1
|
Grainger SA, Henry JD, Alister M, Bourdaniotis XE, Mead J, Bailey TG, Coombes JS, Vear N. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength Do Not Predict Social Cognitive Capacity in Older Age. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1824-1833. [PMID: 37480568 PMCID: PMC10645310 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social cognitive function often declines in older age but the mechanisms underlying these declines are not completely clear. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength are positively associated with broader cognitive function in older adults, yet surprisingly, no study has examined whether a similar relationship exists between CRF or muscular strength and social cognition in older age. METHODS We assessed whether higher CRF and muscular strength were associated with enhanced social cognitive function in a sample of fifty older adults (Mage = 70.08, standard deviation = 3.93). Participants completed a gold-standard cardiopulmonary exercise test to assess CRF, an isometric handgrip strength test to index muscular strength, and validated measures of social cognition to index emotion perception and theory of mind (ToM). RESULTS The results showed that CRF and muscular strength did not explain any unique variance in older adults' social cognitive performance. Bayesian analyses confirmed that the evidence for the null hypothesis was moderate for all tested relationships, except for the relationship between CRF and cognitive ToM where the evidence for the null was anecdotal. DISCUSSION This study has provided the first evidence to suggest that CRF and muscular strength-two important modifiable lifestyle factors-are not associated with social cognition in healthy older adults. However, replication studies are now needed to cross-validate these findings and to clarify whether any moderating variables may be important for understanding the relationship between fitness and social cognition in older age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Grainger
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie D Henry
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manikya Alister
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jessica Mead
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tom G Bailey
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie Vear
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weber VMR, Castro-Piñero J, Cesar da Costa J, Fernandes DZ, Romanzini M, Ronque ERV. Comparison Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Functions of Cognitive Control in Adolescents: A Tracking Study of 3 Years. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2023; 35:232-238. [PMID: 37172952 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2021-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Compare tracking groups with cognitive control functions and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factors concentrations from childhood to adolescence. METHODS This is a prospective study with 3 years of follow-up. At baseline, data from 394 individuals were collected (11.7 y), and data were obtained from 134 adolescents (14.9 y) at the 3-year follow-up. At both time points, anthropometric and maximal oxygen uptake data were collected. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) groups were classified into high or low CRF. At follow-up, cognitive outcomes were collected via the Stroop and Corsi block test; plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factors concentrations were also analyzed. RESULTS Comparisons demonstrated that maintaining high CRF over 3 years results in shorter reaction time, better inhibitory control, and higher working memory values. Likewise, the group that moved from low to high CRF over 3 years presented better reaction time. Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factors concentrations were higher for the group that increased its CRF over the 3 years in relation to the low-low group (90.58 pg·mL-1; P = .004). However, after scaling by an allometric approach, differences were only found for reaction time and working memory between high-high and high-low groups. CONCLUSION Maintaining high CRF over 3 years was positively related to reaction time and working memory in relation to adolescents that decreased their levels of CRF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Muller Reis Weber
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Londrina State University-UEL, Londrina, PR,Brazil
| | - Jose Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real,Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cadiz,Spain
| | - Julio Cesar da Costa
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Londrina State University-UEL, Londrina, PR,Brazil
| | - Daniel Zanardini Fernandes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Londrina State University-UEL, Londrina, PR,Brazil
| | - Marcelo Romanzini
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Londrina State University-UEL, Londrina, PR,Brazil
| | - Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Londrina State University-UEL, Londrina, PR,Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leibinger E, Åvitsland A, Resaland GK, Solberg RB, Kolle E, Dyrstad SM. Relationship between health-related quality of life and physical fitness in Norwegian adolescents. Qual Life Res 2022; 32:1133-1141. [PMID: 36527570 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This cross-sectional study investigated the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness in 14-year-old adolescents. METHODS Norwegian adolescents (N = 1985) carried out a 10-min running test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and three different muscular fitness tests (handgrip, sit-ups, and standing broad jump) and answered the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire to provide HRQoL data. Linear-mixed effect models were applied to detect relationships among the variables. RESULTS Running-test results were positively associated with higher scores in the following KIDSCREEN domains: physical well-being, psychological well-being, autonomy and parent relationships, and school environment (β = 0.01-0.04; p < .01 for all). Performance in sit-ups test was positively associated with higher scores in three out of five KIDSCREEN domains: physical well-being (β = 0.31; p < .001), social support and peers (β = 0.16; p = .023), and school environment scores (β = 0.19; p = .006). An inverse association was found between the handgrip test results and the score on psychological well-being domain (β = - 0.10; p = .013). CONCLUSIONS The associations between HRQoL and physical fitness were trivial (abdominal strength and handgrip strength) to small (CRF) but confirmed that earlier findings from children also are applied to adolescents. Explosive strength in the lower body showed no association with HRQoL. Further research should investigate the direction of causality. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov ID nr: NCT03817047. Registered 01/25/2019 'retrospectively registered'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Leibinger
- Department of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Andreas Åvitsland
- Department of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Centre for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Runar B Solberg
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, 0806, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Epidemic Interventions Research, Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre M Dyrstad
- Department of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Benítez-Sillero JDD, Corredor-Corredor D, Ortega-Ruiz R, Córdoba-Alcaide F. Behaviours involved in the role of victim and aggressor in bullying: Relationship with physical fitness in adolescents. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259087. [PMID: 34735472 PMCID: PMC8568104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fitness is related to well-being and health. Adolescence is a key period in the psychological and social development of the person, in which interpersonal relationships gain strength, being bullying a type of violence that can affect the personality of those involved. At present, there is not enough research to determine the relationships between bullying and physical condition. The purpose of this study is to find out if there are any relationships among physical fitness, victimisation, and aggression in bullying, and to identify these behaviours. This is a descriptive study done in 1035 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.67, SD = 1.49). The European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ) scale was used, and anthropometric characteristics of weight and height were measured. In addition, physical fitness tests from the Eurofit battery, sit-and-reach, 30-second sit-ups, horizontal jump, manual dynamometry, and 20-meter Multistage Shuttle Run Test (SRT) were included. The relationships between variables were analysed using Spearman correlations, linear regressions, and ordinal regressions. The most relevant findings indicate an inverse relationship between being a victim of bullying and having a better cardiorespiratory cardiovascular endurance. These also show a direct relationship between being a bully and skeletal muscle strength measured through the horizontal jump, 30-second sit-ups, and manual dynamometry tests. Theoretically, we can conclude that physical condition can be considered a predictor to consider in bullying. Specifically, cardiorespiratory fitness, in addition to its multiple physical and mental benefits, may be a protective element against bullying victimisation. In contrast, muscular strength, especially in boys, may be an important predictor, especially in the physical component, of aggression in bullying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan de Dios Benítez-Sillero
- Department of Specific Didactic, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Laboratory for Studies on Coexistence and Prevention of Violence (LAECOVI), Cordoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Rosario Ortega-Ruiz
- Laboratory for Studies on Coexistence and Prevention of Violence (LAECOVI), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Córdoba-Alcaide
- Laboratory for Studies on Coexistence and Prevention of Violence (LAECOVI), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meijer A, Pouwels PJW, Smith J, Visscher C, Bosker RJ, Hartman E, Oosterlaan J, Königs M. The relationship between white matter microstructure, cardiovascular fitness, gross motor skills, and neurocognitive functioning in children. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2201-2215. [PMID: 34019710 PMCID: PMC8453576 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that both cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skill performance are related to enhanced neurocognitive functioning in children by influencing brain structure and functioning. This study investigates the role of white matter microstructure in the relationship of both cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills with neurocognitive functioning in healthy children. In total 92 children (mean age 9.1 years, range 8.0-10.7) were included in this study. Cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skill performance were assessed using performance-based tests. Neurocognitive functioning was assessed using computerized tests (working memory, inhibition, interference control, information processing, and attention). Diffusion tensor imaging was used in combination with tract-based spatial statistics to assess white matter microstructure as defined by fractional anisotropy (FA), axial and radial diffusivity (AD, RD). The results revealed positive associations of both cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills with neurocognitive functioning. Information processing and motor response inhibition were associated with FA in a cluster located in the corpus callosum. Within this cluster, higher cardiovascular fitness and better gross motor skills were both associated with greater FA, greater AD, and lower RD. No mediating role was found for FA in the relationship of both cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills with neurocognitive functioning. The results indicate that cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills are related to neurocognitive functioning as well as white matter microstructure in children. However, this study provides no evidence for a mediating role of white matter microstructure in these relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Meijer
- Clinical Neuropsychology SectionVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Petra J. W. Pouwels
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joanne Smith
- Center for Human Movement SciencesUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Chris Visscher
- Center for Human Movement SciencesUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Roel J. Bosker
- Groningen Institute for Educational ResearchUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Esther Hartman
- Center for Human Movement SciencesUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Clinical Neuropsychology SectionVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Emma Neuroscience GroupEmma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marsh Königs
- Emma Neuroscience GroupEmma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Acosta-Manzano P, Coll-Risco I, Romero-Gallardo L, Borges-Cosic M, Estévez-López F, Aparicio VA. Associations of physical activity, sedentary time, and physical fitness with mental health during pregnancy: The GESTAFIT project. J Sport Health Sci 2021; 10:379-386. [PMID: 34024352 PMCID: PMC8167327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to analyze the associations of objectively measured physical activity (PA), sedentary time, and physical fitness with mental health in the early second trimester (16 ± 2 gestational weeks) of pregnancy. METHODS From 229 women initially contacted, 124 pregnant women participated in the present cross-sectional study. Data were collected between November 2015 and March 2017. The participants wore Actigraph GT3X+ Triaxial accelerometers for 9 consecutive days to objectively measure their PA levels and sedentary time. A performance-based test battery was used to measure physical fitness. Self-report questionnaires assessed psychological ill-being (i.e., negative affect, anxiety, and depression), and psychological well-being (i.e., emotional intelligence, resilience, and positive affect). Linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, educational level, accelerometer wear time, miscarriages, and low back pain. RESULTS Moderate-to-vigorous PA was negatively associated with depression (β = -0.222, adjusted R2 = 0.050, p = 0.041). Higher levels of sedentary time were negatively associated with positive affect (β = -0.260, adjusted R2 = 0.085, p = 0.017). Greater upper-body flexibility was positively associated with better emotional regulation (β = 0.195, adjusted R2= 0.030, p = 0.047). The remaining associations were not significant (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION An active lifestyle characterized by higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA and lower levels of sedentary time during pregnancy might modestly improve the mental health of pregnant women. Although previous research has focused on the benefits of cardiorespiratory exercise, the present study shows that only upper-body flexibility is related to emotional regulation in early pregnant women. If the present findings are corroborated in further experimental research, physical exercise programs should focus on enhancing flexibility to promote improvements in emotional regulation during early second-trimester of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Pedro Acosta-Manzano
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18007, Spain
| | - Irene Coll-Risco
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18007, Spain
| | - Lidia Romero-Gallardo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18007, Spain
| | - Milkana Borges-Cosic
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18007, Spain
| | - Fernando Estévez-López
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, CS Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Virginia A Aparicio
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada 18007, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada 18011, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Matsuo T, So R. Socioeconomic status relates to exercise habits and cardiorespiratory fitness among workers in the Tokyo area. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12187. [PMID: 33528871 PMCID: PMC7853199 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This survey aims to investigate consciousness regarding habitual exercise among workers in urban areas and to analyze the associations of workers' socioeconomic status with their habitual exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). METHODS Ten thousand participants, who worked in the Tokyo area of Japan, were recruited for the questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire elicited participant's characteristics, socioeconomic status (eg, employment status and annual income), habitual exercise status, and consciousness regarding exercising. After the data-cleaning procedure, 9406 participants were selected for analyses. CRF was estimated by a validated equation model. RESULTS Some (32.9%) participants had an exercise habit, and 93% recognized that exercise is good for health. Of the nonexercise habit group (n = 6308), 73% wanted to develop an exercise habit, and "spare time (40%)" and "financial capability (16%)" were the two most necessary conditions for habituating exercise. As socioeconomic statuses increased, the odds ratios (ORs) for engaging in habitual exercise increased among full-time (1.22) versus part-time (reference) employees and those having high (1.76) versus low (reference) incomes, whereas the ORs for low CRF risk decreased among full-time (0.78) versus part-time (reference) employees and those having high (0.53) versus low (reference) incomes. CONCLUSIONS Although most workers recognized the benefits of exercise, many were unable to develop exercise habits and believed that they could develop exercise habits if they had the time and financial capabilities. The survey suggests that workers with a higher socioeconomic status more likely to obtain favorable physical fitness, indicating a health disparity among workers in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Matsuo
- Ergonomics Research GroupNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, JapanKawasakiJapan
| | - Rina So
- Ergonomics Research GroupNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, JapanKawasakiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oliver MD, Morton AL, Baldwin DR, Datta S. A pilot study exploring the relationship between wellness and physical fitness: an examination into autonomic health. J Am Coll Health 2020; 68:712-719. [PMID: 30958733 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1596919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the relationship between physical fitness and wellness in order to determine if perceptions of wellness can be predicted by physical fitness level.Participants: Sixty-seven college students (41 females; M = 20.86 years, SD = 4.23 years) were recruited from a large southeastern university during March-May 2018.Methods: Baseline measures for skin conductance and heart rate variability were obtained. Participants completed a wellness questionnaire and a series of tests (body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and muscular fitness) designed to determine physical fitness levels. Correlation and regression analyses were run to explore relationships between physical fitness and wellness measures.Results: Muscular fitness and composite physical fitness significantly predicted perceived wellness. Heart rate variability was significantly related to physical fitness components.Conclusion: College students endorse muscular fitness as representative of health status; suggesting that by remaining physically active, in particular through muscular fitness, college student quality of life and cardiovascular health can be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Oliver
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alvin L Morton
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Debora R Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Subimal Datta
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Peralta M, Henriques-Neto D, Gouveia ÉR, Sardinha LB, Marques A. Promoting health-related cardiorespiratory fitness in physical education: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237019. [PMID: 32745088 PMCID: PMC7398517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This article aimed to systematically review the contribution of physical education (PE) classes to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children and adolescents; and to define potentially relevant factors for promoting CRF in PE classes. Methods Studies were identified from searches in ERIC, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. Primary source articles, relating PE classes and CRF, published up to July 2019 in peer-reviewed journals were eligible for inclusion. Specific inclusion criteria were: (a) having cross-sectional or longitudinal and observational or interventional study designs; (b) targeting school-aged children or adolescents; (c) measuring CRF, heart rate or CRF test results as an outcome; (d) having statistical analyses of the CRF, heart rate or CRF test results outcomes reported; (e) focusing on PE classes or PE interventions that did not extended time or frequency of the classes; and (f) published in English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish. Results A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 10 studies have found a neutral effect of PE classes in students’ CRF, eight studies found that PE indeed contributed to the improvement of CRF and six studies revealed mixed findings, when PE classes where controlled for others variables (e.g. body mass index, intensity). Higher intensity PE classes consistently demonstrated contributions to improving students’ CRF. Conclusion Review findings suggest that PE classes can contribute to the improvement of students’ CRF. Intensity, age and weight status were identified as potentially relevant factors for promoting CRF in PE classes. To improve CRF, higher intensity classes should be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peralta
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- Departamento de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute, LARSyS, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Luís B. Sardinha
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schilling R, Colledge F, Pühse U, Gerber M. Stress-buffering effects of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on metabolic syndrome: A prospective study in police officers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236526. [PMID: 32722703 PMCID: PMC7386627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide health concern related to cardiovascular disease. Stress at work increases the risk for MetS, whereas physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) have been shown to be potential buffers against stress. The aim of this study was to test the stress-buffering effects of physical activity and CF on the relationship between work stress and MetS. In a prospective study, we followed 97 police officers (mean age = 39.7 years; mean body mass index = 25.74 kg/m2) over one year and assessed MetS, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Stress at work was measured with the Job Content Questionnaire, as well as the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed objectively via 7-day accelerometry. CF was assessed with the Åstrand bicycle ergometer test. Hierarchical linear regression models were carried out to predict MetS at follow-up (mean overall MetS score = 1.22), after controlling for baseline levels and sociodemographic background (mean overall MetS score = 1.19). Higher CF levels were significantly associated with lower MetS risk at follow-up (β = -.38). By contrast, no main effects were found for physical activity and work stress. However, high effort and demand were significantly correlated with increased blood pressure (effort: r = .23 for systolic blood pressure; r = .21 for diastolic blood pressure) and waist circumference (effort: r = .26; demand: r = .23). Moreover, no significant interaction effects occurred between work stress and CF/physical activity. The results emphasize the importance of high levels of CF in the prevention of MetS in police officers. Accordingly, provision of regular training opportunities and repeated CF testing should be considered as a strategy in overall corporate health promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Schilling
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Flora Colledge
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gottschall JS, Davis JJ, Hastings B, Porter HJ. Exercise Time and Intensity: How Much Is Too Much? Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:808-815. [PMID: 32365286 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The growing prevalence and popularity of interval training necessitate additional guidelines in regard to maximal levels of time and intensity. PURPOSE To correlate salivary hormones and time in varying heart-rate (HR) zones. The hypothesis was that chronic exercise durations >9% of total exercise time in the >90% maximum HR zone would lead to decreased variation in salivary cortisol concentration after exercise in a 2-bout high-intensity protocol compared with less or more time in this zone. METHODS A total of 35 healthy adults who regularly exercised for an average of 8 hours per week recorded their HR during every training session for 3 weeks. Later, they completed an experimental day composed of two 30-minute high-intensity interval sessions separated by 4 hours of nonactive recovery. The authors collected saliva samples before, immediately following, and 30 minutes after each exercise session to assess changes in cortisol concentrations. RESULTS There was a correlation between weekly time training at an intensity >90% maximum HR and the variables associated with overtraining. Salivary cortisol concentration fluctuated less in the participants who exercised in this extreme zone for >40 minutes per week (P < .001). CONCLUSION Based on the current study data, for individuals who regularly exercise, 4% to 9% total training time above 90% maximum HR is the ideal duration to maximize fitness and minimize symptoms related to overreaching.
Collapse
|
12
|
Åvitsland A, Leibinger E, Haugen T, Lerum Ø, Solberg RB, Kolle E, Dyrstad SM. The association between physical fitness and mental health in Norwegian adolescents. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:776. [PMID: 32448149 PMCID: PMC7247223 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies indicate that health-related components of physical fitness are associated with mental health outcomes. However, research is scarce concerning this relationship in young adolescents in general and non-existent in Norwegian populations specifically. The aim of the study was to examine whether body composition, muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with self-reported mental health in Norwegian adolescents. METHODS Adolescents from four regions of Norway (n = 1486; mean age = 13.9; girls = 50.6%) participated. Self-reported mental health (psychological difficulties) was measured by completing the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed with an intermittent running test; muscular strength was assessed by measuring handgrip strength, standing broad jump and sit-ups; and body composition was assessed by calculating body mass index from weight and height. Linear mixed effects models were conducted to assess the associations between the health-related components of physical fitness and psychological difficulties. School clusters were included as random effects and all models were controlled for sex, socioeconomic status and birthplace (domestic or foreign). RESULTS Body composition was not associated with psychological difficulties. Muscular strength was independently associated with psychological difficulties, but when all independent variables were entered in the fully adjusted model, only cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with psychological difficulties. CONCLUSIONS There was a small but significant inverse association between cardiorespiratory fitness and levels of psychological difficulties in Norwegian adolescents. The results suggest that muscular strength is not associated with psychological difficulties in adolescents, when controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness. Future research should focus on the prospective association between physical fitness components and mental health outcomes in adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov ID nr: NCT03817047. Retrospectively registered January 25, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Åvitsland
- Department of Education and Sport Science, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Eva Leibinger
- Department of Education and Sport Science, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tommy Haugen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Øystein Lerum
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Runar B Solberg
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre M Dyrstad
- Department of Education and Sport Science, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miller KG, Hartman JM. Influence of physical activity on weight status during the first year of college. J Am Coll Health 2020; 68:258-262. [PMID: 30614774 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1539398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To provide an analysis of weight change in response to physical activity levels among first year college students. Participants: First year students (N = 114) participated during the 2012-2013 academic year. Methods: Using a web-based survey, researchers gathered information on physical activity and weight at three points: twice throughout the fall and once at the end of the spring semesters. Results: Over half (56.25%) of respondents reported weight gain (between 0.45 and 13.61 kg) from baseline to 9-month follow-up. Weight gainers reported an average gain of 4.20 kg. More than half of participants were not meeting minimal recommendations for cardiorespiratory fitness (59.5%) and strength (53.2%) by the end of the first year of college. Conclusion: This research provides support for intervention and implementation of strategies to promote self-regulation in college students during the transition to college. Addressing the importance of physical activity in weight maintenance is beneficial to first year students' well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn G Miller
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Hartman
- Department of Exercise Science, Gardner-Webb University, Boiling Springs, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Uebelacker LA, Sillice MA, Epstein-Lubow G, Battle CL, Anderson B, Caviness C, Miller IW, Abrantes AM. Combined intervention approaches for initiating and maintaining physical activity in depressed individuals: design and rationale of the Project MOVE randomized clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 91:105974. [PMID: 32151752 PMCID: PMC8017446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.105974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regular engagement in physical activity decreases risks for many chronic conditions, and may also improve depression symptoms. However, rates of physical activity and adherence to exercise interventions remain low among depressed individuals relative to non-depressed individuals. METHODS This is a study protocol for Project MOVE. This study is a theoretically-driven, 3-arm randomized controlled trial for increasing physical activity with depressed adults. Each successive arm includes an added component that may serve to increase and maintain physical activity. The arms are: 1) Brief advice (BA) to exercise alone (minimal treatment control condition); 2) BA + supervised and home-based exercise (SHE) + health education (HE; serves as contact control for CBEX); and 3) BA + SHE +cognitive-behavioral sessions focused on increasing and maintaining exercise (CBEX). The target sample size is 240. Assessments are conducted at baseline, Month 1.5, end of intervention (month 3), and at 6 and 9 months. The primary outcome is minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, assessed via an accelerometer. Secondary outcomes include cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and depression, and maintenance of moderate-vigorous physical activity through 6 and 9 month follow-ups. Mediators and moderators derived from behavior change theories, including the Health Behavior Model, Self-Determination Theory, and Social Ecological Theory, will be examined. CONCLUSION Project MOVE is designed to test primarily whether both a structured exercise program (SHE) and a cognitive-behavioral group (CBEX) increase physical activity in depressed adults during both a 3-month intervention period, and during the 6-months that follow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Uebelacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Psychosocial Research Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marie A Sillice
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Psychosocial Research Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Behavioral Medicine & Addiction Research, Butler Hospital, Providen,ce, RI, USA.
| | - Gary Epstein-Lubow
- Psychosocial Research Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Cynthia L Battle
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Psychosocial Research Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Women's Behavioral Health, Women & Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bradley Anderson
- Behavioral Medicine & Addiction Research, Butler Hospital, Providen,ce, RI, USA
| | - Celeste Caviness
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Behavioral Medicine & Addiction Research, Butler Hospital, Providen,ce, RI, USA
| | - Ivan W Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Psychosocial Research Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Behavioral Medicine & Addiction Research, Butler Hospital, Providen,ce, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lehmann N, Villringer A, Taubert M. Colocalized White Matter Plasticity and Increased Cerebral Blood Flow Mediate the Beneficial Effect of Cardiovascular Exercise on Long-Term Motor Learning. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2416-2429. [PMID: 32041897 PMCID: PMC7083530 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2310-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular exercise (CE) is a promising intervention strategy to facilitate cognition and motor learning in healthy and diseased populations of all ages. CE elevates humoral parameters, such as growth factors, and stimulates brain changes potentially relevant for learning and behavioral adaptations. However, the causal relationship between CE-induced brain changes and human's ability to learn remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that CE elicits a positive effect on learning via alterations in brain structure (morphological changes of gray and white matter) and function (functional connectivity and cerebral blood flow in resting state). We conducted a randomized controlled trial with healthy male and female human participants to compare the effects of a 2 week CE intervention against a non-CE control group on subsequent learning of a challenging new motor task (dynamic balancing; DBT) over 6 consecutive weeks. We used multimodal neuroimaging [T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted MRI, perfusion-weighted MRI, and resting state functional MRI] to investigate the neural mechanisms mediating between CE and learning. As expected, subjects receiving CE subsequently learned the DBT at a higher rate. Using a modified nonparametric combination approach along with multiple mediator analysis, we show that this learning boost was conveyed by CE-induced increases in cerebral blood flow in frontal brain regions and changes in white matter microstructure in frontotemporal fiber tracts. Our study revealed neural mechanisms for the CE-learning link within the brain, probably allowing for a higher flexibility to adapt to highly novel environmental stimuli, such as learning a complex task.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is established that cardiovascular exercise (CE) is an effective approach to promote learning and memory, yet little is known about the underlying neural transfer mechanisms through which CE acts on learning. We provide evidence that CE facilitates learning in human participants via plasticity in prefrontal white matter tracts and a colocalized increase in cerebral blood flow. Our findings are among the first to demonstrate a transfer potential of experience-induced brain plasticity. In addition to practical implications for health professionals and coaches, our work paves the way for future studies investigating effects of CE in patients suffering from prefrontal hypoperfusion or white matter diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Mind and Brain Institute, Charité and Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany, and
| | - Marco Taubert
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Santi-Cano MJ, Novalbos-Ruiz JP, Bernal-Jiménez MÁ, Bibiloni MDM, Tur JA, Rodriguez Martin A. Association of Adherence to Specific Mediterranean Diet Components and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Young Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:E776. [PMID: 32183454 PMCID: PMC7146290 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and a healthy diet may be part of an overall healthy lifestyle. The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and adherence to an overall Mediterranean Diet (MedD) pattern and specific MedD foods has been assessed. DESIGN Subjects completed a lifestyle survey and dietary pattern, using the validated MedD Adherence 14-item questionnaire and two self-reported 24-h dietary recalls. Participants' height, body weight, waist circumference (WC), and CRF (maximum oxygen uptake, VO2max, ml/kg/min) were measured. SETTING University of Cádiz, Spain. SUBJECTS A sample of young adults (n = 275, 22.2 ± 6.3 years). RESULTS Mean VO2max was 43.9 mL/kg/min (SD 8.5 mL/kg/min). Most participants had healthy CRF (75.9%). The average MedD score was 6.2 points (SD 1.8 points). Participants who consumed more servings of nuts had higher VO2max. Those who showed low CRF performed less physical activity (PA) and had a higher body mass index (BMI) and WC compared with those classified as having healthy CRF. Nut consumption was positively associated with VO2max (β = 0.320; 95% CI 2.4, 10.7; p < 0.002), adjusting for sex, age, smoking PA, BMI, WC, and energy intake, showing the subjects who consumed more nuts were fitter than young adults who consumed less. CONCLUSIONS CRF is positively associated with nut consumption but not with the overall MedD pattern and all other MedD foods in the young adults. The subjects who consumed more servings of nuts were fitter than young adults who consumed less. Moreover, fitter subjects performed more PA and had a lower BMI and WC than those who had lower fitness levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mª José Santi-Cano
- Research Group on Nutrition: Molecular, pathophysiological and social issues, University of Cádiz, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Pedro Novalbos-Ruiz
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain; (J.P.N.-R.); (A.R.M.)
| | - María Ángeles Bernal-Jiménez
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - María del Mar Bibiloni
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Amelia Rodriguez Martin
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain; (J.P.N.-R.); (A.R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Korman N, Armour M, Chapman J, Rosenbaum S, Kisely S, Suetani S, Firth J, Siskind D. High Intensity Interval training (HIIT) for people with severe mental illness: A systematic review & meta-analysis of intervention studies- considering diverse approaches for mental and physical recovery. Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112601. [PMID: 31883740 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a mortality gap of 15 to 20 years for people with severe mental illness (SMI - psychotic spectrum, bipolar, major depressive disorders). Modifiable risk factors include inactivity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Exercise can improve mental and physical outcomes; optimal type and intensity of exercise for people with SMI has yet to be determined. High Intensity Interval training (HIIT) is an exercise with distinct cardio-metabolic advantages in other disease populations compared to traditional moderate intensity continuous training (MCT). We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of HIIT for people with SMI. Major electronic databases were searched, identifying HIIT studies for adults experiencing SMI.Data on feasibility, safety, study design, sample characteristics, and physical and psychological outcomes were extracted and systematically reviewed. Meta-analyses were conducted within group, pre and post HIIT interventions, and between group, to compare HIIT with control conditions. Nine articles were identified including three pre/post studies, one non randomised and five randomised trials, (366 participants, 45.1% female). HIIT appears as feasible as MCT, with few safety concerns. Following HIIT, there was a moderate improvement in CRF and depression. There was no difference between HIIT and MCT for adherence or CRF.HIIT improved depression more than MCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Korman
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Michael Armour
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin Chapman
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steve Kisely
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shuichi Suetani
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ye S, Pope ZC, Lee JE, Gao Z. Effects of School-Based Exergaming on Urban Children's Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16214080. [PMID: 31652857 PMCID: PMC6862233 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Modern-day technology is appealing to children. Few studies, however, have conducted longitudinal analyses of a school-based exergaming program’s effect on physical activity (PA) behaviors and fitness in children. Therefore, this study examined the longitudinal effect of an 8-month school-based exergaming intervention on children’s objectively-measured PA and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Materials and Methods: Eighty-one fourth grade students (X¯age = 9.23 ± 0.62; 39 girls; 54.3% African American, 30.9% Non-Hispanic White, 14.8% other) participated in this study from 2014–2015. The intervention school’s children participated in a once-weekly 50-min exergaming intervention during recess throughout the school year, while the control school continued regular recess. Children’s in-school PA and sedentary behavior (SB) were measured with ActiGraphGT3X+ accelerometers, with CRF assessed via the half-mile run. All measurements were taken at baseline, mid-intervention (four months) and post-intervention (eight months). Repeated-measures two-way ANCOVAs using age and race as covariates were conducted to examine between-school differences over time for SB, light PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and CRF. Results: Significant time by group interactions were observed for LPA, F(1, 79) = 7.82, η2 = 0.09, p < 0.01, and MVPA, F(1, 79) = 4.58, η2 = 0.06, p < 0.05, as LPA increased among the control group, while MVPA increased among intervention group. Children in both groups experienced decreased SB during the intervention (intervention: −7.63 min; control: −17.59 min), but demonstrated lower CRF over time (intervention: +46.73 s; control: +61.60 s). Conclusions: Observations suggested that school-based exergaming implementation may be effective in increasing children’s MVPA and decreasing their SB over the course an academic year (i.e., ~eight months). More research is needed, however, to discern how modifications to school-based exergaming might also promote improved CRF in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyue Ye
- Institute of Child Development, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zachary C Pope
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - Zan Gao
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kandola A, Ashdown-Franks G, Stubbs B, Osborn DPJ, Hayes JF. The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and the incidence of common mental health disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:748-757. [PMID: 31398589 PMCID: PMC6997883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated with a lower incidence of common mental health disorder, but less is known about the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). METHODS In this review, we systematically evaluated the relationship between CRF and the incidence of common mental health disorders in prospective cohort studies. We systematically searched six major electronic databases from inception to 23rd of May 2019. We assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS We were able to pool the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of four studies including at least 27,733,154 person-years of data. We found that low CRF (HR = 1.47, [95% CI 1.23 - 1.76] p < 0.001 I2 = 85.1) and medium CRF (HR = 1.23, [95% CI 1.09 - 1.38] p < 0.001 I2 = 87.20) CRF are associated with a 47% and 23% greater risk of a common mental health disorders respectively, compared with high CRF. We found evidence to suggest a dose-response relationship between CRF and the risk of common mental health disorders. LIMITATIONS We were only able to identify a small number of eligible studies from our search and heterogeneity was substantial in the subsequent meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that there is a longitudinal association between CRF levels and the risk of a common mental health disorder. CRF levels could be useful for identifying and preventing common mental health disorders at a population-level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7BN, UK.
| | - G Ashdown-Franks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, UK; Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, ON M5S, Canada
| | - B Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, UK; Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley National Health Services Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - D P J Osborn
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7BN, UK
| | - J F Hayes
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7BN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nauman J, Nes BM, Zisko N, Revdal A, Myers J, Kaminsky LA, Wisløff U. Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI): A new standard in activity tracking for obtaining a healthy cardiorespiratory fitness level and low cardiovascular risk. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 62:179-185. [PMID: 30797801 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite all the evidence of health benefits related to physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), low levels of PA have reached pandemic proportions, and inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Lack of time, and inability to self-manage are often cited as main barriers to getting adequate PA. Recently, a new personalized metric for PA tracking named Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI) was developed with the aim to make it easier to quantify how much PA per week is needed to reduce the risk of premature mortality from non-communicable diseases. PAI can be integrated in self-assessment heart rate devices and defines a weekly beneficial heart rate pattern during PA by considering the individual's sex, age, and resting and maximal heart rates. Among individuals ranging from the general population to subgroups of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), a PAI score ≥100 per week at baseline, an increase in PAI score, and a sustained high PAI score over time were found to delay premature death from CVD and all causes, regardless of whether or not the current PA recommendations were met. Importantly, a PAI score ≥100 at baseline, maintaining ≥100 PAIs and an increasing PAI score over time was associated with multiple years of life gained. Moreover, obtaining a weekly PAI ≥100 attenuated the deleterious association between CVD risk factor clustering and prolonged sitting time. PAI and objectively measured CRF (as indicated by VO2peak) were positively associated in a graded fashion, and individuals with a PAI score between 100 and 150 had expected age and sex specific average VO2peak values. A PAI score ≥100 was associated with higher VO2peak in both men (4.1 mL·kg-1·min-1; 95% CI, 3.5 to 4.6) and women (2.9 mL·kg-1·min-1; 95% CI, 2.4 to 3.3), compared to the reference group of <100 PAI. The combined analysis of PAI, PA and VO2peak demonstrated that a PAI score ≥100 was associated with high VO2peak values regardless of meeting or not meeting the current PA recommendations. Collectively, these findings suggest that PAI has the potential to be a useful tool to motivate people to become and stay physically active by quantifying the amount of PA needed to produce significant health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javaid Nauman
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bjarne M Nes
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nina Zisko
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Revdal
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Veterans Affair Palo Alto Health Care system, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Leonard A Kaminsky
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Flynn RM, Staiano AE, Beyl R, Richert RA, Wartella E, Calvert SL. The Influence of Active Gaming on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Black and Hispanic Youth. J Sch Health 2018; 88:768-775. [PMID: 30203482 PMCID: PMC6134876 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth in the United States have low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, a risk factor for childhood obesity. Lower levels of physical fitness for black and Hispanic youth contribute to health disparities. In this feasibility study, we examined active video games (AVGs) as a tool to improve fitness and attitudes toward physical activity during early adolescence. METHOD A 6-week AVG program took place in a youth development program in a high-poverty neighborhood in New York City. Youth aged 10 to 15 years (50% overweight or obese) participated in 2 fitness tests and completed surveys that captured barriers to physical activity pre- and postintervention. Each week, participants played Wii Fit games for 30 minutes. RESULTS Participants improved the number of sit-ups and step-ups they completed from pre- to postintervention (p < .05). Participants also increased their self-efficacy, intention to exercise and perceived social support to exercise (p < .05). Youth reported a high level of enjoyment and perceived Wii Fit as ways to increase physical fitness and increase their physical activity. CONCLUSION AVGs may be a viable alternative exercise program to increase physical activity for black and Hispanic youth living in poverty-impacted neighborhoods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Flynn
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North St. Clair, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Amanda E Staiano
- Pediatric Obesity and Health Behavior Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Robbie Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Rebekah A Richert
- University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Ellen Wartella
- Communications Studies, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Sandra L Calvert
- Children's Digital Media Center, Georgetown University, 302B White-Gravenor, 37th and O Streets, N.W. Washington, DC 20057
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Werneck AO, Silva DR, Agostinete RR, Fernandes RA, Ronque ERV, Cyrino ES. Social, behavioral and biological correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness according to sex, nutritional status and maturity status among adolescents. A cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2018; 136:237-244. [PMID: 29947698 PMCID: PMC9907740 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0405190218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to analyze multilevel correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) according to sex, nutritional status and maturity status among adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study conducted in public schools. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study on 1,209 adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years. CRF was estimated from the 20-meter shuttle run test. Anthropometric data on body mass index and waist circumference were obtained. Somatic maturation was assessed from the peak height velocity. Questionnaires were used to evaluate socioeconomic variables (family income, parents' education level and number of siblings) and behavioral variables (physical activity, screen time and alcohol and tobacco consumption) among the parents and adolescents. RESULTS Boys, adolescents with normal weight and on-time maturers presented greater CRF (P < 0.05). Concerning socioeconomic correlates, girls (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and screen time), adolescents with normal weight (alcohol consumption, physical activity and screen time), and on-time maturers (alcohol consumption, physical activity during childhood and habitual physical activity) demonstrated higher numbers of behavioral correlates with CRF. Normal-weight adolescents presented a higher number of biological correlates (chronological age, age at peak height velocity and waist circumference). CONCLUSIONS Different correlates were observed according to sex, nutritional status and somatic maturation status. However, habitual physical activity, waist circumference and chronological age seemed to be the strongest factors associated with cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Oliveira Werneck
- Undergraduate Student, Centro de Educação Física e Esporte (CEFE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina (PR), Brazil
| | - Danilo Rodrigues Silva
- PhD. Professor, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão (SE), Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
- Doctoral Student, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- PhD. Professor, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque
- PhD. Professor, Centro de Ciências da Saude (CCS), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina (PR), Brazil
| | - Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino
- PhD. Professor, Centro de Ciências da Saude (CCS), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina (PR), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Esteban-Cornejo I, Migueles JH, Mora-Gonzalez J, Henriksson P, Martín-Matillas M, Mena-Molina A, Molina-García P, Estévez-López F, Enriquez GM, Perales JC, Ruiz JR, Catena A, Ortega FB. Physical fitness and psychological health in overweight/obese children: A cross-sectional study from the ActiveBrains project. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:179-184. [PMID: 29031643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of physical fitness (i.e. cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed/agility) with psychological distress and psychological well-being in overweight/obese pre-adolescent children. DESIGN 110 overweight/obese children (10.0±1.1years old, 61 boys) from the ActiveBrains project (http://profith.ugr.es/activebrains) participated in this cross-sectional study. METHODS Physical fitness was evaluated by the ALPHA battery test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was additionally evaluated by a maximal incremental treadmill. Stress was assessed by the Children's Daily Stress Inventory, anxiety by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, depression by the Children Depression Inventory, positive affect and negative affect by the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children, happiness by the Subjective Happiness Scale, optimism by the Life Orientation Test, and self-esteem by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem questionnaire. Linear regression adjusted for sex and peak height velocity was used to examine associations. RESULTS Absolute upper-body muscular strength was negatively associated with stress and negative affect (β=-0.246, p=0.047; β=-0.329, p=0.010, respectively). Furthermore, absolute lower-body muscular strength was negatively associated with negative affect (β=-0.301, p=0.029). Cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed by the last completed lap, and relative upper-body muscular strength were positively associated with optimism (β=0.220, p=0.042; β=0.240, p=0.017, respectively). Finally, absolute upper-body muscular strength was positively associated with self-esteem (β=0.362, p=0.003) independently of sex and weight status (p for interactions >0.3), and absolute lower-body muscular strength was also positively associated with self-esteem (β=0.352, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Muscular strength was associated with psychological distress (i.e. stress and negative affect) and psychological well-being (i.e. optimism and self-esteem) as well as cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with optimism. Therefore, increased levels of physical fitness, specifically muscular strength, could have significant benefits for overweight/obese children psychological health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - I Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J H Migueles
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Henriksson
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - M Martín-Matillas
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A Mena-Molina
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Molina-García
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F Estévez-López
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - G M Enriquez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J C Perales
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - A Catena
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sui X, Ott J, Becofsky K, Lavie CJ, Ernstsen L, Zhang J, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and All-Cause Mortality in Men With Emotional Distress. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92:918-924. [PMID: 28499513 PMCID: PMC5524050 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental health and emotional disorders are often associated with higher mortality risk. Whether higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) reduces the risk for all-cause mortality in individuals with emotional distress is not well known. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants were 5240 men (mean age 46.5±9.5 years) with emotional distress (including depression, anxiety, thoughts of suicide, or a history of psychiatric or psychological counseling) who completed an extensive medical examination between 1987 and 2002, and were followed for all-cause mortality through December 31, 2003. Cardiorespiratory fitness was quantified as maximal treadmill exercise test duration and was grouped for analysis as low, moderate, and high. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS During a median of 8.7 years (range, 1.0-16.9 years) and 46,217 person-years of follow-up, there were 128 deaths from any cause. Age- and examination year-adjusted all-cause mortality rates per 10,000 person-years according to low, moderate, and high CRF groups were 64.7 (95% CI, 44.9-89.3), 28.0 (95% CI, 23.8-31.5), and 19.6 (95% CI, 17.1-21.6) (trend P<.001) in men who reported any emotional distress. Overall, the multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs across incremental CRF categories were 1.00 (referent), 0.54 (0.32-0.90), and 0.47 (0.26-0.85), linear trend P =.03. CONCLUSION Among men with emotional distress, higher CRF is associated with lower risk of dying, independent of other clinical mortality predictors. Our findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity to maintain a healthful level of CRF in individuals with emotional distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- Reprints and Correspondence: Xuemei Sui, MD, MPH, PhD, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208; Telephone: 803-777-3881; Fax: 803-777-2504;
| | - John Ott
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- Reprints and Correspondence: Xuemei Sui, MD, MPH, PhD, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208; Telephone: 803-777-3881; Fax: 803-777-2504;
| | - Katie Becofsky
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Hearth and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Linda Ernstsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Steven N. Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Reece LJ, Sachdev P, Copeland RJ, Thomson M, Wales JK, Wright NP. Intra-gastric balloon as an adjunct to lifestyle support in severely obese adolescents; impact on weight, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and psychosocial well-being. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:591-597. [PMID: 27795553 PMCID: PMC5382282 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe adolescent obesity (body mass index (BMI) >99.6th centile) is a significant public health challenge. Current non-invasive treatments, including community-based lifestyle interventions, are often of limited effectiveness in this population, with NICE guidelines suggesting the use of bariatric surgery as the last line of treatment. Health professionals are understandably reluctant to commission bariatric surgery and as an alternative, the use of an intra-gastric balloon as an adjunct to a lifestyle programme might offer a reversible, potentially safer and less invasive option. OBJECTIVES Explore the use of an intra-gastric balloon as an adjunct to a lifestyle support programme, to promote weight loss in severely obese adolescents. Outcomes included weight loss, waist and hip measurements, psychosocial outcomes including health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical self perceptions, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. METHOD Non-randomised pilot study. RESULTS Twelve severely obese adolescents (5 males, 7 females; mean age 15 years; BMI >3.5 s.d.; puberty stage 4 or more) and their families were recruited. Mean weight loss at 12 months (n=9) was 3.05 kg±14.69; d=0.002, P=0.550, and a BMI Z-score (n=12) change of 0.2 s.d.; d=0.7, P=0.002 was observed at 6 months with a large effect, but was not sustained at 12 months (mean change 0.1 s.d.; d=0.3, P=0.146). At 24 months (n=10), there was a weight gain from baseline of +9.9 kg±1.21 (d=0.4; P=0.433). Adolescent and parent HRQoL scores exceeded the minimal clinical important difference between baseline and 12 months for all domains but showed some decline at 24 months. CONCLUSION An intra-gastric balloon as an adjunct to a lifestyle support programme represents a safe and well-tolerated treatment approach in severely obese adolescents, with short-term effects on weight change. Improvements in psychosocial health, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness were maintained at 12 months, with varying results at 24 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Reece
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - P Sachdev
- Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - R J Copeland
- The National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine and The Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - M Thomson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - J K Wales
- Service Group Director Endocrinology & Nephrology, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - N P Wright
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Suchert V, Hanewinkel R, Isensee B. Longitudinal Relationships of Fitness, Physical Activity, and Weight Status With Academic Achievement in Adolescents. J Sch Health 2016; 86:734-741. [PMID: 27619764 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity (PA) and weight status with academic achievement 1 year later. In addition, the mediating role of psychological variables was tested. METHODS Longitudinal analyses included 1011 German students (M = 14.1 years, SD = 0.6 years). Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined with the 20 m shuttle run test. Compliance with PA guidelines was assessed through questionnaire. Weight status was based on body mass index percentiles. As proxy of academic achievement students' self-reported grades in Mathematics and German in their midterm report were averaged. Mediation analyses were conducted at follow-up testing general self-efficacy, depressed affect, and attention/hyperactivity problems. RESULTS High levels of cardiorespiratory fitness predicted higher educational attainment (p = .007), while we found no longitudinal association for PA and weight status (p > .253). However, students being insufficiently physically active at baseline but meet PA guidelines at follow-up showed a significant improvement in educational attainment. The cross-sectional association between PA and academic achievement was mediated by students' general self-efficacy. CONCLUSION High fitness in adolescence is associated with higher subsequent academic achievement. The promotion of PA might benefit school performance because of enhanced fitness levels in the long-term and positive influences of PA in the shortterm. The association between weight status and educational attainment remains controversial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Suchert
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research (IFT-Nord), Harmsstrasse 2, 24114 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Reiner Hanewinkel
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research (IFT-Nord), Harmsstrasse 2, 24114 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Barbara Isensee
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research (IFT-Nord), Harmsstrasse 2, 24114 Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vancampfort D, Sienaert P, Wyckaert S, Probst M, De Herdt A, De Hert M, Stubbs B, Buys R. Cardiorespiratory fitness in outpatients with bipolar disorder versus matched controls: An exploratory study. J Affect Disord 2016; 199:1-5. [PMID: 27046322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are approximately twice as likely to die prematurely due cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than the general population. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important health outcome measure, predictive for CVD and premature mortality. AIMS The aim of the current study was to compare the CRF of outpatients with BD versus age-, gender-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls (HC). A secondary aim was to assess potential correlates of CRF. METHODS All participants underwent a maximal incremental exercise test to measure the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max, the golden standard assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness), wore a Body Sensewear Armband for 5 subsequent days to assess their physical activity behavior and completed the Positive-and-Negative-Affect-Schedule (PANAS). RESULTS Outpatients with BD (n=20; 47.8±7.6years) had a significantly lower VO2max compared with HC (n=20; 47.8±7.6years) (26.0±7.3 versus 30.4±6.5ml/min/kg, P=0.047). A higher VO2max was correlated with younger age, higher active energy expenditure, higher PANAS positive and lower PANAS negative affect scores and a lower antipsychotic medication dose. LIMITATIONS The limited sample and cross-sectional design preclude definitive conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Compared with HC, outpatients with BD have reduced CRF levels of approximately 4.4ml/min/kg. In the general population such reductions are associated with a 20% increased premature mortality risk. Interventions targeting CRF in BD are required. Although more research is needed, clinicians should consider the utility of objective assessments of CRF for risk stratification in outpatient settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Sabine Wyckaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Michel Probst
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amber De Herdt
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc De Hert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Roselien Buys
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|