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Liu Q, Dong S, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Dong B, Shen J, Yang K, Li L, Zhu D. Effects of Long-Term Intervention with Losartan, Aspirin and Atorvastatin on Vascular Remodeling in Juvenile Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041844. [PMID: 36838830 PMCID: PMC9965824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension in adolescents is associated with adverse cardiac and vascular events. In addition to lowering blood pressure, it is not clear whether pharmacological therapy in early life can improve vascular remodeling. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term administration of losartan, aspirin, and atorvastatin on vascular remodeling in juvenile spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Losartan, aspirin, and atorvastatin were administered via gavage at doses of 20, 10, and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively, on SHRs aged 6-22 weeks. Paraffin sections of the blood vessels were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Sirius Red to evaluate the changes in the vascular structure and the accumulation of different types of collagen. The plasma levels of renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone (ALD), endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and neutrophil elastase (NE) were determined using ELISA kits. After the 16-week treatment with losartan, aspirin, and atorvastatin, the wall thickness of the thoracic aorta and carotid artery decreased. The integrity of the elastic fibers in the tunica media was maintained in an orderly manner, and collagen deposition in the adventitia was retarded. The plasma levels of renin, ALD, ET-1, IL-6, and NE in the SHRs also decreased. These findings suggest that losartan, aspirin, and atorvastatin could improve vascular remodeling beyond their antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering effects. Many aspects of the protection provided by pharmacological therapy are important for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in adults and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yubo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Core Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Core Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Kang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Linsen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-158-1089-2058 (D.Z.)
| | - Dan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-158-1089-2058 (D.Z.)
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2
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Yu J, Wang W, Yang J, Zhang Y, Gong X, Luo H, Cao N, Xu Z, Tian M, Yang P, Mei Q, Chen Z, Li Z, Li C, Duan X, Lyu QR, Gao C, Zhang B, Wang Y, Wu G, Zeng C. LncRNA PSR Regulates Vascular Remodeling Through Encoding a Novel Protein Arteridin. Circ Res 2022; 131:768-787. [PMID: 36134578 PMCID: PMC9588624 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype switch from contractile to proliferative phenotype is a pathological hallmark in various cardiovascular diseases. Recently, a subset of long noncoding RNAs was identified to produce functional polypeptides. However, the functional impact and regulatory mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs in VSMCs phenotype switching remain to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES To illustrate the biological function and mechanism of a VSMC-enriched long noncoding RNA and its encoded peptide in VSMC phenotype switching and vascular remodeling. RESULTS We identified a VSMC-enriched transcript encoded by a previously uncharacterized gene, which we called phenotype switching regulator (PSR), which was markedly upregulated during vascular remodeling. Although PSR was annotated as a long noncoding RNA, we demonstrated that the lncPSR (PSR transcript) also encoded a protein, which we named arteridin. In VSMCs, both arteridin and lncPSR were necessary and sufficient to induce phenotype switching. Mechanistically, arteridin and lncPSR regulate downstream genes by directly interacting with a transcription factor YBX1 (Y-box binding protein 1) and modulating its nuclear translocation and chromatin targeting. Intriguingly, the PSR transcription was also robustly induced by arteridin. More importantly, the loss of PSR gene or arteridin protein significantly attenuated the vascular remodeling induced by carotid arterial injury. In addition, VSMC-specific inhibition of lncPSR using adeno-associated virus attenuated Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced hypertensive vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS PSR is a VSMC-enriched gene, and its transcript IncPSR and encoded protein (arteridin) coordinately regulate transcriptional reprogramming through a shared interacting partner, YBX1. This is a previously uncharacterized regulatory circuit in VSMC phenotype switching during vascular remodeling, with lncPSR/arteridin as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of VSMC phenotype switching-related vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jining Yang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Nian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zaicheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Peili Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Mei
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhuxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chuanwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Duan
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qing Rex Lyu
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Signature Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Duke-NUS School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Gengze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
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Zhuang C, Yi G, Wang W, Sun R, Qi M, Yu J. Sacubitril/Valsartan Improves Sexual Function and Fibrosis of the Clitoral and Vaginal Tissues in Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:858-872. [PMID: 35266909 PMCID: PMC9162275 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Female sexual dysfunction is common in hypertension. The effects of sacubitril/valsartan (SAC/VAL) as a potential therapy for hypertension and heart failure have not been studied in relation to sexual function and genital fibrosis in female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Thirty female SHRs were administered VAL, SAC/VAL, or saline. Ten normotensive female Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were included in the control group. We assessed estrous cyclicity and sexual behavior in the female rats. In addition, the morphology of clitoral and vaginal tissues was evaluated by histological analyses. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the levels of fibrotic markers in vaginal and clitoral tissues. Furthermore, the protein levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), and AKT expression were measured by Western blotting. SAC/VAL treatment improved hypertension-induced sexual dysfunction, exhibited as a prolonged estrus phase, increased receptivity and proceptive events, and decreased aggressive events, compared with those of VAL treatment and control SHRs without treatments. In addition, SAC/VAL-treated SHRs had lower levels of fibrotic markers, estradiol, and estrogen receptor α/β than the levels of VAL-treated SHRs or SHRs without treatment. Moreover, SAC/VAL decreased p-PTEN expression and increased p-PI3K and p-AKT expression at the protein level compared with those in VAL treatment alone. VAL and SAC/VAL treatments have significantly increased sexual receptivity and proceptivity, decreased aggressiveness, and improved the fibrosis of vaginal and clitoral tissues in female SHRs. However, SAC/VAL treatment shows more effective results compared with VAL treatment, which may be related to the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhuang
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and
| | - Guozi Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and
| | - Runmin Sun
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and
| | - Miaomiao Qi
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and
| | - Jing Yu
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and
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Tropocollagen springs allow collagen fibrils to stretch elastically. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:185-193. [PMID: 35081430 PMCID: PMC8982519 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of connective tissues are tailored to their specific function, and changes can lead to dysfunction and pathology. In most mammalian tissues the mechanical environment is governed by the micro- and nano-scale structure of collagen and its interaction with other tissue components, however these hierarchical properties remain poorly understood. In this study we use the human cornea as a model system to characterise and quantify the dominant deformation mechanisms of connective tissue in response to cyclic loads of physiological magnitude. Synchronised biomechanical testing, x-ray scattering and 3D digital image correlation revealed the presence of two dominant mechanisms: collagen fibril elongation due to a largely elastic, spring-like straightening of tropocollagen supramolecular twist, and a more viscous straightening of fibril crimp that gradually increased over successive loading cycles. The distinct mechanical properties of the two mechanisms suggest they have separate roles in vivo. The elastic, spring-like mechanism is fast-acting and likely responds to stresses associated with the cardiac cycle, while the more viscous crimp mechanism will respond to slower processes, such as postural stresses. It is anticipated that these findings will have broad applicability to understanding the normal and pathological functioning of other connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels that exhibit both helical structures and crimp. Statement of significance The tropocollagen spring mechanism allows collagen fibrils from some tissues to elongate significantly under small loads, and its recent discovery has the potential to change our fundamental understanding of how tissue deforms. This time-resolved study quantifies the contribution of the spring mechanism to the local strain in stretched tissue and compares it to the contribution associated with the straightening of fibril waviness, the widely accepted primary low-load strain mechanism. The spring mechanism contributed more to the local tissue strain than fibril straightening, and was found to be elastic while fibril straightening was more viscous. The results suggest that the viscoelastic behaviour of a biomaterial is controlled, at least in part, by the relative amount of fibril-scale crimp and tropocollagen supramolecular twist.
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5
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Kloza M, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Toczek M, Kusaczuk M, Sadowska O, Kasacka I, Kozłowska H. Modulation of Cardiovascular Function in Primary Hypertension in Rat by SKA-31, an Activator of KCa2.x and KCa3.1 Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174118. [PMID: 31450834 PMCID: PMC6747311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic effects of SKA-31, an activator of the small (KCa2.x) and intermediate (KCa3.1) conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, and to evaluate its influence on endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-KCa2.3/KCa3.1 type relaxation in isolated endothelium-intact small mesenteric arteries (sMAs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Functional in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed on SHRs or their normotensive controls, Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). SKA-31 (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) caused a brief decrease in blood pressure and bradycardia in both SHR and WKY rats. In phenylephrine-pre-constricted sMAs of SHRs, SKA-31 (0.01–10 µM)-mediated relaxation was reduced and SKA-31 potentiated acetylcholine-evoked endothelium-dependent relaxation. Endothelium denudation and inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) by the respective inhibitors l-NAME or indomethacin, attenuated SKA-31-mediated vasorelaxation. The inhibition of KCa3.1, KCa2.3, KIR and Na+/K+-ATPase by TRAM-34, UCL1684, Ba2+ and ouabain, respectively, reduced the potency and efficacy of the EDH-response evoked by SKA-31. The mRNA expression of eNOS, prostacyclin synthase, KCa2.3, KCa3.1 and KIR were decreased, while Na+/K+-ATPase expression was increased. Collectively, SKA-31 promoted hypotension and vasodilatation, potentiated agonist-stimulated vasodilation, and maintained KCa2.3/KCa3.1-EDH-response in sMAs of SHR with downstream signaling that involved KIR and Na+/K+-ATPase channels. In view of the importance of the dysfunction of endothelium-mediated vasodilatation in the mechanism of hypertension, application of activators of KCa2.3/KCa3.1 channels such as SKA-31 seem to be a promising avenue in pharmacotherapy of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Toczek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kusaczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Olga Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
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Zhong Y, Feng X, Xu T, Yang C, Zhang W, Chen X, Fan X, Lu L, Zhang M, Li L, Xu Z. Inherited risk plus prenatal insult caused malignant dysfunction in mesenteric arteries in adolescent SHR offspring. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215994. [PMID: 31017969 PMCID: PMC6481862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia can induce cardiovascular diseases in the offspring. This study determined whether and how prenatal hypoxia may cause malignant hypertension and impaired vascular functions in spontaneous hypertension rat (SHR) offspring at adolescent stage. Pregnant SHR were placed in a hypoxic chamber (11% O2) or normal environment (21% O2) from gestational day 6 until birth. Body weight and blood pressure (BP) of SHR offspring were measured every week from 5 weeks old. Mesenteric arteries were tested. Gestational hypoxia resulted in growth restriction during 6-12 weeks and a significant elevation in systolic pressure in adolescent offspring at 12 weeks old. Notably, endothelial vasodilatation of mesenteric arteries was impaired in SHR adolescent offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia, vascular responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were reduced, as well as plasma nitric oxide levels and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in vessels were decreased. Moreover, mesenteric arteries in SHR offspring following prenatal hypoxia showed enhanced constriction responses to phenylephrine (PE), associated with up-regulated activities of L-type calcium channel (Ca2+-dependent), RhoA/Rock pathway signaling (Ca2+-sensitization), and intracellular Ca2+ flow. Pressurized myograph demonstrated altered mechanical properties with aggravated stiffness in vessels, while histological analysis revealed vascular structural disorganization in prenatal hypoxia offspring. The results demonstrated that blood pressure and vascular function in young SHR offspring were affected by prenatal hypoxia, providing new information on development of hypertension in adolescent offspring with inherited hypertensive backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhong
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueqin Feng
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunli Yang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (LL)
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Prenatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZX); (LL)
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Naessens DMP, de Vos J, VanBavel E, Bakker ENTP. Blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Fluids Barriers CNS 2018; 15:26. [PMID: 30244677 PMCID: PMC6151927 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is an important risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, including stroke and dementia. Both in humans and animal models of hypertension, neuropathological features such as brain atrophy and oedema have been reported. We hypothesised that cerebrovascular damage resulting from chronic hypertension would manifest itself in a more permeable blood–brain barrier and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier. In addition, more leaky barriers could potentially contribute to an enhanced interstitial fluid and cerebrospinal fluid formation, which could, in turn, lead to an elevated intracranial pressure. Methods To study this, we monitored intracranial pressure and estimated the cerebrospinal fluid production rate in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats (Wistar Kyoto, WKY) at 10 months of age. Blood–brain barrier and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity was determined by measuring the leakage of fluorescein from the circulation into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid compartment. Prior to sacrifice, a fluorescently labelled lectin was injected into the bloodstream to visualise the vasculature and subsequently study a number of specific vascular characteristics in six different brain regions. Results Blood and brain fluorescein levels were not different between the two strains. However, cerebrospinal fluid fluorescein levels were significantly lower in SHR. This could not be explained by a difference in cerebrospinal fluid turnover, as cerebrospinal fluid production rates were similar in SHR and WKY, but may relate to a larger ventricular volume in the hypertensive strain. Also, intracranial pressure was not different between SHR and WKY. Morphometric analysis of capillary volume fraction, number of branches, capillary diameter, and total length did not reveal differences between SHR and WKY. Conclusion In conclusion, we found no evidence for blood–brain barrier or blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier leakage to a small solute, fluorescein, in rats with established hypertension. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12987-018-0112-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne M P Naessens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith de Vos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ed VanBavel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik N T P Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Bloksgaard M, Thorsted B, Brewer JR, De Mey JGR. Assessing Collagen and Elastin Pressure-dependent Microarchitectures in Live, Human Resistance Arteries by Label-free Fluorescence Microscopy. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29683445 DOI: 10.3791/57451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic contribution of resistance artery remodeling is documented in essential hypertension, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Investigations and development of microstructurally motivated mathematical models for understanding the mechanical properties of human resistance arteries in health and disease have the potential to aid understanding how disease and medical treatments affect the human microcirculation. To develop these mathematical models, it is essential to decipher the relationship between the mechanical and microarchitectural properties of the microvascular wall. In this work, we describe an ex vivo method for passive mechanical testing and simultaneous label-free three-dimensional imaging of the microarchitecture of elastin and collagen in the arterial wall of isolated human resistance arteries. The imaging protocol can be applied to resistance arteries of any species of interest. Image analyses are described for quantifying i) pressure-induced changes in internal elastic lamina branching angles and adventitial collagen straightness using Fiji and ii) collagen and elastin volume densities determined using Ilastik software. Preferably all mechanical and imaging measurements are performed on live, perfused arteries, however, an alternative approach using standard video-microscopy pressure myography in combination with post-fixation imaging of re-pressurized vessels is discussed. This alternative method provides users with different options for analysis approaches. The inclusion of the mechanical and imaging data in mathematical models of the arterial wall mechanics is discussed, and future development and additions to the protocol are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bloksgaard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark;
| | - Bjarne Thorsted
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Jonathan R Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Jo G R De Mey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital
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Ramirez-Lee MA, Aguirre-Bañuelos P, Martinez-Cuevas PP, Espinosa-Tanguma R, Chi-Ahumada E, Martinez-Castañon GA, Gonzalez C. Evaluation of cardiovascular responses to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:385-395. [PMID: 29175596 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in the medical, pharmaceutical and food industry. Adverse effects and toxicity induced by AgNPs upon cardiac function related to nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress (OS) are described. AgNPs-toxicity may be influenced by cardiovascular pathologies such as hypertension. However, the molecules involved under pathophysiological conditions are not well studied. The aim of this work was to evaluate perfusion pressure (PP) and left ventricle pressure (LVP) as physiological parameters of cardiovascular function in response to AgNPs, using isolated perfused hearts from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and identify the role of NO and OS. The results suggest that AgNPs reduced NO derived from endothelial/inducible NO-synthase and increased OS, leading to increased and sustained vasoconstriction and myocardial contractility. Additionally, the hypertension condition alters phenylephrine (Phe) and acetylcholine (ACh) classic effects. These data suggest that hypertension intensified AgNPs-cardiotoxicity. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism of action is still under elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Aguirre-Bañuelos
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
| | | | | | - Erika Chi-Ahumada
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis, S.L.P., Mexico
| | | | - Carmen Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico.
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10
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Bloksgaard M, Leurgans TM, Spronck B, Heusinkveld MHG, Thorsted B, Rosenstand K, Nissen I, Hansen UM, Brewer JR, Bagatolli LA, Rasmussen LM, Irmukhamedov A, Reesink KD, De Mey JGR. Imaging and modeling of acute pressure-induced changes of collagen and elastin microarchitectures in pig and human resistance arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H164-H178. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00110.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The impact of disease-related changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) on the mechanical properties of human resistance arteries largely remains to be established. Resistance arteries from both pig and human parietal pericardium (PRA) display a different ECM microarchitecture compared with frequently used rodent mesenteric arteries. We hypothesized that the biaxial mechanics of PRA mirror pressure-induced changes in the ECM microarchitecture. This was tested using isolated pig PRA as a model system, integrating vital imaging, pressure myography, and mathematical modeling. Collagenase and elastase digestions were applied to evaluate the load-bearing roles of collagen and elastin, respectively. The incremental elastic modulus linearly related to the straightness of adventitial collagen fibers circumferentially and longitudinally (both R2 ≥ 0.99), whereas there was a nonlinear relationship to the internal elastic lamina elastin fiber branching angles. Mathematical modeling suggested a collagen recruitment strain (means ± SE) of 1.1 ± 0.2 circumferentially and 0.20 ± 0.01 longitudinally, corresponding to a pressure of ~40 mmHg, a finding supported by the vital imaging. The integrated method was tested on human PRA to confirm its validity. These showed limited circumferential distensibility and elongation and a collagen recruitment strain of 0.8 ± 0.1 circumferentially and 0.06 ± 0.02 longitudinally, reached at a distending pressure below 20 mmHg. This was confirmed by vital imaging showing negligible microarchitectural changes of elastin and collagen upon pressurization. In conclusion, we show here, for the first time in resistance arteries, a quantitative relationship between pressure-induced changes in the extracellular matrix and the arterial wall mechanics. The strength of the integrated methods invites for future detailed studies of microvascular pathologies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to quantitatively relate pressure-induced microstructural changes in resistance arteries to the mechanics of their wall. Principal findings using a pig model system were confirmed in human arteries. The combined methods provide a strong tool for future hypothesis-driven studies of microvascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bloksgaard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas M. Leurgans
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten H. G. Heusinkveld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bjarne Thorsted
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Rosenstand
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Inger Nissen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulla M. Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonathan R. Brewer
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Luis A. Bagatolli
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars M. Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Akhmadjon Irmukhamedov
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Koen D. Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jo G. R. De Mey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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11
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Peripheral and Cerebral Resistance Arteries in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure Rat: Effects of Stilbenoid Polyphenols. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030380. [PMID: 28264510 PMCID: PMC6155253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with aberrant structure and mechanical properties of resistance arteries. We determined the effects of resveratrol, a non-flavonoid polyphenol found in foods such as red grapes, and structurally-similar analogues (pterostilbene and gnetol) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and resistance arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive heart failure (SHHF) rat. SBP was elevated in 17-week-old SHHF vs. Sprague-Dawley rats (normotensive control; 194 ± 3 vs. 142 ± 6 mmHg, p < 0.01) and was unaffected by resveratrol, pterostilbene, or gnetol (2.5 mg/kg/d). Geometry and mechanical properties of pressurized mesenteric resistance arteries and middle cerebral arteries were calculated from media and lumen dimensions measured at incremental intraluminal pressures. SHHF arteries exhibited remodeling which consisted of augmented media-to-lumen ratios, and this was attenuated by stilbenoid treatment. Compliance was significantly reduced in SHHF middle cerebral arteries but not mesenteric arteries vis-à-vis increased wall component stiffness; stilbenoid treatment failed to normalize compliance and wall component stiffness. Our data suggest that neither AMPK nor ERK mediate stilbenoid effects. In conclusion, we observed arterial bed-specific abnormalities, where mesenteric resistance arteries exhibited remodeling and cerebral arteries exhibited remodeling and stiffening. Resveratrol, pterostilbene, and gnetol exhibited similar abilities to attenuate vascular alterations.
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12
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(-)-Epicatechin Prevents Blood Pressure Increase and Reduces Locomotor Hyperactivity in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6949020. [PMID: 27885334 PMCID: PMC5112311 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6949020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of subchronic (−)-epicatechin (Epi) treatment on locomotor activity and hypertension development in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Epi was administered in drinking water (100 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Epi significantly prevented the development of hypertension (138 ± 2 versus 169 ± 5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and reduced total distance traveled in the open-field test (22 ± 2 versus 35 ± 4 m, p < 0.01). In blood, Epi significantly enhanced erythrocyte deformability, increased total antioxidant capacity, and decreased nitrotyrosine concentration. In the aorta, Epi significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) activity and elevated the NO-dependent vasorelaxation. In the left heart ventricle, Epi increased NOS activity without altering gene expressions of nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS. Moreover, Epi reduced superoxide production in the left heart ventricle and the aorta. In the brain, Epi increased nNOS gene expression (in the brainstem and cerebellum) and eNOS expression (in the cerebellum) but had no effect on overall NOS activity. In conclusion, Epi prevented the development of hypertension and reduced locomotor hyperactivity in young SHR. These effects resulted from improved cardiovascular NO bioavailability concurrently with increased erythrocyte deformability, without changes in NO production in the brain.
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13
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Ling WC, Murugan DD, Lau YS, Vanhoutte PM, Mustafa MR. Sodium nitrite exerts an antihypertensive effect and improves endothelial function through activation of eNOS in the SHR. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33048. [PMID: 27616322 PMCID: PMC5018809 DOI: 10.1038/srep33048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) induces relaxation in isolated arteries partly through an endothelium-dependent mechanism involving NO-eNOS-sGC-cGMP pathway. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic NaNO2 administration on arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP) and vascular function in hypertensive rats. NaNO2 (150 mg L−1) was given in drinking water for four weeks to spontaneously (SHR) and Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) treated hypertensive SD rats. Arterial SBP and vascular function in isolated aortae were studied. Total plasma nitrate/nitrite and vascular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were measured using commercially available assay kits. Vascular nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated by DAF-FM fluorescence while the proteins involved in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation was determined by Western blotting. NaNO2 treatment reduced SBP, improved the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation, increased plasma total nitrate/nitrite level and vascular tissue NO and cGMP levels in SHR. Furthermore, increased presence of phosphorylated eNOS and Hsp-90 was observed in NaNO2-treated SHR. The beneficial effect of nitrite treatment was not observed in L-NAME treated hypertensive SD rats. The present study provides evidence that chronic treatment of genetically hypertensive rats with NaNO2 improves endothelium-dependent relaxation in addition to its antihypertensive effect, partly through mechanisms involving activation of eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chih Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yeh Siang Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy and University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Palao T, Rippe C, van Veen H, VanBavel E, Swärd K, Bakker ENTP. Thrombospondin-4 knockout in hypertension protects small-artery endothelial function but induces aortic aneurysms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1486-93. [PMID: 26968543 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00046.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4) is a multidomain calcium-binding protein that has both intracellular and extracellular functions. As an extracellular matrix protein, it is involved in remodeling processes. Previous work showed that, in the cardiovascular system, TSP-4 expression is induced in the heart in response to experimental pressure overload and infarction injury. Intracellularly, it mediates the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the heart. In this study, we explored the role of TSP-4 in hypertension. For this purpose, wild-type and TSP-4 knockout (Thbs4(-/-)) mice were treated with angiotensin II (ANG II). Hearts from ANG II-treated Thbs4(-/-) mice showed an exaggerated hypertrophic response. Interestingly, aortas from Thbs4(-/-) mice treated with ANG II showed a high incidence of aneurysms. In resistance arteries, ANG II-treated wild-type mice showed impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation. This was not observed in ANG II-treated Thbs4(-/-) mice or in untreated controls. No differences were found in the passive pressure-diameter curves or stress-strain relationships, although ANG II-treated Thbs4(-/-) mice showed a tendency to be less stiff, associated with thicker diameters of the collagen fibers as revealed by electron microscopy. We conclude that TSP-4 plays a role in hypertension, affecting cardiac hypertrophy, aortic aneurysm formation, as well as endothelial-dependent relaxation in resistance arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Palao
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; and
| | - Henk van Veen
- Cell Biology and Histology, Core Facility Cellular Imaging, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ed VanBavel
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karl Swärd
- Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; and
| | - Erik N T P Bakker
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
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15
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Minarchick VC, Stapleton PA, Sabolsky EM, Nurkiewicz TR. Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticle Exposure Improves Microvascular Dysfunction and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2015; 6:339. [PMID: 26635625 PMCID: PMC4646966 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular wall is associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. This increase in oxidative stress contributes to various mechanisms of vascular dysfunction, such as decreased nitric oxide bioavailability. Therefore, anti-oxidants are being researched to decrease the high levels of ROS, which could improve the microvascular dysfunction associated with various cardiovascular diseases. From a therapeutic perspective, cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NP) hold great anti-oxidant potential, but their in vivo activity is unclear. Due to this potential anti-oxidant action, we hypothesize that injected CeO2 NP would decrease microvascular dysfunction and oxidative stress associated with hypertension. In order to simulate a therapeutic application, spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were intravenously injected with either saline or CeO2 NP (100 μg suspended in saline). Twenty-four hours post-exposure mesenteric arteriolar reactivity was assessed via intravital microscopy. Endothelium-dependent and –independent function was assessed via acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Microvascular oxidative stress was analyzed using fluorescent staining in isolated mesenteric arterioles. Finally, systemic inflammation was examined using a multiplex analysis and venular leukocyte flux was counted. Endothelium-dependent dilation was significantly decreased in the SH rats (29.68 ± 3.28%, maximal response) and this microvascular dysfunction was significantly improved following CeO2 NP exposure (43.76 ± 4.33%, maximal response). There was also an increase in oxidative stress in the SH rats, which was abolished following CeO2 NP treatment. These results provided evidence that CeO2 NP act as an anti-oxidant in vivo. There were also changes in the inflammatory profile in the WKY and SH rats. In WKY rats, IL-10 and TNF-α were increased following CeO2 NP treatment. Finally, leukocyte flux was increased in the SH rats (34 ± 4 vs. 17 ± 3 cells/min in the normotensive controls), but this activation was decreased following exposure (15 ± 2 vs. 34 ± 4 cells/min). These results indicated that CeO2 NP may alter the inflammatory response in both SH and WKY rats. Taken together, these results provide evidence that CeO2 NP act as an anti-oxidant in vivo and may improve microvascular reactivity in a model of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie C Minarchick
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown, WV, USA ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Phoebe A Stapleton
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown, WV, USA ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Edward M Sabolsky
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown, WV, USA ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown, WV, USA
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16
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Palao T, Swärd K, Jongejan A, Moerland PD, de Vos J, van Weert A, Arribas SM, Groma G, vanBavel E, Bakker ENTP. Gene Expression and MicroRNA Expression Analysis in Small Arteries of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Evidence for ER Stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137027. [PMID: 26356734 PMCID: PMC4565692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Small arteries are known to develop functional and structural alterations in hypertension. However, the mechanisms of this remodeling are not fully understood. We hypothesized that altered gene expression is associated with the development of hypertension in mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Three sublines of SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were studied at 6 weeks and 5 months of age. MiRNA and mRNA microarray experiments were performed and analyzed with bioinformatical tools, including Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Principal component analysis showed a clear separation in both miRNA and mRNA expression levels between both ages studied, demonstrating strong age-related changes in expression. At the miRNA level, IPA identified differences between SHR and WKY related to metabolic diseases, cellular growth, and proliferation. The mRNAs differentially expressed between SHR and WKY were related to metabolism, cellular movement and proliferation. The most strongly upregulated gene (9.2-fold) was thrombospondin 4 (Thbs4), a protein involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response that activates transcription factor 6α (ATF6α). ATF6α downstream targets were also differentially expressed in SHR vs. WKY. Differential expression of THBS4, the cleaved form of ATF6α, and two of its targets were further confirmed at the protein level by western blot. In summary, these data revealed a number of genes (n = 202) and miRNAs (n = 3) in mesenteric arteries of SHR that had not been related to hypertension previously. The most prominent of these, Thbs4, is related to vascular ER stress that is associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Palao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Perry D. Moerland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith de Vos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela van Weert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia M. Arribas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gergely Groma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ed vanBavel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik N. T. P. Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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