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Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Clemente-Suárez VJ, de Souza-Lima J, Ferrari G, Hurtado-Almonacid J, Zavala-Crichton JP, Hinojosa-Torres C, Reyes-Amigo T, Páez-Herrera J, Cortés-Roco G, Valdivia-Moral P, Olivares-Arancibia J, Mahecha-Matsudo S. Cardiorespiratory fitness and socioeconomic influences in Chilean schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024:S0021-7557(24)00094-9. [PMID: 39128827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the cardiovascular risk and physical fitness, according to type of school in a national sample of Chilean school students. METHODS A total of 7,218 students participated, who completed all the national tests of the National System for Measuring the Quality of Education, which included physical fitness and anthropometric tests. The results were compared according to the type of educational establishment and anthropometric indicators were considered. Physical fitness was measured by lower extremity strength, abdominal strength, upper extremity strength, trunk flexibility, exertional heart rate, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Body mass index, heart rate, and waist-to-height ratio were analyzed as predictors of cardiovascular risk. RESULTS There were differences according to the type of establishment in the predictors of cardiovascular risk (p < 0.05). Differences were also found in the physical fitness tests evaluated (p < 0.01). Students in private schools (PSC) and subsidized schools (SC) had lower levels of cardiovascular risk and higher levels of physical fitness than public schools (PS) and schools with delegated administration (DA). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, students in educational establishments with a higher socioeconomic level have lower levels of cardiovascular risk and better physical fitness than students in public establishments. The authors suggest considering specific school interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk and improve physical fitness among this vulnerable population. To this end, future studies should analyze the characteristics of physical activity and nutritional habits in schools to determine the factors that affect the results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de la Costa, Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Josivaldo de Souza-Lima
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Instituto del Deporte yBienestar, Las Condes, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Providencia, Chile; Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Tomás Reyes-Amigo
- Universidad de Playa Ancha, Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Observatorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física (OCAF), Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | | | - Pedro Valdivia-Moral
- Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Educación, Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- Universidad de las Américas, Facultad de Educación, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Grupo AFySE, Santiago, Chile.
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2
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Marques A, Demetriou Y, Popovic S, Gardasevic J, Masanovic B, Martins J, Gouveia ÉR, Tsiatsos T, Douka S, Jarani J, Peralta M. Healthy fitness zone prevalence and age-specific fitness profile of young people in seven European countries in 2022: The EUFITMOS project. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e23989. [PMID: 37732555 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical fitness is a health marker in youth and is associated with current and future health. OBJECTIVE Present the healthy fitness zone (HFZ) prevalence and age-specific fitness profile of young people from seven European countries. METHODS This study used data from the European Fitness Monitoring System project. The sample comprised 4965 (51.4% boys) youths aged 9 to 18 years. Fitness data were collected by physical education teachers using field-based tests. Raw data from the fitness tests were used to calculate the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of participants in the HFZ. RESULTS The overall prevalence of boys and girls in the HFZ for all tests was 16.6% (95% CI = 14.7, 18.1) and 14.9% (95% CI = 13.2, 16.6), respectively. Boys have a mainly positive HFZ profiles, except for the 9-year-olds in the sit and reach (z-score difference = -1.20) and the 20 m run for boys 13-18-year-olds (z-score difference range: -0.09 to -0.01). Girls have worse HFZ profiles than boys, being out of the HFZ in several tests. Furthermore, a decreasing trend in z-score difference from the HFZ with age was observed in VO2 peak for boys and girls and sit and reach for girls. Notwithstanding, several country-related, sex and age differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS Boys presented mostly healthy age-specific fitness profiles in several fitness tests and ages. These differences should be considered when promoting youth's health through physical activity and fitness, as different fitness levels may require different approaches to implementing health-enhancing physical activity policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yolanda Demetriou
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stevo Popovic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Jovan Gardasevic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Bojan Masanovic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - João Martins
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos em Educação, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Élvio R Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Thrasyvoulos Tsiatsos
- Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Douka
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Juel Jarani
- Albanian Sports Science Association, Tirana, Albania
| | - Miguel Peralta
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Lang JJ, Zhang K, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Andersen LB, Basterfield L, Berglind D, Blain DO, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Cameron C, Carson V, Colley RC, Csányi T, Faigenbaum AD, García-Hermoso A, Gomes TNQF, Gribbon A, Janssen I, Jurak G, Kaj M, Kidokoro T, Lane KN, Liu Y, Löf M, Lubans DR, Magnussen CG, Manyanga T, McGrath R, Mota J, Olds T, Onywera VO, Ortega FB, Oyeyemi AL, Prince SA, Ramírez-Vélez R, Roberts KC, Rubín L, Servais J, Silva DAS, Silva DR, Smith JJ, Song Y, Stratton G, Timmons BW, Tomkinson GR, Tremblay MS, Wong SHS, Fraser BJ. Top 10 International Priorities for Physical Fitness Research and Surveillance Among Children and Adolescents: A Twin-Panel Delphi Study. Sports Med 2023; 53:549-564. [PMID: 36001291 PMCID: PMC9399984 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of physical fitness has a history that dates back nearly 200 years. Recently, there has been an increase in international research and surveillance on physical fitness creating a need for setting international priorities that could help guide future efforts. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to produce a list of the top 10 international priorities for research and surveillance on physical fitness among children and adolescents. METHODS Using a twin-panel Delphi method, two independent panels consisting of 46 international experts were identified (panel 1 = 28, panel 2 = 18). The panel participants were asked to list up to five priorities for research or surveillance (round 1), and then rated the items from their own panel on a 5-point Likert scale of importance (round 2). In round 3, experts were asked to rate the priorities identified by the other panel. RESULTS There was strong between-panel agreement (panel 1: rs = 0.76, p < 0.01; panel 2: rs = 0.77, p < 0.01) in the priorities identified. The list of the final top 10 priorities included (i) "conduct longitudinal studies to assess changes in fitness and associations with health". This was followed by (ii) "use fitness surveillance to inform decision making", and (iii) "implement regular and consistent international/national fitness surveys using common measures". CONCLUSIONS The priorities identified in this study provide guidance for future international collaborations and research efforts on the physical fitness of children and adolescents over the next decade and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Lang
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Kai Zhang
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - César Agostinis-Sobrinho
- grid.14329.3d0000 0001 1011 2418Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- grid.477239.c0000 0004 1754 9964Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences. Western, Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Basterfield
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Berglind
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Global Public Health and Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine (CES), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dylan O. Blain
- grid.12362.340000 0000 9280 9077Institute of Management and Health, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Wales, UK
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- grid.4489.10000000121678994PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Christine Cameron
- grid.418590.10000 0001 2164 2780Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Rachel C. Colley
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Tamás Csányi
- Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary ,grid.5591.80000 0001 2294 6276Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- grid.264500.50000 0004 0400 5239Kinesiology and Health Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ USA
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Thayse Natacha Q. F. Gomes
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil
| | - Aidan Gribbon
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Gregor Jurak
- grid.8954.00000 0001 0721 6013Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mónika Kaj
- grid.511942.aHungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- grid.412200.50000 0001 2228 003XResearch Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kirstin N. Lane
- grid.143640.40000 0004 1936 9465School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China ,grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie Löf
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David R. Lubans
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- grid.1051.50000 0000 9760 5620Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Taru Manyanga
- grid.266876.b0000 0001 2156 9982Division of Medical Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC Canada
| | - Ryan McGrath
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA ,grid.509356.c0000 0004 0420 0122Fargo VA Healthcare System, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Jorge Mota
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Tim Olds
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Vincent O. Onywera
- grid.9762.a0000 0000 8732 4964Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- grid.4489.10000000121678994PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Adewale L. Oyeyemi
- grid.413017.00000 0000 9001 9645Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Stephanie A. Prince
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra Spain ,grid.442065.10000 0004 0486 4893Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA), Túlua, Colombia ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen C. Roberts
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada
| | - Lukáš Rubín
- grid.6912.c0000000110151740Department of Physical Education and Sport, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic ,grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jennifer Servais
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Danilo R. Silva
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil ,grid.441837.d0000 0001 0765 9762Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jordan J. Smith
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Yi Song
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gareth Stratton
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Applied Sport Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Brian W. Timmons
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Grant R. Tomkinson
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.266862.e0000 0004 1936 8163Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.34428.390000 0004 1936 893XDepartment of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Stephen H. S. Wong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Brooklyn J. Fraser
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
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Florentine Normative Values for Physical Fitness in Adolescents Aged 14-15 Years. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122486. [PMID: 36554010 PMCID: PMC9778116 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fitness during youth is linked to the health of today's young people and future adults. Therefore, fitness evaluation can direct any physical exercise interventions and verify improvements. The study aims to provide normative values of the physical fitness of the Florentine adolescent population. This cross-sectional study enrolled 1915 subjects aged 14 and 15 from the first and second high school classes. Tests were performed to assess cardiovascular endurance, upper and lower limb strength, running speed and agility, and lower limb muscle flexibility. Sex and age-related percentiles were elaborated. The study included 1028 subjects in the first class (aged 14.3 ± 0.8 years; 54.5% females) and 887 in the second class (aged 15.3 ± 0.7 years; 53.4% females). Males showed higher values than females except for flexibility. Furthermore, both genders show increased results in transitioning from the first to the second class, except for muscle flexibility and running speed. The percentiles of the present study provide normative values of the physical fitness of the 14-15-year-old Florentine adolescent population. These results, characterized by a sociocultural specificity linked to the territory from which they were collected, can contribute to the assessment and improvement of the physical status of young people, promoting current and future health.
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Suárez-Reyes M, Fernández-Verdejo R, Salazar G. Elevated Risk of Overweight/Obesity-Related Markers and Low Muscular Fitness in Children Attending Public Schools in Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14213. [PMID: 36361093 PMCID: PMC9658465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Chile, children of low socioeconomic status usually attend public schools and have few opportunities to engage in healthy behaviors. This may increase their risk of overweight/obesity and low muscular fitness. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between the school type attended with overweight/obesity-related markers and the muscular fitness of children in Chile. We included 1410 children (6-13 years old) attending public, subsidized, or private schools. Overweight/obesity-related markers included BMI Z-scores, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Muscular fitness assessment included handgrip strength and standing long jump. The odds ratios [95% CI] of overweight/obesity, elevated waist circumference, elevated body fat, low handgrip strength, and low standing long jump were compared between school types. Compared with boys attending public schools, those attending subsidized or private schools had lower odds ratios of low handgrip strength (0.63 [0.42-0.94] and 0.44 [0.25-0.78], respectively). Girls attending subsidized schools, compared with those in public schools, had lower odds of overweight/obesity (0.63 [0.44-0.90]) and of having low handgrip strength (0.51 [0.34-0.78]). Compared with girls in public schools, those attending private schools had lower odds (vs. public schools) of overweight/obesity (0.45 [0.28-0.74]), of having elevated body fat (0.53 [0.29-0.96]), and of having low standing long jump (0.41 [0.21-0.77]). The elevated risk of overweight/obesity-related markers and lower muscular fitness in children, particularly girls, attending public schools increase their current and future disease risk. This suggests that childhood socioeconomic status plays a central role in determining disease risk. Health-promoting interventions specifically focused on children from disadvantaged contexts are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Suárez-Reyes
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
| | - Gabriela Salazar
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
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Suárez-Reyes M, Quintiliano-Scarpelli D, Fernandes AP, Cofré-Bolados C, Pizarro T. Lifestyle Habits and Health Indicators in Migrants and Native Schoolchildren in Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115855. [PMID: 34072527 PMCID: PMC8198969 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Chile, the migrant population has increased in the last years. Migrants adopt behaviors of this new culture, which can have an effect on their health. Contradictory results regarding differences between migrant and native children have been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between nationality with health indicator and lifestyle habits among schoolchildren in Chile. A cross-sectional and observational study with a non-probabilistic sample was conducted in 1033 children (86.4% Chilean and 13.6% migrant) from second to fourth grade of seven public schools from low-income municipalities from the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, triceps and subscapular folds), handgrip strength, and standing long jump measurements, physical activity, self-esteem and food guidelines accomplishments were determined. Migrant children presented lower body mass index (BMI), Z-BMI, body fat% and waist circumference values; and higher handgrip strength, standing long jump, and more satisfactory compliance with food guidelines than natives (p < 0.05). No significant difference for physical activity and self-esteem was observed. In the adjusted models, migrants presented lower odds for overweight/obesity, risk of abdominal obesity, low handgrip strength and unsatisfactory food guidelines accomplishment in all models (p < 0.05). The nutritional and muscular fitness of migrant children was better than that of the Chilean ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Suárez-Reyes
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile; (M.S.-R.); (C.C.-B.)
| | - Daiana Quintiliano-Scarpelli
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-23279525
| | - Anna Pinheiro Fernandes
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile;
| | - Cristian Cofré-Bolados
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile; (M.S.-R.); (C.C.-B.)
| | - Tito Pizarro
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile;
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7
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Zhang T, Yin X, Yang X, Bi C, Li Y, Sun Y, Li M, Zhang F, Liu Y. Relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and latitude in children and adolescents: Results from a cross-sectional survey in China. J Exerc Sci Fit 2021; 19:119-126. [PMID: 33488741 PMCID: PMC7811039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study assessed the correlation between latitude and the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of children and adolescents. Methods In 16 provinces and autonomous regions in China, 25,941 children and adolescents aged 10–18 were included. CRF was measured using the 20 m shuttle run test (20 m SRT) and estimated peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). One-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were used to explore the correlation between CRF and latitude in children and adolescents. Results The VO2peak values of the low (south), middle, and high (north) latitude groups for boys were 43.1, 43.1, and 40.7 mL/kg/min, respectively, and 40.0, 40.0, and 38.5 mL/kg/min for girls, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the regression coefficients (β) between VO2peak-Z and both latitude-Z and (latitude-Z)2 for boys were −0.151 and −0.043, respectively. For girls, they were −0.142 and −0.020, respectively. The Partial correlation coefficient (r) for latitude-Z and (latitude-Z)2 were −0.14 and −0.04 for boys, and −0.13 and −0.02 for girls, respectively. Conclusion The CRF among children and adolescents in high latitude regions is significantly lower than that in middle and low latitude region, and it generally shows a “parabolic” trend between Latitude-Z and VO2peak-Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Cunjian Bi
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Food Habits and Screen Time Play a Major Role in the Low Health Related to Quality of Life of Ethnic Ascendant Schoolchildren. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113489. [PMID: 33202915 PMCID: PMC7696507 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the association between lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA) level, screen time (ST), fitness and food habits) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in ethnic ascendant schoolchildren (i.e., Mapuche ascendant). This cross-sectional study included 619 schoolchildren with ethnic (EA; n = 234, 11.6 ± 1.0 years) and non-ethnicity ascendant (NEA; n = 383, 11.7 ± 1.1 years) from Araucanía, Chile. HRQoL and lifestyle were measured using a standard questionnaire and cardiometabolic markers (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were additionally included. In the EA schoolchildren, the HRQoL reported association with CRF adjusted by age and sex (β; 0.12, p = 0.018) and non-adjusted with foods habits (β; 0.11, p = 0.034). By contrast, ST adjusted by age and sex presented an inverse association with HRQoL (β; −2.70, p < 0.001). EA schoolchildren showed low HRQoL (p = 0.002), low nutritional level (p = 0.002) and low CRF (p < 0.001) than NEA peers. Moreover, children’s ethnic presence showed an association with low nutritional levels (odd ratio (OR): 3.28, p = 0.002) and ST 5 h/day (OR: 5.34, p = 0.003). In conclusion, in the present study, EA schoolchildren reported lower HRQoL than NEA schoolchildren, which could be explained by the lifestyle patterns such as a low nutritional level and more ST exposure.
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9
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Bustos-Barahona R, Delgado-Floody P, Martínez-Salazar C. Lifestyle associated with physical fitness related to health and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chilean schoolchildren. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2020; 67:586-593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Peralta M, Henriques-Neto D, Gouveia ÉR, Sardinha LB, Marques A. Promoting health-related cardiorespiratory fitness in physical education: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237019. [PMID: 32745088 PMCID: PMC7398517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This article aimed to systematically review the contribution of physical education (PE) classes to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children and adolescents; and to define potentially relevant factors for promoting CRF in PE classes. Methods Studies were identified from searches in ERIC, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. Primary source articles, relating PE classes and CRF, published up to July 2019 in peer-reviewed journals were eligible for inclusion. Specific inclusion criteria were: (a) having cross-sectional or longitudinal and observational or interventional study designs; (b) targeting school-aged children or adolescents; (c) measuring CRF, heart rate or CRF test results as an outcome; (d) having statistical analyses of the CRF, heart rate or CRF test results outcomes reported; (e) focusing on PE classes or PE interventions that did not extended time or frequency of the classes; and (f) published in English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish. Results A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 10 studies have found a neutral effect of PE classes in students’ CRF, eight studies found that PE indeed contributed to the improvement of CRF and six studies revealed mixed findings, when PE classes where controlled for others variables (e.g. body mass index, intensity). Higher intensity PE classes consistently demonstrated contributions to improving students’ CRF. Conclusion Review findings suggest that PE classes can contribute to the improvement of students’ CRF. Intensity, age and weight status were identified as potentially relevant factors for promoting CRF in PE classes. To improve CRF, higher intensity classes should be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peralta
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- Departamento de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute, LARSyS, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Luís B. Sardinha
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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He H, Pan L, Du J, Liu F, Jin Y, Ma J, Wang L, Jia P, Hu Z, Shan G. Muscle fitness and its association with body mass index in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:101. [PMID: 30971224 PMCID: PMC6456985 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was the first one aimed to investigate the current muscle fitness and its associated factors among children and adolescents in mainland China. METHODS From Nov 2013 to Jul 2014, 2283 children and adolescents aged 7-18 were recruited in Hainan and Shaanxi Provinces in China by cross-sectional design. Information on anthropometry and muscle fitness, measured by hand grip strength (GS), vertical jump (VJ) and sit-and-reach (SR), were collected. Analysis of covariance was performed by using general linear regression models to identify the association between BMI and muscle fitness. RESULTS The means of GS, VJ and SR in boys were 22.30 ± 11.55 kg, 22.93 ± 6.80 cm and 3.58 ± 7.31 cm, respectively, and in girls were 16.61 ± 6.87 kg, 18.11 ± 4.08 cm and 7.18 ± 5.72 cm, respectively. GS (from 8.26 kg in the 7-8-year-old group to 27.91 kg in the 17-18 group) and SR (from 1.75 cm in the-8-year-old group to 10.12 cm in the 17-18 group) increased with age (both p for trend < 0.001). Boys had higher GS and VJ, but significantly lower SR than girls in each age group (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, residential areas and study regions, GS increased with elevated BMI (compared with normal weight group, the regression coefficient for thinness and overweight/obesity were - 2.997(95%CI: -3.693 to - 2.301) and 1.220 (95%CI: 0.285 to 2.155), respectively. With the p values less than 0.001 and 0.011, respectively). For VJ, there was no difference found between normal weight group and overweight/obesity group (p = 0.550), but the thinness group had the lowest performance (regression coefficient = - 2.681, 95%CI from - 3.965 to - 1.397, p < 0.001). For SR, compared with normal weight group, the regression coefficients for thinness and overweight/obesity were - 1.313(95%CI: -2.228 to - 0.399) and - 1.623(95%CI: -3.216 to - 0.030) respectively, both p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Increased body weight may have a positive association with isometric muscle strength measured by grip strength, but a negative one with strength of lifting the body. Sex difference was also found in the performance of flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jianwei Du
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, 570203, Hainan Province, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuming Jin
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, 570203, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jingang Ma
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Pengben Jia
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, 570203, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.
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12
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Nevill AM, Sandercock G, Duncan MJ, Lahart I, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramirez-Velez R. Socio-demographic differences in Colombian children's muscular fitness: Does scaling for differences in body size present a challenge to conventional thinking? Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23128. [PMID: 29624794 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In low- to middle-income countries, children from less-deprived areas (from families of higher socio-economic status [SES]) have superior muscular fitness than those from low-SES groups. They are also taller and heavier, factors associated with muscular fitness. The purpose of this study was to identify any socio-demographic differences in Colombian children's muscular fitness and examine how these conclusions can be modified by scaling for differences in body size. METHODS A total of 38,098 youths (46% girls), ninth grade students (aged 14-15 years), participated in a study of cross-sectional design. We recorded SES and family incomes, stature, and mass. Standing broad jump and handgrip strength were used to assess muscular fitness. A multiplicative allometric model was adopted to adjust for body-size differences. RESULTS Children from the mid- to high-SES groups jumped significantly higher than children from the lowest SES group, although no SES group difference in grip strength was observed. After adjusting for body size, children from higher SES and with higher family incomes had significantly lower handgrip strength, and their superior jump height performances remained but were greatly reduced. Only children from the highest SES now jumped significantly higher that the lowest SES group. CONCLUSIONS The superior jump performance and no difference in handgrip strength of Colombian children from higher SES may simply reflect their superior physiques. When body size is accounted for, these differences are reduced or even reversed, suggesting that children from higher SES groups should not be complacent regarding their apparent superior muscular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Nevill
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall Campus, Walsall, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Sandercock
- School Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Duncan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Lahart
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall Campus, Walsall, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA». Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Robinson Ramirez-Velez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA». Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
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13
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Silva-Moreno C, Correa-Bautista JE, González-Ruíz K, Prieto-Benavides DH, Villa-González E, García-Hermoso A. Self-Rated Health Status and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in a Sample of Schoolchildren from Bogotá, Colombia. The FUPRECOL Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E952. [PMID: 28832546 PMCID: PMC5615489 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14090952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the relationship between Self-Rated Health (SRH) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in a sample of children and adolescents enrolled in official schools in Bogotá, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was performed with 7402 children and adolescents between 9 and 17 years of age. Participants were asked to rate their health based on eight validated questions, addressing the participants propensity for headache, stomach-ache, backache, feeling-low, irritability/bad mood, nervousness, sleeping-difficulties, and dizziness. The choices were "rarely or never", "almost every month", "almost every week", and "more than once a week/about every day". Participants performed the international course-navette shuttle run test to estimate CRF, and cut-off points for age and gender were used to categorize the healthy/unhealthy fitness zone according to the FITNESSGRAM® criteria. Overall, 16.4% of those surveyed reported a perception of irritability/bad mood "more than once a week/about every day", followed by feeling-low and nervousness (both with 9.9%). Dizziness had the lowest prevalence with a percentage of 6.9%. Unhealthy CRF in boys increased the likelihood of headaches by 1.20 times, stomach aches by 1.31 times, feeling-low by 1.29 times, nervousness by 1.24 times, and dizziness by 1.29 times. In girls, unhealthy CRF increased the likelihood of headaches by 1.19 times, backache by 1.26 times, feeling-low by 1.28 times, irritability/bad mood by 1.17 times, sleeping-difficulties by 1.20 times, and dizziness by 1.27 times. SRH was associated with CRF in both genders. Early identification of children and adolescents with low CRF levels will permit interventions to promote healthy behaviors and prevent future diseases during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Carolina Silva-Moreno
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá DC 110231, Colombia.
| | - Daniel Humberto Prieto-Benavides
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá DC 110231, Colombia.
| | - Emilio Villa-González
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, USACH, Santiago 9160030, Chile.
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14
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García-Hermoso A, Esteban-Cornejo I, Olloquequi J, Ramírez-Vélez R. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength as Mediators of the Influence of Fatness on Academic Achievement. J Pediatr 2017; 187:127-133.e3. [PMID: 28526219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the combined association of fatness and physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF] and muscular strength) with academic achievement, and to determine whether CRF and muscular strength are mediators of the association between fatness and academic achievement in a nationally representative sample of adolescents from Chile. STUDY DESIGN Data were obtained for a sample of 36 870 adolescents (mean age, 13.8 years; 55.2% boys) from the Chilean System for the Assessment of Educational Quality test for eighth grade in 2011, 2013, and 2014. Physical fitness tests included CRF (20-m shuttle run) and muscular strength (standing long jump). Weight, height, and waist circumference were assessed, and body mass index and waist circumference-to-height ratio were calculated. Academic achievement in language and mathematics was assessed using standardized tests. The PROCESS script developed by Hayes was used for mediation analysis. RESULTS Compared with unfit and high-fatness adolescents, fit and low-fatness adolescents had significantly higher odds for attaining high academic achievement in language and mathematics. However, in language, unfit and low-fatness adolescents did not have significantly higher odds for obtaining high academic achievement. Those with high fatness had higher academic achievement (both language and mathematics) if they were fit. Linear regression models suggest a partial or full mediation of physical fitness in the association of fatness variables with academic achievement. CONCLUSIONS CRF and muscular strength may attenuate or even counteract the adverse influence of fatness on academic achievement in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Hermoso
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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15
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Sandercock GRH, Lobelo F, Correa-Bautista JE, Tovar G, Cohen DD, Knies G, Ramírez-Vélez R. The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status, Family Income, and Measures of Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Colombian Schoolchildren. J Pediatr 2017; 185:81-87.e2. [PMID: 28161198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical fitness in a sample of Colombian youth. STUDY DESIGN Prueba SER is cross-sectional survey of schoolchildren in Bogota, Colombia. Mass, stature, muscular fitness (standing long-jump, handgrip), and cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run) were measured in 52?187 schoolchildren 14-16 years of age. Area-level SES was categorized from 1 (very low) to 4 (high) and parent-reported family income was categorized as low, middle, or high. RESULTS Converting measures into z scores showed stature, muscular, and cardiorespiratory fitness were significantly (z?=?0.3-0.7) below European values. Children in the mid- and high SES groups jumped significantly further than groups with very low SES. Differences were independent of sex but became nonsignificant when adjusted for anthropometric differences. Participants in the mid-SES and high-SES groups had better handgrip scores when adjusted for body dimension. There were, however, no significant between-group differences in cardiorespiratory fitness, which was strongly clustered by school and significantly greater in students from private schools. CONCLUSIONS Area-level SES is associated with measures of muscular fitness in Colombian schoolchildren. These associations were largely explained by the large differences in body dimensions observed between SES groups. When area-level SES is considered, there was no evidence that family income influenced fitness. The clustering of outcomes reaffirms the potential importance of schools and area-level factors in promoting fitness through opportunities for physical activity. Interventions implemented in schools, can improve academic attainment; a factor likely to be important in promoting the social mobility of children from poorer families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R H Sandercock
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Felipe Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jorge E Correa-Bautista
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, Bogotá, District Capital, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Tovar
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, Bogotá, District Capital, Colombia
| | - Daniel Dylan Cohen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Gundi Knies
- Institute for Social & Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, Bogotá, District Capital, Colombia.
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16
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Garcia-Hermoso A, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Mota J, Santos RM, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Adiposity as a full mediator of the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation in schoolchildren: The FUPRECOL Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:525-533. [PMID: 28511902 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies in the paediatric population have shown inconsistent associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation independently of adiposity. The purpose of this study was (i) to analyse the combined association of cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and (ii) to determine whether adiposity acts as a mediator on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hs-CRP in children and adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study included 935 (54.7% girls) healthy children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia. The 20 m shuttle run test was used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. We assessed the following adiposity parameters: body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass index and the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness. High sensitivity assays were used to obtain hs-CRP. Linear regression models were fitted for mediation analyses examined whether the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hs-CRP was mediated by each of adiposity parameters according to Baron and Kenny procedures. Lower levels of hs-CRP were associated with the best schoolchildren profiles (high cardiorespiratory fitness + low adiposity) (p for trend <0.001 in the four adiposity parameters), compared with unfit and overweight (low cardiorespiratory fitness + high adiposity) counterparts. Linear regression models suggest a full mediation of adiposity on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hs-CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings seem to emphasize the importance of obesity prevention in childhood, suggesting that having high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness may not counteract the negative consequences ascribed to adiposity on hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile.
| | - C Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - J Mota
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - R M Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal; Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - J E Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - R Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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Zhang X, Martinez-Donate AP. Socioeconomic Status and Youth Physical Fitness: Evidence From an Upper-Middle Income Country. J Pediatr 2017; 185:14-16. [PMID: 28233550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Carbone Cancer Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin.
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18
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramos-Sepúlveda JA, Piñeros-Álvarez CA, Giraldo LI, Izquierdo M, García-Hermoso A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Cristi-Montero C. Aerobic capacity and future cardiovascular risk in Indian community from a low-income area in Cauca, Colombia. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:28. [PMID: 28270174 PMCID: PMC5341371 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies indicates that children’s aerobic capacity levels are predictors of the future risk of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the proportion of subjects whose aerobic capacity is indicative of future cardiovascular risk in Indian-Nasa community from a low-income area in Cauca, Colombia. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of morphological component (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, and body fat percent [BF%]), and the cardiorespiratory component (course-navette 20 m, shuttle run test and estimation of maximal oxygen consumption by indirect VO2max) from 576 participants (319 boys and 257 girls) aged 10 to 17.9 years, using the standardized FUPRECOL test battery. Results We showed that the boys performed better than the girls in cardiorespiratory fitness. The proportion of subjects with an aerobic capacity indicative of future cardiovascular risk was 7.3%. By sex, 3.8% of boys and 11.7% of girls (X2p = 0.001) displayed an unhealthy aerobic capacity in this study. Conclusion The findings of this study that provide the first data on aerobic capacity health for Colombian Nasa Indian children and adolescents aged 10–17.9 years. Although the known loss of aerobic capacity is a serious consequence of the future risk of non-communicable diseases, the deterioration of physical fitness deserves increased attention among indigenous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, 111221, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, 111221, Colombia
| | - Jeison Alexander Ramos-Sepúlveda
- Grupo de Investigación en Pedagogía, Licenciatura en Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física, Institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho, Cali, Colombia
| | - Carlos Andrés Piñeros-Álvarez
- Grupo de Investigación en Pedagogía, Licenciatura en Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física, Institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho, Cali, Colombia
| | - Lorena Isabel Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación en Pedagogía, Licenciatura en Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física, Institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaíso, Chile
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19
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Lang JJ, Tremblay MS, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Tomkinson GR. Review of criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness: what percentage of 1 142 026 international children and youth are apparently healthy? Br J Sports Med 2017; 53:953-958. [PMID: 28254744 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); to estimate the percentage of children and youth that met each standard; and to discuss strategies to help improve the utility of criterion-referenced standards for population health research. METHODS A search of four databases was undertaken to identify papers that reported criterion-referenced CRF standards for children and youth generated using the receiver operating characteristic curve technique. A pseudo-dataset representing the 20-m shuttle run test performance of 1 142 026 children and youth aged 9-17 years from 50 countries was generated using Monte Carlo simulation. Pseudo-data were used to estimate the international percentage of children and youth that met published criterion-referenced standards for CRF. RESULTS Ten studies reported criterion-referenced standards for healthy CRF in children and youth. The mean percentage (±95% CI) of children and youth that met the standards varied substantially across age groups from 36%±13% to 95%±4% among girls, and from 51%±7% to 96%±16% among boys. There was an age gradient across all criterion-referenced standards where younger children were more likely to meet the standards compared with older children, regardless of sex. Within age groups, mean percentages were more precise (smaller CI) for younger girls and older boys. CONCLUSION There are several CRF criterion-referenced standards for children and youth producing widely varying results. This study encourages using the interim international criterion-referenced standards of 35 and 42 mL/kg/min for girls and boys, respectively, to identify children and youth at risk of poor health-raising a clinical red flag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Lang
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Ramírez‐Vélez R, Palacios‐López A, Humberto Prieto‐Benavides D, Enrique Correa‐Bautista J, Izquierdo M, Alonso‐Martínez A, Lobelo F. Normative reference values for the 20 m shuttle-run test in a population-based sample of school-aged youth in Bogota, Colombia: the FUPRECOL study. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29:e22902. [PMID: 27500986 PMCID: PMC5298048 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine the normative reference values of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to establish the proportion of subjects with low CRF suggestive of future cardio-metabolic risk. METHODS A total of 7244 children and adolescents attending public schools in Bogota, Colombia (55.7% girls; age range of 9-17.9 years) participated in this study. We expressed CRF performance as the nearest stage (minute) completed and the estimated peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak ). Smoothed percentile curves were calculated. In addition, we present the prevalence of low CRF after applying a correction factor to account for the impact of Bogota's altitude (2625 m over sea level) on CRF assessment, and we calculated the number of participants who fell below health-related FITNESSGRAM cut-points for low CRF. RESULTS Shuttles and V˙O2peak were higher in boys than in girls in all age groups. In boys, there were higher levels of performance with increasing age, with most gains between the ages of 13 and 17. The proportion of subjects with a low CRF, suggestive of future cardio-metabolic risk (health risk FITNESSGRAM category) was 31.5% (28.2% for boys and 34.1% for girls; X2 P = .001). After applying a 1.11 altitude correction factor, the overall prevalence of low CRF was 11.5% (9.6% for boys and 13.1% for girls; X2 P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide sex- and age-specific normative reference standards for the 20 m shuttle-run test and estimated V˙O2peak values in a large, population-based sample of schoolchildren from a large Latin-American city at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del RosarioBogotáD.CColombia
| | - Adalberto Palacios‐López
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del RosarioBogotáD.CColombia
| | - Daniel Humberto Prieto‐Benavides
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del RosarioBogotáD.CColombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa‐Bautista
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del RosarioBogotáD.CColombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo TomásBogotáD.CColombia
- Department of Health SciencesPublic University of NavarraNavarraSpain
| | | | - Felipe Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global HealthRollins School of Public Health, Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
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21
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Tordecilla-Sanders A, Correa-Bautista JE, Peterson MD, Garcia-Hermoso A. Handgrip Strength and Ideal Cardiovascular Health among Colombian Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr 2016; 179:82-89.e1. [PMID: 27720242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between handgrip strength and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) in Colombian children and adolescents. STUDY DESIGN During the 2014-2015 school years, we examined a cross-sectional component of the FUPRECOL (Association for Muscular Strength with Early Manifestation of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Colombian Children and Adolescents) study. Participants included 1199 (n = 627 boys) youths from Bogota (Colombia). Handgrip strength was measured with a standard adjustable hand held dynamometer and expressed relative to body mass (handgrip/body mass) and as absolute values in kilograms. Ideal CVH, as defined by the American Heart Association, was determined as meeting ideal levels of the following components: 4 behaviors (smoking status, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and diet) and 3 factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose). RESULTS Higher levels of handgrip strength (both absolute and relative values) were associated with a higher frequency of ideal CVH metrics in both sexes (P for trend ≤ .001). Also, higher levels of handgrip strength were associated with a greater number of ideal health behaviors (P for trend < .001 in both boys and girls), and with a higher number of ideal health factors in boys (P for trend < .001). Finally, levels of handgrip strength were similar between ideal versus nonideal glucose or total cholesterol groups in girls. CONCLUSIONS Handgrip strength was strongly associated with ideal CVH in Colombian children and adolescents, and thus supports the relevance of early targeted interventions to promote strength adaptation and preservation as part of primordial prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mark D Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Global REACH, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Faculty of Physical Activity and Science, University of Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Olivares PR, García-Rubio J. Associations between different components of fitness and fatness with academic performance in Chilean youths. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2560. [PMID: 27761345 PMCID: PMC5068445 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To analyze the associations between different components of fitness and fatness with academic performance, adjusting the analysis by sex, age, socio-economic status, region and school type in a Chilean sample. Methods Data of fitness, fatness and academic performance was obtained from the Chilean System for the Assessment of Educational Quality test for eighth grade in 2011 and includes a sample of 18,746 subjects (49% females). Partial correlations adjusted by confounders were done to explore association between fitness and fatness components, and between the academic scores. Three unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were done in order to analyze the associations of variables. Results Fatness has a negative association with academic performance when Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist to Height Ratio (WHR) are assessed independently. When BMI and WHR are assessed jointly and adjusted by cofounders, WHR is more associated with academic performance than BMI, and only the association of WHR is positive. For fitness components, strength was the variable most associated with the academic performance. Cardiorespiratory capacity was not associated with academic performance if fatness and other fitness components are included in the model. Conclusions Fitness and fatness are associated with academic performance. WHR and strength are more related with academic performance than BMI and cardiorespiratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R Olivares
- Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile.,Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Javier García-Rubio
- Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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23
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Correa-Bautista JE, Lobelo F, Izquierdo M, Alonso-Martínez A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Cristi-Montero C. High muscular fitness has a powerful protective cardiometabolic effect in adults: influence of weight status. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1012. [PMID: 27663845 PMCID: PMC5035511 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of muscular fitness (MF) are recognized as an important marker of nutritional status and a predictor of metabolic complications, cardiovascular disease and death, however, the relationship between MF, body mass index (BMI) and the subsequent cardiometabolic protective effects has been less studied among Latin American populations. This study identified an association between MF and the cardiometabolic risk score index (CMRSI) and the lipid-metabolic cardiovascular risk index (LMCRI) in a wide sample of university students grouped according to their BMI. METHODS Six thousand ninety five healthy males (29.6 ± 11.7 year-old) participated in the study. Absolute strength was measured using a T.K.K. analogue dynamometer (handgrip), and the participant's strength was then calculated relative to their body mass (MF/BM). The LMCRI was derived from the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and glucose levels in a blood sample. The CMRSI was calculated by summing the standardized residuals (z-score) for waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides, HDL-c, and median blood pressure. Subjects were divided into six subgroups according to BMI (normal vs. overweight/obese) and MF/BM tertiles (unfit, average, fit). RESULTS The group of participants with low and moderate levels of MF/BM showed higher CMRSI values independent of BMI (P < 0.001). The group with normal BMI and high MF/BM had the highest levels of cardiometabolic protection. All overweight/obese BMI groups had significantly higher LMCRI values independent of the level of MF/BM (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Participants with high MF/BM showed reduced cardiometabolic risk, which increased significantly when they were within normal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Jorge E Correa-Bautista
- Center for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Felipe Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- GICAEDS Group, Faculty of Physical Culture, Sport and Recreation, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia. .,Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (Navarra) SPAIN, Campus of Tudela, Av. de Tarazona s/n. 31500, Tudela, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Alicia Alonso-Martínez
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (Navarra) SPAIN, Campus of Tudela, Av. de Tarazona s/n. 31500, Tudela, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group. School of Physical Education. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
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Lang JJ, Tremblay MS, Léger L, Olds T, Tomkinson GR. International variability in 20 m shuttle run performance in children and youth: who are the fittest from a 50-country comparison? A systematic literature review with pooling of aggregate results. Br J Sports Med 2016; 52:276. [PMID: 27650256 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe and compare 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) performance among children and youth across 50 countries; to explore broad socioeconomic indicators that correlate with 20mSRT performance in children and youth across countries and to evaluate the utility of the 20mSRT as an international population health indicator for children and youth. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken to identify papers that explicitly reported descriptive 20mSRT (with 1-min stages) data on apparently healthy 9-17 year-olds. Descriptive data were standardised to running speed (km/h) at the last completed stage. Country-specific 20mSRT performance indices were calculated as population-weighted mean z-scores relative to all children of the same age and sex from all countries. Countries were categorised into developed and developing groups based on the Human Development Index, and a correlational analysis was performed to describe the association between country-specific performance indices and broad socioeconomic indicators using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS Performance indices were calculated for 50 countries using collated data on 1 142 026 children and youth aged 9-17 years. The best performing countries were from Africa and Central-Northern Europe. Countries from South America were consistently among the worst performing countries. Country-specific income inequality (Gini index) was a strong negative correlate of the performance index across all 50 countries. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of variability in the performance index broadly supports the theory of a physical activity transition and income inequality as the strongest structural determinant of health in children and youth. This simple and cost-effective assessment would be a powerful tool for international population health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Lang
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luc Léger
- Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tim Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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25
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Daza F, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RioValle J, González-Ruíz K, Correa-Bautista JE. Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Adiposity, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Schoolchildren: The FUPRECOL Study. West J Nurs Res 2016; 39:1311-1329. [PMID: 27550468 DOI: 10.1177/0193945916664900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in schoolchildren. A secondary aim was to evaluate the degree of association between overall and abdominal adiposity and CRF in a total of 1,875 children and adolescents attending public schools. We expressed CRF performance as the nearest stage (minute) completed and the estimated peak oxygen consumption. A CVRF ( Z score) was calculated and participants were divided into tertiles according to low and high levels of overall (sum of the skinfold thicknesses) and abdominal adiposity. Schoolchildren with a high-level of overall adiposity demonstrated significant differences in seven of the 10 variables analyzed (i.e., systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, triglycerides/high density lipoproteins [HDL-c] ratio, total cholesterol, glucose, C-reactive protein [usCRP], HDL-c, low density lipoproteins [LDL-c], and cardiovascular risk score). Schoolchildren with high levels of both overall and abdominal adiposity and low CRF had the least favorable CVRF score.
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26
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Otero J, Cohen DD, Herrera VM, Camacho PA, Bernal O, López-Jaramillo P. Sociodemographic factors related to handgrip strength in children and adolescents in a middle income country: The SALUS study. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27427286 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine sociodemographic factors associated with handgrip (HG) strength in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a middle income country. METHODS We evaluated youth between the ages of 8 and 17 from a representative sample of individuals from the Department of Santander, Colombia. Anthropometric measures, HG strength, and self-reported physical activity were assessed, and parents/guardians completed sociodemographic questionnairres. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics and tertiles of relative HG strength. We also produced centile data for raw HG strength using quantile regression. RESULTS 1,691 young people were evaluated. HG strength increased with age, and was higher in males than females in all age groups. Lower HG strength was associated with indicators of higher socioeconomic status, such as living in an urban area, residence in higher social strata neighborhoods, parent/guardian with secondary education or higher, higher household income, and membership in health insurance schemes. In addition, low HG strength was associated with lower physical activity levels and higher waist-to-hip ratio. In a fully adjusted regression model, all factors remained significant except for health insurance, household income, and physical activity level. CONCLUSIONS While age and gender specific HG strength values were substantially lower than contemporary data from high income countries, we found that within this middle income population indicators of higher socioeconomic status were associated with lower HG strength. This analysis also suggests that in countries undergoing rapid nutrition transition, improvements in socioeconomic conditions may be accompanied by reduction in muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Otero
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Dirección médica de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Daniel Dylan Cohen
- Universidad de Santander (UDES), Programa de Fisioterapia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Victor Mauricio Herrera
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Paul Anthony Camacho
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Dirección médica de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Oscar Bernal
- Universidad de Los Andes, Escuela de Gobierno, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Patricio López-Jaramillo
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Dirección médica de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, Floridablanca, Colombia.,Universidad de Santander (UDES), Programa de Fisioterapia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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27
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Tomkinson GR, Lang JJ, Tremblay MS, Dale M, LeBlanc AG, Belanger K, Ortega FB, Léger L. International normative 20 m shuttle run values from 1 142 026 children and youth representing 50 countries. Br J Sports Med 2016; 51:1545-1554. [PMID: 27208067 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-095987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop sex-specific and age-specific international norms for the 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) in children and youth (aged 9-17 years), and to estimate the prevalence meeting the FITNESSGRAM criterion-referenced standards for healthy cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE). METHODS A systematic review was undertaken to identify papers explicitly reporting descriptive 20mSRT (with 1 min stages) data on children and youth since 1981. Data were included on apparently healthy (free from known disease/injury) 9-17 years old. Following standardisation to a common metric and for protocol differences, pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation, with population-weighted sex-specific and age-specific normative centiles generated using the Lambda Mu and Sigma (LMS) method. Sex-related and age-related differences were expressed as per cent and standardised differences in means. The prevalence with healthy CRE was estimated using the sex-specific and age-specific FITNESSGRAM criterion-referenced standards for [Formula: see text]. RESULTS Norms were displayed as tabulated centiles and as smoothed centile curves for the 20mSRT using 4 common metrics (speed at the last completed stage, completed stages/minutes, laps and relative [Formula: see text]). The final data set included 1 142 026 children and youth from 50 countries, extracted from 177 studies. Boys consistently outperformed girls at each age group (mean difference±95% CI: 0.86±0.28 km/h or 0.79±0.20 standardised units), with the magnitude of age-related increase larger for boys than for girls. A higher proportion of boys (mean±95% CI: 67±14%) had healthy CRE than girls (mean±95% CI: 54±17%), with the prevalence of healthy CRE decreasing systematically with age. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date set of international sex-specific and age-specific 20mSRT norms for children and youth, which have utility for health and fitness screening, profiling, monitoring and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Justin J Lang
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Dale
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Kevin Belanger
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Luc Léger
- Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Gualteros JA, Torres JA, Umbarila-Espinosa LM, Rodríguez-Valero FJ, Ramírez-Vélez R. A lower cardiorespiratory fitness is associated to an unhealthy status among children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 62:437-46. [PMID: 26302665 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have shown that low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a significant independent risk factor for future cardiometabolic disease in adult life. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between CRF and health status in children and adolescents in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 921 children and adolescents aged 9-17 years living in the metropolitan area of the District of Bogotá, Colombia (2,480m asl). CRF was assessed with the 20m shuttle run test (Course-Navette) according to ALPHA-FITNESS and FITNESSGRAM standards. Blood pressure, waist circumference, hip circumference, body composition (body fat percentage, fat body mass, and fat-free mass by bioimpedance), skin fold calipers, body mass index, and sexual maturity (Tanner) were used as indicators of physical health. RESULTS After adjusting for sex, age, and sexual maturity, significant inverse relationships were seen between CRF and body mass index (r=-0.107), body fat percentage (r=-0.197), fat body mass (r=-0.159), skin fold (r=-0.246), and waist circumference (r=-0.169); P<.001. Schoolchildren with low CRF levels showed OR 6.06 (95% CI 3.98-9.24) increase in body fat by bioimpedance; OR 4.04 (95% CI 1.83-9.11) risk of overweight/obese by body mass index and OR 2.47 (95% CI 1.14-5.37) abdominal obesity due to increased waist circumference. CONCLUSION Approximately two thirds of participants had a CRF level suggesting future cardiovascular disease. Early identification of children and adolescents with low CRF levels will allow for implementing interventions to prevent cardiometabolic disease in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Alberto Gualteros
- Facultad de Salud, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias y Tecnologías del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Jorge Andrés Torres
- Facultad de Salud, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias y Tecnologías del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Luz Marina Umbarila-Espinosa
- Facultad de Salud, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias y Tecnologías del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Valero
- Facultad de Salud, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias y Tecnologías del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Facultad de Salud, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias y Tecnologías del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia; Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deporte, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
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