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Ariyasingha NM, Samoilenko A, Birchall JR, Chowdhury MRH, Salnikov OG, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Zhu DC, Qian C, Bradley M, Gelovani JG, Koptyug IV, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Ultra-Low-Cost Disposable Hand-Held Clinical-Scale Propane Gas Hyperpolarizer for Pulmonary Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sensing. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3845-3854. [PMID: 37772716 PMCID: PMC10902876 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are revolutionizing the field of biomedical imaging. Hyperpolarized Xe-129 was recently FDA approved as an inhalable MRI contrast agent for functional lung imaging sensing. Despite success in research settings, modern Xe-129 hyperpolarizers are expensive (up to $1M), large, and complex to site and operate. Moreover, Xe-129 sensing requires specialized MRI hardware that is not commonly available on clinical MRI scanners. Here, we demonstrate that proton-hyperpolarized propane gas can be produced on demand using a disposable, hand-held, clinical-scale hyperpolarizer via parahydrogen-induced polarization, which relies on parahydrogen as a source of hyperpolarization. The device consists of a heterogeneous catalytic reactor connected to a gas mixture storage can containing pressurized hyperpolarization precursors: propylene and parahydrogen (10 bar total pressure). Once the built-in flow valve of the storage can is actuated, the precursors are ejected from the can into a reactor, and a stream of hyperpolarized propane gas is ejected from the reactor. Robust operation of the device is demonstrated for producing proton sensing polarization of 1.2% in a wide range of operational pressures and gas flow rates. We demonstrate that the propylene/parahydrogen gas mixture can retain potency for days in the storage can with a monoexponential decay time constant of 6.0 ± 0.5 days, which is limited by the lifetime of the parahydrogen singlet spin state in the storage container. The utility of the produced sensing agent is demonstrated for phantom imaging on a 3 T clinical MRI scanner located 100 miles from the agent/device preparation site and also for ventilation imaging of excised pig lungs using a 0.35 T clinical MRI scanner. The cost of the device components is less than $35, which we envision can be reduced to less than $5 for mass-scale production. The hyperpolarizer device can be reused, recycled, or disposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwandi M Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Anna Samoilenko
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Md Raduanul H Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - David C Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Michael Bradley
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences, Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Gonda X, Dome P, Erdelyi-Hamza B, Krause S, Elek LP, Sharma SR, Tarazi FI. Invisible wounds: Suturing the gap between the neurobiology, conventional and emerging therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 61:17-29. [PMID: 35716404 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A sharp increase in the prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depression, anxiety, substance use disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has occurred due to the traumatic nature of the persisting COVID-19 global pandemic. PTSD is estimated to occur in up to 25% of individuals following exposure to acute or chronic trauma, and the pandemic has inflicted both forms of trauma on much of the population through both direct physiological attack as well as an inherent upheaval to our sense of safety. However, despite significant advances in our ability to define and apprehend the effects of traumatic events, the neurobiology and neuroanatomical circuitry of PTSD, one of the most severe consequences of traumatic exposure, remains poorly understood. Furthermore, the current psychotherapies or pharmacological options for treatment have limited efficacy, durability, and low adherence rates. Consequently, there is a great need to better understand the neurobiology and neuroanatomy of PTSD and develop novel therapies that extend beyond the current limited treatments. This review summarizes the neurobiological and neuroanatomical underpinnings of PTSD and discusses the conventional and emerging psychotherapies, pharmacological and combined psychopharmacological therapies, including the use of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapies and neuromodulatory interventions, for the improved treatment of PTSD and the potential for their wider applications in other neuropsychiatric disorders resulting from traumatic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Hungary; NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Semmelweis University, Hungary; International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, Russia.
| | - Peter Dome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Hungary; National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery - Nyiro Gyula Hospital, Hungary
| | - Berta Erdelyi-Hamza
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Hungary; Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Hungary
| | - Sandor Krause
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery - Nyiro Gyula Hospital, Hungary; Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Hungary
| | - Livia Priyanka Elek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Hungary; Department of Clinical Psychology, Semmelweis University, Hungary
| | - Samata R Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank I Tarazi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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Raut SB, Marathe PA, van Eijk L, Eri R, Ravindran M, Benedek DM, Ursano RJ, Canales JJ, Johnson LR. Diverse therapeutic developments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicate common mechanisms of memory modulation. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108195. [PMID: 35489438 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by abnormally persistent and distressing memories, is a chronic debilitating condition in need of new treatment options. Current treatment guidelines recommend psychotherapy as first line management with only two drugs, sertraline and paroxetine, approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of PTSD. These drugs have limited efficacy as they only reduce symptoms related to depression and anxiety without producing permanent remission. PTSD remains a significant public health problem with high morbidity and mortality requiring major advances in therapeutics. Early evidence has emerged for the beneficial effects of psychedelics particularly in combination with psychotherapy for management of PTSD, including psilocybin, MDMA, LSD, cannabinoids, ayahuasca and ketamine. MDMA and psilocybin reduce barrier to therapy by increasing trust between therapist and patient, thus allowing for modification of trauma related memories. Furthermore, research into the memory reconsolidation mechanisms has allowed for identification of various pharmacological targets to disrupt abnormally persistent memories. A number of pre-clinical and clinical studies have investigated novel and re-purposed pharmacological agents to disrupt fear memory in PTSD. Novel therapeutic approaches like neuropeptide Y, oxytocin, cannabinoids and neuroactive steroids have also shown potential for PTSD treatment. Here, we focus on the role of fear memory in the pathophysiology of PTSD and propose that many of these new therapeutic strategies produce benefits through the effect on fear memory. Evaluation of recent research findings suggests that while a number of drugs have shown promising results in preclinical studies and pilot clinical trials, the evidence from large scale clinical trials would be needed for these drugs to be incorporated in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket B Raut
- Schools of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Padmaja A Marathe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Liza van Eijk
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Manoj Ravindran
- Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, TAS 7250, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, North-West Private Hospital, Burnie TAS 7320, Australia
| | - David M Benedek
- Centre for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Robert J Ursano
- Centre for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Juan J Canales
- Schools of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Luke R Johnson
- Schools of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, TAS 7250, Australia; Centre for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Dandekar MP, Yin X, Peng T, Devaraj S, Morales R, McPherson DD, Huang SL. Repetitive xenon treatment improves post-stroke sensorimotor and neuropsychiatric dysfunction. J Affect Disord 2022; 301:315-330. [PMID: 34990636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a life-changing event as stroke survivors experience changes in personality, emotions and mood. We investigated the effect of xenon gas encapsulated in liposomes on stroke-generated sensorimotor impairments, and anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes. Ischemic stroke was created by the intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 6 h followed by reperfusion in rats. Xenon-liposome (6 mg/kg, intravenous) treatment was given multiple times starting at 2 h post-ischemia through 6 h (5X), and once-daily for next 3 days. Rats underwent ischemic injury displayed sensorimotor deficits in the adhesive removal, vibrissae-evoked forelimb placement and rotarod tests. These animals also made lesser entries and spent less time on open arms of the elevated-plus maze and swam more in passive mode in the forced swimming test, indicating anxiety- and depression-like behaviors at 28- and 35-days post-injury, respectively. Repeated intravenous treatment with xenon-liposomes ameliorated these behavioral aberrations (p < 0.05). Gut microbiome analysis (16S ribosomal-RNA gene sequencing) showed a decrease in the Clostridium clusters XI, XIVa, XVIII and Lactobacillus bacterium, and increase of the Prevotella in the xenon-liposome group. No microbiota communities were majorly affected across the treatments. Moreover, xenon treatment group showed augmented plasma levels of IL-6 cytokines (∼5 fold) on day-35 post-ischemia, while no change was noticed in the IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and MCP-1 levels. Our data highlights the safety, behavioral recovery and reversal of post-stroke brain injury following xenon-liposome treatment in an extended ischemic model. These results show the potential for this treatment strategy to be translated to patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; presently Manoj P. Dandekar is affiliated with Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Xing Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; CIBQA, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins. Santiago, Chile
| | - David D McPherson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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5
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Philippens IHCHM, Draaisma L, Baarends G, Krugers HJ, Vermetten E. Ketamine treatment upon memory retrieval reduces fear memory in marmoset monkeys. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 50:1-11. [PMID: 33915317 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emotionally arousing experiences are retained very well as seen in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Various lines of evidence indicate that reactivation of these memories renders them labile which offers a potential time-window for intervention. We tested in non-human primates whether ketamine, administered during fear memory reactivation, affected passive (inhibitory) avoidance learning. For the consolidation of contextual emotional memory, the unescapable foot-shock paradigm in a passive avoidance task with two compartments (dark vs illuminated) was used. After entering the dark compartment, marmoset monkeys received four random foot-shocks (1 mA, 4 s) within 15-min. This stressful exposure increased the saliva cortisol and heart rate and impaired REM-sleep (p<0.05). One week later the monkeys were re-exposed to the stressful situation for the reconsolidation of the fearful experience. During the re-exposure the monkeys were treated with ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or saline. In week 3, the monkeys were placed in the experimental setting to test their memory for the fearful experience. In contrast to the vehicle-treated monkeys, who avoided the dark compartment, the ketamine-treated monkeys entered the dark compartment that was previously associated with the fearful experience (p<0.05). Post-mortem analysis of the hippocampus showed that ketamine-treated animals exhibited less doublecortin positive neurons and BrdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus. This study reveals that a single low dose of ketamine, administered upon fear retrieval in monkeys, reduce contextual fear memory and attenuate neurogenesis in the hippocampus. These are important findings for considering ketamine as a potential candidate to target traumatic memories in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid H C H M Philippens
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Animal Science Department, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands.
| | - Laurijn Draaisma
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Animal Science Department, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Guus Baarends
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Animal Science Department, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Harm J Krugers
- Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Vermetten
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; ARQ National Psychotrauma Center, Diemen, the Netherlands
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6
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Gupta PR, Prabhavalkar K. Combination therapy with neuropeptides for the treatment of anxiety disorder. Neuropeptides 2021; 86:102127. [PMID: 33607407 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is a neurological disorder that is characterized by excessive, persistent, and unreasonable worry about everyday things like family, work, money, and relationships. The current therapy used for the treatment has many disadvantages like higher cost, severe adverse reactions, and has suboptimal efficiency. There is a need to look for more innovative approaches for the treatment of anxiety disorder which overcomes the disadvantages of conventional treatment. Recent findings suggest a strong correlation of glutamate with anxiety. Some promising drugs which have a novel mechanism for anxiolytic action are currently under clinical development for generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Similarly, an interrelation of oxytocin with neuropeptide S or glutamate or vasopressin can also be considered for further evaluation for the development of new drugs for anxiety treatment. Anxiolytic drug development is a multi-target approach, with the idea of more efficiently equilibrating perturbed circuits. This review focuses on targeting unconventional targets like the glutamate system, voltage-gated ion channels, and neuropeptides system either alone or in combination for the treatment of anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Ramakant Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM'S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Kedar Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM'S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400 056, India.
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7
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Swiercz AP, Iyer L, Yu Z, Edwards A, Prashant NM, Nguyen BN, Horvath A, Marvar PJ. Evaluation of an angiotensin Type 1 receptor blocker on the reconsolidation of fear memory. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:363. [PMID: 33110066 PMCID: PMC7591922 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) has been shown to decrease fear responses in both humans and rodents. These effects are attributed to modulation of extinction learning, however the contribution of AT1R to alternative memory processes remains unclear. Using classic Pavlovian conditioning combined with radiotelemetry and whole-genome RNA sequencing, we evaluated the effects of the AT1R antagonist losartan on fear memory reconsolidation. Following the retrieval of conditioned auditory fear memory, animals were given a single intraperitoneal injection of losartan or saline. In response to the conditioned stimulus (CS), losartan-treated animals exhibited significantly less freezing at 24 h and 1 week; an effect that was dependent upon memory reactivation and independent of conditioned cardiovascular reactivity. Using an unbiased whole-genome RNA sequencing approach, transcriptomic analysis of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) identified losartan-dependent differences in gene expression during the reconsolidation phase. These findings demonstrate that post-retrieval losartan modifies behavioral and transcriptomic markers of conditioned fear memory, supporting an important regulatory role for this receptor in reconsolidation and as a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for maladaptive fear disorders such as PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Swiercz
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Laxmi Iyer
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Zhe Yu
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Allison Edwards
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - N. M. Prashant
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Bryan N. Nguyen
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Anelia Horvath
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Paul J. Marvar
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA ,grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA
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Aftanas LI, Bazanova OM, Khabarov AN, Pustovoyt SM. Psychophysiological Analysis of Thymoleptic Effects of Xenon in Humans. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:183-186. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yang SR, Hua KF, Chu LJ, Hwu YK, Yang SM, Wu CY, Lin TJ, Weng JC, Zhao H, Hsu WH, Liu FC, Liaw WJ, Ma D, Ka SM, Chen A. Xenon blunts NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improves acute onset of accelerated and severe lupus nephritis in mice. Kidney Int 2020; 98:378-390. [PMID: 32622527 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Xenon, an inert anesthetic gas, is increasingly recognized to possess desirable properties including cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Here we evaluated the effects of xenon on the progression of lupus nephritis (LN) in a mouse model. A two hour exposure of either 70% xenon or 70% nitrogen balanced with oxygen was administered daily for five weeks to female NZB/W F1 mice that had been induced to develop accelerated and severe LN. Xenon treatment improved kidney function and renal histology, and decreased the renal expression of neutrophil chemoattractants, thereby attenuating glomerular neutrophil infiltration. The effects of xenon were mediated primarily by deceasing serum levels of anti-double stranded DNA autoantibody, inhibiting reactive oxygen species production, NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation, ICAM-1 expression, glomerular deposition of IgG and C3 and apoptosis, in the kidney; and enhancing renal hypoxia inducible factor 1-α expression. Proteomic analysis revealed that the treatment with xenon downregulated renal NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated cellular signaling. Similarly, xenon was effective in improving renal pathology and function in a spontaneous LN model in female NZB/W F1 mice. Thus, xenon may have a therapeutic role in treating LN but further studies are warranted to determine applicability to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ruen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Lichieh Julie Chu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Kuang Hwu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Min Yang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yao Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Jung Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chun Weng
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Academy of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hailin Zhao
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Wan-Han Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Cheng Liu
- Department of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jinn Liaw
- Department of Medical Quality, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Academy of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Murkar A, Cayer C, James J, Durst T, Arnason JT, Sanchez-Vindas PE, Otarola Rojas M, Merali Z. Extract and Active Principal of the Neotropical Vine Souroubea sympetala Gilg. Block Fear Memory Reconsolidation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1496. [PMID: 31956309 PMCID: PMC6951415 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Souroubea sympetala Gilg. is a neotropical vine native to Central America, investigated as part of a targeted study of the plant family Marcgraviaceae. Our previous research showed that extract of S. sympetala leaf and small branch extract had anxiolytic effects in animals and acts as an agonist for the GABAA receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site. To date, the potential effects of S. sympetala and its constituents on reconsolidation have not been assessed. Reconsolidation, the process by which formed memories are rendered labile and susceptible to change, may offer a window of opportunity for pharmacological manipulation of learned fear. Here, we assessed the effects of S. sympetala crude extract and isolated phytochemicals (orally administered) on the reconsolidation of conditioned fear. In addition, we explored whether betulin (BE), a closely related molecule to betulinic acid (BA, an active principal component of S. sympetala), has effects on reconsolidation of learned fear and whether BE may synergize with BA to enhance attenuation of learned fear. Method: Male Sprague–Dawley rats received six 1.0-mA continuous foot shocks (contextual training). Twenty-four hours later, rats were re-exposed to the context (but in the absence of foot shocks). Immediately following memory retrieval (recall), rats received oral administration of S. sympetala extract at various doses (8–75 mg/kg) or diazepam (1 mg/kg). In separate experiments, we compared the effects of BA (2 mg/kg), BE (2 mg/kg), and BA + BE (2 mg/kg BA + 2 mg/kg BE). The freezing response was assessed either 24 h later (day 3) or 5 days later (day 7). Effects of phytochemicals on fear expression were also explored using the elevated plus maze paradigm. Results:S. sympetala leaf extract significantly attenuated the reconsolidation of contextual fear at the 25- and 75-mg/kg doses, but not at the 8-mg/kg dose. Furthermore, BA + BE, but not BA or BE alone, attenuated the reconsolidation of learned fear and exerted an anxiolytic-like effect on fear expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Murkar
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research affiliated with the University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Cayer
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research affiliated with the University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jon James
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research affiliated with the University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tony Durst
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John T Arnason
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - M Otarola Rojas
- Herbario Juvenal Valerio Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Zul Merali
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research affiliated with the University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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11
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Dobrovolsky AP, Gedzun VR, Bogin VI, Ma D, Ichim TE, Sukhanova IA, Malyshev AV, Dubynin VA. Beneficial effects of xenon inhalation on behavioral changes in a valproic acid-induced model of autism in rats. J Transl Med 2019; 17:400. [PMID: 31796043 PMCID: PMC6891980 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenon (Xe) is a noble gas that has been used for the last several decades as an anesthetic during surgery. Its antagonistic effect on glutamate subtype of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors resulted in evaluation of this gas for treatment of CNS pathologies, including psychoemotional disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the behavioral effects of acute inhalation of subanesthetic concentrations of Xe and to study the outcomes of Xe exposure in valproic acid (VPA)-induced rodent model of autism. METHODS We have conducted two series of experiments with a battery of behavioral tests aimed to evaluate locomotion, anxiety- and depression-like behavior, and social behavior in healthy, VPA-treated and Xe-exposed young rats. RESULTS We have shown that in healthy animals Xe exposure resulted in acute and delayed decrease of exploratory motivation, partial decrease in risk-taking and depressive-like behavior as well as improved sensorimotor integration during the negative geotaxis test. Acute inhalations of Xe in VPA-exposed animals led to improvement in social behavior, decrease in exploratory motivation, and normalization of behavior in forced-swim test. CONCLUSION Behavioral modulatory effects of Xe are probably related to its generalized action on excitatory/inhibitory balance within the CNS. Our data suggest that subanesthetic short-term exposures to Xe have beneficial effect on several behavioral modalities and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Dobrovolsky
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - V R Gedzun
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Bogin
- Nobilis Therapeutics Inc, Portland, OR, USA
| | - D Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T E Ichim
- Nobilis Therapeutics Inc, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Iu A Sukhanova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Malyshev
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Dubynin
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Uniyal A, Singh R, Akhtar A, Dhaliwal J, Kuhad A, Sah SP. Pharmacological rewriting of fear memories: A beacon for post-traumatic stress disorder. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 870:172824. [PMID: 31778672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychopathological response that develops after exposure to an extreme life-threatening traumatic event. Its prevalence ranges from 0.5% to 14.5% worldwide. Due to the complex pathophysiology of PTSD, currently available treatment approaches are associated with high chances of failure, thus further research to identify better pharmacotherapeutic approaches is needed. The traumatic event associated with fear memories plays an important role in the development of PTSD and could be considered as the main culprit. PTSD patient feels frightened in a safe environment as the memories of the traumatic event are revisited. Neurocircuit involving normal processing of fear memories get disturbed in PTSD hence making a fear memory to remain to dominate even after years of trauma. Persistence of fear memories could be explained by acquisition, re-(consolidation) and extinction triad as all of these processes have been widely explored in preclinical as well as clinical studies and set a therapeutic platform for fear memory associated disorders. This review focuses on neurocircuit and pathophysiology of PTSD in context to fear memories and pharmacological targeting of fear memory for the management of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Uniyal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.) Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghunath Singh
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ansab Akhtar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Jatinder Dhaliwal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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13
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Sartori SB, Singewald N. Novel pharmacological targets in drug development for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107402. [PMID: 31470029 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Current medication for anxiety disorders is suboptimal in terms of efficiency and tolerability, highlighting the need for improved drug treatments. In this review an overview of drugs being studied in different phases of clinical trials for their potential in the treatment of fear-, anxiety- and trauma-related disorders is presented. One strategy followed in drug development is refining and improving compounds interacting with existing anxiolytic drug targets, such as serotonergic and prototypical GABAergic benzodiazepines. A more innovative approach involves the search for compounds with novel mechanisms of anxiolytic action using the growing knowledge base concerning the relevant neurocircuitries and neurobiological mechanisms underlying pathological fear and anxiety. The target systems evaluated in clinical trials include glutamate, endocannabinoid and neuropeptide systems, as well as ion channels and targets derived from phytochemicals. Examples of promising novel candidates currently in clinical development for generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder include ketamine, riluzole, xenon with one common pharmacological action of modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission, as well as the neurosteroid aloradine. Finally, compounds such as D-cycloserine, MDMA, L-DOPA and cannabinoids have shown efficacy in enhancing fear-extinction learning in humans. They are thus investigated in clinical trials as an augmentative strategy for speeding up and enhancing the long-term effectiveness of exposure-based psychotherapy, which could render chronic anxiolytic drug treatment dispensable for many patients. These efforts are indicative of a rekindled interest and renewed optimism in the anxiety drug discovery field, after decades of relative stagnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone B Sartori
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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14
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Koek RJ, Luong TN. Theranostic pharmacology in PTSD: Neurobiology and timing. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 90:245-263. [PMID: 30529001 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent reviews and treatment guidelines regard trauma-focused cognitive-behavior therapies as the treatments of choice for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, many patients do not engage in this treatment when it is available, drop out before completion, or do not respond. Medications remain widely used, alone and in conjunction with psychotherapy, although the limitations of traditional monoamine-based pharmacotherapy are increasingly recognized. This article will review recent developments in psychopharmacology for PTSD, with a focus on current clinical data that apply putative neurobiologic mechanisms to medication use-i.e., a theranostic approach. A theranostic approach however, also requires consideration of timing, pre, peri or post trauma in conjunction with underlying dynamic processes affecting synaptic plasticity, the HPA axis, hippocampal activation, PFC-amygdala circuitry and fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J Koek
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, USA.
| | - Tinh N Luong
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Olive View Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA
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15
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Lisboa SF, Vila-Verde C, Rosa J, Uliana DL, Stern CAJ, Bertoglio LJ, Resstel LB, Guimaraes FS. Tempering aversive/traumatic memories with cannabinoids: a review of evidence from animal and human studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:201-226. [PMID: 30604182 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aversive learning and memory are essential to cope with dangerous and stressful stimuli present in an ever-changing environment. When this process is dysfunctional, however, it is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has been implicated in synaptic plasticity associated with physiological and pathological aversive learning and memory. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS The objective of this study was to review and discuss evidence on how and where in the brain genetic or pharmacological interventions targeting the eCB system would attenuate aversive/traumatic memories through extinction facilitation in laboratory animals and humans. The effect size of the experimental intervention under investigation was also calculated. RESULTS Currently available data indicate that direct or indirect activation of cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor facilitates the extinction of aversive/traumatic memories. Activating CB1 receptors around the formation of aversive/traumatic memories or their reminders can potentiate their subsequent extinction. In most cases, the effect size has been large (Cohen's d ≥ 1.0). The brain areas responsible for the abovementioned effects include the medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and/or hippocampus. The potential role of cannabinoid type-2 (CB2) receptors in extinction learning is now under investigation. CONCLUSION Drugs augmenting the brain eCB activity can temper the impact of aversive/traumatic experiences by diverse mechanisms depending on the moment of their administration. Considering the pivotal role the extinction process plays in PTSD, the therapeutic potential of these drugs is evident. The sparse number of clinical trials testing these compounds in stress-related disorders is a gap in the literature that needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina F Lisboa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Av Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - C Vila-Verde
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Av Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J Rosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Av Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - D L Uliana
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Av Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - C A J Stern
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L J Bertoglio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - L B Resstel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Av Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - F S Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Av Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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16
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Meloni EG, Kaye KT, Venkataraman A, Carlezon WA. PACAP increases Arc/Arg 3.1 expression within the extended amygdala after fear conditioning in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 157:24-34. [PMID: 30458282 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The stress-related neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is implicated in neuromodulation of learning and memory. PACAP can alter synaptic plasticity and has direct actions on neurons in the amygdala and hippocampus that could contribute to its acute and persistent effects on the consolidation and expression of conditioned fear. We recently demonstrated that intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of PACAP prior to fear conditioning (FC) results in initial amnestic-like effects followed by hyper-expression of conditioned freezing with repeated testing, and analyses of immediate-early gene c-Fos expression suggested that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), but not the lateral/basolateral amygdala (LA/BLA) or hippocampus, are involved in these PACAP effects. Here, we extend that work by examining the expression of the synaptic plasticity marker activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg 3.1) after PACAP administration and FC. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with cannula for ICV infusion of PACAP-38 (1.5 µg) or vehicle followed by FC and tests for conditioned freezing. One hour after FC, Arc protein expression was significantly elevated in the CeA and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), interconnected structures that are key elements of the extended amygdala, in rats that received the combination of PACAP + FC. In contrast, Arc expression within the subdivisions of the hippocampus, or the LA/BLA, were unchanged. A subpopulation of Arc-positive cells in both the CeA and BNST also express PKCdelta, an intracellular marker that has been used to identify microcircuits that gate conditioned fear in the CeA. Consistent with our previous findings, on the following day conditioned freezing behavior was reduced in rats that had been given the combination of PACAP + FC-an amnestic-like effect-and Arc expression levels had returned to baseline. Given the established role of Arc in modifying synaptic plasticity and memory formation, our findings suggest that PACAP-induced overexpression of Arc following fear conditioning may disrupt neuroplastic changes within populations of CeA and BNST neurons normally responsible for encoding fear-related cues that, in this case, results in altered fear memory consolidation. Hence, PACAP systems may represent an axis on which stress and experience-driven neurotransmission converge to alter emotional memory, and mediate pathologies that are characteristic of psychiatric illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Meloni
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States.
| | - Karen T Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - Archana Venkataraman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - William A Carlezon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
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17
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Dandekar MP, Peng T, McPherson DD, Quevedo J, Soares JC, Huang SL. Intravenous infusion of xenon-containing liposomes generates rapid antidepressant-like effects. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:140-149. [PMID: 29559371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Similar to ketamine, xenon gas acts as a glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, but devoid of propensity to cause untoward effects. Herein, we loaded xenon gas into a liposomal carrier called xenon-containing liposomes (Xe-liposome) for systemic delivery, and investigated its effect as an antidepressant and also analyzed synaptic biomarkers including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), protein kinase B (AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) in blood and brain. METHODS Xe-liposomes (15 μl/mg) were prepared by a pressurized freeze-thaw method, and injected via the lateral tail vein (0.6 mL/rat) in male Wistar rats. The uncaging of xenon gas from circulating Xe-liposome was facilitated by continuous ultrasound application externally on the neck over the internal common carotid artery. One-hour after Xe-liposome infusion, animals were assessed for depression-like behaviors using a forced swimming test (FST), and spontaneous locomotor activity. Blood, as well as frontal cortex and hippocampal samples were obtained for immunoblotting and/or enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays. RESULTS Acute intravenous infusion of Xe-liposome, at 6 mg/kg, showed an increase in swimming time in the FST (p < 0.006), indicating antidepressant-like phenotypes. Higher doses of Xe-liposomes (9 mg/kg) failed to improve swimming duration. This behavioral discrepancy was not associated with locomotion aberrations, as gross activity of rats remained similar for both doses. In biochemical analyses of frontal cortex, protein levels of BDNF increased by 64%, and enhanced phosphorylation of AKT (43%) and mTOR (93%) was observed at the 6 mg/kg dose level of Xe-liposomes, while these biomarkers and phosphorylated PKC and ERK1/2 levels remained unchanged at the higher dose. Moreover, Xe-liposomal treatment did not change the plasma and protein levels of BDNF, and phosphorylated AKT, mTOR, PKC and ERK1/2 hippocampal expressions. CONCLUSION Xe-liposomes mediate a rapid antidepressant-like effect through activation of AKT/mTOR/BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - David D McPherson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA; Memorial Hermann Heart and Vascular Institute-Texas Medical Center, USA
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jair C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA.
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18
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Gastrin-releasing peptide attenuates fear memory reconsolidation. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:255-262. [PMID: 29191578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP) may play a role in fear learning. The GRP Receptor is expressed in the basolateral amygdala and hippocampus, and central administration of GRP mediates fear learning. The effects of GRP on reconsolidation, however, have been minimally explored. Reconsolidation, the process by which formed memories are rendered labile following recall, provides a window of opportunity for pharmacological intervention. Although evidence suggests the window of opportunity to alter reactivated consolidation memory can be as long as 6 h, shorter intervals have not been extensively investigated. METHOD Male Sprague-Dawley rats received six 1.0 mA continuous footshocks. 24 h later, were re-exposed to the context (shock chamber). Immediately following memory retrieval rats received i.p. injection of GRP (10 nmol/kg), Flumazenil (1 mg/kg), GRP + Flumazenil (10 nmol/kg GRP with 1 mg/kg Flumazenil), or Vehicle. Other groups received GRP or Vehicle at 0, 10, 30, or 60 min post-reactivation. 24 h and 5 days later rats were assessed for fear expression upon re-exposure to the fearful stimulus. RESULTS GRP significantly attenuated the reconsolidation of learned fear when administered immediately (but not 10 min or longer) following recall. Some of the variability in the impact of treatments aimed at disrupting fear memories may be governed, in part, by the time-frame of the reconsolidation window. Our results indicate that the effect of immediate administration persisted for at least 5 days. Co-administration of benzodiazepine-receptor antagonist Flumazenil blocked this effect, suggesting the effect is mediated via a GABAergic mechanism.
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Kredlow MA, Eichenbaum H, Otto MW. Memory creation and modification: Enhancing the treatment of psychological disorders. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2018; 73:269-285. [PMID: 29494172 PMCID: PMC5897133 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the ongoing influence of maladaptive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns is a fundamental feature of many psychological treatments. Accordingly, a clear understanding of the nature of memory adaptation and accommodation to therapeutic learning becomes an important issue for (1) understanding the impact of clinical interventions, and (2) considering innovations in treatment strategies. In this article, we consider advances in the conceptualization of memory processes and memory modification research relative to clinical treatment. We review basic research on the formation of memories, the way in which new learning is integrated within memory structures, and strategies to influence the nature and degree to which new learning is integrated. We then discuss cognitive/behavioral and pharmacological strategies for influencing memory formation in relation to disorder prevention or treatment. Our goal is to foster awareness of current strategies for enhancing therapeutic learning and to encourage research on potential new avenues for memory enhancement in service of the treatment of mental health disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University
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20
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Dobrovolsky A, Ichim TE, Ma D, Kesari S, Bogin V. Xenon in the treatment of panic disorder: an open label study. J Transl Med 2017; 15:137. [PMID: 28610592 PMCID: PMC5470223 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments of panic disorder (PD) are limited by adverse effects, poor efficacy, and need for chronic administration. The established safety profile of subanesthetic concentrations of xenon gas, which is known to act as a glutamate subtype NMDA receptor antagonist, coupled with preclinical studies demonstrating its effects in other anxiety related conditions, prompted us to evaluate its feasibility and efficacy in treatment of patients with PD. METHODS An open-label clinical trial of xenon-oxygen mixture was conducted in 81 patients with PD; group 1 consisting of patients only with PD (N = 42); and group 2 patients with PD and other comorbidities (N = 39). RESULTS Based on the analysis of the results of a number of psychometric scales used in this study (SAS, HADS, CGI), several conclusions can be made: (1) xenon is a potentially effective modality in acute treatment of PD; (2) an anti-panic effect of xenon administration persists for at least 6 months after the completion of the active phase of treatment; (3) xenon inhalation is well tolerated, with the drop-out rates being much lower than that of conventional pharmacotherapy (5.8% vs. 15%); (4) the severity of depressive disorders that frequently accompany PD can be significantly reduced with the use of xenon; (5) xenon may be considered as an alternative to benzodiazepines in conjunction with cognitive-behavioral therapy as a safe modality in treatment of anxiety disorder. CONCLUSIONS These data support the need for randomized double-blind clinical trials to further study xenon-based interventions. Trial registration This clinical trial was retrospectively registered on April 14th, 2017 as ISRCTN15184285 in the ISRCTN database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dobrovolsky
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Mental Health and Addictology, Moscow, Russia.,Nobilis Therapeutics Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Daqing Ma
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neuro-Oncology and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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21
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Ross DA, Arbuckle MR, Travis MJ, Dwyer JB, van Schalkwyk GI, Ressler KJ. An Integrated Neuroscience Perspective on Formulation and Treatment Planning for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Educational Review. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:407-415. [PMID: 28273291 PMCID: PMC5504531 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric illness, increasingly in the public spotlight in the United States due its prevalence in the soldiers returning from combat in Iraq and Afghanistan. This educational review presents a contemporary approach for how to incorporate a modern neuroscience perspective into an integrative case formulation. The article is organized around key neuroscience "themes" most relevant for PTSD. Within each theme, the article highlights how seemingly diverse biological, psychological, and social perspectives all intersect with our current understanding of neuroscience. OBSERVATIONS Any contemporary neuroscience formulation of PTSD should include an understanding of fear conditioning, dysregulated circuits, memory reconsolidation, epigenetics, and genetic factors. Fear conditioning and other elements of basic learning theory offer a framework for understanding how traumatic events can lead to a range of behaviors associated with PTSD. A circuit dysregulation framework focuses more broadly on aberrant network connectivity, including between the prefrontal cortex and limbic structures. In the process of memory reconsolidation, it is now clear that every time a memory is reactivated it becomes momentarily labile-with implications for the genesis, maintenance, and treatment of PTSD. Epigenetic changes secondary to various experiences, especially early in life, can have long-term effects, including on the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, thereby affecting an individual's ability to regulate the stress response. Genetic factors are surprisingly relevant: PTSD has been shown to be highly heritable despite being definitionally linked to specific experiences. The relevance of each of these themes to current clinical practice and its potential to transform future care are discussed. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Together, these perspectives contribute to an integrative, neuroscience-informed approach to case formulation and treatment planning. This may help to bridge the gap between the traditionally distinct viewpoints of clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Melissa R. Arbuckle
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Michael J. Travis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer B. Dwyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gerrit I. van Schalkwyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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22
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Katz I, Palgen M, Murdock J, Martin AR, Farjot G, Caillibotte G. Gas transport during in vitro and in vivo preclinical testing of inert gas therapies. Med Gas Res 2016; 6:14-19. [PMID: 27826419 PMCID: PMC5075678 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.179342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
New gas therapies using inert gases such as xenon and argon are being studied, which require in vitro and in vivo preclinical experiments. Examples of the kinetics of gas transport during such experiments are analyzed in this paper. Using analytical and numerical models, we analyze an in vitro experiment for gas transport to a 96 cell well plate and an in vivo delivery to a small animal chamber, where the key processes considered are the wash-in of test gas into an apparatus dead volume, the diffusion of test gas through the liquid media in a well of a cell test plate, and the pharmacokinetics in a rat. In the case of small animals in a chamber, the key variable controlling the kinetics is the chamber wash-in time constant that is a function of the chamber volume and the gas flow rate. For cells covered by a liquid media the diffusion of gas through the liquid media is the dominant mechanism, such that liquid depth and the gas diffusion constant are the key parameters. The key message from these analyses is that the transport of gas during preclinical experiments can be important in determining the true dose as experienced at the site of action in an animal or to a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Katz
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 78354, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
| | - Marc Palgen
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 78354, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jacqueline Murdock
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 78354, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Andrew R Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2G8, Canada
| | - Géraldine Farjot
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 78354, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Georges Caillibotte
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 78354, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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23
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Sub-anesthetic Xenon Increases Erythropoietin Levels in Humans: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sports Med 2016; 46:1753-1766. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Meloni EG, Venkataraman A, Donahue RJ, Carlezon WA. Bi-directional effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on fear-related behavior and c-Fos expression after fear conditioning in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 64:12-21. [PMID: 26590791 PMCID: PMC4698186 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is implicated in stress regulation and learning and memory. PACAP has neuromodulatory actions on brain structures within the limbic system that could contribute to its acute and persistent effects in animal models of stress and anxiety-like behavior. Here, male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula for infusion of PACAP-38 (0.5, 1, or 1.5 μg) or vehicle followed 30 min later by fear conditioning. Freezing was measured early (1, 4, and 7 days) or following a delay (7, 10, and 13 days) after conditioning. PACAP (1.5 μg) produced a bi-phasic response in freezing behavior across test days: relative to controls, PACAP-treated rats showed a reduction in freezing when tested 1 or 7 days after fear conditioning that evolved into a significant elevation in freezing by the third test session in the early, but not delayed, group. Corticosterone (CORT) levels were significantly elevated in PACAP-treated rats following fear conditioning, but not at the time of testing (Day 1). Brain c-Fos expression revealed PACAP-dependent alterations within, as well as outside of, areas typically implicated in fear conditioning. Our findings raise the possibility that PACAP disrupts fear memory consolidation by altering synaptic plasticity within neurocircuits normally responsible for encoding fear-related cues, producing a type of dissociation or peritraumatic amnesia often seen in people early after exposure to a traumatic event. However, fear memories are retained such that repeated testing and memory reactivation (e.g., re-experiencing) causes the freezing response to emerge and persist at elevated levels. PACAP systems may represent an axis on which stress and exposure to trauma converge to promote maladaptive behavioral responses characteristic of psychiatric illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Meloni
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
| | - Archana Venkataraman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Rachel J Donahue
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - William A Carlezon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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25
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Abstract
Recent developments in NMR hyperpolarization have enabled a wide array of new in vivo molecular imaging modalities, ranging from functional imaging of the lungs to metabolic imaging of cancer. This Concept article explores selected advances in methods for the preparation and use of hyperpolarized contrast agents, many of which are already at or near the phase of their clinical validation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave South AA-1107, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310 (United States)
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, 62901 (United States)
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave South AA-1107, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310 (United States)
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