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Suzuki K, Imaoka T, Tomita M, Sasatani M, Doi K, Tanaka S, Kai M, Yamada Y, Kakinuma S. Molecular and cellular basis of the dose-rate-dependent adverse effects of radiation exposure in animal models. Part I: Mammary gland and digestive tract. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:210-227. [PMID: 36773323 PMCID: PMC10036108 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While epidemiological data are available for the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) for human populations, animal models have contributed significantly to providing quantitative data with mechanistic insights. The aim of the current review is to compile both the in vitro experiments with reference to the dose-rate effects of DNA damage and repair, and the animal studies, specific to rodents, with reference to the dose-rate effects of cancer development. In particular, the review focuses especially on the results pertaining to underlying biological mechanisms and discusses their possible involvement in the process of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. Because the concept of adverse outcome pathway (AOP) together with the key events has been considered as a clue to estimate radiation risks at low doses and low dose-rates, the review scrutinized the dose-rate dependency of the key events related to carcinogenesis, which enables us to unify the underlying critical mechanisms to establish a connection between animal experimental studies with human epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Suzuki
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Tel: +81-95-819-7116; Fax: +81-95-819-7117;
| | | | | | | | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- Nippon Bunri University, 1727-162 Ichiki, Oita, Oita 870-0397, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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2
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Shimura T, Zaharieva E, Sasatani M, Kawai H, Kamiya K, Ushiyama A. ACTIVATION OF HUMAN FIBROBLASTS BY CHRONIC RADIATION RATHER THAN ACUTE RADIATION. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1098-1103. [PMID: 36083750 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF), an activated type of fibroblast, is a major stromal cell that contributes to tumor initiation and development in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We previously reported that fractionated radiation rather than acute radiation causes progressive damage to mitochondria and increases the generation of reactive oxygen species, playing an important role in the fibroblast activation in normal tissue injury. Activated fibroblasts then become CAF by interacting with tumor cells, promoting tumor growth in vivo. We here examined the chronic radiation effect on fibroblast activation. Acute radiation (<2.5 Gy) did not increase alpha-Smooth muscle actin, a CAF marker expression in healthy human cells, whereas chronic radiation (2.5 Gy) did. It can be concluded that the induction of fibroblast activation changes across acute radiation, fractionated radiation, and chronic radiation depending on the irradiation technique. This study highlights that radiation activates fibroblasts, playing a role in radiation-related tumor development via TME formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimura
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
| | - E Zaharieva
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research, Center for Radiation Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 784-8553, Japan
| | - M Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research, Center for Radiation Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 784-8553, Japan
| | - H Kawai
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - K Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research, Center for Radiation Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 784-8553, Japan
| | - A Ushiyama
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
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3
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Identification of Novel Regulators of Radiosensitivity Using High-Throughput Genetic Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158774. [PMID: 35955908 PMCID: PMC9369104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological impact of ionizing radiation (IR) on humans depends not only on the physical properties and absorbed dose of radiation but also on the unique susceptibility of the exposed individual. A critical target of IR is DNA, and the DNA damage response is a safeguard mechanism for maintaining genomic integrity in response to the induced cellular stress. Unrepaired DNA lesions lead to various mutations, contributing to adverse health effects. Cellular sensitivity to IR is highly correlated with the ability of cells to repair DNA lesions, in particular coding sequences of genes that affect that process and of others that contribute to preserving genomic integrity. However, accurate profiling of the molecular events underlying individual sensitivity requires techniques with sensitive readouts. Here we summarize recent studies that have used whole-genome analysis and identified genes that impact individual radiosensitivity. Whereas microarray and RNA-seq provide a snapshot of the transcriptome, RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR-Cas9 techniques are powerful tools that enable modulation of gene expression and characterizing the function of specific genes involved in radiosensitivity or radioresistance. Notably, CRISPR-Cas9 has altered the landscape of genome-editing technology with its increased readiness, precision, and sensitivity. Identifying critical regulators of cellular radiosensitivity would help tailor regimens that enhance the efficacy of therapeutic treatments and fast-track prediction of clinical outcomes. It would also contribute to occupational protection based on average individual sensitivity, as well as the formulation of countermeasures to the harmful effects of radiation.
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Kanao R, Kawai H, Taniguchi T, Takata M, Masutani C. RFWD3 and translesion DNA polymerases contribute to PCNA modification-dependent DNA damage tolerance. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202201584. [PMID: 35905994 PMCID: PMC9348633 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage tolerance pathways are regulated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) modifications at lysine 164. Translesion DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase η (Polη) is well studied, but less is known about Polη-independent mechanisms. Illudin S and its derivatives induce alkyl DNA adducts, which are repaired by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). We demonstrate that in addition to TC-NER, PCNA modification at K164 plays an essential role in cellular resistance to these compounds by overcoming replication blockages, with no requirement for Polη. Polκ and RING finger and WD repeat domain 3 (RFWD3) contribute to tolerance, and are both dependent on PCNA modifications. Although RFWD3 is a FANC protein, we demonstrate that it plays a role in DNA damage tolerance independent of the FANC pathway. Finally, we demonstrate that RFWD3-mediated cellular survival after UV irradiation is dependent on PCNA modifications but is independent of Polη. Thus, RFWD3 contributes to PCNA modification-dependent DNA damage tolerance in addition to translesion DNA polymerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kanao
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaco-Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Kawai
- Department of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chikahide Masutani
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaco-Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation Suppresses the Expression of Cell Cycle-Related Genes, Resulting in Modification of Sensitivity to Anti-Cancer Drugs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030501. [PMID: 35159310 PMCID: PMC8833988 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological effects of low-dose-rate (LDR) radiation exposure in nuclear power plant accidents and medical uses of ionizing radiation (IR), although being a social concern, remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of LDR-IR on global gene expression in human cells and aimed to clarify the mechanisms. RNA-seq analyses demonstrated that relatively low dose rates of IR modify gene expression levels in TIG-3 cells under normoxic conditions, but those effects were attenuated under hypoxia-mimicking conditions. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that LDR-IR significantly decreased gene expression related to cell division, cell cycle, mitosis, and the Aurora kinase B and FOXM1 pathways. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the down-regulation of AURKB and FOXM1 genes in TIG-3 cells with LDR-IR or hypoxia-mimicking treatments without any dose-rate effect. Knock-down experiments suggested that HIF-1α and HIF-2α, as well as DEC1, participated in down-regulation of AURKB and FOXM1 under DFOM treatments, but to a lesser extent under LDR-IR treatment. FACS and microscopic analyses demonstrated that LDR-IR induced G0/G1 arrest and increased micronucleus or chromosome condensation. Finally, MTT assays demonstrated that LDR-IR decreased sensitivity to paclitaxel or barasertib in TIG-3 cells but not in A549 cells. In conclusion, LDR-IR modifies global gene expression and cell cycle control, resulting in a reduction of sensitivity to anti-cancer chemotherapy in non-cancer cells and thus a reduction in untoward effects (GA).
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Zaharieva EK, Sasatani M, Kamiya K. Kinetics of DNA Repair Under Chronic Irradiation at Low and Medium Dose Rates in Repair Proficient and Repair Compromised Normal Fibroblasts. Radiat Res 2021; 197:332-349. [PMID: 34958666 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00158.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We present time and dose dependencies for the formation of 53BP1 and γH2AX DNA damage repair foci after chronic radiation exposure at dose rates of 140, 250 and 450 mGy/day from 3 to 96 h, in human and mouse repair proficient and ATM or DNA-PK deficient repair compromised cell models. We describe the time/dose-response curves using a mathematical equation which contains a linear component for the induction of DNA damage repair foci after irradiation, and an exponential component for their resolution. We show that under conditions of chronic irradiation at low and medium dose rates, the processes of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induction and repair establish an equilibrium, which in repair proficient cells manifests as a plateau-shaped dose-response where the plateau is reached within the first 24 h postirradiation, and its height is proportionate to the radiation dose rate. In contrast, in repair compromised cells, where the rate of repair may be exceeded by the DSB induction rate, DNA damage accumulates with time of exposure and total absorbed dose. In addition, we discuss the biological meaning of the observed dependencies by presenting the frequency of micronuclei formation under the same irradiation conditions as a marker of radiation-induced genomic instability. We believe that the data and analysis presented here shed light on the kinetics of DNA repair under chronic radiation and are useful for future studies in the low-to-medium dose rate range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Zaharieva
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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7
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Suzuki T, Masuda H, Mori M, Ito R, Kamiya H. Action-at-a-distance mutations at 5'-GpA-3' sites induced by oxidized guanine in WRN-knockdown cells. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:349-357. [PMID: 34272950 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G:C sites distant from 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (G O, 8-hydroxyguanine) are frequently mutated when the lesion-bearing plasmid DNA is replicated in human cells with reduced Werner syndrome (WRN) protein. To detect the untargeted mutations preferentially, the oxidized guanine base was placed downstream of the reporter supF gene and the plasmid DNA was introduced into WRN-knockdown cells. The total mutant frequency seemed higher in the WRN-knockdown cells as compared to the control cells. Mutation analyses revealed that substitution mutations occurred at the G:C pairs of 5'-GpA-3'/5'-TpC-3' sites, the preferred sequence for the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3)-family cytosine deaminases, in the supF gene in both control and knockdown cells. These mutations were observed more frequently at G sites than C sites on the DNA strand where the G O base was originally located. This tendency was promoted by the knockdown of the WRN protein. The present results imply the possible involvement of APOBEC3-family cytosine deaminases in the action-at-a-distance (untargeted) mutations at G:C (or G) sites induced by G O and in cancer initiation by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuda
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Madoka Mori
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rikako Ito
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiya
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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8
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Cui X, Pan G, Chen Y, Guo X, Liu T, Zhang J, Yang X, Cheng M, Gao H, Jiang F. The p53 pathway in vasculature revisited: A therapeutic target for pathological vascular remodeling? Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105683. [PMID: 34019981 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathological vascular remodeling contributes to the development of restenosis following intraluminal interventions, transplant vasculopathy, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Activation of the tumor suppressor p53 may counteract vascular remodeling by inhibiting aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and repressing vascular inflammation. In particular, the development of different lines of small-molecule p53 activators ignites the hope of treating remodeling-associated vascular diseases by targeting p53 pharmacologically. In this review, we discuss the relationships between p53 and pathological vascular remodeling, and summarize current experimental data suggesting that drugging the p53 pathway may represent a novel strategy to prevent the development of vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guopin Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaosun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haiqing Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Zaharieva E, Sasatani M, Matsumoto R, Kamiya K. Formation of DNA Damage Foci in Human and Mouse Primary Fibroblasts Chronically Exposed to Gamma Radiation at 0.1 mGy/min. Radiat Res 2021; 196:40-54. [PMID: 33857310 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00059.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose-rate radiation exposures and their associated cancer risk are an important concern for radiation protection today. Nevertheless, there is almost no data concerning DNA damage at dose rates below 0.1 mGy/min. In this study, we investigated the formation of DNA damage repair foci under chronic low-dose-rate irradiation relative to acute high-dose-rate irradiation and assessed the magnitude of the dose-rate effect. Four human and four mouse normal fibroblast cell models from different organs were subjected to gamma irradiation at 0.096 mGy/min or 0.81 Gy/min, and dose-response curves were established for the dose range from 0.1 to 0.8 Gy. The results indicate that prolonged low-dose-rate exposures cause modestly increased levels of DNA repair foci, with a strongly supralinear dose-response relationship, where 40-70% of the radiation effect at 1 Gy was already present at the total dose of 0.1 Gy. Thus, compared to acute irradiation, low-dose-rate exposure was 6-9 times less efficient at a total dose of 0.1 Gy, and 10-20 times less efficient at 1 Gy. Comparison between cell models revealed a certain correlation between the presence of persistent, above-background foci at 48 h after irradiation and the sensitivity to low-dose-rate radiation, suggesting that repair capacity plays an important role in the cellular response to chronic irradiation. Given the findings reported here, we propose that establishing detailed dose-response curves and accounting for the repair rates of different cell models are essential steps in elucidating dose-rate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zaharieva
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryoga Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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10
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Kuang Y, Kang J, Li H, Liu B, Zhao X, Li L, Jin X, Li Q. Multiple functions of p21 in cancer radiotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:987-1006. [PMID: 33547489 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater than half of cancer patients experience radiation therapy, for both radical and palliative objectives. It is well known that researches on radiation response mechanisms are conducive to improve the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy. p21 was initially identified as a widespread inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, transcriptionally modulated by p53 and a marker of cellular senescence. It was once considered that p21 acts as a tumour suppressor mainly to restrain cell cycle progression, thereby resulting in growth suppression. With the deepening researches on p21, p21 has been found to regulate radiation responses via participating in multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, senescence and autophagy. Hence, a comprehensive summary of the p21's functions in radiation response will provide a new perspective for radiotherapy against cancer. METHODS We summarize the recent pertinent literature from various electronic databases, including PubMed and analyzed several datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus database. This review discusses how p21 influences the effect of cancer radiotherapy via involving in multiple signaling pathways and expounds the feasibility, barrier and risks of using p21 as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target of radiotherapy. CONCLUSION p21's complicated and important functions in cancer radiotherapy make it a promising therapeutic target. Besides, more thorough insights of p21 are needed to make it a safe therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Kuang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Kang
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Bingtao Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xueshan Zhao
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Linying Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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11
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Suzuki T, Katayama Y, Komatsu Y, Kamiya H. Similar frequency and signature of untargeted substitutions induced by abasic site analog under reduced human APE1 conditions. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:283-288. [PMID: 34078835 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Abasic sites are formed in cells by various factors including environmental mutagens and considered to be involved in cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. A chemically stable abasic site analog (tetrahydrofuran-type analog, THF) induces untargeted base substitutions as well as targeted substitution and large deletion mutations in human cells. The untargeted substitutions may be initiated by the cleavage of the DNA strand bearing THF by the human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) protein, the major repair enzyme for THF and abasic sites. To examine the effects of lower APE1 levels, the protein was knocked down by siRNA in human U2OS cells. A plasmid containing a single THF modification outside the supF gene was introduced into the knockdown cells, and the untargeted substitution mutations in the reporter gene were analyzed. Unexpectedly, the knockdown had no evident impact on their frequency and spectrum. The G bases of 5'-GpA-3' dinucleotides on the modified strand were quite frequently substituted, with and without the APE1 knockdown. These results suggested that the DNA strand cleavage by APE1 is not essential for the THF-induced untargeted base substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yuri Katayama
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yasuo Komatsu
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiya
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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12
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Wang Q, Pujol-Canadell M, Taveras M, Garty G, Perrier J, Bueno-Beti C, Shuryak I, Brenner DJ, Turner HC. DNA damage response in peripheral mouse blood leukocytes in vivo after variable, low-dose rate exposure. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:89-98. [PMID: 31897603 PMCID: PMC7441378 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination and ingestion of the radionuclide Cesium-137 (137Cs) is a large concern in fallout from a nuclear reactor accident or improvised nuclear device, and highlights the need to develop biological assays for low-dose rate, internal emitter radiation. To mimic low-dose rates attributable to fallout, we have developed a VAriable Dose-rate External 137Cs irradiatoR (VADER), which can provide arbitrarily varying and progressive low-dose rate irradiations in the range of 0.1-1.2 Gy/day, while circumventing the complexities of dealing with radioactively contaminated biomaterials. We investigated the kinetics of mouse peripheral leukocytes DNA damage response in vivo after variable, low-dose rate 137Cs exposure. C57BL/6 mice were placed in the VADER over 7 days with total accumulated dose up to 2.7 Gy. Peripheral blood response including the leukocyte depletion, apoptosis as well as its signal protein p53 and DNA repair biomarker γ-H2AX was measured. The results illustrated that blood leukocyte numbers had significantly dropped by day 7. P53 levels peaked at day 2 (total dose = 0.91 Gy) and then declined; whereas, γ-H2AX fluorescence intensity (MFI) and foci number generally increased with accumulated dose and peaked at day 5 (total dose = 2.08 Gy). ROC curve analysis for γ-H2AX provided a good discrimination of accumulated dose < 2 Gy and ≥ 2 Gy, highlighting the potential of γ-H2AX MFI as a biomarker for dosimetry in a protracted, environmental exposure scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Monica Pujol-Canadell
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jay Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Carlos Bueno-Beti
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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13
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Fenerich BA, Fernandes JC, Rodrigues Alves APN, Coelho-Silva JL, Scopim-Ribeiro R, Scheucher PS, Eide CA, Tognon CE, Druker BJ, Rego EM, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F. NT157 has antineoplastic effects and inhibits IRS1/2 and STAT3/5 in JAK2 V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasm cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:5. [PMID: 32296029 PMCID: PMC6978524 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data indicate that IGF1R/IRS signaling is a potential therapeutic target in BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN); in this pathway, IRS2 is involved in the malignant transformation induced by JAK2V617F, and upregulation of IGF1R signaling induces the MPN phenotype. NT157, a synthetic compound designed as an IGF1R-IRS1/2 inhibitor, has been shown to induce antineoplastic effects in solid tumors. Herein, we aimed to characterize the molecular and cellular effects of NT157 in JAK2V617F-positive MPN cell lines (HEL and SET2) and primary patient hematopoietic cells. In JAK2V617F cell lines, NT157 decreased cell viability, clonogenicity, and cell proliferation, resulting in increases in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase (p < 0.05). NT157 treatment inhibited IRS1/2, JAK2/STAT, and NFκB signaling, and it activated the AP-1 complex, downregulated four oncogenes (CCND1, MYB, WT1, and NFKB1), and upregulated three apoptotic-related genes (CDKN1A, FOS, and JUN) (p < 0.05). NT157 induced genotoxic stress in a JAK2/STAT-independent manner. NT157 inhibited erythropoietin-independent colony formation in cells from polycythemia vera patients (p < 0.05). These findings further elucidate the mechanism of NT157 action in a MPN context and suggest that targeting IRS1/2 proteins may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Alves Fenerich
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Cristina Fernandes
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Nunes Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Scopim-Ribeiro
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Santos Scheucher
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cristina E Tognon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Shuryak I, Tkavc R, Matrosova VY, Volpe RP, Grichenko O, Klimenkova P, Conze IH, Balygina IA, Gaidamakova EK, Daly MJ. Chronic gamma radiation resistance in fungi correlates with resistance to chromium and elevated temperatures, but not with resistance to acute irradiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11361. [PMID: 31388021 PMCID: PMC6684587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic ionizing radiation (CIR) from nuclear power plant accidents, acts of terrorism, and space exploration poses serious threats to humans. Fungi are a group of highly radiation-resistant eukaryotes, and an understanding of fungal CIR resistance mechanisms holds the prospect of protecting humans. We compared the abilities of 95 wild-type yeast and dimorphic fungal isolates, representing diverse Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, to resist exposure to five environmentally-relevant stressors: CIR (long-duration growth under 36 Gy/h) and acute (10 kGy/h) ionizing radiation (IR), heavy metals (chromium, mercury), elevated temperature (up to 50 °C), and low pH (2.3). To quantify associations between resistances to CIR and these other stressors, we used correlation analysis, logistic regression with multi-model inference, and customized machine learning. The results suggest that resistance to acute IR in fungi is not strongly correlated with the ability of a given fungal isolate to grow under CIR. Instead, the strongest predictors of CIR resistance in fungi were resistance to chromium (III) and to elevated temperature. These results suggest fundamental differences between the mechanisms of resistance to chronic and acute radiation. Convergent evolution towards radioresistance among genetically distinct groups of organisms is considered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rok Tkavc
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vera Y Matrosova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert P Volpe
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olga Grichenko
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Polina Klimenkova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabel H Conze
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Irina A Balygina
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena K Gaidamakova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Daly
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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DNA damage and tissue repair: What we can learn from planaria. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:145-159. [PMID: 29727725 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Faithful renewal of aging and damaged tissues is central to organismal lifespan. Stem cells (SCs) generate the cellular progeny that replenish adult tissues across the body but this task becomes increasingly compromised over time. The age related decline in SC-mediated tissue maintenance is a multifactorial event that commonly affects genome integrity. The presence of DNA damage in SCs that are under continuous demand to divide poses a great risk for age-related disorders such as cancer. However, performing analysis of SCs with genomic instability and the DNA damage response during tissue renewal present significant challenges. Here we introduce an alternative experimental system based on the planaria flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea to address at the organismal level studies intersecting SC-mediated tissue renewal in the presence of genomic instability. Planaria have abundant SCs (neoblasts) that maintain high rates of cellular turnover and a variety of molecular tools have been developed to induce DNA damage and dissect how neoblasts respond to this stressor. S. mediterranea displays high evolutionary conservation of DNA repair mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating adult SCs. We describe genetically induced-DNA damage models and highlight body-wide signals affecting cellular decisions such as survival, proliferation, and death in the presence of genomic instability. We also discuss transcriptomic changes in the DNA damage response during injury repair and propose DNA repair as key component of tissue regeneration. Additional studies using planaria will provide insights about mechanisms regulating survival and growth of cells with DNA damage during tissue renewal and regeneration.
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16
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Miyamoto T, Akutsu SN, Tauchi H, Kudo Y, Tashiro S, Yamamoto T, Matsuura S. Exploration of genetic basis underlying individual differences in radiosensitivity within human populations using genome editing technology. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:ii75-ii82. [PMID: 29528422 PMCID: PMC5941146 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation (IR) are the initial and critical step in major alteration of genetic information and cell death. To prevent deleterious effects, DNA repair systems recognize and re-join DNA DSBs in human cells. It has been suggested that there are individual differences in radiosensitivity within human populations, and that variations in DNA repair genes might contribute to this heterogeneity. Because confounding factors, including age, gender, smoking, and diverse genetic backgrounds within human populations, also influence the cellular radiosensitivity, to accurately measure the effect of candidate genetic variations on radiosensitivity, it is necessary to use human cultured cells with a uniform genetic background. However, a reverse genetics approach in human cultured cells is difficult because of their low level of homologous recombination. Engineered endonucleases used in genome editing technology, however, can enable the local activation of DNA repair pathways at the human genome target site to efficiently introduce genetic variations of interest into human cultured cells. Recently, we used this technology to demonstrate that heterozygous mutations of the ATM gene, which is responsible for a hyper-radiosensitive genetic disorder, ataxia-telangiectasia, increased the number of chromosomal aberrations after IR. Thus, understanding the heterozygous mutations of radiosensitive disorders should shed light on the genetic basis underlying individual differences in radiosensitivity within human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Silvia Natsuko Akutsu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tauchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kudo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuura
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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17
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Li SJ, Liang XY, Li HJ, Yang GZ, Li W, Li Z, Zhou L, Wen X, Yu DH, Cui JW. Low-dose irradiation inhibits proliferation of the p53null type human prostate cancer cells through the ATM/p21 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:548-554. [PMID: 29115439 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) induces hormesis, exerts an adoptive effect on normal mammalian cells and stimulates cell proliferation; however, this effect is absent in cancer cells. Little is known on the molecular mechanisms underlying this differential response between normal and cancer cells. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and the normal prostate cell line RWPE-1 exhibited differential biological responses to LDIR. Through cell cycle analyses, it was demonstrated that LDIR inhibited cell growth and arrested the cell cycle at the S and G2/M phases in PC-3 cells, but not in RWPE-1 cells. Using western blotting, it was demonstrated that LDIR at 75 mGy induced the expression of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein in PC-3 as well as RWPE-1 cells. However, the ATM̸p21 pathway was activated in PC-3, but not in RWPE-1 cells. Although the expression of p53 was not affected by 75 mGy LDIR in RWPE-1 cells, the ATM̸p21 pathway was activated when RWPE-1 cells lost p53 function. In addition, when using ATM inhibitors, the ATM̸p21 pathway was inactivated in both cell lines, and the LDIR-induced cell proliferation inhibition was also abolished. These findings suggested that the ATM/p21 pathway directly participated in the LDIR-induced cell proliferation inhibition in p53null type prostate tumor cells, whereas this mechanism was absent in normal prostate cells. Thus, p53 may affect cell stability following LDIR, and plays a crucial role in regulating the ATM/p21 pathway activated by LDIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Zi Yang
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - De-Hai Yu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jiu-Wei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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18
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Yim JH, Yun JM, Kim JY, Nam SY, Kim CS. Estimation of low-dose radiation-responsive proteins in the absence of genomic instability in normal human fibroblast cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1197-1206. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1350302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Yim
- Department of Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, KHNP Radiation Health Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Mi Yun
- Department of Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, KHNP Radiation Health Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, KHNP Radiation Health Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- Department of Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, KHNP Radiation Health Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cha Soon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology Radiation Epidemiology Team, KHNP Radiation Health Institute, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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19
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Royba E, Miyamoto T, Natsuko Akutsu S, Hosoba K, Tauchi H, Kudo Y, Tashiro S, Yamamoto T, Matsuura S. Evaluation of ATM heterozygous mutations underlying individual differences in radiosensitivity using genome editing in human cultured cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5996. [PMID: 28729543 PMCID: PMC5519549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are an initial step towards chromosomal aberrations and cell death. It has been suggested that there are individual differences in radiosensitivity within human populations, and that the variations in DNA repair genes might determine this heterogeneity. However, it is difficult to quantify the effect of genetic variants on the individual differences in radiosensitivity, since confounding factors such as smoking and the diverse genetic backgrounds within human populations affect radiosensitivity. To precisely quantify the effect of a genetic variation on radiosensitivity, we here used the CRISPR-ObLiGaRe (Obligate Ligation-Gated Recombination) method combined with the CRISPR/Cas9 system and a nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated knock-in technique in human cultured cells with a uniform genetic background. We generated ATM heterozygous knock-out (ATM +/-) cell clones as a carrier model of a radiation-hypersensitive autosomal-recessive disorder, ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). Cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay and chromosome aberration assay showed that the radiosensitivity of ATM +/- cell clones was significantly higher than that of ATM +/+ cells, suggesting that ATM gene variants are indeed involved in determining individual radiosensitivity. Importantly, the differences in radiosensitivity among the same genotype clones were small, unlike the individual differences in fibroblasts derived from A-T-affected family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Royba
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Silvia Natsuko Akutsu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hosoba
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tauchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Ibaraki University, Mito, 310-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kudo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuura
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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20
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Nakajima T, Wang B, Ono T, Uehara Y, Nakamura S, Ichinohe K, Braga-Tanaka I, Tanaka S, Tanaka K, Nenoi M. Differences in sustained alterations in protein expression between livers of mice exposed to high-dose-rate and low-dose-rate radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:421-429. [PMID: 28201773 PMCID: PMC5570048 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of radiation dose-rate effects are not well understood. Among many possibilities, long-lasting sustained alterations in protein levels would provide critical information. To evaluate sustained effects after acute and chronic radiation exposure, we analyzed alterations in protein expression in the livers of mice. Acute exposure consisted of a lethal dose of 8 Gy and a sublethal dose of 4 Gy, with analysis conducted 6 days and 3 months after irradiation, respectively. Chronic irradiation consisted of a total dose of 8 Gy delivered over 400 days (20 mGy/day). Analyses following chronic irradiation were done immediately and at 3 months after the end of the exposure. Based on antibody arrays of protein expression following both acute lethal and sublethal dose exposures, common alterations in the expression of two proteins were detected. In the sublethal dose exposure, the expression of additional proteins was altered 3 months after irradiation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the increase in one of the two commonly altered proteins, MyD88, was observed around blood vessels in the liver. The alterations in protein expression after chronic radiation exposure were different from those caused by acute radiation exposures. Alterations in the expression of proteins related to inflammation and apoptosis, such as caspase 12, were observed even at 3 months after the end of the chronic radiation exposure. The alterations in protein expression depended on the dose, the dose rate, and the passage of time after irradiation. These changes could be involved in long-term effects of radiation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nakajima
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 9-1, Anagawa-4-chome, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan
- Corresponding author. National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiolgical Science and Technology, 9-1, Anagawa-4-chome, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan. Tel: +81-43-206-3086; Fax: +81-43-255-6497;
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 9-1, Anagawa-4-chome, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ono
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7, Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Uehara
- Department of Cell Biology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7, Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ichinohe
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7, Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Ignacia Braga-Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7, Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7, Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Kimio Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7, Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 9-1, Anagawa-4-chome, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan
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21
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Reversine triggers mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in K562 cells. Leuk Res 2016; 48:26-31. [PMID: 27447890 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm of the hematopoietic stem cell characterized by presence of the oncoprotein BCR-ABL1, which have constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. BCR-ABL1 activation induces aurora kinase A (AURKA) and aurora kinase B (AURKB) expression, which are serine-threonine kinases that play an important function in chromosome alignment, segregation and cytokinesis during mitosis. Acquisition of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors has emerged as a problem for CML patients and the identification of novel targets with an important contribution for CML phenotype is of interest. In the present study, we explored the cellular effects of reversine, an AURKA and AURKB inhibitor, in the BCR-ABL1+ K562 cells. Our results indicate that reversine reduces AURKA and AURKB expression, leads to reduction of cell viability and increased apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as well as, induces mitotic catastrophe in K562 cells. Our preclinical study establishes that reversine presents an effective antileukemia activity against K562 cells and provide new insights on anticancer opportunities for CML.
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22
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Pani G, Verslegers M, Quintens R, Samari N, de Saint-Georges L, van Oostveldt P, Baatout S, Benotmane MA. Combined Exposure to Simulated Microgravity and Acute or Chronic Radiation Reduces Neuronal Network Integrity and Survival. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155260. [PMID: 27203085 PMCID: PMC4874625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During orbital or interplanetary space flights, astronauts are exposed to cosmic radiations and microgravity. However, most earth-based studies on the potential health risks of space conditions have investigated the effects of these two conditions separately. This study aimed at assessing the combined effect of radiation exposure and microgravity on neuronal morphology and survival in vitro. In particular, we investigated the effects of simulated microgravity after acute (X-rays) or during chronic (Californium-252) exposure to ionizing radiation using mouse mature neuron cultures. Acute exposure to low (0.1 Gy) doses of X-rays caused a delay in neurite outgrowth and a reduction in soma size, while only the high dose impaired neuronal survival. Of interest, the strongest effect on neuronal morphology and survival was evident in cells exposed to microgravity and in particular in cells exposed to both microgravity and radiation. Removal of neurons from simulated microgravity for a period of 24 h was not sufficient to recover neurite length, whereas the soma size showed a clear re-adaptation to normal ground conditions. Genome-wide gene expression analysis confirmed a modulation of genes involved in neurite extension, cell survival and synaptic communication, suggesting that these changes might be responsible for the observed morphological effects. In general, the observed synergistic changes in neuronal network integrity and cell survival induced by simulated space conditions might help to better evaluate the astronaut's health risks and underline the importance of investigating the central nervous system and long-term cognition during and after a space flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pani
- Radiobiology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group (CSI), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Applied Nutrition, Department of Pharmacology and Bio-molecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Radiobiology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Nada Samari
- Radiobiology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Louis de Saint-Georges
- Radiobiology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Patrick van Oostveldt
- Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group (CSI), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group (CSI), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohammed Abderrafi Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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23
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Katsura M, Cyou-Nakamine H, Zen Q, Zen Y, Nansai H, Amagasa S, Kanki Y, Inoue T, Kaneki K, Taguchi A, Kobayashi M, Kaji T, Kodama T, Miyagawa K, Wada Y, Akimitsu N, Sone H. Effects of Chronic Low-Dose Radiation on Human Neural Progenitor Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20027. [PMID: 26795421 PMCID: PMC4726121 DOI: 10.1038/srep20027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of chronic low-dose radiation on human health have not been well established. Recent studies have revealed that neural progenitor cells are present not only in the fetal brain but also in the adult brain. Since immature cells are generally more radiosensitive, here we investigated the effects of chronic low-dose radiation on cultured human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) derived from embryonic stem cells. Radiation at low doses of 31, 124 and 496 mGy per 72 h was administered to hNPCs. The effects were estimated by gene expression profiling with microarray analysis as well as morphological analysis. Gene expression was dose-dependently changed by radiation. By thirty-one mGy of radiation, inflammatory pathways involving interferon signaling and cell junctions were altered. DNA repair and cell adhesion molecules were affected by 124 mGy of radiation while DNA synthesis, apoptosis, metabolism, and neural differentiation were all affected by 496 mGy of radiation. These in vitro results suggest that 496 mGy radiation affects the development of neuronal progenitor cells while altered gene expression was observed at a radiation dose lower than 100 mGy. This study would contribute to the elucidation of the clinical and subclinical phenotypes of impaired neuronal development induced by chronic low-dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Katsura
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Cyou-Nakamine
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Qin Zen
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yang Zen
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nansai
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shota Amagasa
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kaneki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akashi Taguchi
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Kobayashi
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideko Sone
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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24
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Borodkina AV, Shatrova AN, Deryabin PI, Grukova AA, Nikolsky NN, Burova EB. Tetraploidization or autophagy: The ultimate fate of senescent human endometrial stem cells under ATM or p53 inhibition. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:117-27. [PMID: 26636375 PMCID: PMC4825783 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1121326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated that endometrium-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMESCs) via activation of the ATM/p53/p21/Rb pathway enter the premature senescence in response to oxidative stress. Down regulation effects of the key components of this signaling pathway, particularly ATM and p53, on a fate of stressed hMESCs have not yet been investigated. In the present study by using the specific inhibitors Ku55933 and Pifithrin-α, we confirmed implication of both ATM and p53 in H(2)O(2)-induced senescence of hMESCs. ATM or p53 down regulation was shown to modulate differently the cellular fate of H(2)O(2)-treated hMESCs. ATM inhibition allowed H(2)O(2)-stimulated hMESCs to escape the permanent cell cycle arrest due to loss of the functional ATM/p53/p21/Rb pathway, and induced bypass of mitosis and re-entry into S phase, resulting in tetraploid cells. On the contrary, suppression of the p53 transcriptional activity caused a pronounced cell death of H(2)O(2)-treated hMESCs via autophagy induction. The obtained data clearly demonstrate that down regulation of ATM or p53 shifts senescence of human endometrial stem cells toward tetraploidization or autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V. Borodkina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alla N. Shatrova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel I. Deryabin
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A. Grukova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay N. Nikolsky
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Medical Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena B. Burova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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25
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Hassan M, El Khattouti A, Ejaeidi A, Ma T, Day WA, Espinoza I, Vijayakumar S, Gomez CR. Elevated Expression of Hepatoma Up-Regulated Protein Inhibits γ-Irradiation-Induced Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1308-18. [PMID: 26505164 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite progression in diagnosis and treatment, prostate cancer (PCa) still represents the main cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity in men. Although radiation therapy offers clinical benefit over other therapeutic modalities, the success of this therapeutic modality is commonly hampered by the resistance of advanced tumors. So far, the mechanisms governing tumor resistance to radiotherapy are not discussed in detail. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the resistance of PCa to radiation therapy is attributed to elevated expression of Hepatoma Up-Regulated Protein (HURP). In PCa cells, the induction of HURP expression suppresses γ-irradiation-induced apoptosis. γ-irradiation-induced apoptosis of PCa cells is associated with expression of E2F1, p53, p21 proteins together with the phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase1 (ASK1), c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and histone family member X (H2AX). Whereas, the induction of HURP expression is able to suppress γ-irradiation-induced effects on E2F1, p53, p21, ATM, ASK1, JNK and ATM, and H2AX. Also, inhibition of γ-irradiation-induced- cytochrome c release, cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were noted in PCa cells induced for HURP expression. The observed radio-resistance of PCa is thought to be the consequence of HURP-mediated destabilization of p53 and ATM proteins that are essential for the modulation of γ-irradiation-induced apoptosis. Thus, based on our findings, PCa resistance to radiation therapy results from the deregulation of ASK1/ JNK; ATM/ H2AX; ATM/p53 and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2)/ E2F-1 in response to the elevated expression of HURP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassan
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
| | - Abdelouahid El Khattouti
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
| | - Ahmed Ejaeidi
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
| | - Tangeng Ma
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
| | - William A Day
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
- Department of Biology, Belhaven University, 1500 Peachtree Street Jackson, Mississippi, 39202
| | - Ingrid Espinoza
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
| | - Srinivasan Vijayakumar
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
| | - Christian R Gomez
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St. Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
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26
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Zhang K, Luo L, Chen X, Hu M, Hu Q, Gong L, Weng Q. Molecular Effects of Irradiation (Cobalt-60) on the Control of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26964-77. [PMID: 26569230 PMCID: PMC4661862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective dose of irradiation to control pest mites in quarantine has been studied extensively, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the irradiation on mites are largely unknown. In this study, exposure to 400 Gy of γ rays had significant (p < 0.05) effects on the adult survival, fecundity and egg viability of Panonychus citri. The irradiation caused the degradation of the DNA of P. citri adults and damaged the plasma membrane system of the egg, which led to condensed nucleoli and gathered yolk. Additionally, the transcriptomes and gene expression profiles between irradiated and non-irradiated mites were compared, and three digital gene expression libraries were assembled and analyzed. The differentially expressed genes were putatively involved in apoptosis, cell death and the cell cycle. Finally, the expression profiles of some related genes were studied using quantitative real-time PCR. Our study provides valuable information on the changes in the transcriptome of irradiated P. citri, which will facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that cause the sterility induced by irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lingyan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xieting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Meiying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qiongbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Liang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Qunfang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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27
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Rastgou Talemi S, Kollarovic G, Lapytsko A, Schaber J. Development of a robust DNA damage model including persistent telomere-associated damage with application to secondary cancer risk assessment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13540. [PMID: 26359627 PMCID: PMC4566481 DOI: 10.1038/srep13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical modelling has been instrumental to understand kinetics of radiation-induced DNA damage repair and associated secondary cancer risk. The widely accepted two-lesion kinetic (TLK) model assumes two kinds of double strand breaks, simple and complex ones, with different repair rates. Recently, persistent DNA damage associated with telomeres was reported as a new kind of DNA damage. We therefore extended existing versions of the TLK model by new categories of DNA damage and re-evaluated those models using extensive data. We subjected different versions of the TLK model to a rigorous model discrimination approach. This enabled us to robustly select a best approximating parsimonious model that can both recapitulate and predict transient and persistent DNA damage after ionizing radiation. Models and data argue for i) nonlinear dose-damage relationships, and ii) negligible saturation of repair kinetics even for high doses. Additionally, we show that simulated radiation-induced persistent telomere-associated DNA damage foci (TAF) can be used to predict excess relative risk (ERR) of developing secondary leukemia after fractionated radiotherapy. We suggest that TAF may serve as an additional measure to predict cancer risk after radiotherapy using high dose rates. This may improve predicting risk-dose dependency of ionizing radiation especially for long-term therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Rastgou Talemi
- Institute for Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Kollarovic
- Institute for Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anastasiya Lapytsko
- Institute for Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schaber
- Institute for Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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28
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Feng T, Li L, Ling S, Fan N, Fang M, Zhang H, Fang X, Lan W, Hou Z, Meng Q, Jin D, Xu F, Li Y. Metformin enhances radiation response of ECa109 cells through activation of ATM and AMPK. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 69:260-6. [PMID: 25661368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line used agent for type II diabetes with few side effects. The antineoplastic effect of metformin was widely explored recently. Metformin may also be a prospective chemosensitizer or radiosensitizer in cancer treatment. In the present study, we firstly showed that metformin could effectively enhance the anti-proliferation effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on esophageal cancer (EC) cells ECa109. More potent DNA damage was observed by detection of γH2AX foci. Metformin synergistically induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in ECa109 cells with IR. Furthermore, the mechanisms how metformin sensitized ECa109 cells to IR may be targeting the ATM and AMPK/mTOR/HIF-1α pathways. Metformin may be a valuable agent in comprehensive treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- Department of Intergrative Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Sunbin Ling
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| | - Ning Fan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Meiyu Fang
- Department of Intergrative Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Haiquan Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, China.
| | - Xin Fang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Wen Lan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Zhaoyuan Hou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - QingChun Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anshan City Cancer Hosiptal, Anshan Liaoning 114000, China.
| | - Di Jin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
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