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Sun H, Zhang Y, Ren T, Gao Q, Shi X, Li X, Zhang P, Li Z, Liu H. Comparative Analysis of Physiological Responses and Intestinal Microbiota in Juvenile Soft-Shelled Turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis) Fed Four Types of Dietary Carbohydrates. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1781. [PMID: 38929400 PMCID: PMC11200370 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A 60 day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the impacts of dietary carbohydrates with different complexities and configurations on the growth, plasma parameters, apparent digestibility, intestinal microbiota, glucose, and lipid metabolism of soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis). Four experimental diets were formulated by adding 170 g/kg glucose, fructose, α-starch, or cellulose, respectively. A total of 280 turtles (initial body weight 5.11 ± 0.21 g) were distributed into 28 tanks and were fed twice daily. The results showed that the best growth performance and apparent digestibility was observed in the α-starch group, followed by the glucose, fructose, and cellulose groups (p < 0.05). Monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) significantly enhanced the postprandial plasma glucose levels and hepatosomatic index compared to polysaccharides, due to the un-inhibited gluconeogenesis (p < 0.05). Starch significantly up-regulated the expression of the genes involved in glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, lipid anabolism and catabolism, and the transcriptional regulation factors of glycolipid metabolism (srebp and chrebp) (p < 0.05), resulting in higher plasma triglyceride levels and lipid contents in the liver and the whole body. The fructose group exhibited a lower lipid deposition compared with the glucose group, mainly by inhibiting the expression of srebp and chrebp. Cellulose enhanced the proportion of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, P. sinensis utilized α-starch better than glucose, fructose, and cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.R.); (Q.G.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.R.); (Q.G.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Tiancong Ren
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.R.); (Q.G.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (P.Z.)
- College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.R.); (Q.G.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (P.Z.)
- College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Xueying Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.R.); (Q.G.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Xiangce Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.R.); (Q.G.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.R.); (Q.G.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (P.Z.)
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.R.); (Q.G.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (P.Z.)
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (T.R.); (Q.G.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (P.Z.)
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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Yu H, Geng S, Li S, Wang Y, Ren X, Zhong D, Mo H, Yao M, Yu J, Li Y, Wang L. The AMPK and AKT/GSK3β pathways are involved in recombinant proteins fibroblast growth factor 1 (rFGF1 and rFGF1a) improving glycolipid metabolism in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a high carbohydrate diet. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:11-24. [PMID: 38444689 PMCID: PMC10912841 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) regulates vertebrate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, and energy metabolism. In this study, we cloned rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fgf1 and fgf1a, prepared their recombinant proteins (rFGF1 and rFGF1a), and described the molecular mechanisms by which they improve glycolipid metabolism in carnivorous fish. A 31-d feeding trial was conducted to investigate whether they could enhance glycolipid metabolism in rainbow trout on high-carbohydrate diets (HCD). A total of 720 rainbow trout (8.9 ± 0.5 g) were equally divided into 4 groups: the chow diet (CD) group injected with PBS, the HCD group injected with PBS, the HCD group injected with rFGF1 (400 ng/g body weight), and the HCD group injected with rFGF1a (400 ng/g body weight). The results showed that short-term HCD had a significant positive effect on the specific growth rate (SGR) of rainbow trout (P < 0.05). However, it led to an increase in crude fat, serum triglyceride (TG) and glucose content, as well as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) contents (P < 0.05), suggesting a negative health effect of HCD. Nevertheless, rFGF1 and rFGF1a showed beneficial therapeutic effects. They significantly reduced the crude fat content of the liver, serum TG, GOT, and GPT contents caused by HCD (P < 0.05). The upregulation in atgl, hsl, and acc2 mRNAs implied the promotion of TG catabolism. Moreover, rFGF1 and rFGF1a contributed to promoting lipolysis by activating the AMPK pathway and reducing lipid accumulation in the liver caused by HCD. In addition, the rFGF1 and rFGF1a-treated groups significantly reduced serum glucose levels and elevated hepatic glycogen content under HCD, and increased glucose uptake by hepatocytes. We observed a decrease in mRNA levels for pepck, g6pase, and pygl, along with an increase in mRNA levels for gys, glut2, and gk in the liver. Furthermore, these proteins regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis by increasing the phosphorylation level of AKT, ultimately leading to an increase in GSK3β phosphorylation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that rFGF1 and rFGF1a can enhance lipolysis and glucose utilization in rainbow trout by activating the AMPK pathway and AKT/GSK3β axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shuo Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Meixian Aquaculture Farm of Shitouhe Reservoir Administration, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China
| | - Debin Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haolin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingxing Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Bagheri S, Gholamhosseini A, Banaee M. Investigation of Different Nutritional Effects of Dietary Chromium in Fish: A Literature Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2546-2554. [PMID: 35918589 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The supply of food for the world population that is increasing is one of the concerns of governments. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations assessment shows that the aquaculture industry could help meet food needs for human communities. The aquaculture industry also relies on providing a feed of high quality. Minerals are one essential component of an aquatic diet. Chromium (Cr) is a trace element that finds the form of Cr+3 (trivalent) and Cr+6 (hexavalent) in nature and food items. Studies show that exposure to Cr waterborne have toxicity effects on fish. However, oral exposure to Cr has a different impact on fish. Cr is usually involved in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, growth function, enzyme functions, etc. This element could play a significant role in fish nutrition and physiology. Cr as a dietary supplement can improve growth performance and adjust the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. However, high concentrations of Cr can be toxic to fish. Although the physiological effects of Cr on aquatic organisms are well known, there are still ambiguities in determining the appropriate concentration in the diet of some species. Maybe, the physiological response of fish depends on the concentration, origin, and chemical composition of Cr, as well as the biological and individual characteristics of the fish. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the appropriate concentration of Cr in fish diets. This article aims to summarize the available information about the effect of Cr on various physiological indicators and fish growth. Therefore, this information may help to find the appropriate concentration of Cr in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bagheri
- Division of Aquatic Animal Health & Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amin Gholamhosseini
- Division of Aquatic Animal Health & Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
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Effect of Quercetin Nanoparticles on Hepatic and Intestinal Enzymes and Stress-Related Genes in Nile Tilapia Fish Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030663. [PMID: 36979642 PMCID: PMC10045288 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, nanotechnology has become an important research field involved in the improvement of animals’ productivity, including aquaculture. In this field, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained interest as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agents. On the other hand, their extensive use in other fields increased natural water pollution causing hazardous effects on aquatic organisms. Quercetin is a natural polyphenolic compound of many plants and vegetables, and it acts as a potent antioxidant and therapeutic agent in biological systems. The current study investigated the potential mitigative effect of quercetin nanoparticles (QNPs) against AgNPs-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia via investigating liver function markers, hepatic antioxidant status, apoptosis, and bioaccumulation of silver residues in hepatic tissue in addition to the whole-body chemical composition, hormonal assay, intestinal enzymes activity, and gut microbiota. Fish were grouped into: control fish, fish exposed to 1.98 mg L−1 AgNPs, fish that received 400 mg L−1 QNPs, and fish that received QNPs and AgNPs at the same concentrations. All groups were exposed for 60 days. The moisture and ash contents of the AgNP group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. In contrast, the crude lipid and protein decreased in the whole body. AgNPs significantly increased serum levels of ALT, AST, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and decreased glycogen and growth hormone (*** p < 0.001). The liver and intestinal enzymes’ activities were significantly inhibited (*** p < 0.001), while the oxidative damage liver enzymes, intestinal bacterial and Aeromonas counts, and Ag residues in the liver were significantly increased (*** p < 0.001, and * p < 0.05). AgNPs also significantly upregulated the expression of hepatic Hsp70, caspase3, and p53 genes (* p < 0.05). These findings indicate the oxidative and hepatotoxic effects of AgNPs. QNPs enhanced and restored physiological parameters and health status under normal conditions and after exposure to AgNPs.
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Luo Y, Zhou W, Li R, Limbu SM, Qiao F, Chen L, Zhang M, Du ZY. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase improves carbohydrate utilization in Nile tilapia by regulating PDK2/4-PDHE1α axis and insulin sensitivity. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 11:25-37. [PMID: 36016966 PMCID: PMC9382415 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs)-pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit (PDHE1α) axis plays an important role in regulating glucose metabolism in mammals. However, the regulatory function of PDKs-PDHE1α axis in the glucose metabolism of fish is not well known. This study determined whether PDKs inhibition could enhance PDHE1α activity, and improve glucose catabolism in fish. Nile tilapia fingerlings (1.90 ± 0.11 g) were randomly divided into 4 treatments in triplicate (30 fish each) and fed control diet without dichloroacetate (DCA) (38% protein, 7% lipid and 45% corn starch) and the control diet supplemented with DCA, which inhibits PDKs through binding the allosteric sites, at 3.75 (DCA3.75), 7.50 (DCA7.50) and 11.25 g/kg (DCA11.25), for 6 wk. The results showed that DCA3.75, DCA7.50 and DCA11.25 significantly increased weight gain, carcass ratio and protein efficiency ratio (P < 0.05) and reduced feed efficiency (P < 0.05) of Nile tilapia. To investigate the effects of DCA on growth performance of Nile tilapia, we selected the lowest dose DCA3.75 for subsequent analysis. Nile tilapia fed on DCA3.75 significantly reduced the mesenteric fat index, serum and liver triglyceride concentration and total lipid content in whole fish, and down-regulated the expressions of genes related to lipogenesis (P < 0.05) compared to the control. The DCA3.75 treatment significantly improved glucose oxidative catabolism and glycogen synthesis in the liver, but significantly reduced the conversion of glucose to lipid (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the DCA3.75 treatment significantly decreased the PDK2/4 gene and protein expressions (P < 0.05), accordingly stimulated PDHE1α activity by decreasing the phosphorylated PDHE1α protein level. In addition, DCA3.75 treatment significantly increased the phosphorylated levels of key proteins involved in insulin signaling pathway and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (P < 0.05). Taken together, the present study demonstrates that PDK2/4 inhibition by using DCA promotes glucose utilization in Nile tilapia by activating PDHE1α and improving insulin sensitivity. Our study helps to understand the regulatory mechanism of glucose metabolism for improving dietary carbohydrate utilization in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Samwel M. Limbu
- University of Dar Es Salaam, Department of Aquaculture Technology, Dar Es Salaam 60091, Tanzania
- UDSM-ECNU Joint Research Center for Aquaculture and Fish Biology (JRCAFB), Dar Es Salaam 60091, Tanzania
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liqiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- ECNU-UDSM Joint Research Center for Aquaculture and Fish Biology (JRCAFB), Shanghai 200241, China
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Lei C, Xie Y, Song H, Jiang P, Du J, Li S. Different responses to glucose overload between two strains of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Front Physiol 2022; 13:1010633. [PMID: 36246125 PMCID: PMC9554351 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1010633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the glucose utilization capacity of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), responses to glucose overload between two strains (Y: breeding strain; W: wild strain) were compared at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after glucose injection (1.67 g/kg). The data revealed that plasma glucose in the Y strain (<12 h) recovered faster than in the W strain (12 h), with the Y strain secreted more insulin within 6 h post-injection. Triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-CH) content in the Y strain increased, peaking at 12 h, then decreased, whereas the W strain’s TG content was not affected and VLDL-CH content decreased. The hepatic and muscular fatty acid synthetase, liver x receptor-1, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein expressions were consistent with the TG content change. Both strains’ liver and muscle glycogen contents exhibited similar trends to that of the glycogen synthase gene—increasing, then declining, and peaking at 6 and 12 h. The expression levels of hepatic and muscular phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in the Y strain increased, peaking at 12 h. In the W strain, they were suppressed and reached the minimum at 24 h. The mRNA levels of hepatic and muscular phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase were enhanced and peaked at 24 h in both strains, hepatic isocitrate dehydrogenase-1, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex expression increased after declining, peaking at 12 and 24 h. Two genes in the W strain’s muscles showed a similar trend. Both strains’ transcriptome results identified seven common functional genes for resistance to hyperglycemia that were involved in the circadian rhythm pathway, which is a suggested key pathway for coping with hyperglycemia. Furthermore, 48 differential genes were identified between the two strains, and these genes were enriched in the TGF-beta and cell cycle signaling pathways, indicating that these pathways may be key factors affecting the differential responses to glucose overload. We conducted a comprehensive comparison of glucose overload molecular responses between two strains of M. salmoides, and the results can provide a promising strategy to improve the glucose utilization capacity of M. salmoides based on advantageous pre-existing traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Lei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxing Du
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Shengjie Li,
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Ding X, Nie X, Yuan C, Jiang L, Ye W, Qian L. Effects of Dietary Multienzyme Complex Supplementation on Growth Performance, Digestive Capacity, Histomorphology, Blood Metabolites and Hepatic Glycometabolism in Snakehead (Channa argus). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030380. [PMID: 35158703 PMCID: PMC8833691 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The multienzyme complex is composed of one or several single enzymes as the main component, mixed with other single enzyme preparations, or obtained by the fermentation of one or more microorganisms, and an the exogenous enzyme mixture with multiple functions of a single enzyme. Supplementation with exogenous enzyme preparations offsets the negative effects of removing antibiotics from animal diets. The multienzyme complex supplemented in aquatic feed can enhance the secretion and activity of endogenous digestive enzymes in aquatic animals. Meanwhile, exogenous digestive enzymes can also help aquatic animals to decompose some anti-nutrients, improve the utilization and digestibility of feed, and promote animal growth. Abstract The present study evaluated the impact of dietary multienzyme complex (MEC) supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, histomorphology, serum metabolism and hepatopancreas glycometabolism in snakeheads (Channa argus). A total of 600 fish (initial weight, 69.70 ± 0.30 g) were randomly divided into four groups. Four diets were formulated: (1) control (basic diet); (2) E1 (400 U kg−1 amylase, 150 U kg−1 acid protease, 1900 U kg−1 neutral protease and basic diet); (3) E2 (800 U kg−1 amylase, 300 U kg−1 acid protease, 3800 U kg−1 neutral protease and basic diet); and (4) E3 (1200 U kg−1 amylase, 450 U kg−1 acid protease, 5700 U kg−1 neutral protease and basic diet). The results show that the E2 group increased the specific growth rate, weight gain rate and the final body weight, as well as decreasing the blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride. The mRNA levels and activities of digestive enzymes and key glucose metabolism enzymes in the hepatopancreas were enhanced in snakeheads fed the MEC. Meanwhile, moderate MEC diet (E2 groups) supplementation improved digestive tract morphology, increased the glycogen in the hepatopancreas and the lipids in the dorsal muscle. Moreover, plasma metabolomics revealed differential metabolites mainly involved in amino acid metabolism. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with the MEC improved growth performance, digestive tract morphology, gene expression and the activity of digestive enzymes, enhanced the glycolysis-gluconeogenesis and amino acid metabolism of snakeheads, and the optimal composition of the MEC was group E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.D.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xinzheng Nie
- Shandong Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan 250022, China;
| | - Chunchun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.D.); (C.Y.)
| | - Lai Jiang
- Hainan Academy of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; (L.J.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenxin Ye
- Hainan Academy of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; (L.J.); (W.Y.)
| | - Lichun Qian
- Hainan Academy of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; (L.J.); (W.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88982171
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Soengas JL. Integration of Nutrient Sensing in Fish Hypothalamus. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:653928. [PMID: 33716662 PMCID: PMC7953060 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.653928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge regarding hypothalamic integration of metabolic and endocrine signaling resulting in regulation of food intake is scarce in fish. Available studies pointed to a network in which the activation of the nutrient-sensing (glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid) systems would result in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition and activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Changes in these signaling pathways would control phosphorylation of transcription factors cAMP response-element binding protein (CREB), forkhead box01 (FoxO1), and brain homeobox transcription factor (BSX) leading to food intake inhibition through changes in the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), pro-opio melanocortin (POMC), and cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript (CART). The present mini-review summarizes information on the topic and identifies gaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Rasal KD, Iquebal MA, Dixit S, Vasam M, Raza M, Sahoo L, Jaiswal S, Nandi S, Mahapatra KD, Rasal A, Udit UK, Meher PK, Murmu K, Angadi UB, Rai A, Kumar D, Sundaray JK. Revealing Alteration in the Hepatic Glucose Metabolism of Genetically Improved Carp, Jayanti Rohu Labeo rohita Fed a High Carbohydrate Diet Using Transcriptome Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8180. [PMID: 33142948 PMCID: PMC7662834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although feed cost is the greatest concern in aquaculture, the inclusion of carbohydrates in the fish diet, and their assimilation, are still not well understood in aquaculture species. We identified molecular events that occur due to the inclusion of high carbohydrate levels in the diets of genetically improved 'Jayanti rohu' Labeo rohita. To reveal transcriptional changes in the liver of rohu, a feeding experiment was conducted with three doses of gelatinized starch (20% (control), 40%, and 60%). Transcriptome sequencing revealed totals of 15,232 (4464 up- and 4343 down-regulated) and 15,360 (4478 up- and 4171 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes. Up-regulated transcripts associated with glucose metabolisms, such as hexokinase, PHK, glycogen synthase and PGK, were found in fish fed diets with high starch levels. Interestingly, a de novo lipogenesis mechanism was found to be enriched in the livers of treated fish due to up-regulated transcripts such as FAS, ACCα, and PPARγ. The insulin signaling pathways with enriched PPAR and mTOR were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) as a result of high carbohydrates. This work revealed for the first time the atypical regulation transcripts associated with glucose metabolism and lipogenesis in the livers of Jayanti rohu due to the inclusion of high carbohydrate levels in the diet. This study also encourages the exploration of early nutritional programming for enhancing glucose efficiency in carp species, for sustainable and cost-effective aquaculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran D. Rasal
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India; (K.D.R.); (S.D.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (S.N.); (K.D.M.); (A.R.); (U.K.U.); (P.K.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (M.A.I.); (M.R.); (S.J.); (U.A.); (A.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Sangita Dixit
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India; (K.D.R.); (S.D.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (S.N.); (K.D.M.); (A.R.); (U.K.U.); (P.K.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Manohar Vasam
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India; (K.D.R.); (S.D.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (S.N.); (K.D.M.); (A.R.); (U.K.U.); (P.K.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Mustafa Raza
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (M.A.I.); (M.R.); (S.J.); (U.A.); (A.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Lakshman Sahoo
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India; (K.D.R.); (S.D.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (S.N.); (K.D.M.); (A.R.); (U.K.U.); (P.K.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (M.A.I.); (M.R.); (S.J.); (U.A.); (A.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Samiran Nandi
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India; (K.D.R.); (S.D.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (S.N.); (K.D.M.); (A.R.); (U.K.U.); (P.K.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Kanta Das Mahapatra
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India; (K.D.R.); (S.D.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (S.N.); (K.D.M.); (A.R.); (U.K.U.); (P.K.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Avinash Rasal
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India; (K.D.R.); (S.D.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (S.N.); (K.D.M.); (A.R.); (U.K.U.); (P.K.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Uday Kumar Udit
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India; (K.D.R.); (S.D.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (S.N.); (K.D.M.); (A.R.); (U.K.U.); (P.K.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Prem Kumar Meher
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India; (K.D.R.); (S.D.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (S.N.); (K.D.M.); (A.R.); (U.K.U.); (P.K.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Khuntia Murmu
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India; (K.D.R.); (S.D.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (S.N.); (K.D.M.); (A.R.); (U.K.U.); (P.K.M.); (K.M.)
| | - UB Angadi
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (M.A.I.); (M.R.); (S.J.); (U.A.); (A.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (M.A.I.); (M.R.); (S.J.); (U.A.); (A.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India; (M.A.I.); (M.R.); (S.J.); (U.A.); (A.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sundaray
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India; (K.D.R.); (S.D.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (S.N.); (K.D.M.); (A.R.); (U.K.U.); (P.K.M.); (K.M.)
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10
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Perera E, Sánchez-Ruiz D, Sáez MI, Galafat A, Barany A, Fernández-Castro M, Vizcaíno AJ, Fuentes J, Martínez TF, Mancera JM, Alarcón FJ, Martos-Sitcha JA. Low dietary inclusion of nutraceuticals from microalgae improves feed efficiency and modifies intermediary metabolisms in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Sci Rep 2020; 10:18676. [PMID: 33122726 PMCID: PMC7596551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate two functional feeds for the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, containing low inclusion of two microalgae-based products (LB-GREENboost, LBGb; and LB-GUThealth, LBGh). Fish (12–13 g) were fed for 13 weeks a control diet or one of the four diets supplemented with both products at 0.5% or 1%. LBGb and LBGh did not affect specific growth rate or survival, but increased feed efficiency by decreasing feed intake and enlarging the intestines. LBGb increased hepatosomatic index and reduced cortisol levels in plasma, while both products lowered plasma lactate. Extensive metabolite and metabolic enzyme profiling revealed that microalgae supplementations, especially 1% LBGh: (i) decrease plasma lactate and increase hepatic glycogen, (ii) reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis, (iii) enhance hepatic lipogenic activity and lipid secretion, (iv) led fish to double triglyceride content in muscle and to stimulate its lipid oxidative capacity, and (v) increase the content of monounsaturated fatty acids and the omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid in muscle. This study demonstrates that both microalgae-based products are suited to improve feed efficiency and orchestrate significant changes in the intermediary metabolism in gilthead seabream juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Perera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Futuna Blue España S.L., Dársena Comercial Pesquera s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Isabel Sáez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Alba Galafat
- Department of Biology and Geology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - André Barany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Fernández-Castro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Vizcaíno
- Department of Biology and Geology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tomás Francisco Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcón
- Department of Biology and Geology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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11
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Liang H, Maulu S, Ji K, Ge X, Ren M, Mi H. Functional Characterization of Facilitative Glucose Transporter 4 With a Delay Responding to Plasma Glucose Level in Blunt Snout Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala). Front Physiol 2020; 11:582785. [PMID: 33178047 PMCID: PMC7593788 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.582785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Facilitative glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) plays a central role in mediating insulin function to increase glucose uptake in glucose metabolism homeostasis. In this study, the function and localization of GLUT4 in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) were first investigated, and then, the response measured as carbohydrate level, was analyzed. The results showed that the cDNA sequence of GLUT4 in blunt snout bream (MaGLUT4, GenBank accession no: MT447093) was 2868 bp in length, and the corresponding mRNA contained a 5'-UTR region of 513 bp and a 3'-UTR region of 837 bp. MaGLUT4 had an open reading frame of 1518 bp and was encoded by 505 amino acids. Its theoretical isoelectric point and molecular weight was 6.41 and 55.47 kDa, respectively. A comparison of these characteristics with BLASTP results from the NCBI database showed that MaGLUT4 had the highest homology with Cypriniformes fish, with MaGLUT4 and GLUT4 of other Cypriniformes clustered in the phylogenetic tree with other GLUT1-4 amino acid sequences. Compared with the results from the homo_sapiens and mus_musculus data sets, some mutations were observed in the GLUT4 amino acid sequence of these aquatic animals, including an FQQI mutation to FQQL, LL mutation to MM, and TELEY mutation to TELDY. MaGLUT4 was constitutively expressed in the muscle, intestine, and liver, with the highest mRNA level observed in muscle. Furthermore, the predicted tertiary structure and results of immunohistochemical staining showed that MaGLUT4 was a transmembrane protein primarily located in the plasma membrane, where it accounts for 60.9% of the total expressed, according to an analysis of subcellular localization. Blood glucose level peaked within 1 h, and the insulin level peaked at 6 h, while the mRNA and protein levels of GLUT4 showed an upward trend with an increase in feeding time and decreased sharply after 12 h. These results confirmed that MaGLUT4 was mainly distributed in muscles and crosses the cell membrane. The changes in the insulin, mRNA, and protein levels of MaGUT4 lagged far behind changes in blood glucose levels. This delay in insulin level changes and GLUT4 activation might be the important reasons for glucose intolerance of this fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Sahya Maulu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ke Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China.,Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
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12
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Li LY, Li JM, Ning LJ, Lu DL, Luo Y, Ma Q, Limbu SM, Li DL, Chen LQ, Lodhi IJ, Degrace P, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Inhibition Promotes Glucose Utilization and Protein Deposition through Energy Homeostasis Remodeling in Fish. J Nutr 2020; 150:2322-2335. [PMID: 32720689 PMCID: PMC7690763 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish cannot use carbohydrate efficiently and instead utilize protein for energy supply, thus limiting dietary protein storage. Protein deposition is dependent on protein turnover balance, which correlates tightly with cellular energy homeostasis. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. However, the effect of remodeled energy homeostasis caused by inhibited mitochondrial FAO on protein deposition in fish has not been intensively studied. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the regulatory role of mitochondrial FAO in energy homeostasis maintenance and protein deposition by studying lipid, glucose, and protein metabolism in fish. METHODS Carnitine-depleted male Nile tilapia (initial weight: 4.29 ± 0.12 g; 3 mo old) were established by feeding them with mildronate diets (1000 mg/kg/d) for 6 wk. Zebrafish deficient in the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b gene (cpt1b) were produced by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology, and their males (154 ± 3.52 mg; 3 mo old) were used for experiments. Normal Nile tilapia and wildtype zebrafish were used as controls. We assessed nutrient metabolism and energy homeostasis-related biochemical and molecular parameters, and performed 14C-labeled nutrient tracking and transcriptomic analyses. RESULTS The mitochondrial FAO decreased by 33.1-88.9% (liver) and 55.6-68.8% (muscle) in carnitine-depleted Nile tilapia and cpt1b-deficient zebrafish compared with their controls (P < 0.05). Notably, glucose oxidation and muscle protein deposition increased by 20.5-24.4% and 6.40-8.54%, respectively, in the 2 fish models compared with their corresponding controls (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/protein kinase B-mechanistic target of rapamycin (AMPK/AKT-mTOR) signaling was significantly activated in the 2 fish models with inhibited mitochondrial FAO (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data show that inhibited mitochondrial FAO in fish induces energy homeostasis remodeling and enhances glucose utilization and protein deposition. Therefore, fish with inhibited mitochondrial FAO could have high potential to utilize carbohydrate. Our results demonstrate a potentially new approach for increasing protein deposition through energy homeostasis regulation in cultured animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Min Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Li-Jun Ning
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Liang Lu
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Dong-Liang Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pascal Degrace
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231 Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Address correspondence to Z-YD (e-mail: )
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13
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Taj S, Irm M, Jin M, Yuan Y, Andriamialinirina HJT, Zhou Q. Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate to Lipid Ratios on Growth Performance, Muscle Fatty Acid Composition, and Intermediary Metabolism in Juvenile Black Seabream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii). Front Physiol 2020; 11:507. [PMID: 32581826 PMCID: PMC7283952 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid (CHO:L) ratios on growth performance, muscle fatty acid composition, and intermediary metabolism in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (48.0% crude protein and 18.0 MJ kg-1 gross energy) were formulated to contain different CHO:L ratios ranging from 0.33 to 3.75. Triplicate groups of 20 fish averaging 0.51 ± 0.01 g were fed with experimental diets twice daily to apparent satiation. The results indicated that final body weight (FBW), percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly influenced by the dietary CHO:L ratios (p < 0.05). The highest FBW, PWG, and SGR were observed in fish fed the diet with a CHO:L ratio of 1.36 (p < 0.05). A two-slope broken-line regression analysis based on PWG indicated that the optimal dietary CHO:L is 1.08. Lipid content in the whole body decreased, and glycogen concentration in the liver increased with the increase of dietary CHO:L ratios from 0.33 to 3.75 (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between muscle fatty acid composition and dietary fatty acid composition. The relative expression levels of genes involved in glucose metabolism, such as gk, pepck, and glut2 were upregulated by increasing the dietary CHO:L ratio. Also, the mRNA expression level of genes related to lipid synthesis, such as fas and accα were significantly upregulated with dietary CHO:L ratios increasing from 0.33 to 3.75. The highest expression of genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, such as cpt1 and acox1, were observed in fish fed the 1.36 CHO:L ratio diet. The gene expression of Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase (fads2) in the liver significantly increased with increase of dietary CHO:L ratios from 0.33 to 3.75. Fish fed the diet with CHO:L ratios of 2.26 and 3.75 had lower expression levels of elovl5 than those fed the other diets. These results demonstrate that dietary optimal CHO:L ratios could improve PWG and SGR but also influence expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Based on the overall results, the optimal dietary CHO:L ratio is 1.08 for black seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | | | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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14
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Pck-ing up steam: Widening the salmonid gluconeogenic gene duplication trail. Gene 2019; 698:129-140. [PMID: 30849535 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rainbow trout have, as salmonid fish species, undergone sequential genome duplication events in their evolutionary history. In addition to a teleost-specific whole genome duplication approximately 320-350 million years ago, rainbow trout and salmonids in general underwent an additional salmonid lineage-specific genome duplication event approximately 80 million years ago. Through the recent sequencing of salmonid genome sequences, including the rainbow trout, the identification and study of duplicated genes has become available. A particular focus of interest has been the evolution and regulation of rainbow trout gluconeogenic genes, as recent molecular and gene expression evidence points to a possible contribution of previously uncharacterized gluconeogenic gene paralogues to the rainbow trout long-studied glucose intolerant phenotype. Since the publication of the initial rainbow trout genome draft, resequencing and annotation have further improved genome coverage. Taking advantage of these recent improvements, we here identify a salmonid-specific genome duplication of ancestral mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 isoenzyme, we termed pck2a and pck2b. Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1) and, more recently mitochondrial Pck2, are considered to be the rate-limiting enzymes in de novo gluconeogenesis. Following in silico confirmation of salmonid pck2a and pck2b evolutionary history, we simultaneously profiled cytosolic pck1 and mitochondrial pck2a and pck2b expression in rainbow trout liver under several experimental conditions known to regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis. Cytosolic pck1 abundance was increased by nutritional (diets with a high protein to carbohydrate ratio compared to diets with a low carbohydrate to protein ratio) and glucoregulatory endocrine factors (glucagon and cortisol), revealing that the well-described transcriptional regulation of pck1 in mammals is present in rainbow trout. Conversely, and in contrast to mammals, we here describe endocrine regulation of pck2a (decrease in abundance in response to glucagon infusion), and nutritional, social-status-dependent and hypoxia-dependent regulation of pck2b. Specifically, pck2b transcript abundance increased in trout fed a diet with a low protein to carbohydrate ratio compared to a diet with a high protein to carbohydrate ratio, in dominant fish compared to subordinate fish as well as hypoxia. This specific and differential expression of rainbow trout pck2 ohnologues is indicative of functional diversification, and possible functional consequences are discussed in light of the recently highlighted gluconeogenic roles of mitochondrial pck2 in mammalian models.
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15
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Xu C, Li XF, Tian HY, Shi HJ, Zhang DD, Abasubong KP, Liu WB. Metformin improves the glucose homeostasis of Wuchang bream fed high-carbohydrate diets: a dynamic study. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:182-194. [PMID: 30703066 PMCID: PMC6391905 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
After a 12-week feeding trial, the glucose tolerance test was performed in Megalobrama amblycephala to evaluate the effects of metformin on the metabolic responses of glycolipids. Plasma insulin peaked at 2 h, then decreased to the basal value at 8-12 h post-injection. Plasma triglyceride levels and liver glycogen contents of the control group was decreased significantly during the first 2 and 1 h, respectively. Then, they returned to basal values at 12 h. During the whole sampling period, the high-carbohydrate groups had significantly higher levels of plasma metabolites and liver glycogen than those of the control group, and metformin supplementation enhanced these changes (except insulin levels). Glucose administration lowered the transcriptions of ampk α1, ampk α2, pepck, g6pase, fbpase, cpt IA and aco, the phosphorylation of Ampk α and the activities of the gluconeogenic enzymes during the first 2-4 h, while the opposite was true of glut 2, gs, gk, pk, accα and fas. High-carbohydrate diets significantly increased the transcriptions of ampk α1, ampk α2, glut 2, gs, gk, pk, accα and fas, the phosphorylation of Ampk α and the activities of the glycolytic enzymes during the whole sampling period, while the opposite was true for the remaining indicators. Furthermore, metformin significantly upregulated the aforementioned indicators (except accα and fas) and the transcriptions of cpt IA and aco. Overall, metformin benefits the glucose homeostasis of Megalobrama amblycephala fed high-carbohydrate diets through the activation of Ampk and the stimulation of glycolysis, glycogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, while depressing gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Yan Tian
- Department of Ocean Technology, College of Marine and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kenneth Prudence Abasubong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to W-B Liu:
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Viegas I, Trenkner LH, Rito J, Palma M, Tavares LC, Jones JG, Glencross BD, Wade NM. Impact of dietary starch on extrahepatic tissue lipid metabolism in farmed European (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 231:170-176. [PMID: 30818019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, there is high interest in substituting marine-derived with vegetable-based ingredients as energy source. Farmed carnivorous fish under high carbohydrate diets tend to increase adiposity but it remains unclear if this happens by increased lipid retention/accumulation, promotion of lipogenic pathways, or both. In order to determine the response of extrahepatic tissue to dietary starch, European (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Asian (Lates calcarifer) seabass were fed a control (low starch; LS) or experimental (high starch; HS) diet, for at least 21 days and then transferred for 6 days to saltwater enriched with deuterated water 2H2O. Incorporation of 2H-labelling follows well-defined metabolic steps, and analysis of triacylglycerols (TAG) 2H-enrichment by 2HNMR allowed evaluation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in muscle and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Fractional synthetic rates for TAG-bound fatty acids and glycerol were quantified separately providing a detailed lipogenic profile. The FA profile differed substantially between muscle and VAT in both species, but their lipogenic fluxes revealed even greater differences. In European seabass, HS promoted DNL of TAG-bound FA, in muscle and VAT. High 2H-enrichment also found in muscle TAG-bound glycerol was indicative of its role on lipid cycling. In Asian seabass, HS had no effect on muscle FA composition and lipogenic flux, with no 2H-enriched TAG being detected. VAT on the other hand revealed a strong enhancement of DNL in HS-fed fish along with high TAG-bound glycerol cycling. This study consolidated the use of 2H2O as tracer for fish lipid metabolism in different tissues, under different dietary conditions and suitable to use in different fish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Viegas
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lauren H Trenkner
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - João Rito
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Palma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ludgero C Tavares
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Brett D Glencross
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Wade
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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Jiang GZ, Shi HJ, Xu C, Zhang DD, Liu WB, Li XF. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala: molecular characterization, tissue distribution, and the responsiveness to dietary carbohydrate levels. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:401-415. [PMID: 30225750 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the full-length cDNA of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) from Megalobrama amblycephala with its responses to dietary carbohydrate levels characterized. The cDNA obtained covered 2768 bp with an open reading frame of 1572 bp. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of conservation (77-97%) among most fish and other higher vertebrates. The highest transcription of G6PD was observed in kidney followed by liver, whereas relatively low abundance was detected in eye. Then, the transcriptions and activities of G6PD as well as lipid contents were determined in the liver, muscle, and the adipose tissue of fish fed two dietary carbohydrate levels (30 and 42%) for 12 weeks. Hepatic transcriptions of fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACCα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were also measured to corroborate the lipogenesis derived from carbohydrates. The G6PD expressions and activities in both liver and the adipose tissue as well as the lipid contents in whole-body, liver, and the adipose tissue all increased significantly after high-carbohydrate feeding. Hepatic transcriptions of FAS, ACCα, SREBP1, and PPARγ were also up-regulated remarkably by the intake of a high-carbohydrate diet. These results indicated that the G6PD of M. amblycephala shared a high similarity with that of other vertebrates. Its expressions and activities in tissues were both highly inducible by high-carbohydrate feeding, as also held true for the transcriptions of other enzymes and/or transcription factors involved in lipogenesis, evidencing an enhanced lipogenesis by high dietary carbohydrate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Betancor MB, Olsen RE, Marandel L, Skulstad OF, Madaro A, Tocher DR, Panserat S. Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.). Front Physiol 2018; 9:1751. [PMID: 30574094 PMCID: PMC6291493 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A common-garden experiment was carried out to compare two genetically distinct strains of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with either high (CHO) or low (NoCHO) digestible carbohydrate (starch). Twenty salmon from either a commercial farmed strain (F) or a land-locked population (G) were placed in two tanks (10 fish of each population in each tank) and fed either CHO or NoCHO feeds. At the end of the experiment fish were fasted for 8 h, euthanized and blood and liver collected. Both diet and population had an effect on circulating glucose levels with G showing hypoglycaemia and dietary starch increasing this parameter. In contrast, G showed increased plasma triacylglycerol levels regardless of dietary treatment suggesting faster conversion of glucose to triacylglycerol. This different ability to metabolize dietary starch among strains was also reflected at a molecular (gene) level as most of the metabolic pathways evaluated were mainly affected by the factor population rather than by diet. The data are promising and suggest different regulatory capacities toward starch utilization between land-locked salmon and the farmed stock. Further analyses are necessary in order to fully characterize the capacity of land-locked salmon to utilize dietary carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Rolf E Olsen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRA-UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Panserat
- INRA-UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
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Differential Role of Hypothalamic AMPKα Isoforms in Fish: an Evolutive Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5051-5066. [PMID: 30460617 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 and α2 isoforms mainly relate to regulation of thermogenesis/liver metabolism and food intake, respectively. Since both isoforms are present in fish, which do not thermoregulate, we assessed their role(s) in hypothalamus regarding control of food intake and energy homeostasis. Since many fish species are carnivorous and mostly mammals are omnivorous, assessing if the role of hypothalamic AMPK is different is also an open question. Using the rainbow trout as a fish model, we first observed that food deprivation for 5 days did not significantly increase phosphorylation status of AMPKα in hypothalamus. Then, we administered adenoviral vectors that express dominant negative (DN) AMPKα1 or AMPKα2 isoforms. The inhibition of AMPKα2 (but not AMPKα1) led to decreased food intake. The central inhibition of AMPKα2 resulted in liver with decreased capacity of use and synthesis of glucose, lipids, and amino acids suggesting that a signal of nutrient abundance flows from hypothalamus to the liver, thus suggesting a role for central AMPKα2 in the regulation of peripheral metabolism in fishes. The central inhibition of AMPKα1 induced comparable changes in liver metabolism though at a lower extent. From an evolutionary point of view, it is of interest that the function of central AMPKα2 remained similar throughout the vertebrate lineage. In contrast, the function of central AMPKα1 in fish relates to modulation of liver metabolism whereas in mammals modulates not only liver metabolism but also brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis.
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Song X, Marandel L, Skiba-Cassy S, Corraze G, Dupont-Nivet M, Quillet E, Geurden I, Panserat S. Regulation by Dietary Carbohydrates of Intermediary Metabolism in Liver and Muscle of Two Isogenic Lines of Rainbow Trout. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1579. [PMID: 30483148 PMCID: PMC6243097 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is recognized as a typical "glucose-intolerant" fish, and the limits of dietary carbohydrate utilization have been investigated for many years. In this study, the objective was to test the molecular effects of dietary carbohydrates on intermediary metabolism in two major metabolic tissues, liver and muscle. Another objective was also to study if the response to carbohydrate intake depended on the genetic background. We fed two isogenic lines of rainbow trout (named A22h and N38h) with high carbohydrate diet (carbohydrate, 22.9%) or low carbohydrate diet (carbohydrate, 3.6%) for 12 weeks. Carbohydrates were associated with higher feed utilization owned by the well-known protein-sparing effect, with better fish growth performance. However, atypical regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver and absence of hk and glut4 induction in muscle, were also observed. Regarding the effects of carbohydrates on other metabolism, we observed an increased, at a molecular level, of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Genetic variability (revealed by the differences between the two isogenic lines) was observed for some metabolic genes especially for those involved in the EPA and DHA biosynthetic capacity. Finally, our study demonstrates that dietary carbohydrate not only affect glucose metabolism but also strongly impact the lipid and energy metabolism in liver and muscle of trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Song
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, E2S UPPA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lucie Marandel
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, E2S UPPA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, E2S UPPA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, E2S UPPA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | - Edwige Quillet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Inge Geurden
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, E2S UPPA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stephane Panserat
- UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, E2S UPPA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Jin J, Yang Y, Zhu X, Han D, Liu H, Xie S. Effects of glucose administration on glucose and lipid metabolism in two strains of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 267:18-28. [PMID: 29802832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We compared the glucose clearance ability of gibel carp CAS III (A strain) with gibel carp Dongting (DT strain). A previous study suggested that these two strains responded to insulin differently. As insulin plays an important role in glucose utilization, we hypothesized that the ability to eliminate excess glucose after a glucose load would differ between A strain and DT strain. To test this hypothesis, fasted specimens of both strains of gibel carp were injected with glucose. As expected, glucose induced hyperglycemia in both A strain and DT strain. In both strains, mRNA levels of the glycolytic enzyme 6-phosphofructokinase (6PFK) increased in the white skeletal muscle 8 h post-injection, while expression levels of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) decreased in the liver 8 h post-injection. In the DT strain, both GLUT4 expression and muscular glycolytic processes increased, as reflected by elevated hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase (PK) mRNA expression levels. The DT strain also returned to basal glycemia more quickly than the A strain (within 6 h versus more than 12 h). The glycogen concentration in the liver of the DT strain was higher than that of the A strain, indicating that the DT strain was better able to store glucose as glycogen than the A strain. Overall, the DT strain was better able to clear excess blood glucose after the glucose tolerance test than the A strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Shi HJ, Xu C, Liu MY, Wang BK, Liu WB, Chen DH, Zhang L, Xu CY, Li XF. Resveratrol Improves the Energy Sensing and Glycolipid Metabolism of Blunt Snout Bream Megalobrama amblycephala Fed High-Carbohydrate Diets by Activating the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α Network. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1258. [PMID: 30254587 PMCID: PMC6141669 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of resveratrol on the growth performance, energy sensing, glycolipid metabolism and glucose and insulin load of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala fed high-carbohydrate diets. Fish (39.44 ± 0.06 g) were randomly fed three diets: a control diet (30% carbohydrate), a high-carbohydrate diet (HC, 41% carbohydrate), and the HC diet supplemented with 0.04% resveratrol (HCR) for 12 weeks. Fish fed the HC diet had significantly high values of nitrogen and energy retention efficiency, hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio, whole-body lipid content and intraperitoneal fat glycogen and lipid contents compared to the control group, but showed little difference with the HCR treatment. Liver and muscle lipid contents and plasma levels of glucose, glycated serum protein, advanced glycation end products and total cholesterol of fish fed the HC diet were significantly higher than those of the control group, whereas the opposite was found with resveratrol supplementation. Fish fed the HC diet obtained significantly low values of plasma insulin levels and hepatic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) contents and NAD+/NADH ratio compared to HCR treatment, but showed little difference with the control group. The opposite was found for hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents and the ATP/AMP ratio. In addition, fish fed the HC diet showed significantly high transcriptions of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase, fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACCα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and PPARα compared to the control group, whereas the opposite was found for protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase α (t-AMPKα), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase α (p-AMPKα), sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), and p-AMPKα/t-AMPKα ratio as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, SIRT1, PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), glucose-6-phosphatase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT I) and acyl-CoA oxidase. Resveratrol supplementation significantly up-regulated the protein levels of t-AMPK, p-AMPK, and SIRT1, p-AMPK/t-AMPK ratio as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, SIRT1, PGC-1α, GLUT2, FBPase, and CPT I compared to HC group, while the opposite was found for sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, FAS and ACCα. Furthermore, resveratrol improved glucose and insulin tolerance of fish fed the HC diet after glucose and insulin load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Yang Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Bing-Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Muscle transcriptome resource for growth, lipid metabolism and immune system in Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha. Genes Genomics 2018; 41:1-15. [PMID: 30196475 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The information on the genes involved in muscle growth, lipid metabolism and immune systems would help to understand the mechanisms during the spawning migration in Hilsa shad, which in turn would be useful in its future domestication process. The primary objective of this study was to generate the transcriptome profile of its muscle through RNA seq. The total RNA was isolated and library was prepared from muscle tissue of Tenualosa ilisha, which was collected from Padma River at Farakka, India. The prepared library was then sequenced by Illumina HiSeq platform, HiSeq 2000, using paired-end strategy. A total of 8.68 GB of pair-end reads of muscle transcriptome was generated, and 43,384,267 pair-end reads were assembled into 3,04,233 contigs, of which 23.99% of assembled contigs has length ≥ 150 bp. The total GO terms were categorised into cellular component, molecular function and biological process through PANTHER database. Fifty-three genes related to muscle growth were identified and genes in different pathways were: 75 in PI3/AKT, 46 in mTOR, 76 in MAPK signalling, 24 in Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, 45 in AMPK and 27 in cGMP pathways. This study also mined the genes involved in lipid metabolism, in which glycerophospholipid metabolism contained highest number of genes (32) and four were found to be involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. There were 58 immune related genes found, in which 31 were under innate and 27 under adaptive immunity. The present study included a large genomic resource of T. ilisha muscle generated through RNAseq, which revealed the essential dataset for our understanding of regulatory processes, specifically during the seasonal spawning migration. As Hilsa is a slow growing fish, the genes identified for muscle growth provided the basic information to study myogenesis. In addition, genes identified for lipid metabolism and immune system would provide resources for lipid synthesis and understanding of Hilsa defense mechanisms, respectively.
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Ricaud K, Rey M, Plagnes-Juan E, Larroquet L, Even M, Quillet E, Skiba-Cassy S, Panserat S. Composition of Intestinal Microbiota in Two Lines of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Divergently Selected for Muscle Fat Content. Open Microbiol J 2018; 12:308-320. [PMID: 30288186 PMCID: PMC6142665 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801812010308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, studies suggest that gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity in mammals. In rainbow trout, little is known about the role of intestinal microbiota in host physiology. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the link between intestinal microbiota and adiposity, by high-throughput 16S RNA gene based illumina Miseq sequencing in two rainbow trout lines divergently selected for muscle lipid content. Fish from these two lines of rainbow trout are known to have a differing lipid metabolism. Methods Samples from the two lines (L for lean and F for fat) were collected from Midgut (M) and Hindgut (H) in juvenile fish (18 months) to compare intestinal microbiota diversity. Results Whatever the lines and intestinal localisation, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria are the dominant phyla in the bacterial community of rainbow trout (at least 97%). The results indicate that richness and diversity indexes as well as bacterial composition are comparable between all groups even though 6 specific OTUs were identified in the intestinal microbiota of fish from the fat line and 2 OTUs were specific to the microbiota of fish from the lean line. Our work contributes to a better understanding in microbial diversity in intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout. Conclusion Altogether, our study indicates that no major modification of the intestinal microbiota is induced by selection for muscle lipid content and associated metabolic changes. Finally, we identified members of core microbiota in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Ricaud
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Mickael Rey
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Laurence Larroquet
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Maxime Even
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Edwige Quillet
- UMR 1313 INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, F-64310, France
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Li S, Sang C, Zhang J, Chen N, Li Z, Jin P, Huang X. Effects of acute hyperglycemia stress on plasma glucose, glycogen content, and expressions of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1185-1196. [PMID: 29790091 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), a typical carnivorous fish, was chosen as a model to investigate the regulation of glycogen metabolism owning to its characteristic of glucose intolerance. The variation of plasma glucose concentration, glycogen content, and expressions of glycogen metabolism-related genes under acute hyperglycemia stress were measured. Following glucose administration, plasma glucose concentration increased immediately, and the glucose level remained elevated for at least 12 h. The prolonged glucose clearance and hyperglycemia revealed glucose intolerance of this fish species. Meanwhile, the glycogen content in both liver and muscle changed significantly during the clearance of plasma glucose. However, the peak value of hepatic glycogen (1 and 12 h post injection) appeared much earlier than muscle (3 and 24 h post injection). To investigate the regulation of glycogen metabolism from molecular aspect, the complete coding sequence (CDS) of glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in both liver and muscle types were obtained, encoding a polypeptide of 704, 711, 853, and 842 amino acid residues, respectively. The results of gene expression analysis revealed that the expression of liver type and muscle type GS was significantly higher than other time points at 12 and 24 h post glucose injection, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest expressions of GP in both liver and muscle types occurred at 24 h post glucose injection. The response of GS and GP to glucose load may account for the variation of glycogen content at the transcriptional level to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Li
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chunyan Sang
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiacan Zhang
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Naisong Chen
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Research Centre of the Agriculture Ministry on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Ziqiang Li
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xuxiong Huang
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Song X, Marandel L, Dupont-Nivet M, Quillet E, Geurden I, Panserat S. Hepatic glucose metabolic responses to digestible dietary carbohydrates in two isogenic lines of rainbow trout. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.032896. [PMID: 29716943 PMCID: PMC6031338 DOI: 10.1242/bio.032896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was recognized as a typical ‘glucose-intolerant’ fish and poor dietary carbohydrate user. Our first objective was to test the effect of dietary carbohydrates themselves (without modification of dietary protein intake) on hepatic glucose gene expression (taking into account the paralogs). The second aim was to research if two isogenic trout lines had different responses to carbohydrate intake, showing one with a better use dietary carbohydrates. Thus, we used two isogenic lines of rainbow trout (named A32h and AB1h) fed with either a high carbohydrate diet or a low carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks. We analysed the zootechnical parameters, the plasma metabolites, the hepatic glucose metabolism at the molecular level and the hormonal-nutrient sensing pathway. Globally, dietary carbohydrate intake was associated with hyperglycaemia and down regulation of the energy sensor Ampk, but also with atypical regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Indeed, the first steps of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis catalysed by the glucokinase and the phospenolpyruvate carboxykinase are regulated at the molecular level by dietary carbohydrates as expected (i.e. induction of the glycolytic gck and repression of the gluconeogenic pck); by contrast, and surprisingly, for two other key glycolytic enzymes (phosphofructokinase enzyme – pfkl and pyruvate kinase – pk) some of the paralogs (pfklb and pklr) are inhibited by carbohydrates whereas some of the genes coding gluconeogenic enzymes (the glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme g6pcb1b and g6pcb2a gene and the fructose1-6 biphosphatase paralog fbp1a) are induced. On the other hand, some differences for the zootechnical parameters and metabolic genes were also found between the two isogenic lines, confirming the existence of genetic polymorphisms for nutritional regulation of intermediary metabolism in rainbow trout. In conclusion, our study determines some new and unexpected molecular regulations of the glucose metabolism in rainbow trout which may partly lead to the poor utilization of dietary carbohydrates and it underlines the existence of differences in molecular regulation of glucose metabolism between two isogenic lines which provides arguments for future selection of rainbow trout. Summary: Using isogenic lines, this study determines some new, unexpected molecular regulation of the glucose metabolism in rainbow trout, which may partly lead to the poor utilization of dietary carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Song
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | - Edwige Quillet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université de Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Inge Geurden
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stephane Panserat
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Shi HJ, Liu WB, Xu C, Zhang DD, Wang BK, Zhang L, Li XF. Molecular Characterization of the RNA-Binding Protein Quaking-a in Megalobrama amblycephala: Response to High-Carbohydrate Feeding and Glucose/Insulin/Glucagon Treatment. Front Physiol 2018; 9:434. [PMID: 29740344 PMCID: PMC5928497 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein quaking-a (Qkia) was cloned from the liver of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala through the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method, with its potential role in glucose metabolism investigated. The full-length cDNA of qkia covered 1,718 bp, with an open reading frame of 1,572 bp, which encodes 383 AA. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of conservation (97–99%) among most fish and other higher vertebrates. The mRNA of qkia was detected in all examined organs/tissues. Then, the plasma glucose levels and tissue qkia expressions were determined in fish intraperitoneally injected with glucose [1.67 g per kg body weight (BW)], insulin (0.052 mg/kg BW), and glucagon (0.075 mg/kg BW) respectively, as well as in fish fed two dietary carbohydrate levels (31 and 41%) for 12 weeks. Glucose administration induced a remarkable increase of plasma glucose with the highest value being recorded at 1 h. Thereafter, it reduced to the basal value. After glucose administration, qkia expressions significantly decreased with the lowest value being recorded at 1 h in liver and muscle and 8 h in brain, respectively. Then they gradually returned to the basal value. The insulin injection induced a significant decrease of plasma glucose with the lowest value being recorded at 1 h, whereas the opposite was true after glucagon load (the highest value was gained at 4 h). Subsequently, glucose levels gradually returned to the basal value. After insulin administration, the qkia expressions significantly decreased with the lowest value being attained at 2 h in brain and muscle and 1 h in liver, respectively. However, glucagon significantly stimulated the expressions of qkia in tissues with the highest value being gained at 6 h. Moreover, high dietary carbohydrate levels remarkably increased plasma glucose levels, but down-regulated the transcriptions of qkia in tissues. These results indicated that the gene of blunt snout bream shared a high similarity with that of the other vertebrates. Glucose and insulin administration, as well as high-carbohydrate feeding, remarkably down-regulated its transcriptions in brain, muscle and liver, whereas the opposite was true after the glucagon load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Li XF, Xu C, Jiang GZ, Zhang DD, Liu WB. Molecular characterization of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1b in blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala and the transcriptional response to glucose loading after the adaptation to high-carbohydrate diets. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1337-1349. [PMID: 28474196 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1b (FBP1b) from fish Megalobrama amblycephala, and investigate its transcriptional response to glucose administration after the adaptation to high-carbohydrate diets. The cDNA obtained covered 1435 bp with an open reading frame of 1014 bp. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of conservation (76-96%) among most fish and other vertebrates, retaining one N-linked glycosylation site, one N-terminal acetylation site, 13 phosphorylation sites, one fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) active site, five metal-binding sites, four substrate-binding sites, and several AMP-binding sites. The highest messenger RNA (mRNA) level of FBP1b was observed in liver followed by intestine, whereas relatively low values were detected in heart, gill, and eye. Then, the mRNA levels of FBP1b and the FBPase activity were both determined in the liver of fish injected intraperitoneally with 1.67 g glucose per kilogram body weight after being fed two dietary carbohydrate levels (30 and 42%) for 11 weeks. After the glucose load, the mRNA levels of FBP1b in both treatments decreased significantly to the basal value at 8 h and showed a slight increase afterward. However, the enzymatic activity showed no statistical difference during the first 4 h, but increased remarkably with further increasing times. In addition, both the mRNA levels and activities decreased significantly with increasing dietary carbohydrate levels. The results indicated that the FBP1b of M. amblycephala shared a high similarity with that of the other vertebrates. Its mRNA expression in liver was downregulated remarkably by a glucose administration, as also held true after the long-term adaptation of a carbohydrate-rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Short- and long-term metabolic responses to diets with different protein:carbohydrate ratios in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858). Br J Nutr 2017; 115:1896-910. [PMID: 27046056 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Four isolipidic and isoenergetic diets with different protein:carbohydrate (CH) contents (48:38, 52:34, 56:30, 60:26) were fed to juvenile Senegalese sole (22·01 (sem 0·01) g) during 104 d. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at the beginning (4 d) and at the end (104 d) of the experiment to assess the effect of the dietary treatment on glucose tolerance. Samples of blood, liver and muscle of all dietary groups were also obtained at the initial and final phases of the trial at different postprandial times (0, 1, 5 and 10 h after feeding) in order to analyse glucose and NEFA in plasma, and metabolites and enzyme activities involved in glycogen metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis pathways in liver and muscle. The results obtained in this study suggest a good glucose tolerance in Senegalese sole. This species tolerated important amounts of CH in the diet without showing any deleterious signs in terms of growth or any metabolic disorders. After 104 d of feeding diets with an important amount of CH (48:38 and 52:34), the control of glycaemia was maintained and even postprandial glucose levels in plasma were (in general) lower than at the beginning of the experiment. This reasonable tolerance to glucose is also reflected by an increased use of glucose through glycolysis in liver (indicated by glucokinase activity), and the absence of changes in lipogenic potential in the same tissue (indicated by ATP citrate lyase activity). No clear changes were induced in the muscle by the dietary treatments.
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30
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Liu H, Dong X, Chi S, Yang Q, Zhang S, Chen L, Tan B. Molecular cloning of glucose transporter 1 in grouper Epinephelus coioides and effects of an acute hyperglycemia stress on its expression and glucose tolerance. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:103-114. [PMID: 27495737 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The glucose transporter family proteins play pivotal roles in glucose metabolism. In this study, we successfully cloned the orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) glucose transporter 1 (EcGlut1) gene (GenBank accession: JQ623903). The full-length EcGlut1 cDNA was 2126 bp with a 1476 bp ORF, a 437bp5'-UTR and 223bp3'-UTR. EcGlut1 is predicted to encode a 491 amino acid protein with a MW of 53.9 kDa, a pI of 8.66 and a Pfam domain. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that EcGlut1 was evolutionally conserved between fishes with 80-89 % amino acid identities. EcGlut1 was expressed predominantly in heart and liver and at lower levels in muscle, intestine, stomach and brain. We also investigated the effect of acute hyperglycemia stress on EcGlut1 expression. In glucose tolerance test, changes in EcGlut1 mRNA expression in response to glucose injection and glucose metabolism-related indictors were assessed at the same time. Glucose injection significantly suppressed EcGlut1 mRNA expression in liver at 12 h and in brain at 24 h postinjection (P < 0.05). EcGlut1 mRNA levels in heart were increased at 6 h (P < 0.05). Plasma glucose level increased significantly and reached its maximum at 3 h postinjection (P < 0.05). The spatiotemporal expression of EcGlut1 and glucose metabolism suggested that orange spotted grouper might rely on fat anabolism to reduce acute hyperglycemia stress and the delayed transcription of EcGlut1 gene might be one reason for glucose intolerance in E. coioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Otero-Rodiño C, Velasco C, Álvarez-Otero R, López-Patiño MA, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. Changes in the levels and phosphorylation status of Akt, AMPK, CREB, and FoxO1 in hypothalamus of rainbow trout under conditions of enhanced glucosensing activity. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:4410-4417. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.165159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is no available information in fish about mechanisms linking glucosensing activation and changes in the expression of brain neuropeptides controlling food intake. Therefore, we assessed in rainbow trout hypothalamus the effects of raised levels of glucose on the levels and phosphorylation status of two transcription factors, FoxO1 and CREB, possibly involved in linking those processes. Moreover, we also aimed to assess the changes in the levels and phosphorylation status of two proteins possibly involved in the modulation of these transcription factors such as Akt and AMPK. Therefore, we evaluated in pools of hypothalamus incubated for 3h and 6h at 15 °C in modified Hanks’ medium containing 2, 4, or 8 mM D-glucose the response of parameters related to glucosensing mechanisms, neuropeptide expression, and levels and phosphorylation status of proteins of interest. The activation of hypothalamic glucosensing systems and the concomitant enhanced anorectic potential occurred in parallel with activation of Akt and inhibition of AMPK. The changes in these proteins would relate to neuropeptide expression through changes in the levels and phosphorylation status of transcription factors under their control, such as CREB and FoxO1, which displayed inhibitory (CREB) or activatory (FoxO1) responses to increased glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Otero-Rodiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Rosa Álvarez-Otero
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Marcos A. López-Patiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - José L. Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
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Gong N, Johansson M, Björnsson BT. Impaired central leptin signaling and sensitivity in rainbow trout with high muscle adiposity. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 235:48-56. [PMID: 27292790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hormone leptin has been identified in all vertebrate classes, but its physiological roles in non-mammalian vertebrates are not well defined. To elucidate leptin regulation in energy homeostasis in a teleost fish species, this study compares hypothalamic and pituitary leptin signaling systems in energetically divergent rainbow trout lines selected for low (lean line, LL) and high (fat line, FL) muscle adiposity under feeding and starvation conditions. In fed fish, hypothalamic gene expression and protein density of the full-functional leptin receptor (LepRL), as well as a leptin binding protein (LepBP) expression, are lower in FL than LL fish. The FL fish have also lower activation of leptin-relevant signaling pathways involving protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-related kinase. These observations suggests impaired central leptin action in FL fish. During fasting, hypothalamic LepRL and LepBP expression, as well as active Akt levels are downregulated after one week, while pituitary LepRL expression is upregulated, in the LL fish only. After four weeks, hypothalamic LepRL protein levels return to normal levels in both fish lines and Akt is reactivated, although not to the same extent in FL as in LL fish, indicating that FL fish have low leptin sensitivity to nutritional changes. Neuropeptide Y and orexin expression is downregulated to similar levels in both fish lines after one-week fasting. The divergent leptin system profiles between the two fish lines demonstrate that phenotypic selection for high muscle adiposity affects leptin endocrinology, indicating regulatory roles for leptin in rainbow trout energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningping Gong
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, S-40590 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Johansson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, S-40590 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Thrandur Björnsson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, S-40590 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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33
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Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Lipid Metabolic Process in Liver Related to the Difference of Carcass Fat Content in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Int J Genomics 2016; 2016:7281585. [PMID: 27652256 PMCID: PMC5019904 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7281585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of carcass fat in farm animals, including fish, has a significant impact on meat quality and on the cost of feeding. Similar to farmed animals and humans, the liver can be considered one of the most important organs involved in lipid metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). RNA-seq based whole transcriptome sequencing was performed to liver tissue of rainbow trout with high and low carcass fat content in this study. In total 1,694 differentially expressed transcripts were identified, including many genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as L-FABP, adiponectin, PPAR-α, PPAR-β, and IGFBP1a. Evidence presented in this study indicated that lipid metabolic process in liver may be related to the difference of carcass fat content. The relevance of PPAR-α and PPAR-β as molecular markers for fat storage in liver should be worthy of further investigation.
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Viegas I, Jarak I, Rito J, Carvalho RA, Metón I, Pardal MA, Baanante IV, Jones JG. Effects of dietary carbohydrate on hepatic de novo lipogenesis in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1264-72. [PMID: 27247346 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m067850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Farmed seabass have higher adiposity than their wild counterparts and this is often attributed to carbohydrate (CHO) feeding. Whether this reflects a reduction in fat oxidation, increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL), or both, is not known. To study the effects of high CHO diets on hepatic TG biosynthesis, hepatic TG deuterium ((2)H) enrichment was determined following 6 days in (2)H-enriched tank water for fish fed with a no-CHO control diet (CTRL), and diets with digestible starch (DS) and raw starch (RS). Hepatic fractional synthetic rates (FSRs, percent per day(-1)) were calculated for hepatic TG-glyceryl and FA moieties through (2)H NMR analysis. Glyceryl FSRs exceeded FA FSRs in all cases, indicating active cycling. DS fish did not show increased lipogenic potential compared to CTRL. RS fish had lower glyceryl FSRs compared with the other diets and negligible levels of FA FSRs despite similar hepatic TG levels to CTRL. DS-fed fish showed higher activity for enzymes that can provide NADPH for lipogenesis, relative to CTRL in the case of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and relative to RS for both G6PDH and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. This approach indicated that elevated hepatic adiposity from DS feeding was not attributable to increased DNL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Viegas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal Center for Functional Ecology, Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Rito
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal Center for Functional Ecology, Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui A Carvalho
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel V Baanante
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - John G Jones
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by dietary carbohydrate levels and lipid sources in gilthead sea bream juveniles. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:19-34. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451600163x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe long-term effects on growth performance, body composition, plasma metabolites, liver and intestine glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed in gilthead sea bream juveniles fed diets without carbohydrates (CH–) or carbohydrate-enriched (20 % gelatinised starch, CH+) combined with two lipid sources (fish oil; or vegetable oil (VO)). No differences in growth performance among treatments were observed. Carbohydrate intake was associated with increased hepatic transcripts of glucokinase but not of 6-phosphofructokinase. Expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was down-regulated by carbohydrate intake, whereas, unexpectedly, glucose 6-phosphatase was up-regulated. Lipogenic enzyme activities (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase) and ∆6 fatty acyl desaturase (FADS2) transcripts were increased in liver of fish fed CH+ diets, supporting an enhanced potential for lipogenesis and long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis. Despite the lower hepatic cholesterol content in CH+ groups, no influence on the expression of genes related to cholesterol efflux (ATP-binding cassette G5) and biosynthesis (lanosterol 14α-demethylase, cytochrome P450 51 cytochrome P450 51 (CYP51A1); 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase) was recorded at the hepatic level. At the intestinal level, however, induction of CYP51A1 transcripts by carbohydrate intake was recorded. Dietary VO led to decreased plasma phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations but not on the transcripts of proteins involved in phospholipid biosynthesis (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase) and cholesterol metabolism at intestinal and hepatic levels. Hepatic and muscular fatty acid profiles reflected that of diets, despite the up-regulation ofFADS2transcripts. Overall, this study demonstrated that dietary carbohydrates mainly affected carbohydrate metabolism, lipogenesis and LC-PUFA biosynthesis, whereas effects of dietary lipid source were mostly related with tissue fatty acid composition, plasma phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations, and LC-PUFA biosynthesis regulation. Interactions between dietary macronutrients induced modifications in tissue lipid and glycogen content.
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Dai W, Panserat S, Kaushik S, Terrier F, Plagnes-Juan E, Seiliez I, Skiba-Cassy S. Hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis is more responsive to protein than carbohydrate in rainbow trout during acute stimulations. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R74-86. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00281.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The link between dietary carbohydrate/protein and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) remains debatable in carnivorous fish. We aimed to evaluate and compare the response of hepatic lipogenic gene expression to dietary carbohydrate intake/glucose and dietary protein intake/amino acids (AAs) during acute stimulations using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. For the in vivo trial, three different diets and a controlled-feeding method were employed to supply fixed amount of dietary protein or carbohydrate in a single meal; for the in vitro trial, primary hepatocytes were stimulated with a low or high level of glucose (3 mM or 20 mM) and a low or high level of AAs (one-fold or four-fold concentrated AAs). In vitro data showed that a high level of AAs upregulated the expression of enzymes involved in DNL [fatty acid synthase (FAS) and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)], lipid bioconversion [elongation of very long chain fatty acids like-5 (Elovl5), Elovl2, Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase (D6D) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1)], NADPH production [glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and malic enzyme (ME)], and transcriptional factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1-like, while a high level of glucose only elevated the expression of ME. Data in trout liver also showed that high dietary protein intake induced higher lipogenic gene expression (FAS, ACLY, and Elovl2) regardless of dietary carbohydrate intake, while high carbohydrate intake markedly suppressed the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Elovl5. Overall, we conclude that, unlike rodents or humans, hepatic fatty acid biosynthetic gene expression in rainbow trout is more responsive to dietary protein intake/AAs than dietary carbohydrate intake/glucose during acute stimulations. This discrepancy probably represents one important physiological and metabolic difference between carnivores and omnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dai
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, CD 918, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, CD 918, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sadasivam Kaushik
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, CD 918, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Frédéric Terrier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, CD 918, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, CD 918, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Iban Seiliez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, CD 918, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, CD 918, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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