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Makhloufi H, Pinon A, Champavier Y, Saliba J, Millot M, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Liagre B, Chemin G, Mambu L. In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity of Echinulin Derivatives from Endolichenic Fungus Aspergillus sp. against Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2024; 29:4117. [PMID: 39274965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The endolichenic fungus Aspergillus sp. was isolated from the lichen Xanthoparmelia conspersa harvested in France. Aspergillus sp. was grown on a solid culture medium to ensure the large-scale production of the fungus with a sufficient mass of secondary metabolites. The molecular network analysis of extracts and subfractions enabled the annotation of 22 molecules, guiding the purification process. The EtOAc extract displayed an antiproliferative activity of 3.2 ± 0.4 µg/mL at 48 h against human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) and no toxicity at 30 µg/mL against human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells (MDA-MB-231) and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) non-cancerous cells. Among the five prenylated compounds isolated, of which four are echinulin derivatives, compounds 1 and 2 showed the most important activity, with IC50 values of 1.73 µM and 8.8 µM, respectively, against HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Makhloufi
- LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Aline Pinon
- LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Yves Champavier
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Limoges, BISCEm, UAR 2015, US 42, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Jennifer Saliba
- Laboratoire LIENSs, Université de La Rochelle, UMR CNRS 7266, F-17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Marion Millot
- LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | | | - Bertrand Liagre
- LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Guillaume Chemin
- LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Lengo Mambu
- LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
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2
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Chen S, Ren Z, Guo L. Hepatotoxicity of usnic acid and underlying mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38904414 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2366737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Since usnic acid was first isolated in 1844 as a prominent secondary lichen metabolite, it has been used for various purposes worldwide. Usnic acid has been claimed to possess numerous therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-proliferative, and antipyretic activities. Approximately two decades ago, crude extracts of usnic acid or pure usnic acid were marketed in the United States as dietary supplements for aiding in weight loss as a "fat-burner" and gained popularity in the bodybuilding community; however, hepatotoxicity was documented for some usnic acid containing products. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received numerous reports of liver toxicity associated with the use of dietary supplements containing usnic acid, leading the FDA to issue a warning letter in 2001 on a product, LipoKinetix. The FDA also sent a recommendation letter to the manufacturer of LipoKinetix, resulting in the withdrawal of LipoKinetix from the market. These events triggered investigations into the hepatotoxicity of usnic acid and its mechanisms. In 2008, we published a review article titled "Usnic Acid and Usnea Barbata Toxicity". This review is an updated version of our previous review article and incorporates additional data published since 2008. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the understanding of the liver toxicity associated with usnic acid, with a particular focus on the current understanding of the putative mechanisms of usnic acid-related hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Zhen Ren
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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Bauri AK, Dionicio IC, Arellano ES, Jeyaraj JG, Foro S, Carcache de Blanco EJ. A New Rare Halogenated Depside from Lichen and Study of its Anti-Proliferative Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301874. [PMID: 38488665 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Lichens are a symbiotic association of algae and fungus, belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. Some lichen species are edible and used as an active ingredient for preparation of exotic spices as well as folklore medicine to cure different kinds of ailments. A specimen of lichen was collected from Munner in the Kerala State of South India for chemical profiling. Chemical analyses of the diethyl ether extract of the defatted lichen led to the isolation of six phenols 1-6 with variation of relative abundance. Amongst them, the relative abundance of compound 3 was the greatest (1 % of crude extract) and it was identified as atranorin. The structures of known compounds were confirmed by comparison of their 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, and mass data with published values available in the literature. In vitro bioassay for anti-proliferative activity of these compounds has been conducted against various human cancer cell lines in comparison with paclitaxel as control using SRB assay. Interestingly, a new compound 5 was found along with previously reported compounds from this lichen. This new compound was designated as fluoroatranorin 5 which was reported for the first time herein. The structural characterization of a new depside was determined by spectral methods such as 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, IR, LC-HRESI-MS, and LC-MS/MS study. Its structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. This new compound was designated as fluoroatranorin 5 which was reported first time herein. Anti-proliferative activity of all these compounds was evaluated against six different cancer cell lines. The inhibitory activity, IC50 value of compounds 1-3 and 5 exhibited at 99.64, 102.04, 109.20, 53.0 and 2.4 μM on cancer cell lines HT-29 (colon), Hela (cervical), HT-29, HPAC (pancreas) and A2780 (ovarian cancer cell line) respectively in comparison with paclitaxel as control. The new compound 5 exhibited significant activity with IC50 value 2.4 μM on A2780 ovarian cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy K Bauri
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | | | | | - Jonathan G Jeyaraj
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Sabine Foro
- Institute of Materials Science, Darmstadt University of Technology, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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4
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Varlı M, Bhosle SR, Kim E, Yang Y, Taş İ, Zhou R, Pulat S, Gamage CDB, Park SY, Ha HH, Kim H. Usnic Acid Targets 14-3-3 Proteins and Suppresses Cancer Progression by Blocking Substrate Interaction. JACS AU 2024; 4:1521-1537. [PMID: 38665668 PMCID: PMC11040559 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The anticancer therapeutic effects of usnic acid (UA), a lichen secondary metabolite, have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of UA remains to be clarified. In this study, the target protein of UA was identified using a UA-linker-Affi-Gel molecule, which showed that UA binds to the 14-3-3 protein. UA binds to 14-3-3, causing the degradation of proteasomal and autophagosomal proteins. The interaction of UA with 14-3-3 isoforms modulated cell invasion, cell cycle progression, aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and the Akt/mTOR, JNK, STAT3, NF-κB, and AP-1 signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. A peptide inhibitor of 14-3-3 blocked or regressed the activity of UA and inhibited its effects. The results suggest that UA binds to 14-3-3 isoforms and suppresses cancer progression by affecting 14-3-3 targets and phosphorylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Varlı
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh R. Bhosle
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 146 Chosundae-gil, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Yang
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - İsa Taş
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Zhou
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Pulat
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Chathurika D. B. Gamage
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
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5
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Nie WZ, Shen QK, Quan ZS, Guo HY, Li YM. Bioactivities and Structure-Activity Relationships of Usnic Acid Derivatives: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1368-1384. [PMID: 38265368 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575277085231123165546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Usnic acid has a variety of biological activities, and has been widely studied in the fields of antibacterial, immune stimulation, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic. Based on this, usnic acid is used as the lead compound for structural modification. In order to enhance the biological activity and solubility of usnic acid, scholars have carried out a large number of structural modifications, and found some usnic acid derivatives to be of more potential research value. In this paper, the structural modification, biological activity and structure-activity relationship of usnic acid were reviewed to provide reference for the development of usnic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhe Nie
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Ya-Mei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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dela Cruz TEE, Timbreza LP, Sangvichien E, Notarte KIR, Santiago KAA. Comparative Study on the Antimicrobial Activities and Metabolic Profiles of Five Usnea Species from the Philippines. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1117. [PMID: 37998922 PMCID: PMC10672636 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics. Hence, there is a need to search for new sources of antibiotics that either exhibit novel structures or express a new mechanism of action. The lichen Usnea, with its wide range of unique, biologically potent secondary metabolites, may solve this problem. In this study, Usnea species were collected in the Northern Philippines, identified through combined morphological and biochemical characterization, and tested for antimicrobial activities against the multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens, i.e., Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae, two standard antibiotic-sensitive test bacteria, and a yeast. A total of 46 lichen specimens were collected and later identified as Usnea baileyi (10), U. diffracta (10), U. glabrata (12), U. longissima (4), and U. rubicunda (10). The results show that the crude extracts of the Usnea species exhibited promising in vitro inhibitory activities against standard antibiotic-sensitive (E. faecalis ATCC 29212) and multidrug-resistant (methicillin-resistant S. aureus and E. faecalis) Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, lichen compounds of representative specimens per species were identified and profiled using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The detection of lichen acids (LA) via HPLC showed the presence of 24 peaks of lichen acids. TLC-bioautography identified the bioactive lichen acids as alectronic acid, connorstictic acid, consalazinic acid, diffractaic acid, echinocarpic acid, erythrin acid, galbinic acid, hypoconstictic acid, hyposalazinic acid, hypostictic acid, lobaric acid, menegazzaic acid, micareic acid, pannarin, salazinic acid, stictic acid, and usnic acid. Our study highlighted the wide spectrum of opportunities for using lichens for the discovery of potential antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics and Systematics-Metabolomics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Lawrence P. Timbreza
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics and Systematics-Metabolomics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Ek Sangvichien
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mark Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand;
| | - Kin Israel R. Notarte
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics and Systematics-Metabolomics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
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Günaydın Ş, Sulukoğlu EK, Kalın ŞN, Altay A, Budak H. Diffractaic acid exhibits thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibition in lung cancer A549 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1676-1685. [PMID: 37329199 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths all over the world. Therefore, it has gained importance in the development of new chemotherapeutic strategies to identify anticancer agents with low side effects, reliable, high anticancer potential, and specific to lung cancer cells. Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is an important therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment because of its overexpression in tumor cells. Here, we aimed to examine the anticancer effect of diffractaic acid, a lichen secondary metabolite, in A549 cells by comparing it with the commercial chemotherapeutic drug carboplatin and also to investigate whether the anticancer effect of diffractaic acid occurs via TrxR1-targeting. The IC50 value of diffractaic acid on A549 cells was determined as 46.37 μg/mL at 48 h, and diffractaic acid had stronger cytotoxicity than carboplatin in A549 cells. qPCR results revealed that diffractaic acid promoted the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through the upregulation of the BAX/BCL2 ratio and P53 gene in A549 cells, which is consistent with the flow cytometry results. Furthermore, migration analysis results indicated that diffractaic acid impressively suppressed the migration of A549 cells. While the enzymatic activity of TrxR1 was inhibited by diffractaic acid in A549 cells, no changes were seen in the quantitative expression levels of gene and protein. These findings provide fundamental data on the anticancer effect of diffractaic acid on A549 cells targeting TrxR1 activity, suggesting that it could be considered a chemotherapeutic agent for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükran Günaydın
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emine Karaca Sulukoğlu
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Nur Kalın
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altay
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Harun Budak
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Koopaie M, Karimi H, Sohrabi M, Norouzi H. Cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic evaluation of Ramalina sinensis (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes), lichenized fungus on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line; in-vitro study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:296. [PMID: 37608377 PMCID: PMC10463489 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientists and medical professionals are actively striving to improve the efficacy of treatment methods for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most frequently occurring cancer within the oral cavity, by exploring the potential of natural products. The active pharmacological compounds found in lichenized fungi have shown potential for aiding in cancer treatment. Recent research aims to evaluate the impact of the lichenized fungus Ramalina sinensis (R. sinensis) on the cell viability and apoptosis of OSCC cell lines, considering the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer capabilities of lichens. METHODS Ramalina sinensis (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes) was selected for investigation of its effects on a human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Acetone and methanol extracts of R. sinensis on an OSCC cell line (KB cell line, NCBI Code: C152) were investigated. Viability was assessed by MTT assay analysis, and apoptotic cells were measured using flow cytometry analysis. Scratch assay was used to assess cell migration. The chemical composition and metabolic profiling of R. sinensis were investigated. RESULTS The growth and multiplication of KB cells were observed to undergo a gradual but remarkable inhibition when exposed to various concentrations. Specifically, concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL exhibited a significant suppressive effect on the proliferation of KB cells. The inhibition of cell proliferation exhibited a statistically significant difference between the extracts obtained from acetone and methanol. Flow cytometry results show an increase in apoptosis of OSCC cells by acetone extract. R. sinensis exerted a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the migration of OSCC cells. The chemical composition of R. sinensis was investigated using liquid chromatography positive ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), and 33 compounds in the acetone and methanol extracts of R. sinensis were detected. CONCLUSION The findings provide evidence supporting the beneficial effects of R. sinensis extract on inducing apoptosis in OSCC cells and exerting anti-cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Koopaie
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar St, P.O. Box: 14395 -433, Tehran, 14399-55991, Iran.
| | - Hanieh Karimi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar St, P.O. Box: 14395 -433, Tehran, 14399-55991, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sohrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Norouzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Former graduate student of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Gamage CB, Lee K, Park SY, Varlı M, Lee CW, Kim SM, Zhou R, Pulat S, Yang Y, Taş İ, Hur JS, Kang KB, Kim H. Phthalides Isolated from the Endolichenic Arthrinium sp. EL000127 Exhibits Antiangiogenic Activity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12548-12557. [PMID: 37033794 PMCID: PMC10077456 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Endolichenic fungi (ELF) produce specialized metabolites that have various medicinal properties. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis efficaciously suppresses many types of cancer. This study aimed to discover novel antiangiogenic agents from specialized metabolite extracts of ELF strains isolated from Korean lichens. The EtOAc extracts of 51 ELF strains were subjected to a screening pipeline consisting of cell viability, scratch wound healing, and Transwell migration assays. The EtOAc extract of Arthrinium sp. EL000127 showed the most potent inhibitory activity against the chemotactic migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Targeted isolation on the major LC-MS peaks exhibited a previously known phthalide, 3-O-methylcyclopolic acid (1), and two unknown analogues of 1, 3-O-phenylethylcyclopolic acid (2) and 3-O-p-hydroxyphenylethylcyclopolic acid (3). The structures were characterized by MS and NMR analyses. All the isolates were acquired and applied to bioassays as racemates due to spontaneous racemization. Among the isolates, compound 3 effectively inhibits HUVEC motility by suppressing mRNA expressions of genes regulating epithelial cell survival and motility, which suggested that compound 3 is a potent antiangiogenic agent suitable for further exploration as a potential novel therapeutic against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathurika
D. B. Gamage
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Kyungha Lee
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Mücahit Varlı
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Seong-Min Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Rui Zhou
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Sultan Pulat
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Yi Yang
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - İsa Taş
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean
Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National
University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47 gil, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
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10
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Marinobazzanan, a Bazzanane-Type Sesquiterpenoid, Suppresses the Cell Motility and Tumorigenesis in Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030153. [PMID: 36976200 PMCID: PMC10056982 DOI: 10.3390/md21030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Marinobazzanan (1), a new bazzanane-type sesquiterpenoid, was isolated from a marine-derived fungus belonging to the genus Acremonium. The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated using NMR and mass spectroscopic data, while the relative configurations were established through the analysis of NOESY data. The absolute configurations of 1 were determined by the modified Mosher’s method as well as vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra calculation and it was determined as 6R, 7R, 9R, and 10R. It was found that compound 1 was not cytotoxic to human cancer cells, including A549 (lung cancer), AGS (gastric cancer), and Caco-2 (colorectal cancer) below the concentration of 25 μM. However, compound 1 was shown to significantly decrease cancer-cell migration and invasion and soft-agar colony-formation ability at concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 μM by downregulating the expression level of KITENIN and upregulating the expression level of KAI1. Compound 1 suppressed β-catenin-mediated TOPFLASH activity and its downstream targets in AGS, A549, and Caco-2 and slightly suppressed the Notch signal pathway in three cancer cells. Furthermore, 1 also reduced the number of metastatic nodules in an intraperitoneal xenograft mouse model.
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Expression of Concern: Lichen Secondary Metabolites in Flavocetraria cucullata Exhibit Anti-Cancer Effects on Human Cancer Cells through the Induction of Apoptosis and Suppression of Tumorigenic Potentials. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282452. [PMID: 36827410 PMCID: PMC9955601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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Gunawan GA, Gimła M, Gardiner MG, Herman-Antosiewicz A, Reekie TA. Divergent reactivity of usnic acid and evaluation of its derivatives for antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 79:117157. [PMID: 36652792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural products continue to be an inspiration for new drugs to treat debilitating diseases such as cancer. Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite isolated predominately from lichen species and has been shown to exhibit antiproliferative properties, however its application is limited by poor drug-like properties and low specificity. We report our work on investigating the reactivity of usnic acid for incorporating heterocyclic rings and the divergent reactivity that can be obtained by simply altering the reaction solvent and temperature. The synthesised derivatives were then tested against HeLa cancer cells for their antiproliferative properties. A number of promising compounds were obtained including 4, 5 and 9 that showed an IC50 of 878, 311 and 116 nM, respectively, against HeLa cancer cells after 48 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Gunawan
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, 2600 Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Mariola Gimła
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, 2600 Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tristan A Reekie
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, 2600 Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; School of Science, University of New South Wales Canberra, 2600 Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
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13
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Gamage CDB, Kim JH, Yang Y, Taş İ, Park SY, Zhou R, Pulat S, Varlı M, Hur JS, Nam SJ, Kim H. Libertellenone T, a Novel Compound Isolated from Endolichenic Fungus, Induces G2/M Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy by Activating the ROS/JNK Pathway in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020489. [PMID: 36672439 PMCID: PMC9857212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most deadly type of cancer in the world and continuous investigations are required to discover novel therapeutics for CRC. Induction of apoptosis is one of the promising strategies to inhibit cancers. Here, we have identified a novel compound, Libertellenone T (B), isolated from crude extracts of the endolichenic fungus from Pseudoplectania sp. (EL000327) and investigated the mechanism of action. CRC cells treated by B were subjected to apoptosis detection assays, immunofluorescence imaging, and molecular analyses such as immunoblotting and QRT-PCR. Our findings revealed that B induced CRC cell death via multiple mechanisms including G2/M phase arrest caused by microtubule stabilization and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Further studies revealed that B induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) attributed to activating the JNK signaling pathway by which apoptosis and autophagy was induced in Caco2 cells. Moreover, B exhibited good synergistic effects when combined with the well-known anticancer drug, 5-FU, and another cytotoxic novel compound D, which was isolated from the same crude extract of EL000327. Overall, Libertellenone T induces G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy via activating the ROS/JNK pathway in CRC. Thus, B may be a potential anticancer therapeutic against CRC that is suitable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathurika D. B. Gamage
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - İsa Taş
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Pulat
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Mücahit Varlı
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.N.); (H.K.)
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.N.); (H.K.)
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14
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Methanol Extract of Clavularia inflata Exerts Apoptosis and DNA Damage to Oral Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091777. [PMID: 36139851 PMCID: PMC9495492 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiproliferation effects of Clavularia-derived natural products against cancer cells have been reported on, but most studies have focused on identifying bioactive compounds, lacking a detailed investigation of the molecular mechanism. Crude extracts generally exhibit multiple targeting potentials for anticancer effects, but they have rarely been assessed for methanol extracts of Clavularia inflata (MECI). This investigation aims to evaluate the antiproliferation of MECI and to examine several potential mechanisms between oral cancer and normal cells. A 24 h MTS assay demonstrated that MECI decreased cell viability in several oral cancer cell lines more than in normal cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an oxidative stress inhibitor, recovered these antiproliferation effects. Higher oxidative stress was stimulated by MECI in oral cancer cells than in normal cells, as proven by examining reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide. This preferential induction of oxidative stress was partly explained by downregulating more cellular antioxidants, such as glutathione, in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. Consequently, the MECI-generated high oxidative stress in oral cancer cells was preferred to trigger more subG1 population, apoptosis expression (annexin V and caspase activation), and DNA damage, reverted by NAC. In conclusion, MECI is a potent marine natural product showing preferential antiproliferation against oral cancer cells.
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15
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Isolation, Characterization, and Breast Cancer Cytotoxic Activity of Gyrophoric Acid from the Lichen Umbilicaria muhlenbergii. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens produce a large variety of secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities, chemical structures, and physicochemical properties. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the use of lichen-derived bioactive molecules for drug discovery and development. Here, we report on the isolation, identification, and cytotoxic evaluation of gyrophoric acid (GA) from the lichen Umbilicaria muhlenbergii, a largely unexplored and scantly described lichen species. A simple purification protocol was developed for the fractionation of lichen crude extracts with silica gel column chromatography using solvents with changing polarity. GA was identified in one of the fractions with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ion trap mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). The FTIR spectra demonstrated the presence of aromatic and ester functional groups C=C, C-H, and C=O bonds, with the most remarkable signals recorded at 1400 cm−1 for the aromatic region, at 1400 cm−1 for the CH3 groups, and at 1650 cm−1 for the carbonyl groups in GA. The MS spectra showed a molecular ion [M-1]− at (m/z) 467 with a molecular weight of 468.4 and the molecular formula C24H20O10. that correspond to GA. The 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra verified the chemical shifts that are typical for GA. GA reduced the cell viability of breast cancer cells from the MCF-7 cell line by 98%, which is indicative of the strong cytotoxic properties of GA and its significant potential to serve as a potent anticancer drug.
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16
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Kalın ŞN, Altay A, Budak H. Diffractaic acid, a novel TrxR1 inhibitor, induces cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and antimigration in human breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 361:109984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Majchrzak-Celińska A, Kleszcz R, Studzińska-Sroka E, Łukaszyk A, Szoszkiewicz A, Stelcer E, Jopek K, Rucinski M, Cielecka-Piontek J, Krajka-Kuźniak V. Lichen Secondary Metabolites Inhibit the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Glioblastoma Cells and Improve the Anticancer Effects of Temozolomide. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071084. [PMID: 35406647 PMCID: PMC8997913 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens are a source of secondary metabolites with significant pharmacological potential. Data regarding their possible application in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment are, however, scarce. The study aimed at analyzing the mechanism of action of six lichen secondary metabolites: atranorin, caperatic acid, physodic acid, squamatic acid, salazinic acid, and lecanoric acid using two- and three-dimensional GBM cell line models. The parallel artificial membrane permeation assay was used to predict the blood-brain barrier penetration ability of the tested compounds. Their cytotoxicity was analyzed using the MTT test on A-172, T98G, and U-138 MG cells. Flow cytometry was applied to the analysis of oxidative stress, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis, whereas qPCR and microarrays detected the induced transcriptomic changes. Our data confirm the ability of lichen secondary metabolites to cross the blood-brain barrier and exert cytotoxicity against GBM cells. Moreover, the compounds generated oxidative stress, interfered with the cell cycle, and induced apoptosis in T98G cells. They also inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and this effect was even stronger in case of a co-treatment with temozolomide. Transcriptomic changes in cancer related genes induced by caperatic acid and temozolomide were the most pronounced. Lichen secondary metabolites, caperatic acid in particular, should be further analyzed as potential anti-GBM agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Majchrzak-Celińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (A.S.); (V.K.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618546625
| | - Robert Kleszcz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (A.S.); (V.K.-K.)
| | - Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Str., 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (E.S.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Agnieszka Łukaszyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (A.S.); (V.K.-K.)
| | - Anna Szoszkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (A.S.); (V.K.-K.)
| | - Ewelina Stelcer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 6 Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (E.S.); (K.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Karol Jopek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 6 Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (E.S.); (K.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 6 Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (E.S.); (K.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Str., 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (E.S.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str., 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (R.K.); (A.Ł.); (A.S.); (V.K.-K.)
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18
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Le TC, Pulat S, Lee J, Kim GJ, Kim H, Lee EY, Hillman PF, Choi H, Yang I, Oh DC, Kim H, Nam SJ, Fenical W. Marine Depsipeptide Nobilamide I Inhibits Cancer Cell Motility and Tumorigenicity via Suppressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and MMP2/9 Expression. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1722-1732. [PMID: 35071867 PMCID: PMC8771697 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A cyclic depsipeptide, nobilamide I (1), along with the known peptide A-3302-B/TL-119 (2), was isolated from the saline cultivation of the marine-derived bacterium Saccharomonospora sp., strain CNQ-490. The planar structure of 1 was elucidated by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR and MS spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of the amino acids in 1 were assigned by using the C3 Marfey's analysis and comparing them with those of 2 based on their biosynthetic pathways. Nobilamide I (1) decreased cell motility by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in A549 (lung cancer), AGS (gastric cancer), and Caco2 (colorectal cancer) cell lines. In addition, 1 modulated the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family (MMP2 and MMP9) in the three cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Cam Le
- College
of Pharmacy, Hong Bang International University, Hoa Binh, Hoa Thanh Ward, Tan Phu
District, Ho Chi Minh City72006, Vietnam
| | - Sultan Pulat
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon-si, Jeonnam57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans
University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Jin Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbukdo38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Haerin Kim
- The
Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul03760, Republic
of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans
University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Prima F. Hillman
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans
University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbukdo38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Yang
- Department
of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727, Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan49112, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural
Products Research Institute College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon-si, Jeonnam57922, Republic of Korea
- . Phone: +82
53 810 2824
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans
University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
- . Phone: +82 2 3277 6805
| | - William Fenical
- Center
for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California92093-0204, United States
- . Phone: +1 858 259 3839
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19
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Mohammadi M, Bagheri L, Badreldin A, Fatehi P, Pakzad L, Suntres Z, van Wijnen AJ. Biological Effects of Gyrophoric Acid and Other Lichen Derived Metabolites, on Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis and Cell Signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109768. [PMID: 34864007 PMCID: PMC8808380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites from fungi, algae and lichens have remarkable biological activities as antibiotics, fungicides, antiviral drugs, and cancer therapeutics. This review focuses on the lichen-derived metabolite gyrophoric acid and other select secondary metabolites (e.g., usnic acid, salazinic acid, physodic acid, vulpinic acid ceratinalone, flavicansone, ramalin, physciosporin, tumidulin, atranorin, parmosidone) that modulate a number of cellular pathways relevant to several biomedical diseases and disorders, including cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We discuss the chemical structure and biochemical activities of gyrophoric acid and other compounds relative to the molecular mechanisms and cellular processes that these metabolites target in a distinct human and rodent cell types. The therapeutic promise of gyrophoric acid and similar lichen derived metabolites is associated with the chemical versatility of these compounds as polyaromatic depsides with functional carboxyl and hydroxyl side-groups that may permit selective interactions with distinct enzymatic active sites. Gyrophoric acid has been examined in a series of studies as an effective anticancer drug because it impinges on topoisomerase 1 activity, as well as causes cell cycle arrest, comprises cell survival, and promotes apoptosis. Because gyrophoric acid has cytostatic properties, its biological roles and possible medicinal utility may extend beyond effects on cancer cells and be relevant to any process that is controlled by cell growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mohammadi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada.
| | - Leila Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Amr Badreldin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada.
| | - Leila Pakzad
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada.
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A Comparative Survey of Anti-Melanoma and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Usnic Acid Enantiomers-A Comprehensive In Vitro Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090945. [PMID: 34577645 PMCID: PMC8470841 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Usnic acid (UA) is a chiral lichen metabolite with an interesting pharmacological profile. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-melanoma effect of (+)-UA and (−)-UA in an in vitro model by studying their impact on the cells as well as the processes associated with cancer progression. The effect of UA enantiomers on the viability, proliferation, and invasive potential of three melanoma cell lines (HTB140, A375, WM793) was evaluated. Their interaction with a chemotherapeutic drug—doxorubicin was assessed by isobolographic analysis. Anti-inflammatory and anti-tyrosinase properties of (+)-UA and (−)-UA were also examined. Both UA enantiomers dose- and time-dependently decreased the viability of all three melanoma cell lines. Their synergistic effect with doxorubicin was observed on A375 cells. (+)-Usnic acid at a sub-cytotoxic dose strongly inhibited melanoma cells migration. Both UA enantiomers decreased the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. The cytotoxic effect of (+)-UA and (−)-UA depends greatly on the melanoma cell type; however, the overall anti-melanoma potential is perspective. Our results indicate that the strategy of combining usnic acid enantiomers with cytostatic drugs may be an interesting option to consider in combating melanoma; however, further studies are required.
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21
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(+)-Usnic Acid as a Promising Candidate for a Safe and Stable Topical Photoprotective Agent. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175224. [PMID: 34500657 PMCID: PMC8433837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to examine whether usnic acid—a lichen compound with UV-absorbing properties—can be considered as a prospective photoprotective agent in cosmetic products. Moreover, a comparison of two usnic acid enantiomers was performed to preselect the more effective compound. To meet this aim, an in vitro model was created, comprising the determination of skin-penetrating properties via skin-PAMPA assay, safety assessment to normal human skin cells (keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts), and examination of photostability and photoprotective properties. Both enantiomers revealed comparable good skin-penetrating properties. Left-handed usnic acid was slightly more toxic to keratinocytes (IC50 80.82 and 40.12 µg/mL, after 48 and 72 h, respectively) than its right-handed counterpart. The latter enantiomer, in a cosmetic formulation, was characterized by good photoprotective properties and photostability, comparable to the UV filter octocrylene. Perhaps most interestingly, (+)-usnic acid combined with octocrylene in one formulation revealed enhanced photoprotection and photostability. Thus, the strategy can be considered for the potential use of (+)-usnic acid as a UV filter in cosmetic products. Moreover, the proposed model may be useful for the evaluation of candidates for UV filters.
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Kim S, Lee CW, Park SY, Asolkar RN, Kim H, Kim GJ, Oh SJ, Kim Y, Lee EY, Oh DC, Yang I, Paik MJ, Choi H, Kim H, Nam SJ, Fenical W. Acremonamide, a Cyclic Pentadepsipeptide with Wound-Healing Properties Isolated from a Marine-Derived Fungus of the Genus Acremonium. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2249-2255. [PMID: 34387477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Acremonamide (1) was isolated from a marine-derived fungus belonging to the genus Acremonium. The chemical structure of 1 was established using MS, UV, and NMR spectroscopic data analyses. Acremonamide (1) was found to contain N-Me-Phe, N-Me-Ala, Val, Phe, and 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid. The absolute configurations of the four aforementioned amino acids were determined through acid hydrolysis followed by the advanced Marfey's method, whereas the absolute configuration of 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid was determined through GC-MS analysis after formation of the O-pentafluoropropionylated derivative of the (-)-menthyl ester of 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid. As an intrinsic biological activity, acremonamide (1) did not exert cytotoxicity to cancer and noncancer cells and increased the migration and invasion. Based on these activities, the wound healing properties of acremonamide (1) were confirmed in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Wook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ratnakar N Asolkar
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0204, United States
| | - Haerin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbukdo 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Jin Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Yang
- Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbukdo 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0204, United States
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Dar TUH, Dar SA, Islam SU, Mangral ZA, Dar R, Singh BP, Verma P, Haque S. Lichens as a repository of bioactive compounds: an open window for green therapy against diverse cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1120-1137. [PMID: 34052413 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lichens, algae and fungi-based symbiotic associations, are sources of many important secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and anticancer agents. Wide range of experiments based on in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that lichens are a rich treasure of anti-cancer compounds. Lichen extracts and isolated lichen compounds can interact with all biological entities currently identified to be responsible for tumor development. The critical ways to control the cancer development include induction of cell cycle arrests, blocking communication of growth factors, activation of anti-tumor immunity, inhibition of tumor-friendly inflammation, inhibition of tumor metastasis, and suppressing chromosome dysfunction. Also, lichen-based compounds induce the killing of cells by the process of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, that inturn positively modulates metabolic networks of cells against uncontrolled cell division. Many lichen-based compounds have proven to possess potential anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cells, either alone or in conjunction with other anti-cancer compounds. This review primarily emphasizes on an updated account of the repository of secondary metabolites reported in lichens. Besides, we discuss the anti-cancer potential and possible mechanism of the most frequently reported secondary metabolites derived from lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ul Hassan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahid Ahmed Mangral
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rubiya Dar
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Tripathi AH, Negi N, Gahtori R, Kumari A, Joshi P, Tewari LM, Joshi Y, Bajpai R, Upreti DK, Upadhyay SK. A Review of Anti-Cancer and Related Properties of Lichen-Extracts and Metabolites. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:115-142. [PMID: 34225637 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210322094647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichens are a composite consortium of fungus and alga. The symbiotic organisms are naturally equipped with distinct characteristics as compared to constituting organisms separately. Lichens due to their peculiar anatomy and physiology, are the reservoir of more than 600 unique secondary metabolites, also known as 'lichen substances'. Since ancient times, many ethnic groups from various parts of the world had knowledge about the applications of lichens as major provenance of food/fodder, medicine, dyes, spices, perfumes, etc. Lichen substances have shown impressive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities under experimental conditions. Usnic acid, a well-known metabolite, found in several species of lichens, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It also has significant anti-proliferative potential as revealed through testing in different cancer cell lines. Atranorin, Lecanoric acid, Norstictic acid, Lobaric acid, Stictic acid, Ramalin, Gyrophoric acid, Salazinic acid, Protolichesterinic, and Fumarprotocetraric acid are some of the other purified lichen metabolites with potent anti-cancer activities. OBJECTIVE This study presents an overview of lichen derived extracts/compounds augmenting the anti-cancer (related) properties. METHOD The review comprehends different studies (in vivo and in vitro) backing up the possibility of lichen extracts and metabolites towards their use as antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and EMT-inhibiting agents. RESULTS The review focuses on anti-cancer and related properties of lichen extracts and metabolites that include their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic, cancer stemness reduction, activities and, the potential of inhibition of cancer-associated Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is responsible for multiple drug-resistance and metastasis of cancer cells in a large proportion of cases. CONCLUSION Lichens can be the repertoire of a plethora of lichen metabolites with putative bioactive potential, which is needed to be explored in order to find out novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita H Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nidhi Negi
- Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rekha Gahtori
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India-263136; b Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amrita Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India-263136; b Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Penny Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand. 0
| | - Lalit M Tewari
- Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yogesh Joshi
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Bajpai
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Dalip K Upreti
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Santosh K Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
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Petrova K, Kello M, Kuruc T, Backorova M, Petrovova E, Vilkova M, Goga M, Rucova D, Backor M, Mojzis J. Potential Effect of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf Extract and Metabolite Physodic Acid on Tumour Microenvironment Modulation in MCF-10A Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030420. [PMID: 33809098 PMCID: PMC8000760 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens comprise a number of unique secondary metabolites with remarkable biological activities and have become an interesting research topic for cancer therapy. However, only a few of these metabolites have been assessed for their effectiveness against various in vitro models. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of extract Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (PSE) and its metabolite physodic acid (Phy) on tumour microenvironment (TME) modulation, focusing on epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) transformation and angiogenesis. Here, we demonstrate, by using flow cytometry, Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy, that tested compounds inhibited the EMT process in MCF-10A breast cells through decreasing the level of different mesenchymal markers in a time- and dose-dependent manner. By the same mechanisms, PSE and Phy suppressed the function of Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-stimulated fibroblasts. Moreover, PSE and Phy resulted in a decreasing level of the TGF-β canonical pathway Smad2/3, which is essential for tumour growth. Furthermore, PSE and Phy inhibited angiogenesis ex ovo in a quail embryo chorioallantoic model, which indicates their potential anti-angiogenic activity. These results also provided the first evidence of the modulation of TME by these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Petrova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (K.P); (T.K.)
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (K.P); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Tomas Kuruc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (K.P); (T.K.)
| | - Miriam Backorova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Eva Petrovova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Maria Vilkova
- Department of NMR Spectroscopy, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Michal Goga
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia; (D.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Dajana Rucova
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia; (D.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Martin Backor
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia; (D.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (K.P); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.M.)
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Noh JI, Mun SK, Lim EH, Kim H, Chang DJ, Hur JS, Yee ST. Induction of Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells Treated with the Methanol Extract of Lichen Physconia hokkaidensis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030188. [PMID: 33807853 PMCID: PMC8000577 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Physconia hokkaidensis methanol extract (PHE) was studied to identify anticancer effects and reveal its mechanism of action by an analysis of cytotoxicity, cell cycles, and apoptosis biomarkers. PHE showed strong cytotoxicity in various cancer cells, including HL-60, HeLa, A549, Hep G2, AGS, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7. Of these cell lines, the growth of MDA-MB-231 was concentration-dependently suppressed by PHE, but MCF-7 was not affected. MDA-MB-231 cells, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, do not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), whereas MCF-7 cells are ER-positive, PR-positive, and HER-2-negative breast cancer cells. The number of cells in sub-G1 phase was increased after 24 h of treatment, and annexin V/PI staining showed that the population size of apoptotic cells was increased by prolonged exposure to PHE. Moreover, PHE treatment downregulated the transcriptional levels of Bcl-2, AMPK, and p-Akt, whereas it significantly upregulated the levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved-PARP. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the PHE exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward MDA-MB-231, not toward MCF-7, and its cytotoxic activity is based on induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-In Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea; (J.-I.N.); (S.-K.M.); (E.H.L.); (H.K.); (D.-J.C.)
| | - Seul-Ki Mun
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea; (J.-I.N.); (S.-K.M.); (E.H.L.); (H.K.); (D.-J.C.)
| | - Eui Hyeon Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea; (J.-I.N.); (S.-K.M.); (E.H.L.); (H.K.); (D.-J.C.)
| | - Hangun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea; (J.-I.N.); (S.-K.M.); (E.H.L.); (H.K.); (D.-J.C.)
| | - Dong-Jo Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea; (J.-I.N.); (S.-K.M.); (E.H.L.); (H.K.); (D.-J.C.)
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Department of Environmental Education, Korea Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 549-742, Korea;
| | - Sung-Tae Yee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea; (J.-I.N.); (S.-K.M.); (E.H.L.); (H.K.); (D.-J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-750-3752; Fax: +82-61-750-3708
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Evaluation of the biological activities of olivetoric acid, a lichen-derived molecule, in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-00976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lee J, Gamage CDB, Kim GJ, Hillman PF, Lee C, Lee EY, Choi H, Kim H, Nam SJ, Fenical W. Androsamide, a Cyclic Tetrapeptide from a Marine Nocardiopsis sp., Suppresses Motility of Colorectal Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3166-3172. [PMID: 32985880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A cyclic tetrapeptide, androsamide (1), was isolated from a marine actinomycete of the genus Nocardiopsis, strain CNT-189. The planar structure of 1 was assigned by the interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of constituent amino acids of 1 were determined by application of the Marfey's and advanced Marfey's methods. Androsamide (1) strongly suppressed the motility of Caco2 cells caused by epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Laboratories of Marine New Drugs, REDONE Seoul, Seoul 08594, Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Chathurika D B Gamage
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Geum Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbukdo 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Yeungnam, Gyeongsangbukdo 38531, Republic of Korea
| | - Prima F Hillman
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbukdo 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Yeungnam, Gyeongsangbukdo 38531, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0204, United States
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Goncu B, Sevgi E, Kizilarslan Hancer C, Gokay G, Ozten N. Differential anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of lichen species on human prostate carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238303. [PMID: 32997661 PMCID: PMC7527208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens are stable symbiotic associations between fungus and algae and/or cyanobacteria that have different biological activities. Around 60% of anti-cancer drugs are derived from natural resources including plants, fungi, sea creatures, and lichens. This project aims to identify the apoptotic effects and proliferative properties of extracts of Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D.Hawksw, Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr., Evernia divaricata (L.) Ach., Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav., Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm., and Usnea florida (L.) Weber ex Wigg. lichen species on prostate cancer cells. Lichen extracts were performed by ethanol, methanol, and acetone separately by using the Soxhlet apparatus and the effects of the extracts on cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were measured with the utilization of MTT, LDH assay, Annexin V assay, and Western Blot. Findings of our study revealed a positive correlation between the elevation of cell sensitivity and the increase in the treatment doses of the extract in that higher doses applied reverberate to higher cell sensitivity. A similar correlation was also identified between cell sensitivity elevation and the duration of the treatment. Evidence in our study have shown the existence of an anti-proliferative effect in the extracts of Bryoria capillaris, Evernia divaricata (L.) Ach., Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav., Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm., and Usnea florida (L.) Weber ex Wigg., while a similar effect was not observed in the extracts of Cladonia fimbriata. Evernia divaricata induced anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in PC-3 cells, which induced apoptotic cell death by both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Hypogymnia tubulosa has been shown to have anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in all extractions methods and our findings identified that both the percentage of the apoptotic cells and apoptotic protein expressions recorded an increase at lower treatment concentrations. Although Lobaria pulmonaria is known to have significant cytotoxic effects, we did not observe a decrease in cell proliferation. Indeed, proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression levels have shown an increase in all extracts, while Usnea florida exhibited apoptosis induction and slight proliferation reduction in extract treatments with lower concentrations. We tested 18 extracts of six lichen species during our study. Of these, Evernia divaricata and Hypogymnia tubulosa demonstrated significant apoptotic activity on prostate cancer cells including at low concentrations, which implies that it is worth pursuing the biologically active lead compounds of these extracts on prostate cancer in vitro. Further corroboratory studies are needed to validate the relative potential of these extracts as anti-metastatic and anti-tumorigenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Goncu
- Experimental Research Center, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Sevgi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, BezmialemVakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagla Kizilarslan Hancer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, BezmialemVakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guzin Gokay
- Experimental Research Center, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Ozten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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HPLC Fingerprint Analysis with the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Selected Lichens Combined with the Chemometric Calculations. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184301. [PMID: 32961727 PMCID: PMC7571045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of multivariate techniques to predict antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the selected lichens from the chromatographic data. A simple and reproducible HPLC-DAD technique has been used to obtain the chromatographic fingerprint profiles. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) linear gradient system with methanol, water and phosphoric acid (V) (pH 2.3) as the mobile phase was used (50 min). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been applied to the evaluation of the phytochemical similarity between studied samples, especially between the same species collected in various places of Poland (Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach., CI, Cladina mitis Sandst., CM, Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., HP). The ability to scavenge free radicals was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) test. In the case of DPPH % of inhibition was higher for selected species (Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf, H. physodes in comparison to the literature data. The FRAP test showed that the H. physodes extract had higher ability to scavenge free radical in comparison to Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrader and Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., whereas P. furfuracea extract showed higher ability than C. islandica. The high content of phenolics in P. furfuracea and H. physodes confirms their high antioxidant activity. The cytotoxic activity of studied extracts was tested by cell culture method using the human HL-60 / MX2 acute CKL-22 (CRL-2257) promyelocytic leukemia tumor cell line. The lowest values of IC50 [µg∙mL-1] were obtained for: H. physodes (HP1)-99.4; C. digitate-122.6; H. physodes (HP)-136.5, C. subulata-142.6; C. mitis-180.2.
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Methanol Extract of Usnea barbata Induces Cell Killing, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage against Oral Cancer Cells through Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080694. [PMID: 32756347 PMCID: PMC7465944 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some lichens provide the resources of common traditional medicines and show anticancer effects. However, the anticancer effect of Usnproliea barbata (U. barbata) is rarely investigated, especially for oral cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the cell killing function of methanol extracts of U. barbata (MEUB) against oral cancer cells. MEUB shows preferential killing against a number of oral cancer cell lines (Ca9-22, OECM-1, CAL 27, HSC3, and SCC9) but rarely affects normal oral cell lines (HGF-1). Ca9-22 and OECM-1 cells display the highest sensitivity to MEUB and were chosen for concentration effect and time course experiments to address its cytotoxic mechanisms. MEUB induces apoptosis of oral cancer cells in terms of the findings from flow cytometric assays and Western blotting, such as subG1 accumulation, annexin V detection, and pancaspase activation as well as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. MEUB induces oxidative stress and DNA damage of oral cancer cells following flow cytometric assays, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS)/mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depletion as well as overexpression of γH2AX and 8-oxo-2'deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG). All MEUB-induced changes in oral cancer cells were triggered by oxidative stress which was validated by pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In conclusion, MEUB causes preferential killing of oral cancer cells and is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage.
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Değerli E, Torun V, Cansaran-Duman D. miR-185-5p response to usnic acid suppresses proliferation and regulating apoptosis in breast cancer cell by targeting Bcl2. Biol Res 2020; 53:19. [PMID: 32366289 PMCID: PMC7197166 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer types among women. Recent researches have focused on determining the efficiency of alternative molecules and miRNAs in breast cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of usnic acid response-miR-185-5p on proliferation in the breast cancer cell and to determine its relationship with apoptosis pathway. METHODS The cell proliferation and cell apoptosis rate were significantly increased following the ectopic expression of miR-185-5p in BT-474 cells. Furthermore, the results of cell cycle assay performed by flow cytometry revealed that the transfection with miR-185-5p induced G1/S phase arrest. The apoptosis-related genes expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR and the direct target of miR-185-5p in BT-474 cells was identified by western blot and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Our data showed that miR-185-5p can cause significant changes in apoptosis-related genes expression levels, suggesting that cell proliferation was suppressed by miR-185-5p via inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. According to western blot results, miR-185-5p lead to decrease BCL2 protein level in BT-474 cells and direct target of miR-185-5p was identified as BCL by luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSION This study revealed that miR-185-5p may be an effective agent in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Değerli
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Keçiören, 06135, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vildan Torun
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Keçiören, 06135, Ankara, Turkey
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Samuelsen L, Hansen PE, Vang O. Derivatives of usnic acid cause cytostatic effect in Caco-2 cells. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4953-4959. [PMID: 32352327 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1756796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Usnic acid has anti-cancer activity, however, low solubility and toxicity limit the potential. To investigate biological activity of usnic acid derivatives, enantiopure derivatives were synthesised by reacting usnic acid with ethylenediamine, which yielded one dimer product ((+)-1), and two tetra cyclic compounds ((+)-2 and (-)-2). The products were characterised with NMR, and evaluated in vitro in human colon cancer cell line Caco-2 by cell count, phase-contrast microscopy, MTT-assay, measurement of DNA content and cell cycle distribution. All compounds tested showed cytostatic effect in Caco-2 cells, but each compound had a distinct cellular effect. Compound (+)-1 showed anti-proliferative activity by increasing the percentage of cells in S-phase with 25% compared to the control. Compounds (+)-2 and (-)-2 induced paraptosis, but only compound (+)-2 modulated cell cycle distribution by accumulating cells in G2/M-phase by 47% and reduced DNA content by 60%. All compounds express interesting cellular and potential anti-proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Samuelsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Hansen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole Vang
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Mohammadi M, Zambare V, Malek L, Gottardo C, Suntres Z, Christopher L. Lichenochemicals: extraction, purification, characterization, and application as potential anticancer agents. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:575-601. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1730325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mohammadi
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasudeo Zambare
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- School of Sciences, Sandip University, Nashik, India
| | - Ladislav Malek
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Gottardo
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zacharias Suntres
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lew Christopher
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Biorefinery World, LLC, Rapid City, SD, USA
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Anticancer Potential of Lichens' Secondary Metabolites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010087. [PMID: 31948092 PMCID: PMC7022966 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens produce different classes of phenolic compounds, including anthraquinones, xanthones, dibenzofuranes, depsides and depsidones. Many of them have revealed effective biological activities such as antioxidant, antiviral, antibiotics, antifungal, and anticancer. Although no clinical study has been conducted yet, there are number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating anticancer effects of lichen metabolites. The main goal of our work was to review most recent published papers dealing with anticancer activities of secondary metabolites of lichens and point out to their perspective clinical use in cancer management.
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Pyrczak-Felczykowska A, Narlawar R, Pawlik A, Guzow-Krzemińska B, Artymiuk D, Hać A, Ryś K, Rendina LM, Reekie TA, Herman-Antosiewicz A, Kassiou M. Synthesis of Usnic Acid Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative Activity against Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1768-1778. [PMID: 31282672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite abundantly found in lichens, for which promising cytotoxic and antitumor potential has been shown. However, knowledge concerning activities of its derivatives is limited. Herein, a series of usnic acid derivatives were synthesized and their antiproliferative potency against cancer cells of different origin was assessed. Some of the synthesized compounds were more active than usnic acid. Compounds 2a and 2b inhibited survival of all tested cancer cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Their IC50 values after 48 h of treatment were ca. 3 μM for MCF-7 and PC-3 cells and 1 μM for HeLa cells, while 3a and 3b revealed antiproliferative activity only against HeLa cells. All active usnic acid derivatives induced G0/G1 arrest and a drop in the fraction of HeLa cells in the S and G2/M phases. Compounds 2a and 2b decreased the clonogenic potential of the cancer cells evaluated and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, they induced massive cytoplasmic vacuolization, which was associated with elevated dynein-dependent endocytosis, a process that has not been reported for usnic acid and indicates a novel mechanism of action of its synthetic derivatives. This work also shows that naturally occurring usnic acids are promising lead compounds for the synthesis of derivatives with more favorable properties against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajeshwar Narlawar
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Anna Pawlik
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics , University of Gdańsk , 80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
- Department of Biochemistry , Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport , 80-336 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Beata Guzow-Krzemińska
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation , University of Gdańsk , 80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Damian Artymiuk
- Faculty of Biology , University of Gdańsk , 80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Aleksandra Hać
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics , University of Gdańsk , 80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Kamil Ryś
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics , University of Gdańsk , 80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Louis M Rendina
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Tristan A Reekie
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics , University of Gdańsk , 80-308 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
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Machado NM, Ribeiro AB, Nicolella HD, Ozelin SD, Silva LHDD, Guissone APP, Rinaldi-Neto F, Lemos ILL, Furtado RA, Cunha WR, Rezende AAAD, Spanó MA, Tavares DC. Usnic acid attenuates genomic instability in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as chemical-induced preneoplastic lesions in rat colon. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:401-410. [PMID: 31066341 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1613274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Usnic acid (UA) is one of the pharmacologically most important compounds produced by several lichen species. To better understand the mechanism of action (MOA) of this important substance, this study examined the genotoxicity attributed to UA and its influence on mutagens with varying MOA using the micronucleus (MN) test in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). Additional experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of UA on colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats employing the aberrant crypt focus (ACF) assay. In vitro studies showed a significant increase in the frequency of MN in cultures treated with the highest UA concentration tested (87.13 µM). In contrast, UA concentrations of 10.89, 21.78, or 43.56 µM produced an approximate 60% reduction in chromosomal damage induced by doxorubicin, hydrogen peroxide, and etoposide, indicating an antigenotoxic effect. In the ACF assay, male Wistar rats treated with different UA doses (3.125, 12.5, or 50 mg/kg b.w.) and with the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine exhibited a significantly lower incidence of neoplastic lesions in the colon than animals treated only with the carcinogen. Data suggest that the MOA responsible for the chemopreventive effect of UA may be related to interaction with DNA topoisomerase II and/or the antioxidant potential of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayane Moreira Machado
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Azenha Alves De Rezende
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
- c Faculty of Integrated Sciences of Pontal , Federal University of Uberlândia , Ituiutaba , MG , Brazil
| | - Mário Antônio Spanó
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
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Ozturk S, Erkisa M, Oran S, Ulukaya E, Celikler S, Ari F. Lichens exerts an anti-proliferative effect on human breast and lung cancer cells through induction of apoptosis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:259-267. [PMID: 30835567 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1573825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Successful cancer treatment still requires new complexes or compounds from natural sources. Therefore, we investigated anti-growth/apoptotic effects of methanol extracts of the lichen species (Xanthoparmelia somloensis (Gleyn.) Hale, Usnea intermedia (A. Massal.) Jatta, Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw and Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.) on human lung (A549, H1299) and breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines. Anti-growth effects were monitored by the MTT and ATP viability assays. Cell death mode was evaluated by employing the fluorescence staining of nucleus, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 detection, caspase 3/7 activity assay, Anneksin V cytofluorimetric assay and mitochondria membrane potential assay. Among the lichen extracts, Usnea intermedia exhibited strong anti-growth activity in a dose-dependent manner (1.56-100 µg/ml) compared to the others. Usnea intermedia was especially cytotoxic against MDA-MB-231 and H1299 cells (IC50 value for was found 3.0 and 10.2 μg/ml respectively). The cytotoxicity was resulted from apoptosis as proved by the presence of pyknotic nuclei, caspase 3/7 activity, phosphatidylserine translocation and loss of mitochondria membrane potential. In conclusion, Usnea intermedia warrants for further in vivo evaluation as a new alternative in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Ozturk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Merve Erkisa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Oran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Celikler
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Potassium usnate, a water-soluble usnic acid salt, shows enhanced bioavailability and inhibits invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16234. [PMID: 30390003 PMCID: PMC6214985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Usnic acid (UA), a lichen secondary substance, has considerable anticancer activity in vitro, whereas its effect in vivo is limited. Here, potassium usnate (KU) was prepared by the salinization of UA to enhance its water solubility. KU showed increased bioavailability compared with UA in the tumor, liver, and plasma of a CT26 syngeneic mouse tumor xenograft model after oral administration, as determined by LC-MS/MS analysis. KU exhibited potent anticancer effects on colorectal cancer cells and inhibited liver metastasis in an orthotopic murine colorectal cancer model. KU treatment downregulated the epithelial-mesenchymal markers Twist, Snail, and Slug and the metastasis-related genes CAPN1, CDC42, CFL1, IGF1, WASF1, and WASL in cells and tumor tissues. The present results suggest the potential application of the water-soluble form of UA, KU, in anticancer therapy.
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Shrestha N, Shrestha H, Ryu T, Kim H, Simkhada S, Cho YC, Park SY, Cho S, Lee KY, Lee JH, Kim K. δ-Catenin Increases the Stability of EGFR by Decreasing c-Cbl Interaction and Enhances EGFR/Erk1/2 Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Mol Cells 2018; 41:320-330. [PMID: 29629558 PMCID: PMC5935102 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
δ-Catenin, a member of the p120-catenin subfamily of armadillo proteins, reportedly increases during the late stage of prostate cancer. Our previous study demonstrates that δ-catenin increases the stability of EGFR in prostate cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanism behind δ-catenin-mediated enhanced stability of EGFR was not explored. In this study, we hypothesized that δ-catenin enhances the protein stability of EGFR by inhibiting its lysosomal degradation that is mediated by c-casitas b-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), a RING domain E3 ligase. c-Cbl monoubiquitinates EGFR and thus facilitates its internalization, followed by lysosomal degradation. We observed that δ-catenin plays a key role in EGFR stability and downstream signaling. δ-Catenin competes with c-Cbl for EGFR binding, which results in a reduction of binding between c-Cbl and EGFR and thus decreases the ubiquitination of EGFR. This in turn increases the expression of membrane bound EGFR and enhances EGFR/Erk1/2 signaling. Our findings add a new perspective on the role of δ-catenin in enhancing EGFR/Erk1/2 signaling-mediated prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nensi Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hridaya Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Taeyong Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea
| | - Shishli Simkhada
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea
| | - Sayeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Kwang-Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Lee
- Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital & Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Paluszczak J, Kleszcz R, Studzińska-Sroka E, Krajka-Kuźniak V. Lichen-derived caperatic acid and physodic acid inhibit Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 441:109-124. [PMID: 28887754 PMCID: PMC5843697 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are a source of secondary metabolites which possess important biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects. The anticancer activity of lichens was shown in many types of tumors, including colorectal cancers (CRC). Several studies revealed that the application of lichen extracts diminished the proliferation of CRC cells and induced apoptosis. Colon carcinogenesis is associated with aberrations in Wnt signaling. Elevated transcriptional activity of β-catenin induces cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Thus, the inhibition of Wnt signaling is a promising therapeutic strategy in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effects of lichen-derived depsides (atranorin, lecanoric acid, squamatic acid) and depsidones (physodic acid, salazinic acid) and a poly-carboxylic fatty acid-caperatic acid, on Wnt signaling in HCT116 and DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell lines. HCT116 cells were more sensitive to the modulatory effects of the compounds. PKF118-310, which was used as a reference β-catenin inhibitor, dose-dependently reduced the expression of the classical β-catenin target gene-Axin2 in both cell lines. Lecanoric acid slightly reduced Axin2 expression in HCT116 cells while caperatic acid tended to reduce Axin2 expression in both cell lines. Physodic acid much more potently decreased Axin2 expression in HCT116 cells than in DLD-1 cells. Physodic acid and caperatic acid also diminished the expression of survivin and MMP7 in a cell line and time-dependent manner. None of the compounds affected the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. This is the first report showing the ability of caperatic acid and physodic acid to modulate β-catenin-dependent transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Paluszczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Robert Kleszcz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
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Antimicrobial peptides, nanotechnology, and natural metabolites as novel approaches for cancer treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 183:160-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Geng X, Zhang X, Zhou B, Zhang C, Tu J, Chen X, Wang J, Gao H, Qin G, Pan W. Usnic Acid Induces Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:556-566. [PMID: 29374767 PMCID: PMC5798279 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Usnic acid (UA), a secondary metabolite, is mainly derived from certain lichen species. Growing evidence suggests that UA has antitumor, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and other activities in a variety of cancer cells. However, the antitumor effect of UA in gastric cancer cells (GC) is unclear. The aim of this investigation was to assess the antitumor effect of UA in GC cells in vitro and in vivo, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Material/Methods Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 assay, the arrest of cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry, and cellular apoptosis was observed via Hoechst 33258 staining assay. Expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (activated caspase-3 and PARP, Bax, Bcl2) and autophagy-associated proteins (LC3-II and p62) were verified through Western blot analysis. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry were carried out in the subcutaneously implanted BGC823 tumor model in a nude mouse experiment. Results In vitro, we demonstrated that UA was significantly effective in inducing morphological changes, inhibiting the cell proliferation dose- and time-dependently, arresting the cell cycle phase, promoting cancer cellular apoptosis, and inducing autophagy activity. In vivo, compared to mice treated with 5-FU alone, UA treatment was significantly more effective in suppressing the tumor growth without affecting body weight, and in regulating the amount of Bax and Bcl2 in tumor tissues. Conclusions UA induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy and exerts anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects by modulating expression of apoptosis-related proteins in stomach neoplasm cells, and has a better antitumor effect compared to 5-Fu in the xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chenjing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jiangfeng Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jingya Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Huiqin Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Guangming Qin
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wensheng Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Department of Gastroenterology & Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Ekanayaka AH, Ariyawansa HA, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Daranagama DA, Phillips AJL, Hongsanan S, Jayasiri SC, Zhao Q. DISCOMYCETES: the apothecial representatives of the phylum Ascomycota. FUNGAL DIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-017-0389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Zhou R, Yang Y, Park SY, Nguyen TT, Seo YW, Lee KH, Lee JH, Kim KK, Hur JS, Kim H. The lichen secondary metabolite atranorin suppresses lung cancer cell motility and tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8136. [PMID: 28811522 PMCID: PMC5557893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms that produce various secondary metabolites. Here, different lichen extracts were examined to identify secondary metabolites with anti-migratory activity against human lung cancer cells. Everniastrum vexans had the most potent inhibitory activity, and atranorin was identified as an active subcomponent of this extract. Atranorin suppressed β-catenin-mediated TOPFLASH activity by inhibiting the nuclear import of β-catenin and downregulating β-catenin/LEF and c-jun/AP-1 downstream target genes such as CD44, cyclin-D1 and c-myc. Atranorin decreased KAI1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin (KITENIN)-mediated AP-1 activity and the activity of the KITENIN 3′-untranslated region. The nuclear distribution of the AP-1 transcriptional factor, including c-jun and c-fos, was suppressed in atranorin-treated cells, and atranorin inhibited the activity of Rho GTPases including Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA, whereas it had no effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. STAT-luciferase activity and nuclear STAT levels were decreased, whereas total STAT levels were moderately reduced. The human cell motility and lung cancer RT² Profiler PCR Arrays identified additional atranorin target genes. Atranorin significantly inhibited tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results indicated that E. vexans and its subcomponent atranorin may inhibit lung cancer cell motility and tumorigenesis by affecting AP-1, Wnt, and STAT signaling and suppressing RhoGTPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea.,Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Thi Nguyen
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam
| | - Young-Woo Seo
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea.
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Kumar SN, Mohandas C. An Antifungal Mechanism of Protolichesterinic Acid from the Lichen Usnea albopunctata Lies in the Accumulation of Intracellular ROS and Mitochondria-Mediated Cell Death Due to Apoptosis in Candida tropicalis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:301. [PMID: 28611662 PMCID: PMC5447038 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species causes superficial and life-threatening systemic infections and are difficult to treat due to the resistance of these organism to various clinically used drugs. Protolichesterinic acid is a well-known lichen compound. Although the antibacterial activity of protolichesterinic acid has been reported earlier, the antifungal property and its mechanism of action are still largely unidentified. The goal of the present investigation is to explore the anticandidal activity and mechanism of action of protolichesterinic acid, especially against Candida tropicalis. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value was established through microdilution techniques against four Candida species and out of four species tested, C. tropicalis showed a significant effect (MIC: 2 μg/ml). In the morphological interference assay, we observed the enhanced inhibition of hyphae when the cells were treated with protolichesterinic acid. Time-kill assay demonstrated that the maximum rate of killing was recorded between 2 and 6 h. C. tropicalis exposed to protolichesterinic acid exhibited an increased ROS production, which is one of the key factors of fungal death. The rise in ROS was due to the dysfunction of mitochondria caused by protolichesterinic acid. We confirmed that protolichesterinic acid-induced dysfunction of mitochondria in C. tropicalis. The damage of cell membrane due to protolichesterinic acid treatment was confirmed by the influx of propidium iodide and was further confirmed by the release of potassium ions. The treatment of protolichesterinic acid also triggered calcium ion signaling. Moreover, it commenced apoptosis which is clearly evidenced by Annexin V and propidium iodide staining. Interestingly protolichesterinic acid recorded excellent immunomodulatory property when tested against lymphocytes. Finally protolichesterinic acid showed low toxicity toward a normal human cell line Foreskin (FS) normal fibroblast. In in vivo test, protolichesterinic acid significantly enhanced the survival of C. tropicalis infected Caenorhabditis elegans. This investigation proposes that the protolichesterinic acid induces apoptosis in C. tropicalis via the enhanced accumulation of intracellular ROS and mitochondrial damage, which leads fungal cell death via apoptosis. Our work revealed a new key aspect of mechanisms of action of protolichesterinic acid in Candida species. This article is the first study on the antifungal and mechanism of action of protolichesterinic acid in Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Kumar
- Division of Crop Protection, Central Tuber Crops Research InstituteSreekariyam, India
| | - C Mohandas
- Division of Crop Protection, Central Tuber Crops Research InstituteSreekariyam, India
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2-Hydroxymelatonin, a Predominant Hydroxylated Melatonin Metabolite in Plants, Shows Antitumor Activity against Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030453. [PMID: 28335402 PMCID: PMC6155377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Hydroxymelatonin is a predominant hydroxylated melatonin metabolite in plants. To investigate whether it has potent cytotoxic effects on colorectal cancer cells, four colorectal cancer cell lines, Caco2, HCT116, DLD1, and CT26, were treated with 2-hydroxymelatonin and melatonin. 2-Hydroxymelatonin had a much lower IC50 value than melatonin in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cytotoxic effect of 2-hydroxymelatonin was much stronger than that of melatonin at high concentrations (1000 or 2000 μM) in HCT116, DLD1, and CT26 cells, but only at intermediate concentrations (250 or 500 μM) in Caco2 cells. The cytotoxicity of 2-hydroxymelatonin was induced through activation of the apoptotic signaling pathway, as confirmed by Hoechst staining and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide double labeling of cells treated with a lethal dose (1 mM). However, sub-lethal doses of 2-hydroxymelatonin inhibited the invasive ability of Caco2 cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were significantly regulated by 2-hydroxymelatonin. Overall, the anti-cancer activity of 2-hydroxymelatonin is more potent than that of melatonin. Taken together, 2-hydroxymelatonin exhibits potent anti-cancer activity against human colorectal cancer cells via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of EMT.
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Galanty A, Koczurkiewicz P, Wnuk D, Paw M, Karnas E, Podolak I, Węgrzyn M, Borusiewicz M, Madeja Z, Czyż J, Michalik M. Usnic acid and atranorin exert selective cytostatic and anti-invasive effects on human prostate and melanoma cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:161-169. [PMID: 28095330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Lichens are an interesting source of potential anti-tumor compounds, among which usnic acid and atranorin seem to be the most promising, but their impact on invasive potential of tumor cells has not yet been comprehensively addressed. The aim of the study was focused on the impact of the two lichen metabolites, on the viability (by Trypan blue test and fluoresceine diacetate and ethidium bromide assay), proliferation (cell counting in a Bürker's chamber), apoptosis (flow cytometry analysis and Western blot) and motile activity (cell movement recording and image analysis) and actin cytoskeleton organization (immunofluorescent staining) of melanoma HTB-140, prostate cancers DU-145 and PC-3, normal human skin fibroblasts and prostate epithelial PNT2 cells, with special emphasis to their selectivity and versatility. RESULTS Both compounds exerted strong inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation, migration and actin cytoskeleton organization, while their effect on apoptosis process was less relevant. The impact of usnic acid on the examined cancer cells was found more efficient in comparison to atranorin. Also, selective effect of both agents on tumor cells was observed. SIGNIFICANCE The ability of usnic acid and atranorin to inhibit cancer cells motility may have future implications for development of new therapeutic strategies targeted at the interference with the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Michał Węgrzyn
- Prof. Z. Czeppe Department of Polar Research and Documentation, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, 31-501 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Borusiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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DİNÇSOY AB, CANSARAN DUMAN D. Changes in apoptosis-related gene expression profiles in cancer cell lines exposed to usnic acid lichen secondary metabolite. Turk J Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1609-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Spatial Molecular Architecture of the Microbial Community of a Peltigera Lichen. mSystems 2016; 1:mSystems00139-16. [PMID: 28028548 PMCID: PMC5183598 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00139-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities have evolved over centuries to live symbiotically. The direct visualization of such communities at the chemical and functional level presents a challenge. Overcoming this challenge may allow one to visualize the spatial distributions of specific molecules involved in symbiosis and to define their functional roles in shaping the community structure. In this study, we examined the diversity of microbial genes and taxa and the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters by metagenomic sequencing and the compartmentalization of organic chemical components within a lichen using mass spectrometry. This approach allowed the identification of chemically distinct sections within this composite organism. Using our multipronged approach, various fungal natural products, not previously reported from lichens, were identified and two different fungal layers were visualized at the chemical level. Microbes are commonly studied as individual species, but they exist as mixed assemblages in nature. At present, we know very little about the spatial organization of the molecules, including natural products that are produced within these microbial networks. Lichens represent a particularly specialized type of symbiotic microbial assemblage in which the component microorganisms exist together. These composite microbial assemblages are typically comprised of several types of microorganisms representing phylogenetically diverse life forms, including fungi, photosymbionts, bacteria, and other microbes. Here, we employed matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) imaging mass spectrometry to characterize the distributions of small molecules within a Peltigera lichen. In order to probe how small molecules are organized and localized within the microbial consortium, analytes were annotated and assigned to their respective producer microorganisms using mass spectrometry-based molecular networking and metagenome sequencing. The spatial analysis of the molecules not only reveals an ordered layering of molecules within the lichen but also supports the compartmentalization of unique functions attributed to various layers. These functions include chemical defense (e.g., antibiotics), light-harvesting functions associated with the cyanobacterial outer layer (e.g., chlorophyll), energy transfer (e.g., sugars) surrounding the sun-exposed cyanobacterial layer, and carbohydrates that may serve a structural or storage function and are observed with higher intensities in the non-sun-exposed areas (e.g., complex carbohydrates). IMPORTANCE Microbial communities have evolved over centuries to live symbiotically. The direct visualization of such communities at the chemical and functional level presents a challenge. Overcoming this challenge may allow one to visualize the spatial distributions of specific molecules involved in symbiosis and to define their functional roles in shaping the community structure. In this study, we examined the diversity of microbial genes and taxa and the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters by metagenomic sequencing and the compartmentalization of organic chemical components within a lichen using mass spectrometry. This approach allowed the identification of chemically distinct sections within this composite organism. Using our multipronged approach, various fungal natural products, not previously reported from lichens, were identified and two different fungal layers were visualized at the chemical level.
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