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Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Esteban-Cornejo I, Verdejo-Román J, Muetzel RL, Mora-Gonzalez J, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Plaza-Florido A, Molina-Garcia P, Kramer AF, Catena A, Ortega FB. Physical fitness and white matter microstructure in children with overweight or obesity: the ActiveBrains project. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12469. [PMID: 32719329 PMCID: PMC7385257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies investigated the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with white matter microstructure in children, yet little work has explored to what extent other components of physical fitness (i.e., muscular or motor fitness) are associated with white matter microstructure. Indeed, this association has not been previously explored in children with overweight/obesity who present a different white matter development. Therefore, we aimed to examine associations between physical fitness components and white matter microstructure in children with overweight/obesity. In total, 104 (10.04 ± 1.15 years old; 43 girls) children were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical fitness was assessed using the ALPHA-fitness test battery. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity were derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). No association was found between physical fitness and global DTI metrics (all P > 0.082). Within individual tracts, all associations became non-significant when analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Using the voxel-wise approach, we identified a small cluster in the left lateral frontal lobe where children with greater upper-body muscular fitness showed higher FA (PFWE-corrected = 0.042). Although our results cannot conclude physical fitness is related to white matter microstructure in children with overweight/obesity; those findings indicate that the association of muscular fitness with white matter microstructure might be more focal on frontal areas of the brain, as opposed to global differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - I Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - J Verdejo-Román
- The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Madrid, Spain
| | - R L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - A Plaza-Florido
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - P Molina-Garcia
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - A F Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - A Catena
- The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Granada, Spain.,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Group MLO, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
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Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Esteban-Cornejo I, Migueles JH, Mora-Gonzalez J, Henriksson P, Martín-Matillas M, Mena-Molina A, Molina-García P, Estévez-López F, Enriquez GM, Perales JC, Ruiz JR, Catena A, Ortega FB. Physical fitness and psychological health in overweight/obese children: A cross-sectional study from the ActiveBrains project. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:179-184. [PMID: 29031643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of physical fitness (i.e. cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed/agility) with psychological distress and psychological well-being in overweight/obese pre-adolescent children. DESIGN 110 overweight/obese children (10.0±1.1years old, 61 boys) from the ActiveBrains project (http://profith.ugr.es/activebrains) participated in this cross-sectional study. METHODS Physical fitness was evaluated by the ALPHA battery test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was additionally evaluated by a maximal incremental treadmill. Stress was assessed by the Children's Daily Stress Inventory, anxiety by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, depression by the Children Depression Inventory, positive affect and negative affect by the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children, happiness by the Subjective Happiness Scale, optimism by the Life Orientation Test, and self-esteem by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem questionnaire. Linear regression adjusted for sex and peak height velocity was used to examine associations. RESULTS Absolute upper-body muscular strength was negatively associated with stress and negative affect (β=-0.246, p=0.047; β=-0.329, p=0.010, respectively). Furthermore, absolute lower-body muscular strength was negatively associated with negative affect (β=-0.301, p=0.029). Cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed by the last completed lap, and relative upper-body muscular strength were positively associated with optimism (β=0.220, p=0.042; β=0.240, p=0.017, respectively). Finally, absolute upper-body muscular strength was positively associated with self-esteem (β=0.362, p=0.003) independently of sex and weight status (p for interactions >0.3), and absolute lower-body muscular strength was also positively associated with self-esteem (β=0.352, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Muscular strength was associated with psychological distress (i.e. stress and negative affect) and psychological well-being (i.e. optimism and self-esteem) as well as cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with optimism. Therefore, increased levels of physical fitness, specifically muscular strength, could have significant benefits for overweight/obese children psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - I Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J H Migueles
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Henriksson
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - M Martín-Matillas
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A Mena-Molina
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Molina-García
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F Estévez-López
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - G M Enriquez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J C Perales
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - A Catena
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Velasco-Torres M, Padial-Molina M, Avila-Ortiz G, García-Delgado R, Catena A, Galindo-Moreno P. Inferior alveolar nerve trajectory, mental foramen location and incidence of mental nerve anterior loop. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e630-e635. [PMID: 28809376 PMCID: PMC5694187 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Injury of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a serious intraoperative complication that may occur during routine surgical procedures, such as dental implant placement or extraction of impacted teeth. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the trajectory of the mandibular canal (MC), the location of the mental foramen (MF) and the presence and extension of an anterior loop of the mental nerve (AL). STUDY DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, a total of 348 CBCTs were analyzed. Distances from MC to the surface of the basal, medial and lateral cortical of the mandible were measured at the level of the second molar, first molar and second premolar. Location of the MF relative to the apices of the premolars, as well as incidence and anterior extent of the AL were also determined. RESULTS Significant and clinically relevant correlations were found between the position of the MC in women, which was located more caudal (r=-0.219, p=0.007; r=-0.276, p<0.001; right and left, respectively) and lateral (r=-0.274, p=0.001; r=-0.285, p<0.001; right and left, respectively), particularly at the level of the premolars. Additionally, the presence (r=-0.181, p=0.001; r=-0.163, p=0.002; right and left, respectively) and anterior extension (r=-0.180, p=0.009; r=-0.285, p=0.05; right and left, respectively) of the AL was found to be inversely correlated with the age of the patient. CONCLUSIONS This analysis of a Caucasian population has found that the older the patient, the lower the incidence of the loop and the shorter its anterior extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Velasco-Torres
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain,
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Monje A, Aranda L, Diaz KT, Alarcón MA, Bagramian RA, Wang HL, Catena A. Impact of Maintenance Therapy for the Prevention of Peri-implant Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Dent Res 2015; 95:372-9. [PMID: 26701350 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515622432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
At the present time, peri-implantitis has become a global burden that occurs with a frequency from 1% to 47% at implant level. Therefore, we aimed herein at assessing the impact of peri-implant maintenance therapy (PIMT) on the prevention of peri-implant diseases. Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted by 3 independent reviewers using several databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, for articles up to June 2015 without language restriction. Articles were included if they were clinical trials aimed at demonstrating the incidence of peri-implant diseases under a strict regime or not of PIMT. Implant survival and failure rate were studied as secondary outcomes. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of PIMT and other reported variables upon peri-implant diseases. Thirteen and 10 clinical trials were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. Mucositis was affected by history of periodontitis and mean PIMT at implant and patient levels, respectively. Similarly, significant effects of history of periodontal disease were obtained for peri-implantitis for both implant and patient levels. Furthermore, mean PIMT interval was demonstrated to influence the incidence of peri-implantitis at implant but not patient level. PIMT interval showed significance at both levels. For implant survival, implants under PIMT have 0.958 the incident event than those with no PIMT. Within the limitations of the present systematic review, it can be concluded that implant therapy must not be limited to the placement and restoration of dental implants but to the implementation of PIMT to potentially prevent biologic complications and hence to heighten the long-term success rate. Although it must be tailored to a patient's risk profiling, our findings suggest reason to claim a minimum recall PIMT interval of 5 to 6 mo. Additionally, it must be stressed that even in the establishment of PIMT, biologic complications might occur. Thus, patient-, clinical-, and implant-related factors must be thoroughly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monje
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L Aranda
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Perú
| | - K T Diaz
- Department of Oral Implantology, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Perú
| | - M A Alarcón
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Perú
| | - R A Bagramian
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - H L Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Di Stasi LL, Cabestrero R, McCamy MB, Rios F, Catena A, Quiros P, Lopez JA, Saez C, Macknik SL, Martinez-Conde S. Hypobaric hypoxia increases intersaccadic drift velocity. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Marfil-Álvarez R, Mesa F, Arrebola-Moreno A, Ramírez-Hernández JA, Magán-Fernández A, O'Valle F, Galindo-Moreno P, Catena A. Acute myocardial infarct size is related to periodontitis extent and severity. J Dent Res 2014; 93:993-8. [PMID: 25139359 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514548223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has been associated with 40% of deaths in high-income countries and 28% in lower-income countries. The relationship between periodontitis and acute myocardial infarction is well documented, but it has not been established whether the extent and severity of periodontitis influence the infarct size. This cross-sectional and analytic study was designed to investigate the association of chronic periodontitis extent and severity with acute myocardial infarct size as indicated by serum cardiac troponin I and myoglobin levels. Sociodemographic, periodontal, cardiologic, and hematologic variables were gathered in 112 consecutive patients with myocardial infarction. The extent (Arbes Index) and severity (Periodontal Inflammatory Severity Index) of the chronic periodontitis were significantly associated with troponin I levels after controlling for sociodemographic and clinical confounders (change in R (2) = .041, p < .02, and R (2) = .031, p = .04). However, only the extent index accounted for levels of myoglobin (change in R (2) = .030, p < .05), total leukocytes (change in R (2) = .041 p < .02), and neutrophils (change in R (2) = .059, p < .01). Mediated regression analysis showed that leukocytes and neutrophils may underlie these observed relationships of chronic periodontitis with troponin I and myoglobin. To our knowledge, this study contributes the first research data demonstrating that the extent and severity of periodontitis is positively associated with acute myocardial infarct size as measured by serum troponin I and myoglobin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marfil-Álvarez
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F Mesa
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A Arrebola-Moreno
- Department of Cardiology, "Vírgen de las Nieves" Hospital and University of Granada, Spain
| | - J A Ramírez-Hernández
- Department of Cardiology, "Vírgen de las Nieves" Hospital and University of Granada, Spain
| | - A Magán-Fernández
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F O'Valle
- Departments of Pathology, School of Medicine and Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Galindo-Moreno
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
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Galindo-Moreno P, León-Cano A, Ortega-Oller I, Monje A, Suárez F, ÓValle F, Spinato S, Catena A. Prosthetic Abutment Height is a Key Factor in Peri-implant Marginal Bone Loss. J Dent Res 2014; 93:80S-85S. [PMID: 24621670 PMCID: PMC4293716 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513519800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the influence of prosthetic abutment height on marginal bone loss (MBL) around implants in the posterior maxilla. In this retrospective cohort study, the radiographically determined MBL was related to the height of the abutments of internal conical connection implants at 6 and 18 months post-loading. Data were gathered on age, sex, bone substratum, smoking habit, history of periodontitis, and prosthetic features, among other variables. A linear mixed model was used for statistical analysis. The study included 131 patients receiving 315 implants. MBL rates at 6 and 18 months were mainly affected by the abutment height but were also significantly influenced by the bone substratum, periodontitis, and smoking habit. MBL rates were higher for prosthetic abutment < 2 mm vs. ≥ 2 mm, for periodontal vs. non-periodontal patients, for grafted vs. pristine bone, and for a heavier smoking habit. The abutment height is a key factor in MBL. MBL rates followed a non-linear trend, with a greater MBL rate during the first 6 months post-loading than during the next 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Galindo-Moreno
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A León-Cano
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - I Ortega-Oller
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A Monje
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - F Suárez
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - F ÓValle
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine & IBIMER, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - S Spinato
- Unit of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Arrebola-Moreno A, Marfil-Alvarez R, Catena A, García-Retamero R, Arrebola J, Melgares-Moreno R, Ramirez-Hernández J, Kaski J. Body mass index and myocardium at risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Rev Clin Esp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nguyen T, Catena A, Frierich N, Iturbe N, Civit N, Muro A. Personality profiles of intimate partner violence offenders assessed with the personality assessment inventory. Personality and Individual Differences 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arrebola-Moreno AL, Marfil-Alvarez R, Catena A, García-Retamero R, Arrebola JP, Melgares-Moreno R, Ramirez-Hernández JA, Kaski JC. Body mass index and myocardium at risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Rev Clin Esp 2014; 214:113-20. [PMID: 24560733 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Whilst traditional studies have shown that obese individuals are at a higher risk of cardiovascular events compared to lean subjects, recent studies in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have suggested that obesity may exert protective effects (the "obesity paradox"). We sought to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the BARI score (BARIsc), a validated tool used to assess myocardium at risk, in patients with acute coronary syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants were 116 consecutive patients (mean age, 60.6 years; 97 men) with AMI (68 ST elevated myocardial infarction, STEMI; 48 non-ST elevated myocardial infarction, NSTEMI). Demographics, BMI, risk factors, biochemistry data, left ventricular function, angiographic data and the BARIsc were assessed in every patient. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analyses showed that BMI significantly correlated with BARIsc; β=.23, p<0.02. This was found only in the overweight/obese patients, β=.27, p<0.01, but not in patients with normal BMIs, β=0.08, p=0.71. CONCLUSIONS An increased body weight is associated with an increased area of myocardium at risk in patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Arrebola-Moreno
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - R Marfil-Alvarez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R García-Retamero
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J P Arrebola
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R Melgares-Moreno
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | - J C Kaski
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Fuentes LJ, Carmona E, Agis IF, Catena A. The Role of the Anterior Attention System in Semantic Processing of both Foveal and Parafoveal Words. J Cogn Neurosci 2013; 6:17-25. [PMID: 23962327 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.1994.6.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This research takes advantage of combined cognitive and anatomical studies to ask whether attention is necessary for high-level word processing to occur. In Experiment 1 we used a lexical decision task in which two prime words, one in the fovea and the other in the parafovea, appeared simultaneously for 150 msec, followed by a foveal target (word/nonword). Target words were semantically related either to the foveal or to the parafoveal word, or unrelated to them. In one block of trials subjects were also required to perform an auditory shadowing task. From PET studies we know that shadowing activates the anterior cingulate cortex, involved in selective attention. If the anterior attention system is always involved in semantic processing, shadowing should reduce semantic priming obtained from both foveal and parafoveal words. In contrast, if semantic priming by parafoveal words is independent of activation in that attention area, priming will not be affected by shadowing. Our results supported the latter hypothesis. A large priming effect arose from foveal primes, which was reduced by shadowing. For parafoveal primes a smaller priming effect arose, which was not affected by shadowing. In Experiment 2 prime words were masked. Semantic priming was reliable for both foveal and parafoveal words but there were then no differences between them. Most important, the size of priming was similar to that obtained from parafoveal words in Experiment 1. We conclude that the anterior attention system increases the potency of processing of consciously perceived stimuli, but there is a component of semantic priming that occurs without both focusing of attention and awareness, involving different cerebral areas to those involved in attention to language.
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Di Stasi LL, McCamy MB, Catena A, Macknik S, Canas JJ, Martinez-Conde S. Microsaccade and drift dynamics reflect mental fatigue during visual search. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
A classical definition of automaticity establishes that automatic processing occurs without attention or consciousness, and cannot be controlled. Previous studies have demonstrated that semantic priming can be reduced if attention is directed to a low-level of analysis. This finding suggests that semantic processing is not automatic since it can be controlled. In this paper, we present two experiments that demonstrate that semantic processing may occur in the absence of attention and consciousness. A negative semantic priming effect was found when a low-level prime-task was required and when a masked lexical decision prime-task was performed (Experiment 1). This paper also discusses the limitations of the inhibitory mechanism involved in negative semantic priming effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Valdés
- University of Wales, Bangor, Adeilad Brigantia, Penrallt Road, Gwynedd LL57 2AS, UK.
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15
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Marí-Beffa P, Fuentes LJ, Catena A, Houghton G. Semantic priming in the prime task effect: evidence of automatic semantic processing of distractors. Mem Cognit 2000; 28:635-47. [PMID: 10946546 DOI: 10.3758/bf03201253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The automaticity of the semantic processing of words has been questioned because of the reduction of semantic priming when the prime word is processed nonsemantically--for example, in letter search (the prime task effect). In two experiments, prime distractor words produced semantic priming in a subsequent lexical decision task, but with the direction of priming (positive or negative) depending on the prime task. Lexico-semantic tasks produced negative semantic priming, whereas letter search produced positive semantic priming. These results are discussed in terms of task-based inhibition. We argue that, given the results from the distractors, the absence of semantic priming does not indicate an absence of semantic activation but reflects the action of control processes on prepotent responses when less practiced responses are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marí-Beffa
- School of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor.
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16
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Abstract
In 5 experiments the authors examine the role of object-based grouping on negative priming. The experiments used a letter-matching task with multiple letters presented in temporally separated prime and probe displays. On mismatch trials, distractor letters in primes were repeated as targets in probes, or distractor and target letters were completely different. Negative priming was shown by slowed responses when distractors were repeated as targets relative to when the stimuli differed. This occurred both when only letters were presented (Experiments 1 and 4) and when letters were surrounded by boxes (Experiment 5). Experiments 2, 3, and 4 showed that negative priming was affected by the grouping of target and distractor letters in prime displays. Negative priming was reduced when 1 of the distractor letters was placed in the target box and 1 was left outside the box; facilitatory priming was observed when both distractor letters appeared in the target box. The data were accounted for in terms of there being (a) object-based competition for visual selection, (b) inhibition of distractor objects that compete for selection with target objects, and (c) activation or inhibition of the identities of all component elements within target or distractor objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Fuentes
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental y Psicobiología, Universidad de Almería, Spain.
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17
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Godoy JF, Fernandez M, Muela JA, Roldan G, Catena A, Puente AE. Discrimination between and among schizophrenics and other pathologies using a Spanish version of the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking. J Clin Psychol 1994; 50:158-61. [PMID: 8014238 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4679(199403)50:2<158::aid-jclp2270500205>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A Spanish version of Forms A and B of the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST) was administered to two sets of subjects. In the first study, the WIST was administered to 147 subjects of both sexes grouped into one of six categories: acute paranoid schizophrenic, acute nonparanoid schizophrenic, chronic paranoid schizophrenic, chronic nonparanoid schizophrenic, normal, and university student. Results revealed significant group differences; schizophrenics scored significantly higher. Further, chronic schizophrenics, regardless of the existence of paranoia, scored higher than acute subjects. In the second study, a heterogenous group of schizophrenics was compared to heroin addicts and depressed subjects (total N = 93). Significant group differences again were noted; the schizophrenics scored higher than the two other clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Godoy
- Department of Personalidad, Evaluacion y Tratamiento Psicologico, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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18
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Cándido A, Maldonado A, Megías JL, Catena A. Successive negative contrast in one-way avoidance learning in rats. Q J Exp Psychol B 1992; 45:15-32. [PMID: 1496136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In three experiments, successive negative contrast was examined in one-way avoidance learning. Reward magnitude in first (pre-shift) and second (post-shift) phases was manipulated by time spent in the safe compartment. Experiment 1 demonstrated that when time in the danger compartment was held constant, a group shifted from a large reward--30 sec spent in the safe compartment--to a small reward--1 sec--showed poor performance and longer response latency than a group conditioned with the small reward in both phases. Experiment 2 replicated this effect with a less intense shock and also demonstrated that a group shifted from large to small reward performed more poorly than a group exposed to large reward--30 sec--in both phases. Finally, Experiment 3 showed that changes in intertrial interval, defined as total time spent in the safe compartment and the danger compartment before the onset of the warning signal, were not responsible for this contrast effect. These results suggest that time spent in a safe place can act as appetitive incentive during one-way avoidance learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cándido
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental y Fisiología del Comportamiento, Universidad de Granda, Spain
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19
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Godoy JF, Catena A, Caballo VE, Puente AE. Auditory discrimination, attention, learning, and memory in paranoid schizophrenics. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1990. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/5.3.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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20
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Godoy JF, Catena A, Caballo VE, Puente AE. Auditory discrimination, attention, learning, and memory in paranoid schizophrenics. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1990; 5:231-41. [PMID: 14589683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research was designed to assess auditory discrimination, attention, memory, and learning in paranoid schizophrenic patients using a dichotic listening procedure consisting of attending to a signal or a story channeled only to one ear. A sample of 24 paranoid schizophrenics and 24 normal controls volunteered. In Experiment 1, 12 schizophrenics and 12 controls attended to the signal while shadowing the story. The task of the other 12 clinical and 12 normal subjects in Experiment 2 was identical to Experiment 1 with the exception that the subjects did not shadow the story. In each experiment, subjects completed three trials as well as three evaluations of the story. The results indicated that schizophrenics showed substantial attentional deficits in comparison to normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Godoy
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluacion y Tratamiento Psicologico, Facultad de Letras, Edificio B. Campus de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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21
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Kiene RP, Oremland RS, Catena A, Miller LG, Capone DG. Metabolism of Reduced Methylated Sulfur Compounds in Anaerobic Sediments and by a Pure Culture of an Estuarine Methanogen. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986; 52:1037-45. [PMID: 16347202 PMCID: PMC239170 DOI: 10.1128/aem.52.5.1037-1045.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethyldisulfide (DMDS), or methane thiol (MSH) to a diversity of anoxic aquatic sediments (e.g., fresh water, estuarine, alkaline/hypersaline) stimulated methane production. The yield of methane recovered from DMS was often 52 to 63%, although high concentrations of DMS (as well as MSH and DMDS) inhibited methanogenesis in some types of sediments. Production of methane from these reduced methylated sulfur compounds was blocked by 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid. Sulfate did not influence the metabolism of millimolar levels of DMS, DMDS, or MSH added to sediments. However, when DMS was added at ∼2-μM levels as [
14
C]DMS, metabolism by sediments resulted in a
14
CH
4
/
14
CO
2
ratio of only 0.06. Addition of molybdate increased the ratio to 1.8, while 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid decreased it to 0, but did not block
14
CO
2
production. These results indicate the methanogens and sulfate reducers compete for DMS when it is present at low concentrations; however, at high concentrations, DMS is a “noncompetitive” substrate for methanogens. Metabolism of DMS by sediments resulted in the appearance of MSH as a transient intermediate. A pure culture of an obligately methylotrophic estuarine methanogen was isolated which was capable of growth on DMS. Metabolism of DMS by the culture also resulted in the transient appearance of MSH, but the organism could grow on neither MSH nor DMDS. The culture metabolized [
14
C]-DMS to yield a
14
CH
4
/
14
CO
2
ratio of ∼2.8. Reduced methylated sulfur compounds represent a new class of substrates for methanogens and may be potential precursors of methane in a variety of aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Kiene
- Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025; and Department of Biological Sciences, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
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Abstract
Because of the reported use of yogurt douches for the treatment of vaginitis, the adherence of Lactobacillus species to normal human vaginal epithelial cells was tested by in vitro methods. L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus isolated from three commercial yogurts were compared to L. acidophilus, L. fermentum, L. cellobiosus, and L. casei isolated from clinical specimens and from American Type Culture Collection cultures. L. acidophilus isolated from Lactinex tablets was also tested. No significant difference was found among the 19 clinical isolates, the American Type Culture Collection cultures, and the Lactinex isolate, but all showed significantly higher (p less than 0.01) adherence than any Lactobacillus isolated from yogurt. The presence of Gardnerella vaginalis, which adheres strongly to vaginal epithelial cells, was found to interfere with the adherence of lactobacilli from all sources studied.
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Abstract
An
Arthrobacter
sp. isolated from a glucose-sucrose agar plate was found to produce a neutral, extremely viscous, opalescent extracellular polymer. Growth, polymer production, and rheological properties and chemical composition of the isolated polymer were examined. The polymer was found to be substantially different from other arthrobacter polymers. Some unusual properties included irreversible loss of viscosity with high temperature and degradation of the polymer during fermentation and upon storage at 4°C. Other characteristics included dependence on sucrose for polymer production, relative pH stability, increased viscosity with increased salt concentration, and pseudoplasticity. The polymer was found to be composed primarily (if not entirely) of
d
-fructose. The fructose content and other characteristics suggested that the polymer was a levan.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Bodie
- Stauffer Chemical Company, Richmond, California 94804, and San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132
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Abstract
Antisera against whole cells of each Peptostreptococcus species (P. anaerobius, P. micros, P. parvulus, and P. productus) were produced in rabbits. When these antisera were reacted against sonically disrupted cells and culture supernatant fluids in Ouchterlony tests, lines of identity were obtained among the antigens from all the species and uninoculated culture medium. When the antisera were subsequently absorbed with the dehydrated culture medium used to grow the peptostreptococci, all cross-reactions in heterologous antigen-antibody combinations were eliminated, leaving only species-specific precipitin arcs. These absorbed antisera, specific for each Peptostreptococcus species by Ouchterlony tests, were used for rapid identification studies. Staphylococcus aureus-bearing protein A was sensitized with each absorbed antiserum. These reagents produced specific coagglutination reactions with suspensions of each Peptostreptococcus reference strain and with 16 clinical isolates. No cross-reactions occurred with the Streptococcus intermedius, Peptococcus magnus, or Peptococcus asaccharolyticus strains tested.
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Abstract
Anthranilate synthetase from Bacillus alvei was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and was stabilized by glycerol. The reaction mechanism of the enzyme was found to be sequential with respect to substrate, and the enzyme formed a hydroxamic acid in the absence of Mg(++). The K(m) for chorismic acid was 1.25 x 10(-4)m, and the K(m) for l-glutamine was 5.5 x 10(-4)m. Enzyme activity was inhibited by tryptophan noncompetitively with respect to chorismic acid and uncompetitively with respect to l-glutamine. An analysis of the inhibition patterns indicated that tryptophan may act as a dead end inhibitor and bind at the catalytic site. Enzyme activity could be completely inhibited in vitro and in vivo under the appropriate conditions, and enzyme synthesis was sensitive to repression by tryptophan. A sedimentation coefficient of 5.5S and an estimated molecular weight of 90,000 were obtained for the enzyme.
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