1
|
Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Esteban-Cornejo I, Verdejo-Román J, Muetzel RL, Mora-Gonzalez J, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Plaza-Florido A, Molina-Garcia P, Kramer AF, Catena A, Ortega FB. Physical fitness and white matter microstructure in children with overweight or obesity: the ActiveBrains project. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12469. [PMID: 32719329 PMCID: PMC7385257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies investigated the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with white matter microstructure in children, yet little work has explored to what extent other components of physical fitness (i.e., muscular or motor fitness) are associated with white matter microstructure. Indeed, this association has not been previously explored in children with overweight/obesity who present a different white matter development. Therefore, we aimed to examine associations between physical fitness components and white matter microstructure in children with overweight/obesity. In total, 104 (10.04 ± 1.15 years old; 43 girls) children were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical fitness was assessed using the ALPHA-fitness test battery. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity were derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). No association was found between physical fitness and global DTI metrics (all P > 0.082). Within individual tracts, all associations became non-significant when analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Using the voxel-wise approach, we identified a small cluster in the left lateral frontal lobe where children with greater upper-body muscular fitness showed higher FA (PFWE-corrected = 0.042). Although our results cannot conclude physical fitness is related to white matter microstructure in children with overweight/obesity; those findings indicate that the association of muscular fitness with white matter microstructure might be more focal on frontal areas of the brain, as opposed to global differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - I Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - J Verdejo-Román
- The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Madrid, Spain
| | - R L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - A Plaza-Florido
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - P Molina-Garcia
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - A F Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - A Catena
- The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Granada, Spain.,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Group MLO, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
González-Gil EM, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Santabárbara J, Bueno-Lozano G, Iglesia I, González-Gross M, Molnar D, Gottrand F, De Henauw S, Kafatos A, Widhalm K, Manios Y, Siani A, Amaro-Gahete F, Rupérez AI, Cañada D, Censi L, Kersting M, Dallongeville J, Marcos A, Ortega FB, Moreno LA. Inflammation in metabolically healthy and metabolically abnormal adolescents: The HELENA study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:77-83. [PMID: 29174028 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammation may influence the cardio-metabolic profile which relates with the risk of chronic diseases. This study aimed to assess the inflammatory status by metabolic health (MH)/body mass index (BMI) category and to assess how inflammatory markers can predict the cardio-metabolic profile in European adolescents, considering BMI. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 659 adolescents (295 boys) from a cross-sectional European study were included. Adolescents were classified by metabolic health based on age- and sex-specific cut-off points for glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, high density cholesterol and BMI. C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), complement factors (C3, C4) and cell adhesion molecules were assessed. RESULTS Metabolically abnormal (MA) adolescents had higher values of C3 (p < 0.001) and C4 (p = 0.032) compared to those metabolically healthy (MHy). C3 concentrations significantly increased with the deterioration of the metabolic health and BMI (p < 0.001). Adolescents with higher values of CRP had higher probability of being in the overweight/obese-MH group than those allocated in other categories. Finally, high C3 and C4 concentrations increased the probability of having an unfavorable metabolic/BMI status. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic/BMI status and inflammatory biomarkers are associated, being the CRP, C3 and C4 the most related inflammatory markers with this condition. C3 and C4 were associated with the cardio-metabolic health consistently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M González-Gil
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain.
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J Santabárbara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Bueno-Lozano
- Service of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Iglesia
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain; Red de Salud materno-infantil y del desarrollo (SAMID), Spain
| | - M González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - F Gottrand
- Univ Lille 2, INSERM U995, CHU-Lille, France
| | - S De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Kafatos
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - K Widhalm
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - A Siani
- Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - F Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A I Rupérez
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Cañada
- ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Censi
- CREA (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics) - Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - M Kersting
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - A Marcos
- Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Esteban-Cornejo I, Migueles JH, Mora-Gonzalez J, Henriksson P, Martín-Matillas M, Mena-Molina A, Molina-García P, Estévez-López F, Enriquez GM, Perales JC, Ruiz JR, Catena A, Ortega FB. Physical fitness and psychological health in overweight/obese children: A cross-sectional study from the ActiveBrains project. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:179-184. [PMID: 29031643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of physical fitness (i.e. cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed/agility) with psychological distress and psychological well-being in overweight/obese pre-adolescent children. DESIGN 110 overweight/obese children (10.0±1.1years old, 61 boys) from the ActiveBrains project (http://profith.ugr.es/activebrains) participated in this cross-sectional study. METHODS Physical fitness was evaluated by the ALPHA battery test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was additionally evaluated by a maximal incremental treadmill. Stress was assessed by the Children's Daily Stress Inventory, anxiety by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, depression by the Children Depression Inventory, positive affect and negative affect by the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children, happiness by the Subjective Happiness Scale, optimism by the Life Orientation Test, and self-esteem by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem questionnaire. Linear regression adjusted for sex and peak height velocity was used to examine associations. RESULTS Absolute upper-body muscular strength was negatively associated with stress and negative affect (β=-0.246, p=0.047; β=-0.329, p=0.010, respectively). Furthermore, absolute lower-body muscular strength was negatively associated with negative affect (β=-0.301, p=0.029). Cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed by the last completed lap, and relative upper-body muscular strength were positively associated with optimism (β=0.220, p=0.042; β=0.240, p=0.017, respectively). Finally, absolute upper-body muscular strength was positively associated with self-esteem (β=0.362, p=0.003) independently of sex and weight status (p for interactions >0.3), and absolute lower-body muscular strength was also positively associated with self-esteem (β=0.352, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Muscular strength was associated with psychological distress (i.e. stress and negative affect) and psychological well-being (i.e. optimism and self-esteem) as well as cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with optimism. Therefore, increased levels of physical fitness, specifically muscular strength, could have significant benefits for overweight/obese children psychological health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - I Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J H Migueles
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Henriksson
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - M Martín-Matillas
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A Mena-Molina
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Molina-García
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F Estévez-López
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - G M Enriquez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J C Perales
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - A Catena
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martinez-Tellez B, Sanchez-Delgado G, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Mora-Gonzalez J, Martín-Matillas M, Löf M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR. Health-related physical fitness is associated with total and central body fat in preschool children aged 3 to 5 years. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:468-474. [PMID: 26683697 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether health-related physical fitness is associated with total and central body fat in preschool children. METHODS A total of 403 Spanish children aged 3-5 years (57.8% boys) participated in the study. Health-related physical fitness was measured by the PREFIT battery: the handgrip strength and the standing long-jump tests (muscular strength), the 4 × 10 m shuttle run (speed-agility), the one-leg stance tests (balance) and the PREFIT-20 m shuttle run test (cardiorespiratory fitness). Body mass index and waist circumference were used as markers of total and central body fat, respectively. RESULTS There were significant associations between all health-related physical fitness tests and body mass index (β = 0.280 ± 0.054, β = -0.020 ± 0.006, β = 0.154 ± 0.065 and β = -0.034 ± 0.011 for the handgrip strength, standing long jump, 4 × 10 m shuttle run and PREFIT-20 m shuttle run tests, respectively, all P ≤ 0.019) after adjusting for sex and age. Similarly, there was significant associations of standing long jump (β = -0.072 ± 0.014), 4 × 10 m shuttle run (β = 0.652 ± 0.150) and PREFIT-20 m shuttle run tests (β = -0.102 ± 0.025) with waist circumference (all P ≤ 0.001), except for handgrip strength (β = 0.254 ± 0.145, P = 0.081) and one-leg stance (β = -0.012 ± 0.009, P = 0.156). CONCLUSIONS The present study extends previous findings in older youth. Fitness assessment should be introduced in future epidemiological and intervention studies in preschool children because it seems to be an important factor determining health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - G Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Martín-Matillas
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cadenas-Sanchez C, Nyström C, Sanchez-Delgado G, Martinez-Tellez B, Mora-Gonzalez J, Risinger AS, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Löf M. Prevalence of overweight/obesity and fitness level in preschool children from the north compared with the south of Europe: an exploration with two countries. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:403-10. [PMID: 26549795 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND North-south differences in the prevalence of obesity and fitness levels have been found in European adolescents, yet it is unknown if such differences already exist in very young children. OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the prevalence of overweight/obesity and fitness levels in preschool children aged 4 years from Sweden (north of Europe) and Spain (south of Europe). METHODS The sample consisted of 315 Swedish and 128 Spanish preschoolers. Anthropometry (weight, height, waist circumference) and fitness (strength, speed-agility, balance and cardiorespiratory fitness) were assessed. Analysis of covariance adjusted for age, sex and height/body mass index (BMI) was used. RESULTS Preschool children from Sweden had lower prevalence of overweight/obesity than their peers from Spain (World Obesity Federation, mean difference, MD = -9%, P = 0.010; World Health Organization, MD = -11%, P = 0.011). Concerning fitness, preschoolers from Spain were more fit in terms of upper-muscular strength (MD = +0.4 kg, P = 0.010), speed-agility (MD = -1.9 s, P = 0.001), balance (MD = +4.0 s, P = 0.001) and cardiorespiratory fitness (MD = boys = +6.6 laps, girls = +2.3 laps; P < 0.001 for all), yet they had worse lower-muscular strength (MD = -7.1, P ≤ 0.001) than those from Sweden. Differences in upper-muscular strength were largely explained by differences in BMI, and differences in cardiorespiratory fitness should be interpreted cautiously due to some methodological deviations. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity in Spain compared with Sweden is present already at early childhood, while differences in physical fitness components showed mixed findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - C Nyström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A S Risinger
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sanchez-Delgado G, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Mora-Gonzalez J, Martinez-Tellez B, Chillón P, Löf M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR. Assessment of handgrip strength in preschool children aged 3 to 5 years. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2015; 40:966-72. [PMID: 26141024 DOI: 10.1177/1753193415592328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether there is an optimal grip span for determining the maximum handgrip strength in preschool children and if it is influenced by gender, age, or hand size. A total of 292 preschool children (3-5 years; 59.2% boys) carried out the handgrip strength test with different grip spans (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 cm). The hand size was also measured. We also determined the reliability of the optimal grip span in another group of children (n = 56, 57% boys) who did the test twice, with a 3-hour difference between tests. The results showed that 4.0 cm is the optimal grip span to determine the maximum handgrip strength in preschool children. This result applied to both genders, all age groups, and hand sizes. Paired t-tests showed no significant differences between test and retest. These findings may guide clinicians and researchers in selecting the optimal grip span when measuring handgrip strength in preschool children.Level IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - P Chillón
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|