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Fernandez-Gamez B, Solis-Urra P, Olvera-Rojas M, Molina-Hidalgo C, Fernández-Ortega J, Lara CP, Coca-Pulido A, Bellón D, Sclafani A, Mora-Gonzalez J, Toval A, Martín-Fuentes I, Bakker EA, Lozano RM, Navarrete S, Jiménez-Pavón D, Liu-Ambrose T, Erickson KI, Ortega FB, Esteban-Cornejo I. Resistance Exercise Program in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: CERT-Based Exercise Protocol of the AGUEDA Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:885-893. [PMID: 37960912 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a comprehensive CERT (Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template)-based description of the resistance exercise program implemented in the AGUEDA (Active Gains in brain Using Exercise During Aging) study, a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a 24-week supervised resistance exercise program on executive function and related brain structure and function in cognitively normal older adults. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS 90 cognitively normal older adults aged 65 to 80 were randomized (1:1) to a: 1) resistance exercise group; or a 2) wait-list control group. Participants in the exercise group (n = 46) performed 180 min/week of resistance exercise (3 supervised sessions per week, 60 min/session) for 24 weeks. INTERVENTION The exercise program consisted of a combination of upper and lower limb exercises using elastic bands and the participant's own body weight as the main resistance. The load and intensity were based on the resistance of the elastic bands (7 resistances), number of repetitions (individualized), motor complexity of exercises (3 levels), sets and rest (3 sets/60 sec rest), execution time (40-60 sec) and velocity (as fast as possible). SETTINGS The maximum prescribed-target intensity was 70-80% of the participants' maximum rate of perceived exertion (7-8 RPE). Heart rate, sleep quality and feeling scale were recorded during all exercise sessions. Those in the wait-list control group (n = 44) were asked to maintain their usual lifestyle. The feasibility of AGUEDA project was evaluated by retention, adherence, adverse events and cost estimation on the exercise program. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS This study details the exercise program of the AGUEDA trial, including well-described multi-language manuals and videos, which can be used by public health professionals, or general public who wish to implement a feasible and low-cost resistance exercise program. The AGUEDA exercise program seems to be feasible by the high retention (95.6%) and attendance rate (85.7%), very low serious adverse event (1%) and low economic cost (144.23 € /participant/24 weeks). We predict that a 24-week resistance exercise program will have positive effects on brain health in cognitively normal older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fernandez-Gamez
- Beatriz Fernandez-Gamez and Irene-Esteban-Cornejo. Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada; Carretera de Alfacar, 21. Granada 18071, Spain; +(34) 958 24 66 51, fax: +(34) 958 24 94 28, E-mail address: and
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Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Esteban-Cornejo I, Verdejo-Román J, Muetzel RL, Mora-Gonzalez J, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Plaza-Florido A, Molina-Garcia P, Kramer AF, Catena A, Ortega FB. Physical fitness and white matter microstructure in children with overweight or obesity: the ActiveBrains project. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12469. [PMID: 32719329 PMCID: PMC7385257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies investigated the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with white matter microstructure in children, yet little work has explored to what extent other components of physical fitness (i.e., muscular or motor fitness) are associated with white matter microstructure. Indeed, this association has not been previously explored in children with overweight/obesity who present a different white matter development. Therefore, we aimed to examine associations between physical fitness components and white matter microstructure in children with overweight/obesity. In total, 104 (10.04 ± 1.15 years old; 43 girls) children were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical fitness was assessed using the ALPHA-fitness test battery. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity were derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). No association was found between physical fitness and global DTI metrics (all P > 0.082). Within individual tracts, all associations became non-significant when analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Using the voxel-wise approach, we identified a small cluster in the left lateral frontal lobe where children with greater upper-body muscular fitness showed higher FA (PFWE-corrected = 0.042). Although our results cannot conclude physical fitness is related to white matter microstructure in children with overweight/obesity; those findings indicate that the association of muscular fitness with white matter microstructure might be more focal on frontal areas of the brain, as opposed to global differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - I Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - J Verdejo-Román
- The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Madrid, Spain
| | - R L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - A Plaza-Florido
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - P Molina-Garcia
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - A F Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - A Catena
- The Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Granada, Spain.,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH "Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Group MLO, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
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Higueras-Fresnillo S, de la Cámara MA, Esteban-Cornejo I, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Martinez-Gomez D. Concurrent Criterion Validity of a Test of Usual Gait Speed in Older Adults. Percept Mot Skills 2018; 125:908-922. [PMID: 30089427 DOI: 10.1177/0031512518780594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Usual gait speed has been shown to have very good reliability and convincing predictive validity for evaluating older adults' gait skills, but its criterion validity is unknown. We examined the criterion validity of the 8-feet (i.e., 2.44 meters) test in a laboratory environment to assess usual gait speed by comparing its results with the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA) monitor. Participants were 200 well-functioning community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older (113 women; 87 men; mean [M] age = 71.8, standard deviation [ SD] = 5.6 years). Participants wore the IDEEA monitor for 48 consecutive hours, and we used the participants' average usual gait speed for the analysis. The Spearman correlation of usual gait speed using both the 8-feet test and IDEEA monitor was moderate and statistically significant (ρ = .364, p < .001). The mean difference between both methods was 0.20 ( SD = 0.27) meters/second, and the corresponding limits of agreement were 0.73 and -0.33 meters/second. There was a small systematic bias when the difference between the two methods was correlated with usual gait speed as measured by the IDEEA (ρ = -.20, p = .011). The perfect agreement (weighted kappa) of both instruments for classifying usual gait speed into tertiles, quartiles, and quintiles was 48.3% ( k = 0.17), 30.9% ( k = 0.23), and 25.4% ( k = 0.29), respectively. Our results indicate that the 8-feet test showed moderate criterion-related validity for evaluating and assessing usual gait speed test in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Higueras-Fresnillo
- 1 Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - M A de la Cámara
- 1 Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - I Esteban-Cornejo
- 2 PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F Rodríguez-Artalejo
- 3 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain.,4 IdiPaz and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Martinez-Gomez
- 1 Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
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4
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Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Esteban-Cornejo I, Migueles JH, Mora-Gonzalez J, Henriksson P, Martín-Matillas M, Mena-Molina A, Molina-García P, Estévez-López F, Enriquez GM, Perales JC, Ruiz JR, Catena A, Ortega FB. Physical fitness and psychological health in overweight/obese children: A cross-sectional study from the ActiveBrains project. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:179-184. [PMID: 29031643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of physical fitness (i.e. cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed/agility) with psychological distress and psychological well-being in overweight/obese pre-adolescent children. DESIGN 110 overweight/obese children (10.0±1.1years old, 61 boys) from the ActiveBrains project (http://profith.ugr.es/activebrains) participated in this cross-sectional study. METHODS Physical fitness was evaluated by the ALPHA battery test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was additionally evaluated by a maximal incremental treadmill. Stress was assessed by the Children's Daily Stress Inventory, anxiety by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, depression by the Children Depression Inventory, positive affect and negative affect by the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children, happiness by the Subjective Happiness Scale, optimism by the Life Orientation Test, and self-esteem by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem questionnaire. Linear regression adjusted for sex and peak height velocity was used to examine associations. RESULTS Absolute upper-body muscular strength was negatively associated with stress and negative affect (β=-0.246, p=0.047; β=-0.329, p=0.010, respectively). Furthermore, absolute lower-body muscular strength was negatively associated with negative affect (β=-0.301, p=0.029). Cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed by the last completed lap, and relative upper-body muscular strength were positively associated with optimism (β=0.220, p=0.042; β=0.240, p=0.017, respectively). Finally, absolute upper-body muscular strength was positively associated with self-esteem (β=0.362, p=0.003) independently of sex and weight status (p for interactions >0.3), and absolute lower-body muscular strength was also positively associated with self-esteem (β=0.352, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Muscular strength was associated with psychological distress (i.e. stress and negative affect) and psychological well-being (i.e. optimism and self-esteem) as well as cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with optimism. Therefore, increased levels of physical fitness, specifically muscular strength, could have significant benefits for overweight/obese children psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - I Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J H Migueles
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Henriksson
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - M Martín-Matillas
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A Mena-Molina
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Molina-García
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F Estévez-López
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - G M Enriquez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J C Perales
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - A Catena
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Izquierdo-Gomez R, Martinez-Gómez D, Esteban-Cornejo I, Hallal PC, García-Cervantes L, Villagra A, Veiga OL. Changes in objectively measured physical activity in adolescents with Down syndrome: the UP&DOWN longitudinal study. J Intellect Disabil Res 2017; 61:363-372. [PMID: 28090738 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is a priority to understand that physical activity behaviour over time is a priority in Down syndrome population in order to design and promote succesfull interventions to maintain or increase levels of physical activity. We aimed to study 1 and 2-year changes in objectively measured physical activity among a relatively large sample of adolescents with Down syndrome. METHODS This study comprised a total of 99 adolescents with Down syndrome (38 girls) aged from 11 to 20 years old at baseline. Participants with valid accelerometer data at baseline and at least one of the follow-up visits were included in the analysis. RESULTS Overall, levels of physical activity observed in adolescents with Down syndrome declined from baseline to follow-ups, but these changes were not significant (all P > 0.05). Moderate-to-moderately high tracking of physical activity was observed in adolescents with Down syndrome (all P < 0.001). Youths who met physical activity guidelines at baseline demonstrated a greater decline in physical activity in 1 and 2-year changes (P < 0.05), although they were also more likely to meet physical activity guidelines at 1 and 2-year follow-ups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with Down syndrome do not change their levels of physical activity at 2-year follow-ups, but those who met physical activity guidelines presented stronger declines in physical activity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Izquierdo-Gomez
- Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Martinez-Gómez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- PROFITH "PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - P C Hallal
- Posgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - L García-Cervantes
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Villagra
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - O L Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Segura-Jiménez V, Parrilla-Moreno F, Fernández-Santos JR, Esteban-Cornejo I, Gómez-Martínez S, Martinez-Gomez D, Marcos A, Castro-Piñero J. Physical fitness as a mediator between objectively measured physical activity and clustered metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: The UP&DOWN study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:1011-1019. [PMID: 27519284 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The extent to which physical fitness (PF) attenuates or modifies the association between physical activity (PA) and clustered metabolic syndrome risk factors (CMetSRF) is controversial. We aimed: i) To examine the independent and combined association of objectively measured PA and PF with CMetSRF in children and adolescents; ii) To test the mediating effect of PF in the association of PA with CMetSRF. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 226 children and 256 adolescents participated. Levels of PA (light, moderate, vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous [MVPA]) and PF were measured by accelerometry and ALPHA battery, respectively. Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness values were combined in a global PF variable. A CMetSRF was computed by assessing the following variables: waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. In children, the highest vigorous PA (β = -0.193; P = 0.003) and MVPA (β = -0.149; P = 0.025) were individually associated with lower CMetSRF, but these associations were not independent of global PF. In adolescents, the association of moderate (β = -0.123; P = 0.046) and MVPA (β = -0.147; P = 0.024) with CMetSRF was independent of PF. Among unfit adolescents, the higher time they spent in MVPA the lower CMetSRF levels were found (P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS The results are suggestive of a full mediation of global PF in the association of MVPA and vigorous PA with CMetSRF in children. In adolescents, the association of higher moderate and MVPA with lower CMetSRF was independent of levels of PF, and mediation analyses suggest only a partial mediation of global PF in the association of MVPA with CMetSRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Segura-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - F Parrilla-Moreno
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J R Fernández-Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - I Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Gómez-Martínez
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - D Martinez-Gomez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Marcos
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Esteban-Cornejo I, Tejero-González CM, Castro-Piñero J, Conde-Caveda J, Cabanas-Sanchez V, Sallis JF, Veiga ÓL. Independent and combined influence of neonatal and current body composition on academic performance in youth: The UP & DOWN Study. Pediatr Obes 2015; 10:157-64. [PMID: 24919886 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Unhealthy body composition is a cause for concern across the lifespan. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the independent and combined associations between neonatal and current body composition with academic performance among youth. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 1557 youth (745 girls) aged 10.4 ± 3.4 years. Birth weight and length at birth were self-reported. Current body composition was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage of body fat (BF%). Academic performance was assessed through schools records. RESULTS Birth weight was related to all academic variables in boys, independent of potential confounders, including BMI; whereas WC, BMI and BF% were related to all academic performance indicators in both boys and girls, independent of potential confounders, including birth weight (all P < 0.05). In addition, the combined adverse effects of low birth weight and current overweight on academic performance were observed in both boys and girls for grade point average (GPA) indicator. Boys in the group with none adverse effect had significantly higher scores in GPA (score +0.535; 95% confidence interval, 0.082-0.989) than boys in the group of both adverse effects (P < 0.007); among girls, GPA score was higher in the group with none adverse effect than in the groups with one or two adverse effects (P for trend = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Neonatal and current body composition, both independently and combined, may influence academic performance in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Veses AM, Gómez-Martínez S, de Heredia FP, Esteban-Cornejo I, Castillo R, Estecha S, García-Fuentes M, Veiga OL, Calle ME, Marcos A. Cognition and the risk of eating disorders in Spanish adolescents: the AVENA and AFINOS studies. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:229-36. [PMID: 25074843 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Eating disorders (ED) can arise from a combination of biological and psychological factors. Some studies suggest that intellectual factors might be important in the development of ED, although the evidence is still scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the association between cognition measurements (cognitive performance and academic achievement) and the risk of developing ED in adolescents considering their weight status. The sample consisted of 3,307 adolescents (1,756 girls), aged 13-18.5 years, who participated in the AVENA (n = 1,430; 783 girls) and AFINOS (n = 1,877; 973 girls) studies. Cognitive performance was measured by the TEA test in the AVENA study, and academic achievement was self-reported in the AFINOS study. ED risk was evaluated in both studies by using the SCOFF questionnaire. Body mass index was calculated to classify adolescents as non-overweight or overweight (including obesity). Overweight adolescents showed a higher risk of developing ED than non-overweight ones in both studies. In the AVENA study, overweight boys with low performance in reasoning ability showed increased risk of ED (p = 0.05). In the AFINOS study, overweight boys with low academic performance in physical education and non-overweight girls with low academic achievement in all the areas analyzed showed higher risk of ED than their peers (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION No association between cognitive performance and ED risk was found in adolescents, while academic achievement was associated with ED risk, especially in non-overweight girls. The non-cognitive traits that accompany academic achievement could influence the likelihood of developing ED in these girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Veses
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain,
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