1
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Wang X, Zhan W, Zhou S, He S, Wang S, Yu Y, Fan H. The synthesis of triacylglycerol by diacylglycerol acyltransferases (CsDGAT1A and CsDGAT2D) is essential for tolerance of cucumber's resistance to low-temperature stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:196. [PMID: 39009888 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE CsDGAT1A and CsDGAT2D play a positive regulatory role in cucumber's response to low-temperature stress and positively regulate the synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). Triacylglycerol (TAG), a highly abundant and significant organic compound in plants, plays crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. The final acetylation step of TAG synthesis is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs). However, the involvement of DGATs in cucumber's low-temperature stress response remains unexplored. This study focused on two DGAT genes, CsDGAT1A and CsDGAT2D, investigating their function in enhancing cucumber's low-temperature stress tolerance. Our results revealed that both proteins were the members of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase family and were predominantly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Functional analysis demonstrated that transient silencing of CsDGAT1A and CsDGAT2D significantly compromised cucumber's low-temperature stress tolerance, whereas transient overexpression enhanced it. Furthermore, the TAG content quantification indicated that CsDGAT1A and CsDGAT2D promoted TAG accumulation. In conclusion, this study elucidates the lipid metabolism mechanism in cucumber's low-temperature stress response and offers valuable insights for the cultivation of cold-tolerant cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wei Zhan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Siyao He
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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2
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Cao D, Ma Y, Cao Z, Hu S, Li Z, Li Y, Wang K, Wang X, Wang J, Zhao K, Zhao K, Qiu D, Li Z, Ren R, Ma X, Zhang X, Gong F, Jung MY, Yin D. Coordinated Lipid Mobilization during Seed Development and Germination in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3218-3230. [PMID: 38157443 PMCID: PMC10870768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important oil crops in the world due to its lipid-rich seeds. Lipid accumulation and degradation play crucial roles in peanut seed maturation and seedling establishment, respectively. Here, we utilized lipidomics and transcriptomics to comprehensively identify lipids and the associated functional genes that are important in the development and germination processes of a large-seed peanut variety. A total of 332 lipids were identified; triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols were the most abundant during seed maturation, constituting 70.43 and 16.11%, respectively, of the total lipids. Significant alterations in lipid profiles were observed throughout seed maturation and germination. Notably, TAG (18:1/18:1/18:2) and (18:1/18:2/18:2) peaked at 23386.63 and 23392.43 nmol/g, respectively, at the final stage of seed development. Levels of hydroxylated TAGs (HO-TAGs) increased significantly during the initial stage of germination. Accumulation patterns revealed an inverse relationship between free fatty acids and TAGs. Lipid degradation was determined to be regulated by diacylglycerol acyltransferase, triacylglycerol lipase, and associated transcription factors, predominantly yielding oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. Collectively, the results of this study provide valuable insights into lipid dynamics during the development and germination of large-seed peanuts, gene resources, and guiding future research into lipid accumulation in an economically important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cao
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongzhe Ma
- College
of Food Science, Woosuk University, Samrea-Up, Wanju-Kun, Jeonbuk Province 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Zenghui Cao
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sasa Hu
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan Li
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanzhe Li
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuopeng Wang
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhao
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Qiu
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ren
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingli Ma
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangping Gong
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mun Yhung Jung
- College
of Food Science, Woosuk University, Samrea-Up, Wanju-Kun, Jeonbuk Province 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmei Yin
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Li H, Che R, Zhu J, Yang X, Li J, Fernie AR, Yan J. Multi-omics-driven advances in the understanding of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in oil seeds. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:999-1017. [PMID: 38009661 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids and energy as well as valuable sources of human food, animal feed, and bioenergy. Triacylglycerols, which are comprised of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone, are the main component of vegetable oils. Here, we review the development and application of multiple-level omics in major oilseeds and emphasize the progress in the analysis of the biological roles of key genes underlying seed oil content and quality in major oilseeds. Finally, we discuss future research directions in functional genomics research based on current omics and oil metabolic engineering strategies that aim to enhance seed oil content and quality, and specific fatty acids components according to either human health needs or industrial requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Ronghui Che
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jiantang Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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4
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Yan B, Chang C, Gu Y, Zheng N, Fang Y, Zhang M, Wang G, Zhang L. Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Analyses of the CsDGAT Gene Family in Cannabis sativa L. and Their Response to Cold Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044078. [PMID: 36835488 PMCID: PMC9963917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hempseed is a nutrient-rich natural resource, and high levels of hempseed oil accumulate within hemp seeds, consisting primarily of different triglycerides. Members of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme family play critical roles in catalyzing triacylglycerol biosynthesis in plants, often governing the rate-limiting step in this process. As such, this study was designed to characterize the Cannabis sativa DGAT (CsDGAT) gene family in detail. Genomic analyses of the C. sativa revealed 10 candidate DGAT genes that were classified into four families (DGAT1, DGAT2, DGAT3, WS/DGAT) based on the features of different isoforms. Members of the CsDGAT family were found to be associated with large numbers of cis-acting promoter elements, including plant response elements, plant hormone response elements, light response elements, and stress response elements, suggesting roles for these genes in key processes such as development, environmental adaptation, and abiotic stress responses. Profiling of these genes in various tissues and varieties revealed varying spatial patterns of CsDGAT expression dynamics and differences in expression among C. sativa varieties, suggesting that the members of this gene family likely play distinct functional regulatory functions CsDGAT genes were upregulated in response to cold stress, and significant differences in the mode of regulation were observed when comparing roots and leaves, indicating that CsDGAT genes may play positive roles as regulators of cold responses in hemp while also playing distinct roles in shaping the responses of different parts of hemp seedlings to cold exposure. These data provide a robust basis for further functional studies of this gene family, supporting future efforts to screen the significance of CsDGAT candidate genes to validate their functions to improve hempseed oil composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Yan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chuanyi Chang
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Yingnan Gu
- Remote Sensing Technique Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuyan Fang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Guijiang Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (L.Z.)
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5
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Peng Z, Zheng L, Tian H, Wang J, Liu W, Meng J, Zhang J, Li X, Wan S. Newly identified essential amino acids affecting peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) DGAT2 enzyme activity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12878. [PMID: 36711321 PMCID: PMC9876841 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerols is the major storage lipid in most crop seeds. As the key enzyme catalyzing the final step of triacylglycerols biosynthesis, the activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferases directly related to oil content. It has been shown that certain amino acids are very important for enzyme activity, one amino acid variation will greatly change the enzyme activity. In this study, we identified three amino acid point mutations that affect the Arachis hypogaea diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 enzyme activity, T107M, K251R and L316P. According to the three amino acid variations, three single-nucleotide-mutant sequences of Arachis hypogaea diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2a were constructed and transformed into yeast strain H1246 for function verification. Results showed that T107M and K251R could change the fatty acid content and composition of the transformed yeast strains, whereas L316P led to the loss of enzyme activity. By analyzing the 2D and 3D structures of the three variants, we found that the changes of spatial structure of T107M, K251R and L316P caused the changes of the enzyme activity. Our study could provide a theoretical basis for changing the enzyme activity of DGAT by genetic engineering, and provide a new idea for increasing the oil content of the crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Peng
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Haiying Tian
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jialei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shubo Wan
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Han L, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Shi X, Xu Y, Gao S, Zhang M, Luo J, Zhang Q. Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 3(DGAT3) Is Responsible for the Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Vegetative Organs of Paeonia rockii. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214390. [PMID: 36430868 PMCID: PMC9692848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
'Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)' acts as a key rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the final step of the de novo biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). The study was to characterize the function of the DGAT3 gene in Paeonia rockii, which is known for its accumulation of high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). We identified a DGAT3 gene which encodes a soluble protein that is located within the chloroplasts of P. rockii. Functional complementarity experiments in yeast demonstrated that PrDGAT3 restored TAG synthesis. Linoleic acid (LA, C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3) are essential unsaturated fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body. Through the yeast lipotoxicity test, we found that the yeast cell density was largely increased by adding exogenous LA and, especially, ALA to the yeast medium. Further ectopic transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue and stable overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that PrDGAT3 significantly enhanced the accumulation of the TAG and UFAs. In contrast, we observed a significant decrease in the total fatty acid content and in several major fatty acids in PrDGAT3-silenced tree peony leaves. Overall, PrDGAT3 is important in catalyzing TAG synthesis, with a substrate preference for UFAs, especially LA and ALA. These results suggest that PrDGAT3 may have practical applications in improving plant lipid nutrition and increasing oil production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Han
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuhui Zhai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiangrui Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shuguang Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Man Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jianrang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Oil Peony Engineering Technology, Research Center of National Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8708-2878; Fax: +86-29-8708-0269
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7
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Nawade B, Kumar A, Maurya R, Subramani R, Yadav R, Singh K, Rangan P. Longer Duration of Active Oil Biosynthesis during Seed Development Is Crucial for High Oil Yield-Lessons from Genome-Wide In Silico Mining and RNA-Seq Validation in Sesame. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2980. [PMID: 36365434 PMCID: PMC9657858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sesame, one of the ancient oil crops, is an important oilseed due to its nutritionally rich seeds with high protein content. Genomic scale information for sesame has become available in the public databases in recent years. The genes and their families involved in oil biosynthesis in sesame are less studied than in other oilseed crops. Therefore, we retrieved a total of 69 genes and their translated amino acid sequences, associated with gene families linked to the oil biosynthetic pathway. Genome-wide in silico mining helped identify key regulatory genes for oil biosynthesis, though the findings require functional validation. Comparing sequences of the SiSAD (stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-desaturase) coding genes with known SADs helped identify two SiSAD family members that may be palmitoyl-ACP-specific. Based on homology with lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) sequences, an uncharacterized gene has been identified as SiLPAAT1. Identified key regulatory genes associated with high oil content were also validated using publicly available transcriptome datasets of genotypes contrasting for oil content at different developmental stages. Our study provides evidence that a longer duration of active oil biosynthesis is crucial for high oil accumulation during seed development. This underscores the importance of early onset of oil biosynthesis in developing seeds. Up-regulating, identified key regulatory genes of oil biosynthesis during early onset of seed development, should help increase oil yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwat Nawade
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rasna Maurya
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rajkumar Subramani
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Parimalan Rangan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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8
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Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
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9
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Xue J, Gao H, Xue Y, Shi R, Liu M, Han L, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang F, Zhang H, Jia X, Li R. Functional Characterization of Soybean Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 3 in Yeast and Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:854103. [PMID: 35693158 PMCID: PMC9174931 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) function as the key rate-limiting enzymes in de novo biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) by transferring an acyl group from acyl-CoA to sn-3 of diacylglycerol (DAG) to form TAG. Here, two members of the type 3 DGAT gene family, GmDGAT3-1 and GmDGAT3-2, were identified from the soybean (Glycine max) genome. Both of them were predicted to encode soluble cytosolic proteins containing the typical thioredoxin-like ferredoxin domain. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that GmDGAT3-2 expression was much higher than GmDGAT3-1's in various soybean tissues such as leaves, flowers, and seeds. Functional complementation assay using TAG-deficient yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant H1246 demonstrated that GmDGAT3-2 fully restored TAG biosynthesis in the yeast and preferentially incorporated monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), especially oleic acid (C18:1) into TAGs. This substrate specificity was further verified by fatty-acid feeding assays and in vitro enzyme activity characterization. Notably, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) data showed that heterogeneous expression of GmDGAT3-2 resulted in a significant increase in seed oil and C18:1 levels but little change in contents of protein and starch compared to the EV-transformed tobacco plants. Taken together, GmDGAT3-2 displayed a strong enzymatic activity to catalyze TAG assembly with high substrate specificity for MUFAs, particularly C18:1, playing an important role in the cytosolic pathway of TAG synthesis in soybean. The present findings provide a scientific reference for improving oil yield and FA composition in soybean through gene modification, further expanding our knowledge of TAG biosynthesis and its regulatory mechanism in oilseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinai Xue
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yinghong Xue
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ruixiang Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Lijun Han
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University (Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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10
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Yin X, Guo X, Hu L, Li S, Chen Y, Wang J, Wang RRC, Fan C, Hu Z. Genome-Wide Characterization of DGATs and Their Expression Diversity Analysis in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Brassica napus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1156. [PMID: 35567157 PMCID: PMC9104862 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the most important storage lipid for oil plant seeds. Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) are a key group of rate-limiting enzymes in the pathway of TAG biosynthesis. In plants, there are three types of DGATs, namely, DGAT1, DGAT2 and DGAT3. Brassica napus, an allotetraploid plant, is one of the most important oil plants in the world. Previous studies of Brassica napus DGATs (BnaDGATs) have mainly focused on BnaDGAT1s. In this study, four DGAT1s, four DGAT2s and two DGAT3s were identified and cloned from B. napus ZS11. The analyses of sequence identity, chromosomal location and collinearity, phylogenetic tree, exon/intron gene structures, conserved domains and motifs, and transmembrane domain (TMD) revealed that BnaDGAT1, BnaDGAT2 and BnaDGAT3 were derived from three different ancestors and shared little similarity in gene and protein structures. Overexpressing BnaDGATs showed that only four BnaDGAT1s can restore TAG synthesis in yeast H1246 and promote the accumulation of fatty acids in yeast H1246 and INVSc1, suggesting that the three BnaDGAT subfamilies had greater differentiation in function. Transcriptional analysis showed that the expression levels of BnaDGAT1s, BnaDGAT2s and BnaDGAT3s were different during plant development and under different stresses. In addition, analysis of fatty acid contents in roots, stems and leaves under abiotic stresses revealed that P starvation can promote the accumulation of fatty acids, but no obvious relationship was shown between the accumulation of fatty acids with the expression of BnaDGATs under P starvation. This study provides an extensive evaluation of BnaDGATs and a useful foundation for dissecting the functions of BnaDGATs in biochemical and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xupeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jingqiao Wang
- Institute of Economical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural Academy, Kunming 650205, China;
| | - Richard R.-C. Wang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA;
| | - Chengming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zanmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Carro MDLM, Gonorazky G, Soto D, Mamone L, Bagnato C, Pagnussat LA, Beligni MV. Expression of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast diacylglycerol acyltransferase 3 is induced by light in concert with triacylglycerol accumulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:262-276. [PMID: 35043497 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made towards the understanding of triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in algae. One key aspect is finding conditions that trigger TAG production without reducing cell division. Previously, we identified a soluble diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), related to plant DGAT3, with heterologous DGAT activity. In this work, we demonstrate that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii DGAT3 localizes to the chloroplast and that its expression is induced by light, in correspondence with TAG accumulation. Dgat3 mRNAs and TAGs increase in both wild-type and starch-deficient cells grown with acetate upon transferring them from dark or low light to higher light levels, albeit affected by the particularities of each strain. The response of dgat3 mRNAs and TAGs to light depends on the pre-existing levels of TAGs, suggesting the existence of a negative regulatory loop in the synthesis pathway, although an effect of TAG turnover cannot be ruled out. Altogether, these results hint towards a possible role of DGAT3 in light-dependent TAG accumulation in C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Las Mercedes Carro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7608FBY, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Gonorazky
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7608FBY, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Débora Soto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7608FBY, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Leandro Mamone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7608FBY, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Bagnato
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable (IEDS), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Luciana A Pagnussat
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7620EMA, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - María Verónica Beligni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7608FBY, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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12
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Xu Y, Yan F, Zong Y, Li J, Gao H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Wang Q. Proteomic and lipidomics analyses of high fatty acid AhDGAT3 transgenic soybean reveals the key lipase gene associated with the lipid internal mechanism. Genome 2022; 65:153-164. [PMID: 34995159 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oil is one of the most important components of human nutrition. Soybean (Glycine max) is an important oil crop worldwide and contains rich unsaturated fatty acids. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the Kennedy pathway from diacylglycerol (DAG) to triacylglycerol (TAG). In this study, we conducted further research using T3 AhDGAT3 transgenic soybean. A high-performance gas chromatography flame ionization detector showed that oleic acid (18:1) content and total fatty acid content of transgenic soybean were significantly higher than those of the wild type (WT). However, linoleic acid (18:2) was much lower than that in the WT. For further mechanistic studies, 20 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 119 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified between WT (JACK) and AhDGAT3 transgenic soybean mature seeds using proteomic and lipidomics analyses. Combined proteomic and lipidomics analyses showed that the upregulation of the key DEP (lipase GDSL domain-containing protein) in lipid transport and metabolic process induced an increase in the total fatty acid and 18:1 composition, but a decrease in the 18:2 composition of fatty acids. Our study provides new insights into the deep study of molecular mechanism underlying the enhancement of fatty acids in transgenic soybeans, especially oleic acid and total fatty acid, which are enhanced by over-expression of AhDGAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
| | - Fan Yan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
| | - Yu Zong
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
| | - Han Gao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
| | - Youcheng Zhu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, 130062, China
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13
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Chellamuthu M, Kumaresan K, Subramanian S. Increase in alpha-linolenic acid content by simultaneous expression of fatty acid metabolism genes in Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:559-572. [PMID: 35465201 PMCID: PMC8986930 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sesame is considered one of India's important sources of edible oil and an excellent dietary source for its nutritional and medicinal value. Sesame DGAT1 and PDAT1 genes were co-expressed with omega 3 FAD genes. Systemic isolation of sesame DGAT1, PDAT1, ER type FAD3, and chloroplast type FAD7/8 genes were performed. Their sequence was analyzed for genomic organization, amino acid characterization, organ specificity, and phylogenetic relationships. The insilico analysis revealed the unique features of DGAT1, PDAT1, and FAD3 gene sequences, whereas FAD7 and FAD8 sequences had the same protein characters and were grouped in phylogeny analysis, only variation was found in their mRNA UTR regions. Functional expression of sesame TAG synthesis genes and omega-3 FAD genes was studied in yeast mutant H1246 deficient for TAG synthesis. Functional analyses in yeast with the presence of ALA confirmed the identity of sesame FAD3, FAD7 and FAD8 genes. Recombinant expression of pESC + DGAT1 + FAD3 vector in yeast mutant resulted in lipid accumulation with 10% higher ALA content. Thus this gene combination can be co-expressed in sesame and other plant systems to increase the lipid accumulation with high omega-3 fatty acid (ALA) content. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01152-0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanimozhi Kumaresan
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, 641004 Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Selvi Subramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, 641004 Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
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14
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Ma H, Zheng J, Li Y, Zhao L, Zou S, Hu Q, Han D. A Novel Bifunctional Wax Ester Synthase Involved in Early Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Unicellular Green Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis Under High Light Stress. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:794714. [PMID: 35111735 PMCID: PMC8802113 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bulk of neutral lipids, including astaxanthin esters and triacylglycerols (TAGs), are accumulated in the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis under high light (HL) stress. In this study, a novel bifunctional wax ester synthase (WS) gene was cloned from H. pluvialis upon HL stress. The overexpression of HpWS restored the biosynthesis of wax esters and TAGs in neutral lipid-deficient yeast mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae H1246 fed with C18 alcohol and C18:1/C18:3 fatty acids, respectively. Under HL stress, HpWS was substantially upregulated at the transcript level, prior to that of the type I diacylglycerol:acyl-CoA acyltransferase encoding gene (HpDGAT1). HpDGAT1 is the major TAG synthase in H. pluvialis. In addition, the application of xanthohumol (a DGAT1/2 inhibitor) in the H. pluvialis cells did not completely eliminate the TAG biosynthesis under HL stress at 24 h. These results indicated that HpWS may contribute to the accumulation of TAGs in H. pluvialis at the early stage under HL stress. In addition, the overexpression of HpWS in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii bkt5, which is engineered to produce free astaxanthin, enhanced the production of TAGs and astaxanthin. Our findings broaden the understanding of TAG biosynthesis in microalgae and provide a new molecular target for genetic manipulation in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ma
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Ma,
| | - Jie Zheng
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Zou
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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15
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Muthulakshmi C, Sivaranjani R, Selvi S. Modification of sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) for Triacylglycerol accumulation in plant biomass for biofuel applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 32:e00668. [PMID: 34567983 PMCID: PMC8449027 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased oil biomass in sesame vegetative tissues. Enhancement of plant oil biomass plays a chief role in biofuel applications. This is a maiden attempt to develop sesame plant for biofuel production.
Sesame is considered as the queen of oil seeds owing to its high oil content of about 56–62% and good quality oil. Sesame oil alone or in combination with other vegetable oils can yield good quality biodiesel. Sesame biodiesel blends up to 20% yields fuel efficiency and power output on par with mineral diesel but superior in environmental performance. Though biodiesel from edible oil is highly criticized, the demand for renewable energy compels the development of high-performance sesame plants. Triacylglycerol synthesis in flowering plants follows an acyl CoA-dependent and independent manner. This study envisages transgenic approaches to enhance oil production in sesame biomass. The genes of choice for oil enhancement includes DGAT1, PDAT1, FAD3 and cytochrome b5F. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferases (PDAT) are key enzymes in TAG synthesis. Fatty acid desaturases (FAD) has the ability to enhance specific fatty acids, whereas cytochrome b5 genes augment the process by donating electrons. A combination of the above categories of genes which performed well in terms of oil content in the yeast expression system from our earlier studies is used in Agrobacterium-mediated sesame transformation experiments to evaluate the biodiesel potential of transgenic sesame plants. The transgenic construct with PDAT1 and FAD3 combination yielded a 10% increase in TAG content. The possibility of transgenic sesame as a biodiesel plant is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Muthulakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Sivaranjani
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Selvi
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Gao H, Gao Y, Zhang F, Liu B, Ji C, Xue J, Yuan L, Li R. Functional characterization of an novel acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 3-3 (CsDGAT3-3) gene from Camelina sativa. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110752. [PMID: 33487340 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) catalyze the final committed step of de novo biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in plant seeds. This study was to functionally characterize DGAT3 genes in Camelina sativa, an important oil crops accumulating high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in seeds. Three camelina DGAT3 genes (CsDGAT3-1, CsDGAT3-2 and CsDGAT3-3) were identified, and the encoded proteins were predicted to be cytosolic-soluble proteins present as a homodimer containing the 2Fe-2S domain. They had divergent expression patterns in various tissues, suggesting that they may function in tissue-specific manner with CsDGAT3-1 in roots, CsDGAT3-2 in flowers and young seedlings, and CsDGAT3-3 in developing seeds. Functional complementation assay in yeast demonstrated that CsDGAT3-3 restored TAG synthesis. TAG content and UFAs, particularly eicosenoic acid (EA, 20:1n-9) were largely increased by adding exogenous UFAs in the yeast medium. Further heterogeneously transient expression in N. benthamiana leaves and seed-specific expression in tobacco seeds indicated that CsDGAT3-3 significantly enhanced oil and UFA accumulation with much higher level of EA. Overall, CsDGAT3-3 exhibited a strong abilty catalyzing TAG synthesis and high substrate preference for UFAs, especially for 20:1n-9. The present data provide new insights for further understanding oil biosynthesis mechanism in camelina seeds, indicating that CsDGAT3-3 may have practical applications for increasing both oil yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Gao
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Baoling Liu
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunli Ji
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinai Xue
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
| | - Lixia Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
| | - Runzhi Li
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
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17
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Chen GQ, Kim WN, Johnson K, Park ME, Lee KR, Kim HU. Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Lipid Genes in Physaria lindheimeri, a Genetic Resource for Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Seed Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020514. [PMID: 33419225 PMCID: PMC7825617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) have numerous industrial applications but are absent in most vegetable oils. Physaria lindheimeri accumulating 85% HFA in its seed oil makes it a valuable resource for engineering oilseed crops for HFA production. To discover lipid genes involved in HFA synthesis in P. lindheimeri, transcripts from developing seeds at various stages, as well as leaf and flower buds, were sequenced. Ninety-seven percent clean reads from 552,614,582 raw reads were assembled to 129,633 contigs (or transcripts) which represented 85,948 unique genes. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that 60% of the contigs matched proteins involved in biological process, cellular component or molecular function, while the remaining matched unknown proteins. We identified 42 P. lindheimeri genes involved in fatty acid and seed oil biosynthesis, and 39 of them shared 78-100% nucleotide identity with Arabidopsis orthologs. We manually annotated 16 key genes and 14 of them contained full-length protein sequences, indicating high coverage of clean reads to the assembled contigs. A detailed profiling of the 16 genes revealed various spatial and temporal expression patterns. The further comparison of their protein sequences uncovered amino acids conserved among HFA-producing species, but these varied among non-HFA-producing species. Our findings provide essential information for basic and applied research on HFA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Q. Chen
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.Q.C.); (H.U.K.)
| | - Won Nyeong Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Kumiko Johnson
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54974, Korea;
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.Q.C.); (H.U.K.)
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18
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Characterization of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 9 (AhGPAT9) genes, their allelic polymorphism and association with oil content in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14648. [PMID: 32887939 PMCID: PMC7474056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GPAT, the rate-limiting enzyme in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, plays an important role in seed oil accumulation. In this study, two AhGPAT9 genes were individually cloned from the A- and B- genomes of peanut, which shared a similarity of 95.65%, with 165 site differences. The overexpression of AhGPAT9 or the knock-down of its gene expression increased or decreased the seed oil content, respectively. Allelic polymorphism analysis was conducted in 171 peanut germplasm, and 118 polymorphic sites in AhGPAT9A formed 64 haplotypes (a1 to a64), while 94 polymorphic sites in AhGPAT9B formed 75 haplotypes (b1 to b75). The haplotype analysis showed that a5, b57, b30 and b35 were elite haplotypes related to high oil content, whereas a7, a14, a48, b51 and b54 were low oil content types. Additionally, haplotype combinations a62/b10, a38/b31 and a43/b36 were associated with high oil content, but a9/b42 was a low oil content haplotype combination. The results will provide valuable clues for breeding new lines with higher seed oil content using hybrid polymerization of high-oil alleles of AhGPAT9A and AhGPAT9B genes.
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Chawla K, Sinha K, Kaur R, Bhunia RK. Identification and functional characterization of two acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes from forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) embryo. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 176:112405. [PMID: 32473393 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevating the lipid content in high-biomass forage crops has emerged as a new research platform for increasing energy density and improving livestock production efficiency associated with improved human health beneficial meat and milk quality. To gain insights of triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis in forage sorghum, two type-1 diacylglycerol acyltransferase (designated as SbDGAT1-1 and SbDGAT1-2) were characterized for its in vivo function. SbDGAT1-2 is more abundantly expressed in embryo and bran during the early stage of the grain development in comparison to SbDGAT1-1. Heterologous expression of SbDGAT1 genes in TAG deficient H1246 strain restored the TAG accumulation capability with high substrate predilection towards 16:0, 16:1 and 18:1 fatty acids (FA). In parallel, we have identified N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) in SbDGAT1 proteins. To test the efficacy of the N-terminal region, truncated variants of SbDGAT1-1 (designated as SbDGAT1-1(39-515) and SbDGAT1-1(89-515)) were generated and expressed in yeast H1246 strain. Deletion in the N-terminal region resulted in decreased accumulation of TAG and FA (16:0 and 18:0) when compared to the SbDGAT1-1 variant expressed in yeast H1246 strain. The present study provides significant insight in forage sorghum DGAT1 gene function, useful for enhancing the green-forage TAG content through metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Chawla
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kshitija Sinha
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110026, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
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Jeppson S, Demski K, Carlsson AS, Zhu LH, Banaś A, Stymne S, Lager I. Crambe hispanica Subsp. abyssinica Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Specificities Towards Diacylglycerols and Acyl-CoA Reveal Combinatorial Effects That Greatly Affect Enzymatic Activity and Specificity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1442. [PMID: 31798607 PMCID: PMC6863138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Crambe is an oil crop suitable for industrial purposes due to the high content of erucic acid (22:1) in the seed oil. The final acylation of diacylglycerols (DAG) with acyl-CoA in the production of triacylglycerols (oil) is catalyzed by acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes. We identified eight forms of DGATs in crambe and characterized them in microsomal preparations of yeast expressing the enzymes using various acyl-CoAs and both di-6:0-DAG and long-chain DAG species as acyl acceptors. All DGATs accepted 22:1-CoA when using di-6:0-DAG as acyl acceptor. When di-22:1-DAG was the acyl acceptor, the DGAT1 type of enzyme utilized 22:1-CoA at a much-reduced rate compared to assays with sn-1-22:1-sn-2-18:1(oleoyl)-DAG, the most frequently available DAG precursor in crambe seeds. None of the DGAT2 enzymes was able to acylate di-22:1-DAG. Our results indicate that formation of trierucin by crambe DGATs is a limiting step for further increasing the levels of 22:1 in the previously developed transgenic crambe lines due to their poor abilities to acylate di-22:1-DAG. We also show that the acyl-CoA specificities and the enzymatic activities are highly influenced by the fatty acid composition of the DAG acyl acceptor. This finding implies that the use of artificial acyl acceptors (e.g. di-6:0-DAG) may not always reflect the actual acyl-CoA specificities of DGATs in planta. The relevance of the here reported pronounced specificities for specific DAG species exerted by DGAT enzymes is discussed in the context of the findings of DAG pools of distinct catalytic origin in triacylglycerol biosynthesis in the seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jeppson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Simon Jeppson,
| | - Kamil Demski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anders S. Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Zhang H, Dong J, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Ren J, Xing L, Jiang C, Wang X, Wang J, Zhao S, Yu H. Research Progress in Membrane Lipid Metabolism and Molecular Mechanism in Peanut Cold Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:838. [PMID: 31316538 PMCID: PMC6610330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Early sowing has been extensively used in high-latitude areas to avoid drought stress during sowing; however, cold damage has become the key limiting factor of early sowing. To relieve cold stress, plants develop a series of physiological and biochemical changes and sophisticated molecular regulatory mechanisms. The biomembrane is the barrier that protects cells from injury as well as the primary place for sensing cold signals. Chilling tolerance is closely related to the composition, structure, and metabolic process of membrane lipids. This review focuses on membrane lipid metabolism and its molecular mechanism, as well as lipid signal transduction in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under cold stress to build a foundation for explicating lipid metabolism regulation patterns and physiological and molecular response mechanisms during cold stress and to promote the genetic improvement of peanut cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiale Dong
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingyao Ren
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liting Xing
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunji Jiang
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuli Zhao
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiqiu Yu
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Haiqiu Yu,
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Aymé L, Arragain S, Canonge M, Baud S, Touati N, Bimai O, Jagic F, Louis-Mondésir C, Briozzo P, Fontecave M, Chardot T. Arabidopsis thaliana DGAT3 is a [2Fe-2S] protein involved in TAG biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17254. [PMID: 30467384 PMCID: PMC6250708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases 3 (DGAT3) are described as plant cytosolic enzymes synthesizing triacylglycerol. Their protein sequences exhibit a thioredoxin-like ferredoxin domain typical of a class of ferredoxins harboring a [2Fe-2S] cluster. The Arabidopsis thaliana DGAT3 (AtDGAT3; At1g48300) protein is detected in germinating seeds. The recombinant purified protein produced from Escherichia coli, although very unstable, exhibits DGAT activity in vitro. A shorter protein version devoid of its N-terminal putative chloroplast transit peptide, Δ46AtDGAT3, was more stable in vitro, allowing biochemical and spectroscopic characterization. The results obtained demonstrate the presence of a [2Fe-2S] cluster in the protein. To date, AtDGAT3 is the first metalloprotein described as a DGAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Aymé
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Simon Arragain
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Collège de France, Université Paris 6, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris, CEDEX 05, France
| | - Michel Canonge
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Nadia Touati
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Ornella Bimai
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Collège de France, Université Paris 6, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris, CEDEX 05, France
| | - Franjo Jagic
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Christelle Louis-Mondésir
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Pierre Briozzo
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Collège de France, Université Paris 6, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris, CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Thierry Chardot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France.
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23
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Yan B, Xu X, Gu Y, Zhao Y, Zhao X, He L, Zhao C, Li Z, Xu J. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes from maize. Genome 2018; 61:735-743. [PMID: 30092654 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the only rate-limiting step in the pathway of plant oil (TAG) biosynthesis and is involved in plant development. In this study, five DGAT family members were identified from maize genome database. Phylogenetic analysis classified the ZmDGATs into type-I, II, and III clusters. Conserved functional domain analysis revealed that the proteins encoded by ZmDGAT1 contained conserved MBOAT domains, while two ZmDGAT2-encoding proteins harbored LPLAT domains. qRT-PCR analysis showed that ZmDGAT genes exhibited very high relative expression in developing seeds, especially at the early stage of seed development. Under various abiotic stress conditions, differential responses of ZmDGAT genes were observed. An overall significant induction of ZmDGAT genes under cold stress in leaves and a quick and strong response to osmotic stresses in roots were highlighted. This study provides useful information for understanding the roles of DGATs in oil accumulation and stress responses in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Yan
- a Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.,b Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation sciences, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- a Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingnan Gu
- c Remote Sensing Technology Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- a Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xunchao Zhao
- a Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lin He
- a Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changjiang Zhao
- a Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zuotong Li
- a Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- a Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
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Tang G, Xu P, Ma W, Wang F, Liu Z, Wan S, Shan L. Seed-Specific Expression of AtLEC1 Increased Oil Content and Altered Fatty Acid Composition in Seeds of Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:260. [PMID: 29559985 PMCID: PMC5845668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the major oil crops and is the fifth largest source of plant oils in the world. Numerous genes participate in regulating the biosynthesis and accumulation of the storage lipids in seeds or other reservoir organs, among which several transcription factors, such as LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (AtLEC1), LEC2, and WRINKLED1 (WRI1), involved in embryo development also control the lipid reservoir in seeds. In this study, the AtLEC1 gene was transferred into the peanut genome and expressed in a seed-specific manner driven by the NapinA full-length promoter or its truncated 230-bp promoter. Four homozygous transgenic lines, two lines with the longer promoter and the other two with the truncated one, were selected for further analysis. The AtLEC1 mRNA level and the corresponding protein accumulation in different transgenic overexpression lines were altered, and the transgenic plants grew and developed normally without any detrimental effects on major agronomic traits. In the developing seeds of transgenic peanuts, the mRNA levels of a series of genes were upregulated. These genes are associated with fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis and lipid accumulation. The former set of genes included the homomeric ACCase A (AhACC II), the BC subunit of heteromeric ACCase (AhBC4), ketoacyl-ACP synthetase (AhKAS II), and stearoyl-ACP desaturase (AhSAD), while the latter ones were the diacylglycerol acyltransferases and oleosins (AhDGAT1, AhDGAT2, AhOle1, AhOle2, and AhOle3). The oil content and seed weight increased by 4.42-15.89% and 11.1-22.2%, respectively, and the levels of major FA components including stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid changed significantly in all different lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Pingli Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhua Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanji Liu
- Shandong Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shubo Wan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Shan, Shubo Wan,
| | - Lei Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Shan, Shubo Wan,
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25
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Chi X, Zhang Z, Chen N, Zhang X, Wang M, Chen M, Wang T, Pan L, Chen J, Yang Z, Guan X, Yu S. Isolation and functional analysis of fatty acid desaturase genes from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189759. [PMID: 29244878 PMCID: PMC5731756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid desaturases are enzymes that introduce double bonds into fatty acyl chains. Extensive studies of fatty acid desaturases have been done in many plants. However, less is known about the diversity of this gene family in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an important oilseed crop that is cultivated worldwide. RESULTS In this study, twelve novel AhFADs genes were identified and isolated from peanut. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the transcript abundances of AhFAB2-2 and AhFAD3-1 were higher in seeds than in other tissues examined, whereas the AhADS and AhFAD7-1 transcripts were more abundant in leaves. AhFAB2-3, AhFAD3-2, AhFAD4, AhSLD-4, and AhDES genes were highly expressed in flowers, whereas AhFAD7-2, AhSLD-2, and AhSLD-3 were expressed most strongly in stems. During seed development, the expressions of AhFAB2-2, AhFAD3-1, AhFAD7-1, and AhSLD-3 gradually increased in abundance, reached a maximum expression level, and then decreased. The AhFAB2-3, AhFAD3-2, AhFAD4, AhADS, and AhDES transcript levels remained relatively high at the initial stage of seed development, but decreased thereafter. The AhSLD-4 transcript level remained relatively low at the initial stage of seed development, but showed a dramatic increase in abundance at the final stage. The AhFAD7-2 and AhSLD-2 transcript levels remained relatively high at the initial stage of seed development, but then decreased, and finally increased again. The AhFAD transcripts were differentially expressed following exposure to abiotic stresses or abscisic acid. Moreover, the functions of one AhFAD6 and four AhSLD genes were confirmed by heterologous expression in Synechococcus elongates or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides valuable information that improves understanding of the biological roles of FAD genes in fatty acid synthesis, and will help peanut breeders improve the quality of peanut oil via molecular design breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Chi
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhimeng Zhang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Na Chen
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Mian Wang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Mingna Chen
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Pan
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Guan
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shanlin Yu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
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26
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Zheng L, Shockey J, Guo F, Shi L, Li X, Shan L, Wan S, Peng Z. Discovery of a new mechanism for regulation of plant triacylglycerol metabolism: The peanut diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 gene family transcriptome is highly enriched in alternative splicing variants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 219:62-70. [PMID: 29031100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the most important energy storage form in oilseed crops. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the Kennedy pathway of TAG biosynthesis. To date, little is known about the regulation of DGAT activity in peanut (Arachis hypogaea), an agronomically important oilseed crop that is cultivated in many parts of the world. In this study, seven distinct forms of type 1 DGAT (AhDGAT1.1-AhDGAT1.7) were identified, cloned, and characterized. Comparisons of the nucleotide sequences and gene structures revealed many different splicing variants of AhDGAT1, some of which displayed different organ-specific expression patterns. A representative gene (AhDGAT1.1) was transformed into wild-type tobacco and was shown to increase seed fatty acid (FA) content by 14.7%-20.9%. All seven AhDGAT1s were expressed in TAG-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain H1246; the five longest AhDGAT1 variants generated high levels of acyltransferase activity and complemented the free fatty acid lethality phenotype in this strain. The alternative splicing that gives rise to AhDGAT1.2 and AhDGAT1.4 creates predicted protein C-terminal truncations. The proteins encoded by these two variants were not active and did not complement the fatty acid sensitivity in H1246. These results were verified by visualization of intracellular lipid droplets using Nile Red staining. Collectively, the results presented here represent the first comprehensive analysis of the peanut DGAT1 gene family, which, unlike in other published plant DGAT1 sequences, shows widespread alternative splicing that may affect the expression patterns and enzyme activities of some members of the gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zheng
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology, and Physiology of Crops, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jay Shockey
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology, and Physiology of Crops, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lingmin Shi
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology, and Physiology of Crops, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology, and Physiology of Crops, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology, and Physiology of Crops, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shubo Wan
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology, and Physiology of Crops, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Zhenying Peng
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology, and Physiology of Crops, Jinan, 250100, China.
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27
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Zheng L, Shockey J, Bian F, Chen G, Shan L, Li X, Wan S, Peng Z. Variant Amino Acid Residues Alter the Enzyme Activity of Peanut Type 2 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1751. [PMID: 29085382 PMCID: PMC5650624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final step in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis via the acyl-CoA-dependent acylation of diacylglycerol. This reaction is a major control point in the Kennedy pathway for biosynthesis of TAG, which is the most important form of stored metabolic energy in most oil-producing plants. In this study, Arachis hypogaea type 2 DGAT (AhDGAT2) genes were cloned from the peanut cultivar 'Luhua 14.' Sequence analysis of 11 different peanut cultivars revealed a gene family of 8 peanut DGAT2 genes (designated AhDGAT2a-h). Sequence alignments revealed 21 nucleotide differences between the eight ORFs, but only six differences result in changes to the predicted amino acid (AA) sequences. A representative full-length cDNA clone (AhDGAT2a) was characterized in detail. The biochemical effects of altering the AhDGAT2a sequence to include single variable AA residues were tested by mutagenesis and functional complementation assays in transgenic yeast systems. All six mutant variants retained enzyme activity and produced lipid droplets in vivo. The N6D and A26P mutants also displayed increased enzyme activity and/or total cellular fatty acid (FA) content. N6D mutant mainly increased the content of palmitoleic acid, and A26P mutant mainly increased the content of palmitic acid. The A26P mutant grew well both in the presence of oleic and C18:2, but the other mutants grew better in the presence of C18:2. AhDGAT2 is expressed in all peanut organs analyzed, with high transcript levels in leaves and flowers. These levels are comparable to that found in immature seeds, where DGAT2 expression is most abundant in other plants. Over-expression of AhDGAT2a in tobacco substantially increased the FA content of transformed tobacco seeds. Expression of AhDGAT2a also altered transcription levels of endogenous tobacco lipid metabolic genes in transgenic tobacco, apparently creating a larger carbon 'sink' that supports increased FA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zheng
- College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Department of Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jay Shockey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Fei Bian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Department of Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Department of Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Department of Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Department of Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shubo Wan
- College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Department of Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenying Peng, Shubo Wan,
| | - Zhenying Peng
- College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Department of Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenying Peng, Shubo Wan,
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Wei H, Shi Y, Ma X, Pan Y, Hu H, Li Y, Luo M, Gerken H, Liu J. A type-I diacylglycerol acyltransferase modulates triacylglycerol biosynthesis and fatty acid composition in the oleaginous microalga, Nannochloropsis oceanica. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:174. [PMID: 28694845 PMCID: PMC5499063 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosynthetic oleaginous microalgae are considered promising feedstocks for biofuels. The marine microalga, Nannochloropsis oceanica, has been attracting ever-increasing interest because of its fast growth, high triacylglycerol (TAG) content, and available genome sequence and genetic tools. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the last and committed step of TAG biosynthesis in the acyl-CoA-dependent pathway. Previous studies have identified 13 putative DGAT-encoding genes in the genome of N. oceanica, but the functional role of DGAT genes, especially type-I DGAT (DGAT1), remains ambiguous. RESULTS Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1 possesses two DGAT1 genes: NoDGAT1A and NoDGAT1B. Functional complementation demonstrated the capability of NoDGAT1A rather than NoDGAT1B to restore TAG synthesis in a TAG-deficient yeast strain. In vitro DGAT assays revealed that NoDGAT1A preferred saturated/monounsaturated acyl-CoAs and eukaryotic diacylglycerols (DAGs) for TAG synthesis, while NoDGAT1B had no detectable enzymatic activity. Assisted with green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusion, fluorescence microscopy analysis indicated the localization of NoDGAT1A in the chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum (cER) of N. oceanica. NoDGAT1A knockdown caused ~25% decline in TAG content upon nitrogen depletion, accompanied by the reduced C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 in TAG sn-1/sn-3 positions and C18:1 in the TAG sn-2 position. NoDGAT1A overexpression, on the other hand, led to ~39% increase in TAG content upon nitrogen depletion, accompanied by the enhanced C16:0 and C18:1 in the TAG sn-1/sn-3 positions and C18:1 in the TAG sn-2 position. Interestingly, NoDGAT1A overexpression also promoted TAG accumulation (by ~2.4-fold) under nitrogen-replete conditions without compromising cell growth, and TAG yield of the overexpression line reached 0.49 g L-1 at the end of a 10-day batch culture, 47% greater than that of the control line. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our work demonstrates the functional role of NoDGAT1A and sheds light on the underlying mechanism for the biosynthesis of various TAG species in N. oceanica. NoDGAT1A resides likely in cER and prefers to transfer C16 and C18 saturated/monounsaturated fatty acids to eukaryotic DAGs for TAG assembly. This work also provides insights into the rational genetic engineering of microalgae by manipulating rate-limiting enzymes such as DGAT to modulate TAG biosynthesis and fatty acid composition for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehong Wei
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Energy and Resources Engineering and BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Energy and Resources Engineering and BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Xiaonian Ma
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Energy and Resources Engineering and BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MA 21202 USA
| | - Ming Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Henri Gerken
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University Polytechnic campus, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Energy and Resources Engineering and BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
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Jin HH, Jiang JG. Phosphatidic acid phosphatase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase: potential targets for metabolic engineering of microorganism oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3067-77. [PMID: 25672855 DOI: 10.1021/jf505975k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Oleaginous microorganism is becoming one of the most promising oil feedstocks for biodiesel production due to its great advantages in triglyceride (TAG) accumulation. Previous studies have shown that de novo TAG biosynthesis can be divided into two parts: the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (the upstream part which generates acyl-CoAs) and the glycerol-3-phosphate acylation pathway (the downstream part in which three acyl groups are sequentially added onto a glycerol backbone). This review mainly focuses on two enzymes in the G3P pathway, phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT). The former catalyzes a dephosphorylation reaction, and the latter catalyzes a subsequent acylation reaction. Genes, functional motifs, transmembrane domains, action mechanism, and new studies of the two enzymes are discussed in detail. Furthermore, this review also covers diacylglycerol kinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reverse reaction of diacylglycerol formation. In addition, PAP and DGAT are the conjunction points of the G3P pathway, the Kennedy pathway, and the CDP-diacylglycerol pathway (CDP-DAG pathway), and the mutual transformation between TAGs and phospholipids is discussed as well. Given that both the Kennedy and CDP-diacylglycerol pathways are in metabolic interlock (MI) with the G3P pathway, it is suggested that, via metabolic engineering, TAG accumulation can be improved by the two pathways based on the pivotal function of PAP and DGAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Jin
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Caldo KMP, Greer MS, Chen G, Lemieux MJ, Weselake RJ. Purification and properties of recombinant Brassica napus diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:773-8. [PMID: 25687632 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) catalyzes the final step in the acyl-CoA-dependent triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Although the first DGAT1 gene was identified many years ago and the encoded enzyme catalyzes a key step in lipid biosynthesis, no detailed structure-function information is available on the enzyme due to difficulties associated with its purification. This study describes the purification of recombinant Brassica napus DGAT1 (BnaC.DGAT1.a) in active form through solubilization in n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside, cobalt affinity chromatography, and size-exclusion chromatography. Different BnaC.DGAT1.a oligomers in detergent micelles were resolved during the size-exclusion process. BnaC.DGAT1.a was purified 126-fold over the solubilized fraction and exhibited a specific activity of 26 nmol TAG/min/mg protein. The purified enzyme exhibited substrate preference for α-linolenoyl-CoA>oleoyl-CoA=palmitoyl-CoA>linoleoyl-CoA>stearoyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Mark P Caldo
- Alberta Innovates Phytola Centre, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael S Greer
- Alberta Innovates Phytola Centre, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Alberta Innovates Phytola Centre, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Alberta Innovates Phytola Centre, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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