiro, 181, Curitiba-PR, 80060-900, Brazil
| | - André S Barreto
- Department of Health Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Governador Marcelo Deda, 13, Centro, Lagarto-SE, CEP 49400-000, Brazil
| | - Diego S Souza
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, S/N, Cidade Universitaria, São Cristovao-SE, 49100-000, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Rua Claudio Batista S/N, Sanatorio, Aracaju-SE, 49.060-100, Brazil
| | - Márcio R V Santos
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, S/N, Cidade Universitaria, São Cristovao-SE, 49100-000, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Rua Claudio Batista S/N, Sanatorio, Aracaju-SE, 49.060-100, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, S/N, Cidade Universitaria, São Cristovao-SE, 49100-000, Brazil.
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WANG Y, YAN X, ZHANG Q, SONG A, HAN F. [Study on the mechanism of Flos Puerariae and Semen Hoveniae in treatment of alcoholic liver injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:714-724. [PMID: 33448174 PMCID: PMC10412418 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.12.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Flos Puerariae and Semen Hoveniae in treatment of alcoholic liver injury (ALI) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS The information of chemical constituents and targets of Flos Puerariae and Semen Hoveniae was collected from TCMSP and Swiss databases, and the threshold values of oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30%, drug likeness (DL) ≥0.18 were used to screen the potential active compounds. The GeneCard and DrugBank databases were used to obtain the targets corresponding to ALI. The common targets were queried using Venn Diagram, and the network of PPI and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed through DAVID and Reactome database. Autodock Vina software was used for molecular docking of potential ingredients and key targets. RESULTS A total of 21 potential active compounds and 431 therapeutic targets were gathered in Flos Puerariae and Semen Hoveniae, which involved 273 biological functions, 90 KEGG pathways and 362 Reactome pathways. The GO functions involved protein binding, ATP binding, etc.; the KEGG pathways mainly included PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway; the Reactome pathways contained signal transduction and immune system, etc. The results of molecular docking showed that 21 potential active ingredients had good affinity with the core targets Akt1, TP53 and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS The network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis demonstrate the synergetic effect of Flos Puerariae and Semen Hoveniae with multi-compounds, multi-targets and multi-pathways in the treatment of ALI; and also predict the possible medicinal substance, key targets and pathways, which provides clues for the new drug development and mechanism research.
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Octreotide and melatonin alleviate inflammasome-induced pyroptosis through inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 pathway in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 410:115340. [PMID: 33264646 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway is essential in the pathogenesis of hepatic ischemia/ reperfusion (HIR) injury. Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory programmed cell death that is related to several diseases. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine whether pretreatment with octreotide (somatostatin analogue, OCT) at different doses or OCT at 75μg/kg combined with melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MLT) can alleviate HIR injury via targeting NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in a TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB dependent manner. METHODS Rats were randomized into sham, HIR, OCT (50, 75, and 100 µg/kg), MLT, and MLT + OCT75 groups. Ischemia was induced via occlusion of the portal triad for 30 min followed by 24 h reperfusion. RESULTS OCT pretreatment at doses (50 or 75 μg/kg), MLT alone, and MLT + OCT75 significantly ameliorated the biochemical with histopathological changes, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, then augmented anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic markers through downregulation of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6, p-IκBα (S32), p-NF-κBp65 (S536), NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1(p20), and GSDMD-N expressions compared with HIR group. CONCLUSION OCT at doses (50 or 75 µg/kg) showed for the first time a hepatoprotective effect against HIR injury via inhibiting TLR4-NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in rats. As well, OCT75 was more effective than OCT50 or MLT alone, and its effect was not enhanced after the addition of MLT, through downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Li S, Zhang M, Zhang B. MTMR14 protects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury through interacting with AKT signaling in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110455. [PMID: 32768948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is characterized by severe inflammation and cell death. However, very few effective therapies are presently available for hepatic IR injury treatment. Here, we reported a protective function and the underlying mechanism of myotubularin-related protein 14 (MTMR14) during hepatic IR injury. Hepatocyte-specific MTMR14 knockout (HKO) and transgenic (TG) mice were subjected to hepatic IR operation to explore MTMR14 function in vivo. Primary hepatocytes isolated from MTMR14-HKO and MTMR14-TG mice were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) insult in vitro. We found that MTMR14 expression in liver tissues from individuals with hepatic IR was markedly decreased, and similar results were detected in mice with hepatic IR surgery. MTMR14-TG mice following hepatic IR operation had obviously ameliorated liver pathological changes, along with improved hepatic dysfunction, which was proved by the decreased serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) levels. MTMR14-HKO and MTMR14-TG animal models indicated that MTMR14 alleviated cell death and inflammatory response. In addition, MTMR14 inhibited nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. Of note, promoting MTMR14 expression improved phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/AKT) pathway through a physical interaction with AKT, subsequently reducing cell death and inflammation. Therefore, MTMR14 is a protective factor during hepatic IR injury, and the MTMR14/AKT signaling is involved the pathogenesis hepatic IR injury. Improvement of this axis might be a novel therapeutic strategy for the prevention of this pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Li
- Liver Department, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang 262500, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Intervention Radiology (Department of Pain), Tangdu Hospital, the Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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12
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Xiang L, Hu X, Zhang J, She J, Li M, Zhou T. Immunodepression induced by influenza A virus (H1N1) in lymphoid organs functions as a pathogenic mechanism. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1664-1673. [PMID: 32496586 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the frequency of influenza epidemics around the world has posed a great threat to the lives of people, especially those in developing countries. However, it is unclear which organs are the targets of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and what histopathology is caused by IAVs. In this study, BALB/c female mice were infected with H1N1 by nasal inoculation for 5 days. After euthanasia, the brain, heart, lungs, thymus, liver, spleen, hilar lymph nodes, pancreas, kidneys, and adrenal glands were collected. Among these organs, only the lungs, thymus, spleen, and hilar lymph nodes showed lesions. Lung histopathology was characterized by widening of the septum, lymphocyte infiltration, alveolar effusion, and alveolar hyaline membrane formation. The thymus and spleen exhibited atrophy due to the apoptosis of numerous lymphocytes. Although the hilar lymph nodes were enlarged, lymphocyte apoptosis still occurred. The nucleocapsid protein (NP) of IAVs was present not only in the lungs but also in the thymus, spleen, and hilar lymph nodes. In peripheral blood, CD19+ B lymphocyte levels clearly decreased whileCD3+ CD8+ T and CD3+ CD4+ T lymphocyte levels temporarily decreased but subsequently increased. These results demonstrate that H1N1 in the lungs could reach lymphoid organs, induce the depletion of B and T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and lymphoid organs, and suppress adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- Department of pathogenic biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of pathogenic biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of pathogenic biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Junping She
- Department of pathogenic biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiejun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Kamel EO, Hassanein EHM, Ahmed MA, Ali FEM. Perindopril Ameliorates Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Via
Regulation of NF‐κB‐p65/TLR‐4, JAK1/STAT‐3, Nrf‐2, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1935-1949. [PMID: 31606943 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esam O. Kamel
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of MedicineAl‐Azhar University Assiut Egypt
| | - Emad H. M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyAl‐Azhar University Assiut Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineAssiut University Asyut Egypt
| | - Fares E. M. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyAl‐Azhar University Assiut Egypt
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Rabie MA, Zaki HF, Sayed HM. Telluric acid ameliorates hepatic ischemia reperfusion-induced injury in rats: Involvement of TLR4, Nrf2, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:404-411. [PMID: 31386827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In past tellurium-based compounds had limited use, however, their therapeutic potential have been target of interest recently due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities in experimental endotoxemia. Nevertheless, their potential hepatoprotective effect against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is still obscure. This study examined the possible hepatoprotective effect of telluric acid (TELL), one of tellurium-based compound, against the deteriorating effect hepatic IR injury in rats through directing toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) cascade, phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt axis, and nuclear erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) pathway as possible mechanisms contributed to TELL's effect. Indeed, male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: sham-operated, control IR and TELL (50 µg/kg). TELL was administrated once daily for seven consecutive days prior to the IR induction. Pretreatment with TELL attenuated hepatic IR injury as manifested by hampered plasma aminotransaminases and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Also, TELL opposed IR induced elevation in tissue expression/activity of high-mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1), TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88), phospho-nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (p-NF-κB p65), phospho-mitogen activated protein kinasep38 (p-MAPKp38) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, TELL reduced the elevated thiobarbituric acid reactive substances along with increased both Nrf-2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression, beside replenishment of hepatic reduced glutathione. In addition, TELL induced obvious upregulation of p-PI3K and p-Akt protein expressions together with restoration of histopathological changes in IR injury. In conclusion, TELL purveyed conceivable novel hepatoprotective mechanisms and attenuated events associated with acute hepatic injury via inhibition of TLR4 downstream axis and activation of Nrf-2 and PI3K/Akt signaling cascades. Thus, TELL may provide a novel therapeutic potential for complications of hepatic IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Κasr El-Aini Str., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Κasr El-Aini Str., 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helmy M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Κasr El-Aini Str., 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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The neuroprotective effects of carvacrol on ischemia/reperfusion-induced hippocampal neuronal impairment by ferroptosis mitigation. Life Sci 2019; 235:116795. [PMID: 31470002 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral ischemia is the most common type of neuronal injury and is characterized by a reduction in the function and number of hippocampal neurons. Carvacrol has a significant neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanisms by which carvacrol affects cerebral ischemia, especially with respect to the regulation of neuronal damage by iron levels, have never been systematically studied. This study aimed to reveal the mechanisms by which carvacrol protects against hippocampal neuron impairment after ischemic stroke in gerbils. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate learning and memory impairments. Iron ion content and oxidative stress index were detected by the kit. MTT assay was performed to assess the cell viability. The morphology and molecular characteristics were detected by electron micrographs and western blot. RESULTS In the present study, we demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of carvacrol in vivo and in vitro. The Morris water maze test showed that the learning and memory abilities of the gerbils treated with carvacrol were significantly improved. Lipid peroxide injury was evaluated by measuring the levels of lipid peroxide biomarkers; the results indicated that carvacrol decreased the level of lipid peroxide in ischemic gerbil brain tissue. Histopathological examinations and western blotting were performed to evaluate injury in neurons, and carvacrol reduced cell death. Moreover, ferroptosis in the hippocampus was evaluated by measuring the levels of proteins involved in this iron-dependent form of regulated cell death. These results indicated that carvacrol reduced cell death and that carvacrol inhibited ferroptosis by increasing the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPx4). This study showed that carvacrol may be a valuable drug for treating cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSION Carvacrol provides protection for hippocampal neurons against I/R in gerbils by inhibiting ferroptosis through increasing the expression of GPx4.
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Somensi N, Rabelo TK, Guimarães AG, Quintans-Junior LJ, de Souza Araújo AA, Moreira JCF, Gelain DP. Carvacrol suppresses LPS-induced pro-inflammatory activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages through ERK1/2 and NF-kB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105743. [PMID: 31357087 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are immune system cells that respond to various pathogenic insults. The recognition of antigens is performed through receptors such as TLR4 and RAGE, which recognize pathogen-associated patterns (PAMPs), including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. Carvacrol (CAR) is a phenolic compound found in some essential oils commonly used in folk medicine for treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Previous works observed strong antioxidant actions and some anti-inflammatory effects by CAR in in vivo and in vitro assays. However, the potential pharmacological application of CAR remains limited as details on its mechanisms of action are still missing. Here we investigated the molecular pathways by which CAR acts on LPS-mediated pro-inflammatory activation of RAW 264.7 macrophages. CAR 100 μM protected cells against loss of cell viability induced by LPS (1 μg/mL). Pre-incubation with CAR prevented LPS-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but it had no effect on p38 and JNK activation. The effect of LPS on NF-kB (p65) translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus was inhibited by CAR, as well as NF-kB transcriptional activation. Moreover, LPS-elicited release of TNF-α and IL-1β were inhibited by CAR, as well as activation of phagocytic activity. Such effects may be related to the antioxidant effect of CAR, as the LPS-induced increase in reactive species (RS) production (assessed by DCFH oxidation) and nitric oxide (NO) production (assessed by nitrite quantification) were inhibited by CAR. Altogether, these results demonstrate that CAR exerts relevant anti-inflammatory actions through a cellular mechanism involving ERK1/2 and NF-kB inhibition and possibly related to the antioxidant properties of this phenolic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nauana Somensi
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Thallita Kelly Rabelo
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos - LANEF, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Lucindo José Quintans-Junior
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Ensaios Farmacológicos - LANEF, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacêuticos e Toxicidade, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (LeFT/UFS), Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Li Z, Zhao F, Cao Y, Zhang J, Shi P, Sun X, Zhang F, Tong L. DHA attenuates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting pyroptosis and activating PI3K/Akt pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 835:1-10. [PMID: 30075219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is very common in liver transplantation and major liver surgeries and may cause liver failure or even death. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has displayed activities in reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in many disorders. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of DHA against I/R-induced injury and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that DHA protected hepatic I/R injury by reducing aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and decreasing the oxidative stress in liver tissues. The viability of Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells was reduced by hypoxia/restoration (H/R) but restored by DHA. DHA significantly downregulated the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins including NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptotic speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) and cleaved caspase-1 and reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The above results were supported by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. However, incubation with LY294002, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), abolished the effects of DHA, since it increased the expression of cleaved caspase-1 and the production of inflammatory cytokines. The present results have demonstrated that DHA ameliorated I/R-induced injury by inhibiting pyroptosis of hepatocytes induced in liver I/R injury in vivo and in vitro through the PI3K/Akt pathway, providing a potential therapeutic option to prevent liver injury by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163316, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fazhang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163316, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163391, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163316, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Pilong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163391, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163316, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Liquan Tong
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163316, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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18
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Carvacrol attenuates histopathogic and functional impairments induced by bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:656-661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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19
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Lu M, Jiang X, Tong L, Zhang F, Ma L, Dong X, Sun X. MicroRNA-21-Regulated Activation of the Akt Pathway Participates in the Protective Effects of H 2S against Liver Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:229-238. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- Department of Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Xian Jiang
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Liquan Tong
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Xuesong Dong
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Xueying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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20
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Zhu M, Zhou X, Zhao J. Quercetin prevents alcohol-induced liver injury through targeting of PI3K/Akt/nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:6169-6175. [PMID: 29285175 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a type of flavonoid compound, which has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, capable of treating a variety of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, diabetes and obesity. The present study selected alcohol-induced liver injury model mice and aimed at studying the protective role of quercetin in preventing alcohol-induced liver injury. In alcohol-induced liver injury mice treated with quercetin, it was demonstrated that levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, total bilirubin and triglyceride were reduced. In addition to this, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were increased, malondialdehyde was inhibited, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were suppressed. Quercetin additionally suppressed the protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, Bcl-2 associated X apoptosis regulator, Caspase-3, poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 phosphorylation, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation levels in alcohol-induced liver injured mice. These results suggested that the protective role of quercetin prevents alcohol-induced liver injury through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/NF-κB and STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Zhu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Xiao Q, Ye Q, Wang W, Xiao J, Fu B, Xia Z, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zeng X. Mild hypothermia pretreatment protects against liver ischemia reperfusion injury via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7520-7526. [PMID: 28944825 PMCID: PMC5865885 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild hypothermia is known to protect against ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. The exact mechanisms of the protection are not fully understood. Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) has been defined as a critical mediator in cellular processes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, cell death and DNA repair; however, the protection function in mild hypothermia has not been reported previously. The current study was designed to investigate the function of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/FOXO3a pathway in pretreatment with mild hypothermia during IR injury. Additionally, PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a signaling was inhibited using Ly294002 and the effect on the protective function of mild hypothermia pretreatment was evaluated. Furthermore, the apoptotic and inflammatory response induced by the IR injury was evaluated. Liver IR injury induced a significant increase in the level of apoptosis and inflammatory responses. However, pretreatment with mild hypothermia increased phospho (p)-AKT and p-FOXO3a following IR injury, and significantly reduced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines release. However, inhibiting p-AKT and p-FOXO3a using Ly294002 suppressed the liver protection produced by mild hypothermia. In conclusion, these findings indicated that mild hypothermia pretreatment exhibited liver protective effects against IR injury associated with suppressing inflammatory cytokine release and apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jiansheng Xiao
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Biqi Fu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xingjian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhongzhong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xianpeng Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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22
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Ozer EK, Goktas MT, Toker A, Bariskaner H, Ugurluoglu C, Iskit AB. Effects of Carvacrol on Survival, Mesenteric Blood Flow, Aortic Function and Multiple Organ Injury in a Murine Model of Polymicrobial Sepsis. Inflammation 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Xiao Q, Ye QF, Wang W, Fu BQ, Xia ZP, Liu ZZ, Zhang XJ, Wang YF. Mild hypothermia pretreatment protects hepatocytes against ischemia reperfusion injury via down-regulating miR-122 and IGF-1R/AKT pathway. Cryobiology 2017; 75:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Chen Y, Ba L, Huang W, Liu Y, Pan H, Mingyao E, Shi P, Wang Y, Li S, Qi H, Sun H, Cao Y. Role of carvacrol in cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through activation of MAPK/ERK and Akt/eNOS signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 796:90-100. [PMID: 27916558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carvacrol (CAR) is a compound isolated from some essential oils, many studies have demonstrated its therapeutic potential on different diseases. This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of CAR against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Male adult rats underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in I/R models. Rats were treated with CAR after LAD. The levels of I/R- induced infarct size, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac functional impairment were examined. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by western blotting. Cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxic reperfusion (H/R) injury were tested by Hoechst 33258. Our results revealed that CAR administration significantly protected the heart function, attenuated myocardial infarct size, increased SOD and CAT levels, reduced MDA level and especially decreased cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Western blotting showed that CAR treatment up-regulated phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), while producing no impact onp38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The cardioprotection of CAR was reversed by the ERK inhibitor PD-98059, demonstrating the involvement of the MAPK/ERK pathway in the anti-apoptotic mechanisms of CAR. Besides, the results in vitro also showed the protective efficiency of CAR on cardiomyocytes H/R injury. Furthermore, pretreatment with CAR markedly increased the activation of Akt/eNOS pathway in cardiomyocytes subjected to H/R, and the protective effects of CAR were abolished in the presence of the Akt inhibitor LY294002. Therefore, the cardioprotective effects of CAR may be attributed to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities through activations of the MAPK/ERK and Akt/eNOS signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Lina Ba
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - E Mingyao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Pilong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shuzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hanping Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.
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Covington SM, Bauler LD, Toledo-Pereyra LH. Akt: A Therapeutic Target in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J INVEST SURG 2016; 30:47-55. [PMID: 27463073 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1206999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is the second most common transplant procedure in the United States. A leading cause of post-transplantation organ dysfunction is I/R injury. During I/R injury, the serine/threonine kinase Akt is activated, stimulating downstream mediators to promote cellular survival. Due to the cellular effects of Akt, therapeutic manipulation of the Akt pathway can help reduce cellular damage during hepatic I/R that occurs during liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE A full description of therapeutic options available that target Akt to reduce hepatic I/R injury has not been addressed within the literature. The purpose of this review is to illuminate advances in the manipulation of Akt that can be used to therapeutically target I/R injury in the liver. METHODS An in depth literature review was performed using the Scopus and PubMed databases. A total of 75 published articles were utilized for this manuscript. Terminology searched includes a combination of "hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury", "Akt/PKB", "preconditioning" and "postconditioning." RESULTS Four principal methods that reduce I/R injury include hepatic pre- and postconditioning, pharmacological intervention and future miRNA/gene therapy. Discussed therapies used serum alanine aminotransferase levels, liver histology and phosphorylation of downstream mediators to confirm the Akt protective effect. CONCLUSION The activation of Akt from the reviewed therapies has resulted in predictable reduction in hepatocyte damage using the previously mentioned measurements. In a clinical setting, these therapies could potentially be used in combination to achieve better outcomes in hepatic transplant patients. Evidence supporting reduced I/R injury through Akt activation warrants further studies in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Covington
- a Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine , East Lansing, Michigan , USA
| | - Laura D Bauler
- b Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo , Michigan , USA
| | - Luis H Toledo-Pereyra
- b Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo , Michigan , USA
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26
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Chen WL, Barszczyk A, Turlova E, Deurloo M, Liu B, Yang BB, Rutka JT, Feng ZP, Sun HS. Inhibition of TRPM7 by carvacrol suppresses glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16321-40. [PMID: 25965832 PMCID: PMC4599272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are progressive brain tumors with devastating proliferative and invasive characteristics. Ion channels are the second largest target class for drug development. In this study, we investigated the effects of the TRPM7 inhibitor carvacrol on the viability, resistance to apoptosis, migration, and invasiveness of the human U87 glioblastoma cell line. The expression levels of TRPM7 mRNA and protein in U87 cells were detected by RT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. TRPM7 currents were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. An MTT assay was used to assess cell viability and proliferation. Wound healing and transwell experiments were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Protein levels of p-Akt/t-Akt, p-ERK1/2/t-ERK1/2, cleaved caspase-3, MMP-2 and phosphorylated cofilin were also detected. TRPM7 mRNA and protein expression in U87 cells is higher than in normal human astrocytes. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording showed that carvacrol blocks recombinant TRPM7 current in HEK293 cells and endogenous TRPM7-like current in U87 cells. Carvacrol treatment reduced the viability, migration and invasion of U87 cells. Carvacrol also decreased MMP-2 protein expression and promoted the phosphorylation of cofilin. Furthermore, carvacrol inhibited the Ras/MEK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Therefore, carvacrol may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of glioblastomas through its inhibition of TRPM7 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Barszczyk
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Turlova
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marielle Deurloo
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Baosong Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Burton B Yang
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Zhang Q, Fan K, Wang P, Yu J, Liu R, Qi H, Sun H, Cao Y. Carvacrol induces the apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells under hypoxia. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 770:134-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Carvacrol protects neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against Fe(2+)-induced apoptosis by suppressing activation of MAPK/JNK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1426-36. [PMID: 26592517 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Carvacrol (2-methyl-5-isopropylphenol), a phenolic monoterpene in the essential oils of the genera Origanum and Thymus, has been shown to exert a variety of therapeutic effects. Here we examined whether carvacrol protected neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against Fe(2+)-induced apoptosis and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with Fe(2+) for 24 h, and the cell viability was assessed with CCK-8 assay. TUNEL assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to evaluate cell apoptosis. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB p65 were determined using qPCR. The expression of relevant proteins was determined using Western blot analysis or immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with Fe(2+) (50-200 μmol/L) dose-dependently decreased the cell viability, which was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with carvacrol (164 and 333 μmol/L). Treatment with Fe(2+) increased the Bax level and caspase-3 activity, and decreased the Bcl-2 level, resulting in cell apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment with Fe(2+) significantly increased the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and induced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Treatment with Fe(2+) also significantly increased the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, JNK and IKK in the cells. Pretreatment with carvacrol significantly inhibited Fe(2+)-induced activation of NF-κB, expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cell apoptosis. Moreover, pretreatment with carvacrol inhibited Fe(2+)-induced phosphorylation of JNK and IKK, but not p38 and ERK in the cells. CONCLUSION Carvacrol protects neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against Fe(2+)-induced apoptosis, which may result from suppressing the MAPK/JNK-NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Protective Effect of Intravenous High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Glycol on Fatty Liver Preservation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:794287. [PMID: 26543868 PMCID: PMC4620277 DOI: 10.1155/2015/794287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) leads to significant tissue damage in liver surgery. Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are water soluble nontoxic polymers that have proved their effectiveness against IRI. The objective of our study was to investigate the potential protective effects of intravenous administration of a high molecular weight PEG of 35 kDa (PEG 35) in steatotic livers subjected to cold ischemia reperfusion. In this study, we used isolated perfused rat liver model to assess the effects of PEG 35 intravenous administration after prolonged cold ischemia (24 h, 4°C) and after reperfusion (2 h, 37°C). Liver injury was measured by transaminases levels and mitochondrial damage was determined by confocal microscopy assessing mitochondrial polarization (after cold storage) and by measuring glutamate dehydrogenase activity (after reperfusion). Also, cell signaling pathways involved in the physiopathology of IRI were assessed by western blot technique. Our results show that intravenous administration of PEG 35 at 10 mg/kg ameliorated liver injury and protected the mitochondria. Moreover, PEG 35 administration induced a significant phosphorylation of prosurvival protein kinase B (Akt) and activation of cytoprotective factors e-NOS and AMPK. In conclusion, intravenous PEG 35 efficiently protects steatotic livers exposed to cold IRI.
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Molecular pathways in protecting the liver from ischaemia/reperfusion injury: a 2015 update. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:345-62. [PMID: 26014222 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia/reperfusion injury is an important cause of liver damage during surgical procedures such as hepatic resection and liver transplantation, and represents the main cause of graft dysfunction post-transplantation. Molecular processes occurring during hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion are diverse, and continuously include new and complex mechanisms. The present review aims to summarize the newest concepts and hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of liver ischaemia/reperfusion, making clear distinction between situations of cold and warm ischaemia. Moreover, the most updated therapeutic strategies including pharmacological, genetic and surgical interventions, as well as some of the scientific controversies in the field are described.
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