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Goyal R, Wassie MM, Winter JM, Lathlean TJ, Young GP, Symonds EL. Progress in the field of noninvasive diagnostics for colorectal cancer: a systematic review for the accuracy of blood-based biomarkers for detection of advanced pre-cancerous lesions. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:1233-1250. [PMID: 38044883 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2290646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of pre-cancerous adenomas through screening can reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. Fecal immunochemical tests are commonly used, but have limited sensitivity for pre-cancerous lesions. Blood-based screening may improve test sensitivity. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of blood-based biomarkers for detection of advanced pre-cancerous lesions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We present the accuracy of blood-based biomarkers for the detection of advanced pre-cancerous lesions. EMBASE, Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched, with study populations limited to adults diagnosed with advanced pre-cancerous lesions at colonoscopy, who had a blood-based biomarker test analyzed with reports of sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS 69 studies were identified, which assessed 133 unique biomarkers sets. The best performing test was a panel of 6 miRNAs, with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 90% for advanced pre-cancerous lesions. Only 6 biomarkers demonstrated sensitivity ≥ 50% and specificity ≥ 90% for the detection of advanced pre-cancerous lesions. CONCLUSION Many different blood-based biomarkers have been assessed for detection of advanced pre-cancerous lesions, but few have progressed beyond the discovery stage. While some biomarkers have reported high sensitivity and specificity, larger prospective studies in unbiased intended-use screening populations are required for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Goyal
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Molla M Wassie
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Jean M Winter
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Timothy Jh Lathlean
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- ROSA Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institue, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Graeme P Young
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Erin L Symonds
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Gastroenterology Department, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
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2
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Zenner ML, Kirkpatrick B, Leonardo TR, Schlicht MJ, Saldana AC, Loitz C, Valyi-Nagy K, Maienschein-Cline M, Gann PH, Abern M, Nonn L. Prostate-derived circulating microRNAs add prognostic value to prostate cancer risk calculators. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.10.540236. [PMID: 37214878 PMCID: PMC10197676 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.10.540236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of malignancy-related deaths among American men. Active surveillance is a safe option for many men with less aggressive disease, yet definitively determining low-risk cancer is challenging with biopsy alone. Herein, we sought to identify prostate-derived microRNAs in patient sera and serum extracellular vesicles, and determine if those microRNAs improve upon the current clinical risk calculators for prostate cancer prognosis before and after biopsy. Prostate-derived intracellular and extracellular vesicle-contained microRNAs were identified by small RNA sequencing of prostate cancer patient explants and primary cells. Abundant microRNAs were included in a custom microRNA PCR panel that was queried in whole serum and serum extracellular vesicles from a diverse cohort of men diagnosed with prostate cancer. The levels of these circulating microRNAs significantly differed between indolent and aggressive disease and improved the area under the curve for pretreatment nomograms of prostate cancer disease risk. The microRNAs within the extracellular vesicles had improved prognostic value compared to the microRNAs in the whole serum. In summary, quantifying microRNAs circulating in extracellular vesicles is a clinically feasible assay that may provide additional information for assessing prostate cancer risk stratification.
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3
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Kupec T, Bleilevens A, Iborra S, Najjari L, Wittenborn J, Maurer J, Stickeler E. Stability of circulating microRNAs in serum. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268958. [PMID: 36044434 PMCID: PMC9432728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong body of evidence by several translational studies which demonstrate the potential of circulating miRNAs as a potential biomarker in oncology. However, recent reports documented varying stability of these small RNA molecules in serum samples. The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate the stability of miRNAs in serum in relation to food intake and sample storage. Serum miRNA expression levels of 16 different miRNAs from 8 healthy volunteers were quantified by real-time PCR. 4 samples from each donor were analysed—2 samples (fasting, in the morning and after food intake, at noon) were analysed within 24h and 2 samples (fasting and after food intake, at noon) were stored at -80°C for 14 days and subsequently analysed. Student´s t-test was used to determine significant differences. The detectability of the distinct miRNA as a surrogate for the stability of these small RNA molecules was slightly altered by the storage conditions, but only a miRNA 22-3p, out of the analysed 16 miRNAs, shows significant lower dCq expression (3.821 vs. 4.530; p<0,01) by qPCR dependent on storage conditions (-80°C vs. 4°C). However, miRNA levels were not affected by food intake. The difference between samples taken in the morning (fasting) and at noon (after a normal meal) did not show any significant differences. MiRNAs can be considered to be a relatively stable tool in laboratory diagnostics, but clearly every new assay needs thorough evaluation. The stability of miRNAs documented here in healthy volunteers shows their potential in the search for innovative biomarkers in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kupec
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Bleilevens
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Séverine Iborra
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laila Najjari
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Wittenborn
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Sehovic E, Urru S, Chiorino G, Doebler P. Meta-analysis of diagnostic cell-free circulating microRNAs for breast cancer detection. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:634. [PMID: 35681127 PMCID: PMC9178880 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women. Numerous studies explored cell-free circulating microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers of BC. As inconsistent and rarely intersecting microRNA panels have been reported thus far, we aim to evaluate the overall diagnostic performance as well as the sources of heterogeneity between studies. Methods Based on the search of three online search engines performed up to March 21st 2022, 56 eligible publications that investigated diagnostic circulating microRNAs by utilizing Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were obtained. Primary studies’ potential for bias was evaluated with the revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2). A bivariate generalized linear mixed-effects model was applied to obtain pooled sensitivity and specificity. A novel methodology was utilized in which the sample and study models’ characteristics were analysed to determine the potential preference of studies for sensitivity or specificity. Results Pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.85 [0.81—0.88] and 0.83 [0.79—0.87] were obtained, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed a significantly better performance of multiple (sensitivity: 0.90 [0.86—0.93]; specificity: 0.86 [0.80—0.90]) vs single (sensitivity: 0.82 [0.77—0.86], specificity: 0.83 [0.78—0.87]) microRNA panels and a comparable pooled diagnostic performance between studies using serum (sensitivity: 0.87 [0.81—0.91]; specificity: 0.83 [0.78—0.87]) and plasma (sensitivity: 0.83 [0.77—0.87]; specificity: 0.85 [0.78—0.91]) as specimen type. In addition, based on bivariate and univariate analyses, miRNA(s) based on endogenous normalizers tend to have a higher diagnostic performance than miRNA(s) based on exogenous ones. Moreover, a slight tendency of studies to prefer specificity over sensitivity was observed. Conclusions In this study the diagnostic ability of circulating microRNAs to diagnose BC was reaffirmed. Nonetheless, some subgroup analyses showed between-study heterogeneity. Finally, lack of standardization and of result reproducibility remain the biggest issues regarding the diagnostic application of circulating cell-free microRNAs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09698-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Sehovic
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900, Biella, Italy. .,Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10100, Turin, Italy.
| | - Sara Urru
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900, Biella, Italy.,Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Philipp Doebler
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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5
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Butz H. Circulating Noncoding RNAs in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors-Two Sides of the Same Coin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095122. [PMID: 35563510 PMCID: PMC9101693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are common intracranial neoplasms. While in case of hormone secreting tumors pituitary hormone measurements can be used for monitoring the disease, in non-functional tumors there is a need to discover non-invasive biomarkers. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are popular biomarker candidates due to their stability and tissue specificity. Among ncRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs have been investigated the most in pituitary tumor tissues and in circulation. However, it is still not known whether ncRNAs are originated from the pituitary, or whether they are casually involved in the pathophysiology. Additionally, there is strong diversity among different studies reporting ncRNAs in PitNET. Therefore, to provide an overview of the discrepancies between published studies and to uncover the reasons why despite encouraging experimental data application of ncRNAs in clinical routine has not yet taken hold, in this review available data are summarized on circulating ncRNAs in PitNET. The data on circulating miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs are organized according to different PitNET subtypes. Biological (physiological and pathophysiological) factors behind intra- and interindividual variability and technical aspects of detecting these markers, including preanalytical and analytical parameters, sample acquisition (venipuncture) and type, storage, nucleic acid extraction, quantification and normalization, which reveal the two sides of the same coin are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriett Butz
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Chand S, Gowen A, Savine M, Moore D, Clark A, Huynh W, Wu N, Odegaard K, Weyrich L, Bevins RA, Fox HS, Pendyala G, Yelamanchili SV. A comprehensive study to delineate the role of an extracellular vesicle-associated microRNA-29a in chronic methamphetamine use disorder. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12177. [PMID: 34913274 PMCID: PMC8674191 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which express a repertoire of cargo molecules (cf. proteins, microRNA, lipids, etc.), have been garnering a prominent role in the modulation of several cellular processes. Here, using both non-human primate and rodent model systems, we provide evidence that brain-derived EV (BDE) miRNA, miR-29a-3p (mir-29a), is significantly increased during chronic methamphetamine (MA) exposure. Further, miR-29a levels show significant increase both with drug-seeking and reinstatement in a rat MA self-administration model. We also show that EV-associated miR-29a is enriched in EV pool comprising of small EVs and exomeres and further plays a critical role in MA-induced inflammation and synaptodendritic damage. Furthermore, treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug ibudilast (AV411), which is known to reduce MA relapse, decreased the expression of miR-29a and subsequently attenuated inflammation and rescued synaptodendritic injury. Finally, using plasma from MUD subjects, we provide translational evidence that EV-miR29a could potentially serve as a biomarker to detect neuronal damage in humans diagnosed with MA use disorder (MUD). In summary, our work suggests that EV-associated miR-29a-3p plays a crucial role in MUD and might be used as a potential blood-based biomarker for detecting chronic inflammation and synaptic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chand
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Austin Gowen
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Mason Savine
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Dalia Moore
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Alexander Clark
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Wendy Huynh
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska–Lincoln (UNL)LincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Niming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Katherine Odegaard
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Rick A. Bevins
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska–Lincoln (UNL)LincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Howard S. Fox
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Gurudutt Pendyala
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Sowmya V. Yelamanchili
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
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7
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Myklebust MP, Thor A, Rosenlund B, Gjengstø P, Karlsdottir Á, Brydøy M, Bercea BS, Olsen C, Johnson I, Berg MI, Langberg CW, Andreassen KE, Kjellman A, Haugnes HS, Dahl O. Serum miR371 in testicular germ cell cancer before and after orchiectomy, assessed by digital-droplet PCR in a prospective study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15582. [PMID: 34341387 PMCID: PMC8329070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-371a-3p (miR371) has been suggested as a sensitive biomarker in testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC). We aimed to compare miR371 with the classical biomarkers α-fetoprotein (AFP) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ). Overall, 180 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study, with serum samples collected before and after orchiectomy. We compared the use of digital droplet PCR (RT-ddPCR) with the quantitative PCR used by others for detection of miR371. The novel RT-ddPCR protocol showed high performance in detection of miR371 in serum samples. In the study cohort, miR371 was measured using RT-ddPCR. MiR371 detected CS1 of the seminoma and the non-seminoma sub-types with a sensitivity of 87% and 89%, respectively. The total sensitivity was 89%. After orchiectomy, miR371 levels declined in 154 of 159 TGCC cases. The ratio of miR371 pre- and post-orchiectomy was 20.5 in CS1 compared to 6.5 in systemic disease. AFP and hCGβ had sensitivities of 52% and 51% in the non-seminomas. MiR371 is a sensitive marker that performs better than the classical markers in all sub-types and clinical stages. Especially for the seminomas CS1, the high sensitivity of miR371 in detecting TGCC cells may have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Pernille Myklebust
- Mohn Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anna Thor
- Department of Urology and CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikte Rosenlund
- Mohn Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peder Gjengstø
- Department of Urology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ása Karlsdottir
- Mohn Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Brydøy
- Mohn Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Christian Olsen
- Mohn Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ida Johnson
- Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathilde I Berg
- Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Anders Kjellman
- Department of Urology and CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hege S Haugnes
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UIT-The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Olav Dahl
- Mohn Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021, Bergen, Norway
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8
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LaBelle J, Bowser M, Brown A, Farnam L, Kho A, Li J, McGeachie M, Chase R, Piehl S, Allen K, Hobbs BD, Weiss ST, Hersh C, Tantisira K, Amr SS. Commercially Available Blocking Oligonucleotides Effectively Suppress Unwanted Hemolysis-Related miRNAs in a Large Whole-Blood RNA Cohort. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:671-682. [PMID: 33872788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
When sequencing small RNA libraries derived from whole blood, the most abundant microRNAs (miRs) detected are often miR-486-5p, miR-451a, and miR-92a-3p. These highly expressed erythropoietic miRs are released into the sample from red blood cell hemolysis. Next-generation sequencing of these unwanted miRs leads to a waste in sequencing cost and diminished detection of lowly expressed miRNAs, including many potential miRNA biomarkers. Previous work has developed a method to reduce targeted miRNAs using oligonucleotides that bind their target miRNA and prevent its ligation during library construction, although the extent to which oligonucleotides can be multiplexed and their effect on larger cohorts has not been thoroughly explored. We present a method for suppressing detection of three highly abundant heme miRs in a single multiplexed blocking oligonucleotide reaction. In a small paired-sample pilot (n = 8) and a large cohort of samples (n = 901), multiplexed oligos reduced detection of their target miRNAs by approximately 70%, allowing for an approximately 10-fold increase in reads mapping to nonheme miRs and increased detection of very lowly expressed miRs, with minimal off-target effects. By removing all three highly expressed erythropoietic miRNAs from next-generational sequencing libraries, this commercially available multiplexed blocking oligonucleotide method allows for greater detection of lowly expressed biomarkers, improving the efficacy, cost-efficiency, and sensitivity of biomarker studies and diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna LaBelle
- Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine, Partners Healthcare, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Bowser
- Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine, Partners Healthcare, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alison Brown
- Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine, Partners Healthcare, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Leanna Farnam
- School of Health Sciences, Lasell University, Auburndale, Massachusetts
| | - Alvin Kho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiang Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael McGeachie
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine, Partners Healthcare, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Craig Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sami S Amr
- Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine, Partners Healthcare, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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9
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Arrighetti N, Beretta GL. miRNAs as Therapeutic Tools and Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030380. [PMID: 33805590 PMCID: PMC7999286 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth cause of tumor-related deaths in man worldwide. Despite the considerable improvement in the clinical management of PCa, several limitations emerged both in the screening for early diagnosis and in the medical treatment. The use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening resulted in patients’ overtreatment and the standard therapy of patients suffering from locally advanced/metastatic tumors (e.g., radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy) showed time-limited efficacy with patients undergoing progression toward the lethal metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Although valuable alternative therapeutic options have been recently proposed (e.g., docetaxel, cabazitaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, and sipuleucel-T), mCRPC remains incurable. Based on this background, there is an urgent need to identify new and more accurate prostate-specific biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and prognosis and to develop innovative medical approaches to counteract mCRPC. In this context, microRNA (miRNAs) emerged as potential biomarkers in prostate tissues and biological fluids and appeared to be promising therapeutic targets/tools for cancer therapy. Here we overview the recent literature and summarize the achievements of using miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets/tools for fighting PCa.
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10
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A critical approach for successful use of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases: the case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:281-294. [PMID: 33656618 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that act as major regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. As the potential applications of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases have become more evident, many studies of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have focused on the systemic identification and quantification of miRNAs in biofluids and myocardial tissues. HCM is a hereditary cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the sarcomere. Despite overall improvements in survival, progression to heart failure, stroke, and sudden cardiac death remain prominent features of living with HCM. Several miRNAs have been shown to be promising biomarkers of HCM; however, there are many challenges to ensuring the validity, consistency, and reproducibility of these biomarkers for clinical use. In particular, miRNA testing may be limited by pre-analytical and analytical caveats, making our interpretation of results challenging. Such factors that may affect miRNA testing include sample type selection, hemolysis, platelet activation, and renal dysfunction. Therefore, researchers should be careful when developing appropriate standards for the design of miRNA profiling studies in order to ensure that all results provided are both accurate and reliable. In this review, we discuss the application of miRNAs as biomarkers for HCM.
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11
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Cheng Y, Kou W, Zhu D, Yu X, Zhu Y. Future Directions in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Disease Monitoring of Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Novel Non-Invasive Biomarkers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:811293. [PMID: 35178030 PMCID: PMC8844185 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.811293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with frequent metastatic spread and poor prognosis. The disease can occur at any age with unexpected biological behavior. Recent genome-wide studies of ACC have contributed to our understanding of the disease, but diagnosis of ACC remains a challenge, even for multidisciplinary expert teams. Patients with ACC are frequently diagnosed in advanced stages and have limited therapeutic options. Therefore, for earlier diagnosis and better clinical management of adrenocortical carcinoma, specific, sensitive, and minimal invasive markers are urgently needed. Over several decades, great efforts have been made in discovering novel and reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers including microRNAs, steroid profilings, circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNAs and radiomics. In this review, we will summarize these novel noninvasive biomarkers and analyze their values for diagnosis, predicting prognosis, and disease monitoring. Current problems and possible future application of these non-invasive biomarkers will also be discussed.
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12
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Rodriguez-Rius A, Martinez-Perez A, López S, Sabater-Lleal M, Souto JC, Soria JM. Expression of microRNAs in human platelet-poor plasma: analysis of the factors affecting their expression and association with proximal genetic variants. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1396-1406. [PMID: 32543954 PMCID: PMC7678917 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1783497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To translate circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) into the clinic, a deeper understanding of the factors affecting their expression is needed. In this study, we explored the features affecting the expression of miRNAs and their genetic regulation using the expression data of 103 miRNAs obtained by qPCR in the platelet-poor plasma of 104 subjects. The principal components (PCs) of the expression of the miRNAs were associated with technical and biological features (e.g., synthetic controls or sex) and with blood cell counts. Also, the associations with proximal genetics variants were analysed. We found that haemolysis marker (dCt hsa-miR-23a-3p-hsa-miR-451a) was correlated strongly (β = 0.84, p = 2.07x10-29) with the second PC, which explained 10.1% of the overall variability. Thus, we identified haemolysis as a source of variability for miRNA expression even in mild hemolyzed samples (haemolysis marker dCt <5). In addition to hsa-miR-23a-3p and hsa-miR-451a, the miRNAs most stable and most susceptible to haemolysis were identified. Then, we discovered that the expression of miRNAs in platelet-poor plasma was not biased by any blood cell count, and thus, our results supported their role as biomarkers of tissue-specific conditions. Finally, we identified 1,323 genetic variants that corresponded to 158 miRNA expression quantitative trait loci for 14 miRNAs (FDR <0.2), which were enriched in promoter regions (p = 0.03). This enrichment corresponded to a range of specific tissues (e.g., breast or fat) although not to blood tissue, supporting the concept that the expression of circulating miRNAs is under the genetic control of different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rodriguez-Rius
- Genomics of Complex Diseases Group, Research Institute of Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Martinez-Perez
- Genomics of Complex Diseases Group, Research Institute of Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia López
- Genomics of Complex Diseases Group, Research Institute of Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Genomics of Complex Diseases Group, Research Institute of Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Carlos Souto
- Unit of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Soria
- Genomics of Complex Diseases Group, Research Institute of Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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López AG, Brogaard L, Heegaard PMH, Cirera S, Skovgaard K. AU Content in the MicroRNA Sequence Influences its Stability after Heat Treatment. Microrna 2020; 8:216-222. [PMID: 30706831 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666190131102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and are involved in a multitude of cellular processes. MiRNAs are known to be very stable compared to messenger RNAs (mRNAs), making them excellent candidates as biomarkers for disease. Recently, studies have suggested that miRNA stability in formalin fixed samples might depend on their nucleotide composition. OBJECTIVE To explore the stability of a panel of miRNAs isolated from porcine blood and lung tissue after heat and enzyme treatment. METHOD Porcine RNA isolated from lung tissue and blood leukocytes was used for this study. RNA samples were exposed to heat treatment and RNAse A digestion. The levels of selected miRNAs were measured by means of qPCR before and after heat and enzyme treatment. RESULTS Fourteen miRNAs were successfully analysed, and they were found to degrade differently after exposure to heat or RNAse A. MiRNAs with <60% of adenine (A) and uracil (U) in their sequence were found to be more stable. CONCLUSION This is the first study showing that different miRNAs isolated from lung tissue display unequal stability after heat treatment, probably based on their nucleotide composition, highlighting the importance of considering the miRNA sequence when investigating their value as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Garcias López
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise Brogaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Sałat K. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: part 1-current state of knowledge and perspectives for pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:486-507. [PMID: 32394362 PMCID: PMC7329796 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the increasing knowledge of the etiology of neuropathic pain, this type of chronic pain is resistant to available analgesics in approximately 50% of patients and therefore is continuously a subject of considerable interest for physiologists, neurologists, medicinal chemists, pharmacologists and others searching for more effective treatment options for this debilitating condition. Materials and methods The present review article is the first of the two articles focused on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Results CIPN is regarded as one of the most common drug-induced neuropathies and is highly pharmacoresistant. The lack of efficacious pharmacological methods for treating CIPN and preventing its development makes CIPN-related neuropathic pain a serious therapeutic gap in current medicine and pharmacotherapy. In this paper, the most recent advances in the field of studies on CIPN caused by platinum compounds (namely oxaliplatin and cisplatin), taxanes, vinca alkaloids and bortezomib are summarized. Conclusions The prevalence of CIPN, potential causes, risk factors, symptoms and molecular mechanisms underlying this pharmacoresistant condition are discussed. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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15
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Lech Pedersen N, Mertz Petersen M, Ladd JJ, Lampe PD, Bresalier RS, Davis GJ, Demuth C, Jensen SØ, Andersen CL, Ferm L, Christensen IJ, Nielsen HJ. Development of blood-based biomarker tests for early detection of colorectal neoplasia: Influence of blood collection timing and handling procedures. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:39-53. [PMID: 32272156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood-based, cancer-associated biomarkers are susceptible to a variety of well-known preanalytical factors. The influence of bowel preparation before a diagnostic colonoscopy on biomarker levels is, however, poorly investigated. The present study assessed the influence of bowel preparation on colorectal cancer-associated biomarkers. In addition, the effect of single versus double centrifugation of plasma biomarkers was assessed. METHODS Blood samples were collected pre- and post-bowel preparation from 125 subjects scheduled for first time diagnostic colonoscopy due to symptoms attributable to CRC. The samples were separated into serum and EDTA plasma, and analyzed by four independent collaborators for: 1) the proteins AFP, CA19-9, CEA, hs-CRP, CyFra21-1, Ferritin, Galectin-3 and TIMP-1, 2) the proteins BAG4, IL6ST, vWF, CD44 and EGFR, 3) the glycoprotein Galectin-3 ligand, and 4) cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Statistical analysis of biomarker data has been performed using mixed modelling, including repeated measures. RESULTS The biomarkers generally showed negligible variation between pre- and post-bowel preparation except for CyFra21-1, Ferritin, BAG4 and cfDNA. CyFra21-1 levels were systematically reduced with 29% (95% CI 21-36%) by bowel preparation (p ≤ 0.0001). Ferritin was not significantly different between pre- and post-bowel preparation (p = 0.07), however the estimated difference (increase) was 18%. BAG4 was systematically reduced by 12% (95% CI 1-22%, p = 0.04), while cfDNA showed a significant increase of 28% (95% CI 17-39%, p < 0.0001). Double centrifugation compared to single centrifugation showed reduced vWF (ratio 0.86, p ≤ 0.0001) and CD44 (ratio 0.85, p = 0.016), but increased IL6ST levels (ratio 1.18, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study demonstrated systematic, statistically significant differences between pre-bowel and post-bowel preparation levels for three independent blood-based biomarkers (BAG4, CyFra21-1, cfDNA), illustrating the importance of timing of sample collection for biomarker analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lech Pedersen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Mathias Mertz Petersen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark. http://www.colorectalcancer.dk
| | - Jon J Ladd
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gerard J Davis
- Abbott Laboratories Inc., Cancer Core R&D, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Christina Demuth
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Sarah Ø Jensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Claus L Andersen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Linnea Ferm
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ib J Christensen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hans J Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Decmann A, Perge P, Turai PI, Patócs A, Igaz P. Non-Coding RNAs in Adrenocortical Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020461. [PMID: 32079166 PMCID: PMC7072220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNA molecules including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several tumors and numerous data support their applicability in diagnosis as well. Despite recent advances, the pathogenesis of adrenocortical cancer still remains elusive and there are no reliable blood-borne markers of adrenocortical malignancy, either. Several findings show the potential applicability of microRNAs as biomarkers of malignancy and prognosis, and there are some data on lncRNA as well. In this review, we present a synopsis on the potential relevance of non-coding RNA molecules in adrenocortical pathogenesis and their applicability in diagnosis from tissue and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Decmann
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.); (P.P.); (P.I.T.)
| | - Pál Perge
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.); (P.P.); (P.I.T.)
| | - Peter Istvan Turai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.); (P.P.); (P.I.T.)
| | - Attila Patócs
- MTA-SE Lendület Hereditary Endocrine Tumors Research Group, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Igaz
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.); (P.P.); (P.I.T.)
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-1-266-0816
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Banerjee J, Roy S, Dhas Y, Mishra N. Senescence-associated miR-34a and miR-126 in middle-aged Indians with type 2 diabetes. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:149-158. [PMID: 31732824 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization and unhealthy dietary patterns critically increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in middle-aged Indians. However, despite recent evidence of senescence-associated microRNAs (SA-miRNAs) in regulating complex pathways of ageing, their expressions in middle-aged Indians with T2D remain unexplored. Hence we aimed to investigate the changes in expressions of SA-miRNAs miR-34a and miR-126 in middle-aged T2D patients. A total of 30 T2D patients and 30 controls were recruited of age 31-50 years. The expressions of plasma miR-34a and miR-126 were determined by quantitative PCR. Oxidized LDL (OxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of different glucose concentrations on miR-34a, miR-126, senescence-associated, and oxidative stress-responsive genes were also studied in an in vitro model of mice pancreatic β-cells. MiR-34a was significantly upregulated, whereas miR-126 was nonsignificantly reduced in T2D patients as compared to controls. T2D patients showed elevated levels of oxidative stress markers than controls. Analysis of cultured mice pancreatic β-cells exposed to high glucose showed significant upregulation of miR-34a, miR-126, p53, and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). We found that circulating miR-34a levels and oxidative stress markers levels were elevated in the middle-aged Indians with T2D as compared to controls. The presence of diabetes may aggravate the normal ageing process in the middle-aged Indians. These SA-miRNAs can also be used to check the cellular dysfunctions and ageing of pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Banerjee
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (Formerly Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, 412115, India
| | - Swagata Roy
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (Formerly Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, 412115, India
| | - Yogita Dhas
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (Formerly Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, 412115, India
| | - Neetu Mishra
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (Formerly Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, 412115, India.
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Chao CT, Yuan TH, Yeh HY, Chen HY, Huang JW, Chen HW. Risk Factors Associated With Altered Circulating Micro RNA -125b and Their Influences on Uremic Vascular Calcification Among Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e010805. [PMID: 30646802 PMCID: PMC6497364 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNA‐125b (miR‐125b) has been shown to regulate vascular calcification (VC), and serum miR‐125b levels are a potential biomarker for estimating the risk of uremic VC status. However, it is unknown whether clinical features, including chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorder molecules, affect serum miR‐125b levels. Methods and Results Patients receiving chronic dialysis for ≥3 months were recruited from different institutes. Serum miR‐125b and chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorder effectors, including intact parathyroid hormone, 25‐OH‐D, fibroblast growth factor‐23, osteoprotegerin, and fetuin‐A, were quantified. We used multivariate regression analyses to identify factors associated with low serum miR‐125b levels and an area under receiver operating characteristic curve curve to derive optimal cutoffs for factors exhibiting close associations. Further regression analyses evaluated the influence of miR‐125b on VC risk. Among 223 patients receiving chronic dialysis (mean age, 67.3 years; mean years of dialysis, 5.2), 54 (24.2%) had high serum miR‐125b levels. Osteoprotegerin (P=0.013), fibroblast growth factor‐23 (P=0.006), and fetuin‐A (P=0.036) were linearly associated with serum miR‐125b levels. High osteoprotegerin levels independently correlated with high serum miR‐125 levels. Adding serum miR‐125b levels and serum osteoprotegerin levels (≥400 pg/mL) into models estimating the risk of uremic VC increased the area under receiver operating characteristic curve values (for models without miR‐125b/osteoprotegerin, with miR‐125b, and both: 0.74, 0.79, and 0.81, respectively). Conclusions Serum osteoprotegerin levels ≥400 pg/mL and serum miR‐125b levels synergistically increased the accuracy of estimating VC risk among patients receiving chronic dialysis. Taking miR‐125b and osteoprotegerin levels into consideration when estimating VC risk may be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ter Chao
- 1 Department of Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch Taipei Taiwan.,2 Nephrology Division Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,3 Department of Geriatric and Community Medicine Research Center National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu branch Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hang Yuan
- 4 Graduate Institute of Toxicology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Yeh
- 5 School of Big Data Management Soochow University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- 6 Institute of Statistical Science Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Wen Huang
- 2 Nephrology Division Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- 4 Graduate Institute of Toxicology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Early Colorectal Cancer-A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010052. [PMID: 31878015 PMCID: PMC7016718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the developed world, with global deaths expected to double in the next decade. Disease stage at diagnosis is the single greatest prognostic indicator for long-term survival. Unfortunately, early stage CRC is often asymptomatic and diagnosis frequently occurs at an advanced stage, where long-term survival can be as low as 14%. Circulating microRNAs encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently come to prominence as novel diagnostic markers for cancer. EV-miRNAs are dysregulated in the circulation of CRC patients compared to healthy controls, and several specific miRNA candidates have been posited as diagnostic markers, including miR-21, miR-23a, miR-1246, and miR-92a. This review outlines the current landscape of EV-miRNAs as potential diagnostic markers for CRC, with a specific focus on those able to detect early stage disease.
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Biró O, Hajas O, Nagy-Baló E, Soltész B, Csanádi Z, Nagy B. Relationship between cardiovascular diseases and circulating cell-free nucleic acids in human plasma. Biomark Med 2018; 12:891-905. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis could improve the efficiency of treatments. New biomarkers are needed for the identification of high-risk populations in order to make accurate diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Circulating cell-free nucleic acids (cf-NAs) offer a promising new noninvasive tool. These have a role in the regulation of normal physiological functions and in the development of pathological alterations. There is extended research on the clinical application and utilization of cell-free genomic DNA, mtDNA, mRNA, miRNA and long noncoding RNA in CVDs. These molecules could serve as components of new generation therapeutics. Our review focuses on the role of cf-NAs in the pathogenesis of CVDs and we are discussing also possible diagnostic applications and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Biró
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Hajas
- Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edina Nagy-Baló
- Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Soltész
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Csanádi
- Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Pitkänen A, Ekolle Ndode-Ekane X, Lapinlampi N, Puhakka N. Epilepsy biomarkers - Toward etiology and pathology specificity. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 123:42-58. [PMID: 29782966 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A biomarker is a characteristic that is measured as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or responses to an exposure or intervention, including therapeutic interventions. Biomarker modalities include molecular, histologic, radiographic, or physiologic characteristics. In 2015, the FDA-NIH Joint Leadership Council developed the BEST Resource (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) to improve the understanding and use of biomarker terminology in biomedical research, clinical practice, and medical product development. The BEST biomarker categories include: (a) susceptibility/risk biomarkers, (b) diagnostic biomarkers, (c) monitoring biomarkers, (d) prognostic biomarkers, (e) predictive biomarkers, (f) pharmacodynamic/response biomarkers, and (g) safety biomarkers. Here we review 30 epilepsy biomarker studies that have identified (a) diagnostic biomarkers for epilepsy, epileptogenesis, epileptogenicity, drug-refractoriness, and status epilepticus - some of the epileptogenesis and epileptogenicity biomarkers can also be considered prognostic biomarkers for the development of epilepsy in subjects with a given brain insult, (b) predictive biomarkers for epilepsy surgery outcome, and (c) a response biomarker for therapy outcome. The biomarker modalities include plasma/serum/exosomal and cerebrospinal fluid molecular biomarkers, brain tissue molecular biomarkers, imaging biomarkers, electrophysiologic biomarkers, and behavioral/cognitive biomarkers. Both single and combinatory biomarkers have been described. Most of the reviewed biomarkers have an area under the curve >0.800 in receiver operating characteristics analysis, suggesting high sensitivity and specificity. As discussed in this review, we are in the early phase of the learning curve in epilepsy biomarker discovery. Many of the seven biomarker categories lack epilepsy-related biomarkers. There is a need for epilepsy biomarker discovery using proper, statistically powered study designs with validation cohorts, and the development and use of novel analytical methods. A strategic roadmap to discuss the research priorities in epilepsy biomarker discovery, regulatory issues, and optimization of the use of resources, similar to those devised in the cancer and Alzheimer's disease research areas, is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asla Pitkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Xavier Ekolle Ndode-Ekane
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Lapinlampi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Detection of Serum microRNAs From Department of Defense Serum Repository: Correlation With Cotinine, Cytokine, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 58:S62-71. [PMID: 27501106 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum samples from the Department of Defense Serum Repository (DoDSR) are of sufficient quality to detect microRNAs (miRNAs), cytokines, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). METHODS MiRNAs were isolated and quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array. Cytokines and chemokines related to inflammation were measured using multiplex immunoassays. Cotinine and IgE were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and PAHs were detected by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. RESULTS We detected miRNAs, cytokines, IgE, and PAHs with high sensitivity. Eleven of 30 samples tested positive for cotinine suggesting tobacco exposure. Significant associations between serum cotinine, cytokine, IgE, PAHs, and miRNA were discovered. CONCLUSION We successfully quantified over 200 potential biomarkers of occupational exposure from DoDSR samples. The stored serum samples were not affected by hemolysis and represent a powerful tool for biomarker discovery and analysis in retrospective studies.
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Elevated Serum miR-7, miR-9, miR-122, and miR-141 Are Noninvasive Biomarkers of Acute Pancreatitis. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:7293459. [PMID: 29332987 PMCID: PMC5733206 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7293459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background It has been reported that several microRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-141, miR-9, and miR-122, are involved in the regulation of pancreatitis-related proteins or that their levels change in acute pancreatitis (AP) animal models. However, the serum levels, as well as the clinical diagnostic and prognostic values, of these miRNAs in AP patients remain unclear. Furthermore, as a pancreas- (islet) enriched miRNA, miR-7 was reported to be downregulated in AP patients, which requires further verification. Methods The levels of miR-7, miR-9, miR-122, and miR-141 were examined and compared using qRT-PCR among 80 severe AP patients, 80 mild AP patients, and 74 healthy controls. Results The serum levels of these four miRNAs were increased markedly in the AP patients compared with the controls, and these levels decreased significantly after effective therapy. Particularly, the level of miR-7 was higher in severe AP patients than in mild AP patients. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that four miRNAs could be used as potential biomarkers for AP. Moreover, these miRNAs showed strong positive correlations with CRP, which may be associated with inflammation. Conclusions The serum miR-7, miR-9, miR-122, and miR-141 levels were increased in AP patients. These 4 miRNAs may represent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for AP.
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Sun Y, Liu Y, Cogdell D, Calin GA, Sun B, Kopetz S, Hamilton SR, Zhang W. Examining plasma microRNA markers for colorectal cancer at different stages. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11434-49. [PMID: 26863633 PMCID: PMC4905484 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers; however, few miRNAs have been reproducible and can be used in clinical practice. In this study, we screened the levels of 754 miRNAs using TaqMan array in 50 individual plasma samples from 10 demographically matched healthy controls and 40 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (10 each of stage I-IV) and identified 22 miRNAs associated with the presence of and stages of CRC. Then we performed the validation for 11 miRNAs in an independent cohort including 187 CRC cases and 47 healthy controls. Comprehensive analyses showed that plasma miR-96 distinguished stage I-IV CRC from healthy controls with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.740; miR-203 separated stage III-IV CRC patients from stage I-II with an AUC of 0.757; and miR-141 differentiated stage IV CRC from stage I-III patients with an AUC of 0.851. Survival analyses showed that plasma miR-96 and miR-200b were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Thus, we propose four miRNAs (miR-96, miR-203, miR-141 and miR-200b) as clinically validated circulating biomarkers for CRC prognosis that warrant further evaluation for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yuexin Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Cogdell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stanley R Hamilton
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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25
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Moretti F, D’Antona P, Finardi E, Barbetta M, Dominioni L, Poli A, Gini E, Noonan DM, Imperatori A, Rotolo N, Cattoni M, Campomenosi P. Systematic review and critique of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94980-94996. [PMID: 29212284 PMCID: PMC5706930 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selected circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested for non-invasive screening of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however the numerous proposed miRNA signatures are inconsistent. Aiming to identify miRNAs suitable specifically for stage I-II NSCLC screening in serum/plasma samples, we searched the databases "Pubmed", "Medline", "Scopus", "Embase" and "WOS" and systematically reviewed the publications reporting quantitative data on the efficacy [sensitivity, specificity and/or area under the curve (AUC)] of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of NSCLC stage I and/or II. The 20 studies fulfilling the search criteria included 1110 NSCLC patients and 1009 controls, and were of medium quality according to Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies checklist. In these studies, the patient cohorts as well as the control groups were heterogeneous for demographics and clinicopathological characteristics; moreover, numerous pre-analytical and analytical variables likely influenced miRNA determinations, and potential bias of hemolysis was often underestimated. We identified four circulating miRNAs scarcely influenced by hemolysis, each featuring high sensitivity (> 80%) and AUC (> 0.80) as biomarkers of stage I-II NSCLC: miR-223, miR-20a, miR-448 and miR-145; four other miRNAs showed high specificity (> 90%): miR-628-3p, miR-29c, miR-210 and miR-1244. In a model of two-step screening for stage I-II NSCLC using first the above panel of serum miRNAs with high sensitivity and high AUC, and subsequently the panel with high specificity, the estimated overall sensitivity is 91.6% and overall specificity is 93.4%. These and other circulating miRNAs suggested for stage I-II NSCLC screening require validation in multiple independent studies before they can be proposed for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Moretti
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola D’Antona
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Emanuele Finardi
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Barbetta
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominioni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, DMS, Center for Thoracic Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Albino Poli
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Douglas M. Noonan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Imperatori
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, DMS, Center for Thoracic Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nicola Rotolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, DMS, Center for Thoracic Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Cattoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, DMS, Center for Thoracic Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paola Campomenosi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- The Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Biotecnologie Proteiche, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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26
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Baldassarre A, Felli C, Prantera G, Masotti A. Circulating microRNAs and Bioinformatics Tools to Discover Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers of Pediatric Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8090234. [PMID: 28925938 PMCID: PMC5615367 DOI: 10.3390/genes8090234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Current studies have shown that miRNAs are also present in extracellular spaces, packaged into various membrane-bound vesicles, or associated with RNA-binding proteins. Circulating miRNAs are highly stable and can act as intercellular messengers to affect many physiological processes. MicroRNAs circulating in body fluids have generated strong interest in their potential use as clinical biomarkers. In fact, their remarkable stability and the relative ease of detection make circulating miRNAs ideal tools for rapid and non-invasive diagnosis. This review summarizes recent insights about the origin, functions and diagnostic potential of extracellular miRNAs by especially focusing on pediatric diseases in order to explore the feasibility of alternative sampling sources for the development of non-invasive pediatric diagnostics. We will also discuss specific bioinformatics tools and databases for circulating miRNAs focused on the identification and discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers of pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Felli
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Prantera
- Department of Ecology and Biology, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Ntelios D, Meditskou S, Efthimiadis G, Pitsis A, Nikolakaki E, Girtovitis F, Parcharidou D, Zegkos T, Kouidou S, Karvounis H, Tzimagiorgis G. Elevated plasma levels of miR-29a are associated with hemolysis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 471:321-326. [PMID: 28684219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-29a is a small non-coding RNA that is known to repress collagen synthesis. Interestingly, elevated plasma miR-29a was reported to correlate with pronounced myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The objective of this study was to elucidate the origin of plasma miR-29a, and evaluate its significance as a biomarker. METHODS miR-29a expression was evaluated in plasma (n=50) and myocardial samples (n=4) from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using RT-qPCR. RESULTS Although miR-29a was highly expressed in the myocardium, miR-29a plasma levels did not show any correlation with serum troponin I levels (rs=-0.12, p=0.43), and the heart does not release significant amounts of miR-29a into the circulation via exosome secretion. Conversely, miR-29a was present in red blood cells, and plasma levels correlated significantly with markers of hemolysis: lactic dehydrogenase (rs=0.36, p=0.01) and the absorbance of oxyhemoglobin at 414nm (rs=0.39, p=0.006). Furthermore, the association between serum haptoglobin and the maximal blood flow velocity in the left ventricle outflow tract (rs=-0.42, p=0.008) indicated that intravascular hemolysis is a manifestation of the disease. CONCLUSIONS miR-29a is highly expressed in myocardial tissue from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In contrast, plasma miR-29a is primarily of nonmyocardial origin and is correlated significantly with the extent of hemolysis observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Ntelios
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Efthimiadis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Nikolakaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Despoina Parcharidou
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Zegkos
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Kouidou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Haralampos Karvounis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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28
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Aiso T, Takigami S, Yamaki A, Ohnishi H. Degradation of serum microRNAs during transient storage of serum samples at 4℃. Ann Clin Biochem 2017; 55:178-180. [DOI: 10.1177/0004563217704233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Numerous studies demonstrate the potential of circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for several diseases. Circulating microRNAs are much more stable than mRNAs and remain largely intact even after prolonged incubation at room temperature. However, recent reports show that microRNAs in serum or plasma samples have diverse stabilities. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the stabilities of miR-92a, miR-122 and miR-145 in serum during transient storage at 4℃ before freezing. Methods Serum samples were stored for 24 h at 4℃, and then RNA was extracted from whole serum or extracellular vesicles in serum. Total Exosome Isolation Reagent (from serum) was used for the fractionation of extracellular vesicles. Reverse transcription and real-time PCR of microRNAs were performed using the TaqMan MicroRNA Assays for miR-92a, miR-122 and miR-145. Results MiR-122 and miR-145 were degraded rapidly in serum; the concentrations dropped to 35.9% ( P < 0.001) and 29.3% ( P < 0.0001), respectively. These microRNAs in extracellular vesicles exhibited similar instability; the concentrations were 52.2% ( P < 0.05) and 56.5% ( P < 0.01), respectively. On the other hand, no significant degradation of miR-92a was observed (whole serum: P = 0.052, extracellular vesicles: P = 0.196). Conclusions MiR-122 and miR-145 in serum are extremely unstable and could be degraded during transient storage of serum at 4℃ prior to freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiko Aiso
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Takigami
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yan L, Qiu J, Yao J. Downregulation of microRNA-30d promotes cell proliferation and invasion by targeting LRH-1 in colorectal carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1371-1380. [PMID: 28440426 PMCID: PMC5428944 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of miR-30d has been reported in several types of human malignancies. However, its biological function in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified that miR-30d was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues compared to that observed in normal controls as detected by RT-qPCR analysis. Downregulation of miR-30d was significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological parameters including tumor differentiation, invasive depth, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis. Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that overexpression of miR-30d significantly inhibited cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, suppressed cell migration and invasion, induced cell apoptosis in vitro, and decreased tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1) is a direct target of miR-30d in CRC cells. Rescue assay showed that LRH-1 overexpression could restore the inhibitory effect of miR-30d on CRC cells. In addition, miR-30d overexpression suppressed the activation of key components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1, which contributed to the inhibition of CRC development. Thus, our findings suggest that miR-30d functions as a tumor suppressor against CRC development and miR-30d/LRH-1/Wnt signaling may be novel potential targets for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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30
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Zhao Z, Fan X, Jiang L, Xu Z, Xue L, Zhan Q, Song Y. miR-503-3p promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in breast cancer by directly targeting SMAD2 and E-cadherin. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Eisenberg I, Nahmias N, Novoselsky Persky M, Greenfield C, Goldman-Wohl D, Hurwitz A, Haimov-Kochman R, Yagel S, Imbar T. Elevated circulating micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA)-200b and miRNA-429 levels in anovulatory women. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:269-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Pizzamiglio S, Zanutto S, Ciniselli CM, Belfiore A, Bottelli S, Gariboldi M, Verderio P. A methodological procedure for evaluating the impact of hemolysis on circulating microRNAs. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:315-320. [PMID: 28123561 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising non-invasive biomarkers whose expression may be affected by confounding factors, including hemolysis, that should be considered in studies of miRNA discovery. The present study proposes a methodology for evaluating the impact of hemolysis on the expression of miRNAs. An experiment of in vitro controlled hemolysis was designed for assessing if changes in the expression of eight miRNAs observed to be circulating in plasma may be associated with hemolysis, and also to estimate the level of red blood cell (RBC) contamination in plasma samples where the expression of these miRNAs will be measured. It was confirmed that four miRNAs, miR-16, miR-92a, miR-451 and miR-486, known to be present in blood cells, were influenced by contamination of RBCs. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that miR-378 and miR-30c are hemolysis-independent and that the expression of miR-320 and miR-324-3p was associated with the level of RBC contamination. This procedure is proposed as a tool for the evaluation of the influence of hemolysis on candidate circulating miRNA biomarkers prior to their analysis in plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pizzamiglio
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Scientific Institutes for Research and Treatment Foundation 'National Cancer Institute', I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Zanutto
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Scientific Institutes for Research and Treatment Foundation 'National Cancer Institute', I-20133 Milan, Italy; Molecular Genetics of Cancer Group, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, I-20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara M Ciniselli
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Scientific Institutes for Research and Treatment Foundation 'National Cancer Institute', I-20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Scientific Institutes for Research and Treatment Foundation 'National Cancer Institute', I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bottelli
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Scientific Institutes for Research and Treatment Foundation 'National Cancer Institute', I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Gariboldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Scientific Institutes for Research and Treatment Foundation 'National Cancer Institute', I-20133 Milan, Italy; Molecular Genetics of Cancer Group, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, I-20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Scientific Institutes for Research and Treatment Foundation 'National Cancer Institute', I-20133 Milan, Italy
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Ostenfeld MS, Jensen SG, Jeppesen DK, Christensen LL, Thorsen SB, Stenvang J, Hvam ML, Thomsen A, Mouritzen P, Rasmussen MH, Nielsen HJ, Ørntoft TF, Andersen CL. miRNA profiling of circulating EpCAM(+) extracellular vesicles: promising biomarkers of colorectal cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2016; 5:31488. [PMID: 27576678 PMCID: PMC5005366 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v5.31488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells secrete small membranous extracellular vesicles (EVs) into their microenvironment and circulation. These contain biomolecules, including proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs). Both circulating EVs and miRNAs have received much attention as biomarker candidates for non-invasive diagnostics. Here we describe a sensitive analytical method for isolation and subsequent miRNA profiling of epithelial-derived EVs from blood samples of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The epithelial-derived EVs were isolated by immunoaffinity-capture using the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) as marker. This approach mitigates some of the specificity issues observed in earlier studies of circulating miRNAs, in particular the negative influence of miRNAs released by erythrocytes, platelets and non-epithelial cells. By applying this method to 2 small-scale patient cohorts, we showed that blood plasma isolated from CRC patients prior to surgery contained elevated levels of 13 EpCAM+-EV miRNAs compared with healthy individuals. Upon surgical tumour removal, the plasma levels of 8 of these were reduced (miR-16-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR-30c-5p and miR-222-3p). These findings indicate that the miRNAs are of tumour origin and may have potential as non-invasive biomarkers for detection of CRC. This work describes a non-invasive blood-based method for sensitive detection of cancer with potential for clinical use in relation to diagnosis and screening. We used the method to study CRC; however, it is not restricted to this disease. It may in principle be used to study any cancer that release epithelial-derived EVs into circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Grann Jensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Stine Buch Thorsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Stenvang
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Lykke Hvam
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Hans Jørgen Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology 360, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Torben Falck Ørntoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Harrill AH, McCullough SD, Wood CE, Kahle JJ, Chorley BN. MicroRNA Biomarkers of Toxicity in Biological Matrices. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:264-72. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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35
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Dong TT, Yu Q, Qing XR, Ma XL, Dong WW, Shi J, Li HG. Potential confounding factors in measurement of specific cell-free seminal mRNAs and microRNAs derived from human reproductive organs. Andrology 2016; 4:1010-1019. [PMID: 27368750 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free seminal RNA (cfs-RNA) is mixed transcripts derived from male reproductive organs, and is potential biomarker for the research and diagnosis of male reproductive-related diseases. However, some clinical factors, including age, asymptomatic Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection, scrotal heat stress, abstinence period, and the storage condition of semen samples, may interfere with sperm parameters and the measurement of seminal biomarkers. Accordingly, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of above clinical factors on the measurement of cfs-RNA, aiming to lay a foundation for its research use and potential clinical application. Semen samples were collected according to the selected clinical factors. Cell-free seminal plasma was obtained by centrifugation and total RNA was extracted with TRIzol LS. Selective male reproductive organ-specific cfs-mRNAs and cfs-miRNAs were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. The concentration and total amount of cfs-mRNAs and cfs-miRNAs in one ejaculate were calculated and compared. ACTB, DDX4 (testis-specific), WFDC9 (epididymis-specific), and miR-514a-3p (testis-specific) significantly increased after scrotal heat stress. SEMG1 (seminal vesicle-specific) showed declining tendency with the prolonged abstinence period. Age, asymptomatic UU infection, and the storage condition showed no significant impact on the measurement of cfs-RNA. These results indicate that scrotal heat stress significantly interfere with the selected cfs-RNA derived from the testis and epididymis, and abstinence period may affect the yield of cfs-mRNA from seminal vesicle, while other clinical factors has no significant impact on the measurement. Thus, heat exposure and abstinence period should be considered for the cfs-RNA measurement in its research or clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Dong
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Q Yu
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X R Qing
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X L Ma
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - W W Dong
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Shi
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H G Li
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Endzeliņš E, Melne V, Kalniņa Z, Lietuvietis V, Riekstiņa U, Llorente A, Linē A. Diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value of cell-free miRNAs in prostate cancer: a systematic review. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:41. [PMID: 27189160 PMCID: PMC4870749 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in males worldwide, is estimated to be diagnosed in 1.1 million men per year. Introduction of PSA testing substantially improved early detection of prostate cancer, however it also led to overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment of patients with an indolent disease. Treatment outcome and management of prostate cancer could be improved by the development of non-invasive biomarker assays that aid in increasing the sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer screening, help to distinguish aggressive from indolent disease and guide therapeutic decisions. Prostate cancer cells release miRNAs into the bloodstream, where they exist incorporated into ribonucleoprotein complexes or extracellular vesicles. Later, cell-free miRNAs have been found in various other biofluids. The initial RNA sequencing studies suggested that most of the circulating cell-free miRNAs in healthy individuals are derived from blood cells, while specific disease-associated miRNA signatures may appear in the circulation of patients affected with various diseases, including cancer. This raised a hope that cell-free miRNAs may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer. Indeed, a number of cell-free miRNAs that potentially may serve as diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarkers have been discovered in blood or other biofluids of prostate cancer patients and need to be validated in appropriately designed longitudinal studies and clinical trials. In this review, we systematically summarise studies investigating cell-free miRNAs in biofluids of prostate cancer patients and discuss the utility of the identified biomarkers in various clinical scenarios. Furthermore, we discuss the possible mechanisms of miRNA release into biofluids and outline the biological questions and technical challenges that have arisen from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgars Endzeliņš
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vita Melne
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia.,Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Str 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Zane Kalniņa
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vilnis Lietuvietis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia.,Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Str 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Una Riekstiņa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina blvd., Riga, LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aija Linē
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia.
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A pipeline to quantify serum and cerebrospinal fluid microRNAs for diagnosis and detection of relapse in paediatric malignant germ-cell tumours. Br J Cancer 2015; 114:151-62. [PMID: 26671749 PMCID: PMC4815809 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The current biomarkers alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin have limited sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malignant germ-cell tumours (GCTs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) from the miR–371–373 and miR–302/367 clusters are overexpressed in all malignant GCTs, and some of these miRNAs show elevated serum levels at diagnosis. Here, we developed a robust technical pipeline to quantify these miRNAs in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The pipeline was used in samples from a cohort of exclusively paediatric patients with gonadal and extragonadal malignant GCTs, compared with appropriate tumour and non-tumour control groups. Methods: We developed a method for miRNA quantification that enabled sample adequacy assessment and reliable data normalisation. We performed qRT–PCR profiling for miR–371–373 and miR–302/367 cluster miRNAs in a total of 45 serum and CSF samples, obtained from 25 paediatric patients. Results: The exogenous non-human spike-in cel–miR–39–3p and the endogenous housekeeper miR–30b–5p were optimal for obtaining robust serum and CSF qRT–PCR quantification. A four-serum miRNA panel (miR–371a–3p, miR–372–3p, miR–373–3p and miR–367–3p): (i) showed high sensitivity/specificity for diagnosing paediatric extracranial malignant GCT; (ii) allowed early detection of relapse of a testicular mixed malignant GCT; and (iii) distinguished intracranial malignant GCT from intracranial non-GCT tumours at diagnosis, using CSF and serum samples. Conclusions: The pipeline we have developed is robust, scalable and transferable. It potentially promises to improve clinical management of paediatric (and adult) malignant GCTs.
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Enhanced Expression of miR-425 Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumorigenesis by Targeting SMAD2. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:601-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ho GY, Jung HJ, Schoen RE, Wang T, Lin J, Williams Z, Weissfeld JL, Park JY, Loudig O, Suh Y. Differential expression of circulating microRNAs according to severity of colorectal neoplasia. Transl Res 2015; 166:225-232. [PMID: 25770825 PMCID: PMC4537819 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to develop a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening test that is noninvasive, cost effective, and sensitive enough to detect preneoplastic lesions. This case-control study examined the feasibility of using circulating extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) to differentiate a spectrum of colorectal neoplasia of various severity and hence for early detection of colorectal neoplasia. Archived serum samples of 10 normal controls and 31 cases, including 10 with nonadvanced adenoma, 10 with advanced adenoma, and 11 with CRC, were profiled for circulating miRNAs using next-generation sequencing. Multiple linear regression, adjusting for age, gender, and smoking status, compared controls and the 3 case groups for levels of 175 miRNAs that met stringent criteria for miRNA sequencing analysis. Of the 175 miRNAs, 106 miRNAs were downregulated according to severity of neoplasia and showed a relative decrease in the expression from controls to nonadvanced adenoma to advanced adenoma to CRC (Ptrend < 0.05). Pairwise group comparisons showed that 39 and 80 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the advanced adenoma and CRC groups compared with the controls, respectively. Differences in miRNA levels between the nonadvanced adenoma group and controls were modest. Our study found that expression of many miRNAs in serum was inversely correlated with the severity of colorectal neoplasia, and differential miRNA profiles were apparent in preneoplastic cases with advanced lesions, suggesting circulating miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Y.F. Ho
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Bronx, New York
| | - Hwa Jin Jung
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Bronx, New York
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tao Wang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Bronx, New York
| | - Juan Lin
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Bronx, New York
| | - Zev Williams
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Bronx, New York
| | - Joel L Weissfeld
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jung Yoon Park
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Bronx, New York
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Bronx, New York
| | - Yousin Suh
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Bronx, New York
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Basati G, Razavi AE, Pakzad I, Malayeri FA. Circulating levels of the miRNAs, miR-194, and miR-29b, as clinically useful biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1781-8. [PMID: 26318304 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-194 and miR-29b, have been shown to downregulate in colorectal cancer (CRC) and may identify and classify CRC patients as compared with those in control subjects. In the current study, we aimed to explore whether the serum levels of the miRNAs could be potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. A quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was utilized to determine and compare serum levels of miR-194 and miR-29b in 55 patients with CRC and 55 control subjects. The correlations between levels of the miRNAs and clinicopathological stages of cancer were analyzed in patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and survival analyses were carried out, respectively, to determine diagnostic and prognostic values of the miRNAs. Serum levels of miR-194 and miR-29b were found to be significantly lower in CRC patients than those in control subjects (P < 0.0001). Moreover, serum levels of the miRNAs in patients were inversely correlated with the advanced TNM stages (P = 0.01). ROC curve and survival analyses revealed that reduced levels of the miRNAs could serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for patients with CRC (P = 0.0001). Serum levels of miR-194 and miR-29b may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Basati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fardin Ali Malayeri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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Erstad DJ, Tumusiime G, Cusack JC. Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for the Clinical Surgeon. Ann Surg Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Roberts BS, Hardigan AA, Kirby MK, Fitz-Gerald MB, Wilcox CM, Kimberly RP, Myers RM. Blocking of targeted microRNAs from next-generation sequencing libraries. Nucleic Acids Res 2015. [PMID: 26209131 PMCID: PMC4666382 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly abundant microRNAs (miRNAs) in small RNA sequencing libraries make it difficult to obtain efficient measurements of more lowly expressed species. We present a new method that allows for the selective blocking of specific, abundant miRNAs during preparation of sequencing libraries. This technique is specific with little off-target effects and has no impact on the reproducibility of the measurement of non-targeted species. In human plasma samples, we demonstrate that blocking of highly abundant hsa-miR-16–5p leads to improved detection of lowly expressed miRNAs and more precise measurement of differential expression overall. Furthermore, we establish the ability to target a second abundant miRNA and to multiplex the blocking of two miRNAs simultaneously. For small RNA sequencing, this technique could fill a similar role as do ribosomal or globin removal technologies in messenger RNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Roberts
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Andrew A Hardigan
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Marie K Kirby
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Meredith B Fitz-Gerald
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - C Mel Wilcox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Robert P Kimberly
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
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Weng W, Feng J, Qin H, Ma Y, Goel A. An update on miRNAs as biological and clinical determinants in colorectal cancer: a bench-to-bedside approach. Future Oncol 2015; 11:1791-808. [PMID: 26075447 PMCID: PMC4489702 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis represents a sequential progression of normal colonic mucosa from adenoma to carcinoma. It has become apparent that miRNA deregulation contributes to the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). These oncogenic or tumor-suppressive miRNAs interact with intracellular signaling networks and lead to alteration of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and even response to chemotherapeutic treatments. This article aims to review the cutting edge progress in the discovery of the role of novel mechanisms for miRNAs in the development of CRC. We will also discuss the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Furthermore, with advancements in RNA delivery technology, it is anticipated that manipulation of miRNAs may offer an alternative therapy for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Junlan Feng
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research & Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention & Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute & Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Butz H, Patócs A. Technical Aspects Related to the Analysis of Circulating microRNAs. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2015; 106:55-71. [PMID: 26608199 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0955-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Specific and sensitive noninvasive biofluid-based biomarkers are always needed in the laboratory diagnosis of diseases. Biomarkers are applied not only for diagnostic purposes but for stratifying a disease and for assessing the therapy response or disease progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA molecules regulating gene expression posttranscriptionally. They are frequently dysregulated in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions. miRNAs are present in the circulation and in other biofluids that are common matrices for clinical laboratory testing that has raised the possibility that miRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers. Their excellent stability also supports the possibility that miRNAs once will be routinely used biomarkers in clinical practice. From an analytical point of view, there are many factors (starting material, sample storage and processing, different RNA extraction and detection methods, intra- and interassay variability, and assay interferences) to consider if a miRNA as biomarker is aimed to be introduced as a clinical laboratory test. Despite several pre-analytical and analytical factors that still need standardization, a significant number of studies have been published about the potential role of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers. Due to the lack of standardization of methods, there are a lot of discrepancies among results. In this chapter, we aimed to summarize the current findings about circulating miRNAs focusing on the analytical points related to miRNAs measurements from biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriett Butz
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University "Lendület" Hereditary Endocrine Tumors Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 46 Szentkirályi Str., 1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University "Lendület" Hereditary Endocrine Tumors Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 46 Szentkirályi Str., 1088, Budapest, Hungary.
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