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Oosterhof P, Wit FWNM, van Luin M, van der Valk M, Brinkman K, Burger DM. First-line antiretroviral therapy initiation for newly diagnosed people with HIV in the Netherlands: A retrospective analysis from 2016 to 2020. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307963. [PMID: 39058734 PMCID: PMC11280218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV treating physicians in the Netherlands follow the guidelines of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Most of these recommended initial regimens are single-tablet regimens (STRs), which incur higher costs. By the end of 2017, generic NRTI backbones had become widely available, offering a potentially cheaper multi-tablet regimen. This study aimed to evaluate guideline compliance in people with HIV who started antiretroviral therapy (ART), the uptake of generic multi-tablet regimens (gMTRs), and associated medication costs. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used data from the Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation to determine the proportion of treatment-naïve people entering care who initiated ART according to the DHHS and type of ART regimens prescribed between January 2016 and December 2020. We analyzed ART prescriptions, both at the national level and per individual HIV treatment centers. We calculated the monthly ART costs based on Dutch medicine prices listed on www.medicijnkosten.nl for each calendar year. RESULTS In 2016, an integrase inhibitor-containing regimen was initiated in 77.3% which increased to 87.8% in 2020. The compliance rate to DHHS-recommended initial regimens ranged from 82.8% in 2016 to 90.9% in 2020. Most patients received single-tablet regimens, 81.3% in 2016 to 60.3% in 2020. After the introduction the gMTRs showed a steady increase from 17.8% in 2018 to 37.8% in 2020. The cost of the first-line regimen per patient decreased by 22.9% in 2020 compared with 2017. The decrease was larger in centers where treatment-naïve individuals with HIV were preferentially initiated on a gMTR. CONCLUSIONS There was a high compliance to the "DHHS-recommended initial regimens for most people with HIV" in the Netherlands. Most people who initiated ART received STRs, although the percentage of people who started on STRs gradually decreased over time. The use of gMTRs increased over time and was associated with lower medication costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piter Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboudumc Research Institute for Medical Innovation (RIMI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand W. N. M. Wit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs van Luin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Marc van der Valk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kees Brinkman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M. Burger
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboudumc Research Institute for Medical Innovation (RIMI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Leroy P, Diamantis S, Sellier PO, Hamet G, Brun A, Rozenbaum W, Molina JM. Prescriptions of generic antiretroviral drugs in three healthcare centers in the Paris area, France. AIDS 2024; 38:1269-1272. [PMID: 38814716 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In a retrospective study conducted in three hospitals in Paris, generic antiretroviral accounted for 30.2% of all prescriptions. Tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) was the most prescribed generic ART (82.3% of generic prescriptions). Generic ART (gART) was more likely to be prescribed to women, to patients less than 50 years, and with recent HIV diagnosis less than 3 years. Physicians prescribed more gART if they were men, older than 55 years or worked at a university teaching hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Leroy
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile-de-France, Melun
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis/Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris
| | - Sylvain Diamantis
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile-de-France, Melun
| | - Pierre-Olivier Sellier
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile-de-France, Melun
- Corevih Ile-de-France Est, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis/Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris
| | - Gwenn Hamet
- Corevih Ile-de-France Est, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis/Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris
| | - Alexandre Brun
- Corevih Ile-de-France Est, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis/Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris
| | - Willy Rozenbaum
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis/Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris
- Corevih Ile-de-France Est, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis/Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris
| | - Jean-Michel Molina
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis/Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris
- Corevih Ile-de-France Est, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis/Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Oosterhof P, Van Luin M, Brinkman K, Burger DM. Negative impact of a health insurer-mandated de-simplification from a single-tablet regimen to a two-tablet regimen. AIDS 2024; 38:1257-1262. [PMID: 38597511 PMCID: PMC11139245 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antiretroviral therapy (ART) accounts for a considerable proportion of HIV care expenses. In June 2021, a Dutch healthcare insurer implemented a mandatory policy to de-simplify branded RPV/TDF/FTC (Eviplera) into a two-tablet regimen containing rilpivirine (Edurant) and generic TDF/FTC as part of cost-saving measures. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the acceptance of this policy, the trends in ART dispensation, and cost developments. DESIGN A retrospective database study. METHODS In this study, medication dispensation data were obtained from the Dutch Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics (SFK). This database covers 98% of all medication dispensations from Dutch pharmacies including people with HIV who receive ART. We received pseudonymized data exclusively from individuals insured by the insurer for the years 2020-2022. Costs were calculated using Dutch drug prices for each year. RESULTS In June 2021, 128 people with HIV were on branded RPV/TDF/FTC. Following the policy implementation, 59 (46%) had switched to RPV + generic TDF/FTC, but after 1.5 years, only 17 of 128 individuals (13%) used the proposed two-tablet regimen. The other 111/128 used RPV/TDF/FTC with prescriptions for 'medical necessity' ( n = 29), switched to RPV/TAF/FTC ( n = 51), or other ART ( n = 31). Despite expectations of cost-savings, costs increased from €72 988 in May 2021 to €75 649 in May 2022. CONCLUSION A mandatory switch from an STR to a TTR in people with HIV proved unsuccessful, marked by low acceptance, and increased costs after 1 year. This underscores the necessity of incorporating patient and prescriber involvement in changing medication policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piter Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboudumc Research Institute for Medical Innovation (RIMI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | | | - Kees Brinkman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M. Burger
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboudumc Research Institute for Medical Innovation (RIMI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
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Lepik KJ, Hunt OL, Bacani N, Wang L, Harris M, Toy J, McLinden T, Sereda P, Akagi LJ, Ready E, Montaner JS, Barrios R. Adverse drug reactions attributed to generic substitution of antiretroviral medications among HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis clients in British Columbia, Canada. Antivir Ther 2024; 29:13596535241233128. [PMID: 38375582 DOI: 10.1177/13596535241233128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In British Columbia, antiretrovirals (ARVs) for HIV treatment (HIV-Tx) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are free-of-charge through publicly-funded Drug Treatment Programs (DTPs). When available, less costly generics are substituted for brand-name ARVs. We describe the incidence and type of product substitution issue (PSI) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) attributed to generic ARVs. METHODS Cohorts included DTP clients ≥19 years who received generic ARVs for HIV-Tx (abacavir-lamivudine, emtricitabine-tenofovir DF, efavirenz-emtricitabine-tenofovir DF, atazanavir or darunavir between 01 Jun 2017 and 30 Jun 2022) or PrEP (emtricitabine-tenofovir DF, 01 Apr 2018 to 30 Jun 2022). Demographic, ARV and ADR data were extracted from DTP databases and summarized by descriptive statistics. PSI incidence was calculated for each product during the year following brand-to-generic and generic-to-generic transitions (first-year-post-rollout), and compared between generic versions using generalized estimating equations. For context, incidence of any ARV product-related ADR was calculated in the same 1-year periods. RESULTS During first-year-post-rollout periods, 5339 HIV-Tx (83% male, median age 52 years) and 8095 PrEP (99% male, median 33 years) clients received generic ARVs, and reported 78 and 23 generic PSIs, respectively. PSI incidence was <1% for most generic ARVs, with mild-moderate symptoms including gastrointestinal upset, headache, dizziness, fatigue/malaise and skin rash. In HIV-Tx clients, the efavirenz-containing product had higher PSI incidence than other ARVs (2.2%, p = .004), due to more neuropsychiatric adverse reactions. Any ADR incidence was stable across measurement periods, and generic PSIs represented less than one third of all product-related ADRs. CONCLUSIONS Generic substitution of antiretrovirals for HIV-Tx and PrEP was well tolerated, with ≤2% incidence of mild-moderate PSI ADRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Lepik
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Pharmacy Department, Saint Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Olivia L Hunt
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nic Bacani
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lu Wang
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marianne Harris
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Junine Toy
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Pharmacy Department, Saint Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Paul Sereda
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Linda J Akagi
- Pharmacy Department, Saint Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin Ready
- Pharmacy Department, Saint Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julio Sg Montaner
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rolando Barrios
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Ruiz-Algueró M, Alejos B, García Yubero C, Riera Jaume M, Antonio Iribarren J, Asensi V, Pasquau F, Galera CE, Pascual-Carrasco M, Muñoz A, Jarrín I, Suárez-García I, Moreno S, Jarrín I, Dalmau D, Navarro ML, González MI, Blanco JL, Garcia F, Rubio R, Iribarren JA, Gutiérrez F, Vidal F, Berenguer J, González J, Alejos B, Hernando V, Moreno C, Iniesta C, Garcia Sousa LM, Perez NS, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, García-Merino IM, Fernández IC, Rico CG, de la Fuente JG, Concejo PP, Portilla J, Merino E, Reus S, Boix V, Giner L, Gadea C, Portilla I, Pampliega M, Díez M, Rodríguez JC, Sánchez-Payá J, Gómez JL, Hernández J, Alemán MR, del Mar Alonso M, Inmaculada Hernández M, Díaz-Flores F, García D, Pelazas R, Lirola AL, Moreno JS, Caso AA, Hernández Gutiérrez C, Novella Mena M, Rubio R, Pulido F, Bisbal O, Hernando A, Domínguez L, Crestelo DR, Bermejo L, Santacreu M, Antonio Iribarren J, Arrizabalaga J, Aramburu MJ, Camino X, Rodríguez-Arrondo F, von Wichmann MÁ, Tomé LP, Goenaga MÁ, Bustinduy MJ, Azkune H, Ibarguren M, Lizardi A, Kortajarena X, Gutiérrez F, Masiá M, Padilla S, Navarro A, Montolio F, Robledano C, Gregori Colomé J, Adsuar A, Pascual R, Fernández M, García E, García JA, Barber X, Muga R, Sanvisens A, Fuster D, Berenguer J, de Quirós JCLB, Gutiérrez I, Ramírez M, Padilla B, Gijón P, Aldamiz-Echevarría T, Tejerina F, José Parras F, Balsalobre P, Diez C, Latorre LP, Vidal F, Peraire J, Viladés C, Veloso S, Vargas M, López-Dupla M, Olona M, Rull A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Alba V, Montero Alonso M, López Aldeguer J, Blanes Juliá M, Tasias Pitarch M, Hernández IC, Calabuig Muñoz E, Cuéllar Tovar S, Salavert Lletí M, Navarro JF, González-Garcia J, Arnalich F, Arribas JR, de la Serna JIB, Castro JM, Escosa L, Herranz P, Hontañón V, García-Bujalance S, López-Hortelano MG, González-Baeza A, Martín-Carbonero ML, Mayoral M, Mellado MJ, Micán RE, Montejano R, Luisa Montes M, Moreno V, Pérez-Valero I, Rodés B, Sainz T, Sendagorta E, Stella Alcáriz N, Valencia E, Ramón Blanco J, Antonio Oteo J, Ibarra V, Metola L, Sanz M, Pérez-Martínez L, Arazo P, Sampériz G, Dalmau D, Jaén A, Sanmartí M, Cairó M, Martinez-Lacasa J, Velli P, Font R, Xercavins M, Alonso N, Repáraz J, de Alda MGR, de León Cano MT, de Galarreta BPR, Segura F, José Amengual M, Navarro G, Sala M, Cervantes M, Pineda V, Calzado S, Navarro M, de los Santos I, Sanz Sanz J, Aparicio AS, Sarriá Cepeda C, Garcia-Fraile Fraile L, Martín Gayo E, Moreno S, Luis Casado J, Dronda F, Moreno A, Jesús Pérez Elías M, Gómez Ayerbe C, Gutiérrez C, Madrid N, del Campo Terrón S, Martí P, Ansa U, Serrano S, Jesús Vivancos M, Cano A, García AA, Bravo Urbieta J, Muñoz Á, Jose Alcaraz M, Villalba MDC, García F, Hernández J, Peña A, Muñoz L, Casas P, Alvarez M, Chueca N, Vinuesa D, Martinez-Montes C, Romero JD, Rodríguez C, Puerta T, Carlos Carrió J, Vera M, Ballesteros J, Ayerdi O, Antela A, Losada E, Riera M, Peñaranda M, Leyes M, Ribas MA, Campins AA, Vidal C, Fanjul F, Murillas J, Homar F, Santos J, Ayerbe CG, Viciana I, Palacios R, González CM, Viciana P, Espinosa N, López-Cortés LF, Podzamczer D, Ferrer E, Imaz A, Tiraboschi J, Silva A, Saumoy M, Ribera E, Curran A, Olalla J, del Arco A, de la torre J, Prada JL, de Lomas Guerrero JMG, Stachowski JP, Martínez OJ, Vera FJ, Martínez L, García J, Alcaraz B, Jimeno A, Iglesias AC, Souto BP, de Cea AM, Muñoz J, Zubero MZ, Baraia-Etxaburu JM, Ugarte SI, Beneitez OLF, de Munain JL, López MMC, de la Peña M, Lopez M, Galera C, Albendin H, Pérez A, Iborra A, Moreno A, Merlos MA, Vidal A, Amador C, Pasquau F, Ena J, Benito C, Fenoll V, Anguita CG, Rabasa JTA, Suárez-García I, Malmierca E, González-Ruano P, Rodrigo DM, Seco MPR, Vidal MAG, de Zarraga MA, Pérez VE, Molina MJT, García JV, Moreno JPS, Górgolas M, Cabello A, Álvarez B, Prieto L, Sanz Moreno J, Arranz Caso A, Gutiérrez CH, Novella Mena M, Galindo Puerto MJ, Fernando Vilalta R, Ferrer Ribera A, Román AR, Brieva Herrero MT, Juárez AR, López PL, Sánchez IM, Martínez JP, Jiménez MC, Perea RT, Ruiz-Capillas JJJ, Pineda JA. Use of Generic Antiretroviral Drugs and Single-Tablet Regimen De-Simplification for the Treatment of HIV Infection in Spain. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:433-440. [PMID: 35357907 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to describe the use of generic drugs and single-tablet regimen (STR) de-simplification for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among 41 hospitals from the cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). In June 2018, we collected information on when generic antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) were introduced in the different hospitals, how the decisions to use them were made, and how the information was provided to the patients. Most of the nine available generic ARVs in Spain by June 2018 had been introduced in at least 85% of the participating hospitals, except for zidovudine (AZT)/lamivudine (3TC) and AZT. The time difference between the effective marketing date of each generic ARV and its first dispensing date in the hospitals was much shorter for the more recently approved generic ARV since the year 2017. However, only up to 20% of the hospitals de-simplified efavirenz (EFV)/tenofovir disoproxil (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC), dolutegravir (DTG)/abacavir (ABC)/3TC, and rilpivirine (RPV)/TDF/FTC (to generic EFV+TDF/FTC, DTG+generic ABC/3TC, and RPV+generic TDF/FTC, respectively), whereas the generic STR EFV/TDF/FTC was introduced in 87.8% of the centers. The median times between the date of effective marketing of generic TDF/FTC and the date of de-simplification of EFV/TDF/FTC and RPV/TDF/FTC were 723 [interquartile range (IQR): 369-1,119] and 234 (IQR: 142-264) days, respectively; this time was 155 (IQR: 28-287) days for de-simplification of DTG/ABC/3TC. In conclusion, despite the widespread use of generic ARVs, STRs de-simplification was only undertaken in <20% of the hospitals. There was wide variability in the timing of the introduction of each generic ARV after they were available in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ruiz-Algueró
- National Center for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Institute of Health CArlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Alejos
- National Center for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - José Antonio Iribarren
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Instituto de Investigación BioDonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Víctor Asensi
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Mario Pascual-Carrasco
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Institute of Health CArlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación en Telemedicina y Salud Digital (UITes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Muñoz
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Institute of Health CArlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación en Telemedicina y Salud Digital (UITes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jarrín
- National Center for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Institute of Health CArlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Suárez-García
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Institute of Health CArlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Patients' experiences and opinions after de-simplification of their single-tablet regimens for the treatment of HIV infection: a survey in a multicentre cohort. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 90:62-68. [PMID: 35090156 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to describe patients' experiences after single-tablet regimen (STR) de-simplification, and its impact on self-reported treatment adherence and quality of life. METHODS We performed a survey among all patients from the multicenter cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Network (CoRIS) who had de-simplified the STRs dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine (DGT/ABC/3TC) or rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (RPV/TDF/FTC) to their separate components (DTG+generic ABC/3TC or RPV+generic TDF/FTC, respectively) between December 2016 and November 2018. RESULTS Among 216 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria, 138 (63.9%) completed the questionnaire. The majority (78.3%) knew what generic drugs are, only 8.7% thought that treatment with two pills is less effective than treatment with an STR, and 67.4% agreed that it is reasonable to take two pills instead of one for HIV treatment in order to decrease costs for the healthcare system.After de-simplification, 13.0% of the patients stated they had more secondary effects, 8.0% had forgotten one or more doses more frequently than before, and 10.9% had sometimes forgotten to take one pill, but not the other. A proportion of 30.4% reported not being happy to take more pills a day and 10.1% experienced a worse quality of life after the treatment de-simplification. CONCLUSIONS After STR de-simplification, most patients had a fair knowledge about generic antiretrovirals , and they agreed to de-simplify their STR in order to decrease costs. Although almost a third of the respondents were not happy to take two pills a day, only a minority reported worse adherence or quality of life.
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Degroote S, Vandekerckhove L, Vogelaers D, Vanden Bulcke C. Patient-reported outcomes among people living with HIV on single- versus multi-tablet regimens: Data from a real-life setting. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262533. [PMID: 35025957 PMCID: PMC8758085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of single-tablet regimens (STRs) in HIV treatment is ubiquitous. However, reintroducing the (generic) components as multi-tablet regimens (MTRs) could be an interesting cost-reducing strategy. It is essential to involve patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) to examine the effects of such an approach. Hence, this study compared PROs of people living with HIV taking an STR versus a MTR in a real world setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS This longitudinal study included 188 people living with HIV. 132 remained on a MTR and 56 switched to an STR. At baseline, months 1-3-6-12-18 and 24, participants filled in questionnaires on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), depressive symptoms, HIV symptoms, neurocognitive complaints (NCC), treatment satisfaction and adherence. Generalized linear mixed models and generalized estimation equations mixed models were built. RESULTS Clinical parameters and PROs of the two groups were comparable at baseline. Neurocognitive complaints and treatment satisfaction did differ over time among the groups. In the STR-group, the odds of having NCC increased monthly by 4,1% as compared to the MTR-group (p = 0.035). Moreover, people taking an STR were more satisfied with their treatment after 6 months: the median change score was high: 24 (IQR 7,5-29). Further, treatment satisfaction showed a contrary evolution in the groups: the estimated state score of the STR-group increased by 3,3 while it decreased by 0,2 in the MTR-group (p = 0.003). No differences over time between the groups were observed with regard to HRQoL, HIV symptoms, depressive symptoms and adherence. CONCLUSIONS Neurocognitive complaints were more frequently reported among people on an STR versus MTR. This finding contrasts with the higher treatment satisfaction in the STR-group over time. The long-term effects of both PROs should guide the decision-making on STRs vs. (generic) MTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Degroote
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vogelaers
- Department of General Internal Medicine, AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Celedón N, González C, Cuadrado C. Perspectives of patients and consumers on the use of generic medicines. Medwave 2021. [DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2021.11.8155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Access to medicines constitutes a public health challenge worldwide. Promoting utilization of generic medicines is one of the strategies that has been proposed to optimize pharmaceutical spending and thus allow greater coverage. However, its use is not yet widespread enough. This study seeks to explore the perspectives and acceptability to the use of generic medicines from patients and consumers. METHODS We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a evidence synthesis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified four systematic reviews that together include 47 primary studies, of which one corresponds to a randomized trial. A low rate of patients or consumers has a negative perception regarding generic medicines, including dimensions such as risk, quality, safety, risk of adverse effects, among others.
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Papot E, Kalampalikis N, Doumergue M, Pilorgé F, Quatremère G, Yazdanpanah Y, Préau M. Can we talk about price with patients when choosing antiretroviral therapy? A survey with people living with HIV and prescribers in France. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046212. [PMID: 34836895 PMCID: PMC8628338 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV specialist prescribers' perception of discussing antiretroviral therapy (ART) price in PLWH's care and the acceptability of choosing or switching to various types of less expensive ARTs. DESIGN Cross-sectional surveys (one in a convenience sample of PLWH and one in a voluntary response sample of HIV specialist prescribers). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The surveys were conducted among PLHW attending an HIV clinic in the North of Paris (cohort of 4922 PLWH in 2016), and HIV specialists working in French HIV clinics (210 across 12 districts/28), between January and June 2016. METHOD Self-administered questionnaires were constructed using data collected during focus groups with PLWH and prescribers. Pretests were carried out to select the questions and items. Descriptive analyses of the 129 complete questionnaires of PLWH and 79 of prescribers are presented. RESULTS Among PLWH, 128/129 were on ART and 54% (69/128) gave a fair estimation of the price of their current regimen. Among prescribers, 24% (19/79) thought that their patients knew this price. Taking into account the price of ART was not perceived as a negative step in the history of French response to HIV epidemic for 53% (68/129) of PLWH and 82% (65/79) of prescribers. Seventy-seven PLWH (60%) would agree to switch to less expensive antiretroviral regimens (as effective and with similar adverse events) if pills were bigger; 42 (33%) if there were more daily doses, and 37 (29%) if there were more pills per dose; prescribers were more circumspect. CONCLUSION A high proportion of PLWH gave a fair estimate of their ART price and this seemed unexpected by HIV specialists. Consideration of drug prices when choosing ART was perceived as conceivable by PLWH and prescribers if effectiveness and tolerance were also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Papot
- Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, F-75006, INSERM, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, F-75018 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, F-75006, INSERM, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Marie Préau
- UMR 1296 « Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement », Université Lumière Lyon 2, Institut de Psychologie, Bron, France
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10
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Bruno SR, Poliseno M, Vichi F, Esperti S, Di Biagio A, Berruti M, Ferrara S, Pisani L, Saracino A, Santantonio TA, Lo Caputo S. General Practitioners as partners for a shared management of chronic HIV infection: An insight into the perspectives of Italian People Living with HIV. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254404. [PMID: 34242341 PMCID: PMC8270424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Is it possible to achieve a collaboration between Infectious Diseases (ID) Specialists and General Practitioners (GPs) in the management of chronic HIV infection? A cross sectional survey was conducted among People Living with HIV (PLWHIV) attending the outpatient services of four Italian Infectious Diseases Centers to understand to which extent patients trust their GPs and involve them in the management of their chronic condition. Information about level of communication with GPs, subjective perception of the disease, and presence of co-medications were collected and matched with socio-demographic data using χ2statistics. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. From December 2019 to February 2020, 672 patients completed the survey, 59% males and 56% >50 years. Overall, 508 patients (76%) had informed GPs about HIV-positivity. Communication of diagnosis was significantly associated with age >50years, lower education level, history of disease >10 years and residency in Northern Italy. The "Undetectable = Untrasmittable" (U = U) concept was investigated as an indirect measure of perceived stigma. 23% of subjects was unaware of its meaning. Despite undetectable status, 50% of PLWHIV found difficult to communicate their condition to GPs, especially married (52% vs 48% of unmarried, p = 0.003), well-educated patients (51% vs 48, p = 0.007), living in Southern vs Northern Italy (52% vs 46%, p< 0.001). More than 75% of the participants consulted the ID specialist for co-medications and DDIs management, often complaining a lack of communication of the former with GPs. Overall, a good level of communication between PLWHIV and GPs was outlined, even if a wider involvement of the latter in HIV care is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Rita Bruno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, A.O.U. “Policlinico Riuniti”, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Poliseno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, A.O.U. “Policlinico Riuniti”, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Vichi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital—Bagno a Ripoli, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Esperti
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital—Bagno a Ripoli, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Biagio
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Berruti
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Ferrara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, A.O.U. “Policlinico Riuniti”, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Pisani
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annalisa Saracino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Antonia Santantonio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, A.O.U. “Policlinico Riuniti”, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sergio Lo Caputo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, A.O.U. “Policlinico Riuniti”, Foggia, Italy
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Suárez‐García I, Alejos B, Ruiz‐Algueró M, García Yubero C, Moreno C, Bernal E, Pérez‐Is L, Zubero Z, de Zárraga Fernández MA, Samperiz Abad G, Jarrín I. Effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir and abacavir/lamivudine administered as two separate pills compared to their equivalent single-tablet regimen in a multicentre cohort in Spain. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24:e25758. [PMID: 34291580 PMCID: PMC8295592 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir (DTG), abacavir (ABC) and lamivudine (3TC) administered as branded STR (DTG/ABC/3TC) or as two separate pills (DTG and either branded ABC/3TC [DTG+(ABC/3TC)b] or generic ABC/3TC [DTG+(ABC/3TC)g]). METHODS We included individuals from the multicentre cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) who received DTG/ABC/3TC, DTG+(ABC/3TC)b or DTG+(ABC/3TC)g during 2015 to 2018. We used multivariable logistic regression to compare the proportion of antiretroviral-naïve individuals who achieved viral suppression (VS) (viral load ≤50 copies/mL) at 24 weeks of initiating with DTG+(ABC/3TC)b or DTG+(ABC/3TC)g versus DTG/ABC/3TC. We also calculated the proportion of virologically suppressed individuals who maintained VS at 24 weeks after switching from DTG/ABC/3TC to DTG+(ABC/3TC)g. RESULTS During the study period, 829, 68 and 47 treatment-naïve individuals started treatment with DTG/ABC/3TC, DTG+(ABC/3TC)b or DTG+(ABC/3TC)g respectively. The proportions of individuals who changed their regimens due to side effects during the first 24 weeks were 3.7%, 4.4% and 6.4% respectively (p = 0.646). We did not find significant differences in VS at 24 weeks among individuals starting with DTG+(ABC/3TC)b or DTG+(ABC/3TC)g compared to those initiating with DTG/ABC/3TC. Among 177 virologically suppressed individuals who switched from DTG/ABC/3TC to DTG+(ABC/3TC)g, 170 (96.0%) maintained VS at 24 weeks. CONCLUSIONS In naïve individuals, the effectiveness and tolerability at 24 weeks of DTG plus ABC/3TC administered as two separate pills, either as branded or generic ABC/3TC, was similar to the STR DTG/ABC/3TC. Switching the STR DTG/ABC/3TC to its separate components DTG+(ABC/3TC)g in virologically suppressed individuals did not seem to impair its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Suárez‐García
- Infectious Diseases GroupDepartment of Internal MedicineHospital Universitario Infanta Sofía (FIIB HUIS HHEN)MadridSpain
- Universidad EuropeaMadridSpain
| | - Belén Alejos
- National Epidemiology CentreInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | | | - Cristina García Yubero
- Department of Hospital PharmacyHospital Universitario Infanta Sofía (FIIB HUIS HHEN)MadridSpain
| | - Cristina Moreno
- National Epidemiology CentreInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Enrique Bernal
- Infectious Diseases SectionHospital General Universitario Reina SofíaMurciaSpain
| | - Laura Pérez‐Is
- FINBA/ISPAHospital Universitario Central de AsturiasAvilésSpain
| | - Zuriñe Zubero
- Department of Infectious Diseases. HospitalUniversitario BasurtoBizkaiaSpain
| | | | | | - Inma Jarrín
- National Epidemiology CentreInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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12
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Suárez-García I, Ruiz-Algueró M, García Yubero C, Moreno C, Belza MJ, Estébanez M, de Los Santos I, Masiá M, Samperiz Abad G, Muñoz Sánchez J, Omar M, Jarrín I. Physicians' opinions on generic antiretroviral drugs and single-tablet regimen de-simplification for the treatment of HIV infection: a multicentre survey in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:466-472. [PMID: 31665404 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the attitudes and opinions about generic antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) and single-tablet regimen (STR) de-simplification among physicians prescribing HIV treatment in the cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). METHODS An online questionnaire with 27 structured questions was sent to all physicians (n=199) who prescribed ARVs among the 45 centres participating in the cohort. RESULTS A total of 169 (84.9%) physicians answered the questionnaire. Only 4.1% of the physicians would never prescribe generic ARVs, but 53.3% would not prescribe them if the number of pills per day increased and 89.3% would not prescribe them if the number of doses per day increased. However, 84.0% of the physicians agreed to prescribe generic ARVs if doing so would decrease costs for the public healthcare system. The percentages of physicians stating that generic ARVs (compared with branded ones) would be associated with worse adherence, more adverse effects or more probability of virological failure, provided that the number of pills and doses per day would not change, were low: 0.6%, 7.7% and 3.6%, respectively. However, these percentages were much higher if the generic ARV entailed breaking an STR: 63.9%, 18.9% and 42.0%, respectively. Most physicians stated that they needed more information about the effectiveness and safety of generic ARVs and the price difference compared with their branded equivalents. CONCLUSIONS Although most physicians were confident about prescribing generic ARVs, the majority had strong concerns about de-simplifying STR, and they also needed more information about generic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Suárez-García
- Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Algueró
- National Epidemiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Moreno
- National Epidemiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Belza
- National School of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Estébanez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 'Gómez Ulla', Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mar Masiá
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Josefa Muñoz Sánchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mohamed Omar
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Inma Jarrín
- National Epidemiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Giraud JS, Doisne M, Chan Hew Wai A, Majerholc C, Fourn E, Sejean K, Trichereau J, Bonan B, Zucman D. De-simplifying single-tablet antiretroviral treatments for cost savings in France: From the patient perspectives to a 6-month follow-up on generics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239704. [PMID: 32976493 PMCID: PMC7518587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In developed countries, most people living with HIV/AIDS are treated with costly brand single-tablet regimens. Given the economic impact, French guidelines recommend using generic antiretroviral therapy when possible to decrease antiretroviral therapy costs. We aimed to study HIV-infected patients’ acceptability to switch from a brand single-tablet regimens [abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (Triumeq®) or emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/rilpivirine (Eviplera®)] to a treatment comprising of two pills: one is a fixed-dose generic combination of 2 Nucleoside Analogs and the second tablet is the third antiretroviral. This study was a prospective observational study in a French hospital. During their follow-up, patients on stable single-tablet regimens were made aware of the possible cost-saving. They were questioned about their willingness and barriers accepting the substitution. Participants chose between the two regimens, either to remain on single-tablet regimens or switch to the de-simplified regimen. Six months later, a second survey was given to the patient who chose to de-simplify and HIV viral load was controlled. The study included 98 patients: 60 receiving emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/rilpivirine (Eviplera®) and 38 on abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (Triumeq®). Forty-five patients accepted the de-simplified treatment, 37 refused and 16 were undecided and followed the decision offered by their physician. The main reason for unwillingness to switch is the number of pills (77.3%). In multivariate model analysis, male patients (p = 0.001) who have taken antiretroviral therapy for over 20 years (p = 0.04) and who retrieve their treatment in their community hospital (p = 0.03) are more likely to accept the switch. Fifty-one patients accepted to replace their single-tablet regimens and six months later, the majority was satisfied; only four returned to single-tablet regimens because of suspected side effects. Half of the people living with HIV/AIDS in our cohort accepted to switch from brand single-tablet regimens to a two-tablet regimen containing generic drugs within a process that emphasizes health expenditure savings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erwan Fourn
- HIV Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
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Krentz H, Campbell S, Gill J. Desimplification of Single Tablet Antiretroviral (ART) Regimens-A Practical Cost-Savings Strategy? J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2020; 18:2325958218822304. [PMID: 30672364 PMCID: PMC6748513 DOI: 10.1177/2325958218822304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in increased costs of care; the ability to finance and control sustained costs of ART needs to be discussed. APPROACH The Southern Alberta Clinic initiated a practical cost savings approach that switched select patients from a branded ART to a less expensive generic variation. Our approach surveyed physicians and patients on their acceptance of switching and then launched a program asking patients if they would switch to generic variations for cost control purposes. RESULTS Our early findings found >50% of patients approached agreed to switch. We found no evidence of increased risk of viral breakthrough, resistance, side effects, or displeasure with generic drugs. Measured cost savings in the first year were >$1.1 million with annual projected savings of between $4.3 million and $2.6 million (in 2017 Cdn$). CONCLUSION Our approach can provide an option for controlling costs of HIV care without compromising quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Krentz
- 1 Southern Alberta Clinic, Calgary, Canada.,2 Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - John Gill
- 1 Southern Alberta Clinic, Calgary, Canada.,2 Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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E-health. Patterns of use and perceived benefits and barriers among people living with HIV and their physicians. Part 1: Information retrieval on the Internet and social networks. Med Mal Infect 2020; 50:575-581. [PMID: 32289382 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify patterns of use, perceived benefits, and barriers among people living with HIV (PLHIV) of online searches for health information and via social media. METHODS Online multicentre observational survey (October 15th-19th, 2018). RESULTS Study participation was accepted by 838/1377 PLHIV followed in 46 centres, of which 325 (39%) responded online: 181 (56%) had already used the Internet to search for health information; 88/181 (49%) on HIV infection and 78 (43%) on nutrition. These 56% were characterised by a higher educational level (OR=1.82±0.50; P=0.028) and more often consulted other specialists (OR=3.14±1.26; P=0.004). A subset of 87/180 (48%) PLHIV had changed the way they looked after their health based on their online research, and were more often in material/social deprivation (P=0.02) and diabetic (P=0.02). A small subset of 19/180 (11%) had already asked or answered a question on a forum; these people tended to be women (P=0.03) in material/social deprivation (P=0.009). 296/322 (92%) PLHIV trusted their physician whereas only 206 (64%) trusted information sourced on medical websites. 238/323 (74%) PLHIV expected their physicians to recommend websites if asked, whereas only 23/323 (7%) had actually been given this guidance. CONCLUSION More than half of PLHIV surveyed had already searched for health information on the Internet, and one in two had changed their behaviour based on the online search. PLHIV did not see the Internet as an alternative to physicians but they wanted their physicians to guide them on how to find quality health information to better self-manage their condition.
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Garcia A, Moore Boffi S, Gayet-Ageron A, Vernaz N. Access to unauthorized hepatitis C generics: Perception and knowledge of physicians, pharmacists, patients and non-healthcare professionals. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223649. [PMID: 31600328 PMCID: PMC6786651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes both acute and chronic infection, which can potentially develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer. Healthcare systems are struggling to finance costly direct-acting antiviral agents through public funding for uninsured patients, despite the unprecedented high cure rates of these agents. Vulnerable populations are at higher risk of HCV infection. The personal importation scheme is based on the legal right to import any unauthorized generics for personal use. This study was designed to assess the knowledge and perceptions of stakeholders on unauthorized generics. METHODS We conducted an anonymous online survey based on the fictitious situation of a patient diagnosed with HCV who lacked mandatory health insurance and personal financial resources. RESULTS We obtained a sample of 781 respondents: 445 physicians, 77 pharmacists, 51 patients and 207 non-healthcare professionals. We found that only 36% and 58% of respondents believe that the quality and efficacy, respectively, of unauthorized generics are equivalent to their corresponding brand. An overwhelming majority (98%) favoured quality control upon arrival, and 31% felt they could recognize fraudulent websites. A total of 79% expressed support for financial assistance for vulnerable patients, and support among physicians was 83%. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the limited knowledge of the efficacy and quality of unauthorized generics, despite evidence in peer-reviewed literature, contrasts with the overwhelmingly positive attitudes toward financial assistance for personal import. This finding emphasizes the need for clearer information on imported generics and the potential safety provided by buyers' club schemes to complete the WHO agenda of eradicating viral hepatitis by 2030 within otherwise excluded vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Garcia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Angèle Gayet-Ageron
- Medical Directorate, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vernaz
- Medical Directorate, Finance Directorate, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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17
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Krentz HB, Campbell S, Lahl M, Gill MJ. De-simplifying single-tablet antiretroviral treatments: uptake, risks and cost savings. HIV Med 2019; 20:214-221. [PMID: 30632660 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As more HIV-positive individuals receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), payers are seeking options for covering these increased and sustained drug costs. Strategic use of available generic antiretroviral (ARV) formulations may be feasible. De-simplifying a single-tablet co-formulation (STF) into two or more tablets using both brand and generic drugs has been proposed. We determine if voluntary de-simplification of one STF could be utilized as a cost-saving strategy. We report on the challenges, uptake, outcomes and cost savings of this initiative. METHODS Patients stable on the most commonly used STF (Triumeq® ) were offered the option of remaining on Triumeq® or switching to generic abacavir/lamivudine and Tivicay® between 1 January 2015 and 1 January 2018; those starting ART consisting of abacavir/lamivudine/doulutegravir in the same period were offered the option of starting Triumeq® or generic abacavir/laminvudine and Tivicay® . No incentives were provided. We examined the acceptance/decline rates, patient satisfaction, health care outcomes and annual cost savings. RESULTS Of 626 patients receiving Triumeq® , 321 were approached; 177 (55.1%) agreed to de-simplify. Of patients initiating ART, 62.7% chose the generic co-formulation. Patients switching to or starting on the generic co-formulation were more likely to be male, > 45 years old, Caucasian, men who have sex with men (MSM) and more HIV-experienced, and to have more comorbidities (all P < 0.05). Preference for STF was cited for declining de-simplification. No concern about generic ARVs was expressed. The rate of viral load > 500 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL after baseline was 2.7% in switched patients compared with 7.0% in those declining to switch. No de novo resistance occurred. A saving of Cdn$1 319 686 was achieved in the first year. CONCLUSIONS Reliance on altruism, while respecting patient autonomy, achieved de-simplification in > 50% of patients approached, and generated immediate cost savings with no increased risk of adverse events, viral breakthrough or resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Krentz
- Southern Alberta Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Campbell
- Southern Alberta Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Lahl
- Southern Alberta Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M J Gill
- Southern Alberta Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Scherlinger M, Pellegrin JL, Germain V, Lazaro E, Duffau P, Schaeverbeke T. [Biosimilars in France, to understand the stakes in order to use them well]. Rev Med Interne 2018; 40:5-8. [PMID: 30396704 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.10.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Scherlinger
- Service de rhumatologie, hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rare Est/Sud-Ouest, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - J-L Pellegrin
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Service de médecine interne, hôpital Haut-Levêque, CHU de Bordeaux, avenue Magellan, 33600 Pessac, France; Centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rare Est/Sud-Ouest, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - V Germain
- Service de rhumatologie, hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rare Est/Sud-Ouest, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - E Lazaro
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Service de médecine interne, hôpital Haut-Levêque, CHU de Bordeaux, avenue Magellan, 33600 Pessac, France; Centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rare Est/Sud-Ouest, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - P Duffau
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Service de médecine interne, hôpital Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rare Est/Sud-Ouest, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - T Schaeverbeke
- Service de rhumatologie, hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rare Est/Sud-Ouest, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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19
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Scherlinger M, Langlois E, Germain V, Schaeverbeke T. Acceptance rate and sociological factors involved in the switch from originator to biosimilar etanercept (SB4). Semin Arthritis Rheum 2018; 48:927-932. [PMID: 30093238 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study acceptance rate and factors influencing acceptance of the switch from originator etanercept (Enbrel©) to biosimilar etanercept (SB4, Bénépali©) in patients with rheumatic disease. METHODS Patients with a well-controlled rheumatic disease consulting in our rheumatology department were offered the switch for SB4. After oral and written information concerning biosimilar, free choice to accept the switch was left to the patients. The main outcome was primary switch acceptance rate defined by switch acceptance during the initial consult. Real switch adherence, socio-cultural factors and beliefs influencing switch acceptance rate were retrieved during a telephonic interview at distance from the consultation. RESULTS Fifty-two patients were eligible for the switch: 32 (62%) with spondyloarthritis and 20 (38%) with rheumatoid arthritis. The primary acceptance rate was 92% (48/52). Patients refusing the switch were more likely to report a bad opinion on generic drugs (100% vs 11%, p < 0.001). Other patient characteristics were roughly identical except for a statistical trend in the refusal group toward older age (61.4vs 50.7years, p = 0.08) and longer disease duration (26vs 12.1years, p = 0.05). Despite initial acceptance, two patients did not begin SB4 after receiving negative information by their regular pharmacist. Real SB4 switch rate was 85% (44/52) and 86% (38/44) of patients reported a good experience of the switch. CONCLUSIONS Acceptance rate of the switch from originator to biosimilar etanercept is high. Patient information, physician and pharmacist knowledge on biosimilars should be taken into account in order to improve their diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Scherlinger
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno Concept, 146 rue Léon Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Emmanuel Langlois
- Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno Concept, 146 rue Léon Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS-UMR 5516 Centre Emile Durkheim, 11 allée Ausone, 33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Vincent Germain
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Schaeverbeke
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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20
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Rwagitinywa J, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Bourrel R, Montastruc JL, Sommet A. Comparison of adherence to generic multi-tablet regimens vs. brand multi-tablet and brand single-tablet regimens likely to incorporate generic antiretroviral drugs by breaking or not fixed-dose combinations in HIV-infected patients. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 32:450-458. [PMID: 29505661 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) is crucial to achieve viral load suppression in HIV-infected patients. This study aimed to compare adherence to generic multi-tablet regimens (MTR) vs. brand MTR likely to incorporate ARV drugs without breaking fixed-dose combinations (FDC) and brand single-tablet regimens (STR) likely to incorporate generics by breaking the FDC. Patients aged of 18 years or over exposed to one of the generic or the brand of lamivudine (3TC), zidovudine/lamivudine (AZT/TC), nevirapine (NVP), or efavirenz (EFV), or the brand STR of efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir (EFV/FTC/TDF). Adherence was measured by medication possession ratio (MPR) using both defined daily dose (DDD) and daily number of tablet recommended for adults (DNT). Adherence to generic MTR vs. brand MTR and brand STR was compared using Kruskal-Wallis. The overall median adherence was 0.97 (IQR 0.13) by DNT method and 0.97 (0.14) by DDD method. Adherence in patients exposed to generic MTR (n = 165) vs. brand MTR (n = 481) and brand STR (n = 470) was comparable by DNT and DDD methods. In conclusion, adherence to generic MTR was high and comparable with adherence to brand MTR and to STR. Utilization of DDD instead DNT to measure the MPR led to small but nonsignificant difference that has no clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rwagitinywa
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,UMR NSERM 1027, University Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,UMR NSERM 1027, University Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac - TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Robert Bourrel
- Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés (CNAMTS), Direction de l'échelon médical, 3 Boulevard Léopold Escande, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Montastruc
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,UMR NSERM 1027, University Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac - TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Agnès Sommet
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,UMR NSERM 1027, University Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac - TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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21
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Martin EG, Schackman BR. Treating and Preventing HIV with Generic Drugs - Barriers in the United States. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:316-319. [PMID: 29365306 DOI: 10.1056/nejmp1710914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika G Martin
- From the Rockefeller Institute of Government and the Department of Public Administration and Policy, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany (E.G.M.); and the Department of Healthcare Policy and Administration, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (B.R.S.)
| | - Bruce R Schackman
- From the Rockefeller Institute of Government and the Department of Public Administration and Policy, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany (E.G.M.); and the Department of Healthcare Policy and Administration, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (B.R.S.)
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Krentz HB, Campbell S, Gill VC, Gill MJ. Patient perspectives on de-simplifying their single-tablet co-formulated antiretroviral therapy for societal cost savings. HIV Med 2018; 19:290-298. [PMID: 29368401 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The incremental costs of expanding antiretroviral (ARV) drug treatment to all HIV-infected patients are substantial, so cost-saving initiatives are important. Our objectives were to determine the acceptability and financial impact of de-simplifying (i.e. switching) more expensive single-tablet formulations (STFs) to less expensive generic-based multi-tablet components. We determined physician and patient perceptions and acceptance of STF de-simplification within the context of a publicly funded ARV budget. METHODS Programme costs were calculated for patients on ARVs followed at the Southern Alberta Clinic, Canada during 2016 (Cdn$). We focused on patients receiving Triumeq® and determined the savings if patients de-simplified to eligible generic co-formulations. We surveyed all prescribing physicians and a convenience sample of patients taking Triumeq® to see if, for budgetary purposes, they felt that de-simplification would be acceptable. RESULTS Of 1780 patients receiving ARVs, 62% (n = 1038) were on STF; 58% (n = 607) of patients on STF were on Triumeq®. The total annual cost of ARVs was $26 222 760. The cost for Triumeq® was $8 292 600. If every patient on Triumeq® switched to generic abacavir/lamivudine and Tivicay® (dolutegravir), total costs would decrease by $4 325 040. All physicians (n = 13) felt that de-simplifying could be safely achieved. Forty-eight per cent of 221 patients surveyed were agreeable to de-simplifying for altruistic reasons, 27% said no, and 25% said maybe. CONCLUSIONS De-simplifying Triumeq® generates large cost savings. Additional savings could be achieved by de-simplifying other STFs. Both physicians and patients agreed that selective de-simplification was acceptable; however, it may not be acceptable to every patient. Monitoring the medical and cost impacts of de-simplification strategies seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Krentz
- Southern Alberta Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Campbell
- Southern Alberta Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V C Gill
- Southern Alberta Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M J Gill
- Southern Alberta Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Rwagitinywa J, Sommet A, Palmaro A, Montastruc JL, Lapeyre-Mestre M. Utilization and costs of HIV antiretroviral drugs in Europe during the last ten years: Impact of generic antiretroviral drugs on cost reduction. Health Policy 2018; 122:237-242. [PMID: 29398158 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Simulation studies showed that generic antiretroviral (ARV) drug utilization could lead to significant cost reduction of HIV treatment in developed world. This study aimed to quantify ARV utilization and costs in European countries between 2006 and 2015. We also assessed the impact of generic ARV drug utilization on cost reduction in real-life. METHODS ARV drug utilization in 14 European countries (France, Italy, Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) were analysed using defined daily dose (DDD)/1000 inhabitants/year. ARV drug cost was estimated in million euro/year and euro/1000 inhabitants/year. The impact of generics on cost reduction was assessed in three countries: France, Denmark, and Czech Republic, using four parameters: expected savings, observed savings, brand price-reduction savings and overall savings. RESULTS Between 2006 and 2015, median ARV drug utilization increased from 234 DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per year (IQR 124-388) to 385 (229-670). The median cost increased from €3751/1000 inhabitants/year (1109-4681) to €9158 (3269-10,646). Between 2013 and 2015, overall savings of €0.9, €1.6, and €33.7 million were respectively observed in Denmark, Czech Republic, and France. CONCLUSION Overall savings observed in real-life from generic ARV drugs in Denmark were related to high rate of low-price generic utilization, contrarily to France and Czech Republic where these were more related to brand price-reduction than generic utilization itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rwagitinywa
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Faculté de Médecine, 37, Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France; UMR NSERM 1027, University Toulouse III, Faculté de Médecine, 37, Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Agnès Sommet
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Faculté de Médecine, 37, Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France; UMR NSERM 1027, University Toulouse III, Faculté de Médecine, 37, Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France; CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac - TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Aurore Palmaro
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Faculté de Médecine, 37, Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France; UMR NSERM 1027, University Toulouse III, Faculté de Médecine, 37, Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France; CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac - TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Jean-Louis Montastruc
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Faculté de Médecine, 37, Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France; UMR NSERM 1027, University Toulouse III, Faculté de Médecine, 37, Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France; CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac - TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Faculté de Médecine, 37, Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France; UMR NSERM 1027, University Toulouse III, Faculté de Médecine, 37, Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France; CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac - TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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Rwagitinywa J, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Bourrel R, Sommet A. Generic antiretroviral drug use in HIV-infected patients: A cohort study from the French health insurance database. Therapie 2017; 73:257-266. [PMID: 29195713 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the rate of generic users among HIV-infected patients treated by antiretroviral (ARV) drugs potentially substitutable and to determine factors associated with switch from brand to generic ARV in real-life settings in a French region. METHODS Cohort of HIV-infected patients aged of ≥18 years, exposed to at least one of the generic of lamivudine (3TC-150mg/300mg), zidovudine/lamivudine (AZT-200mg/3TC-150mg), nevirapine (NVP-200mg), efavirenz (EFV-600mg) and those exposed to brand 3TC, AZT/3TC, NVP, EFV, the fixed-dose combination abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) or the single-tablet regimen efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir (EFV/FTC/TDF) as recorded in the French health insurance database between January 2012 and May 2015 were included. Factors associated with switch (for each generic versus its brand drug; and for situation requiring breaking the combination) were investigated through a logistic regression. RESULTS Among the 1539 patients likely to switch from brand ARV drugs, only 165 (11%) were exposed to generics. For EFV users, switch from brand to generic was associated with age (aOR=1.04 [CI: 1.00-1.08]). For ABC/3TC users, switch was significantly more frequent in patients receiving a monthly average of more than two non-ARV drugs (3.08 [1.42-6.68]) and whose regimen contained a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) as index medication (3rd agent) (5.68 [2.68-11.39]). By contrast, switch was less frequent in AZT/3TC users exposed to drugs used in digestive disorders (0.39 [0.18-0.88]) or analgesics (0.42 [0.20-0.90]). CONCLUSION Treatment-experienced HIV patients whose disease has been stabilized (less comorbidities) are more likely to switch to generic antiretroviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rwagitinywa
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie médicale et clinique, faculté de médecine, CHU de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France; UMR Inserm 1027, faculté de médecine, university Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie médicale et clinique, faculté de médecine, CHU de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France; UMR Inserm 1027, faculté de médecine, university Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France; CIC 1436, Toulouse university hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Robert Bourrel
- Direction de l'échelon médical, Caisse nationale d'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés (CNAMTS), 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Sommet
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie médicale et clinique, faculté de médecine, CHU de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France; UMR Inserm 1027, faculté de médecine, university Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France; CIC 1436, Toulouse university hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Kieran JA, O'Reilly E, O'Dea S, Bergin C, O'Leary A. Generic substitution of antiretrovirals: patients' and health care providers' opinions. Int J STD AIDS 2017. [PMID: 28632475 PMCID: PMC5606299 DOI: 10.1177/0956462417696215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is interest in introducing generic antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) into high-income countries in order to maximise efficiency in health care budgets. Studies examining patients' and providers' knowledge and attitudes to generic substitution in HIV are few. This was a cross-sectional, observational study with a convenience sample of adult HIV-infected patients and health care providers (HCPs). Data on demographics, knowledge of generic medicine and facilitators of generic substitution were collected. Descriptive and univariate analysis was performed using SPSS V.23™. Questionnaires were completed by 66 patients. Seventy-one per cent would have no concerns with the introduction of generic ARVs. An increase in frequency of administration (61%) or pill burden (53%) would make patients less likely to accept generic ARVs. There were 30 respondents to the HCP survey. Concerns included the supply chain of generics, loss of fixed dose combinations, adherence and use of older medications. An increase in dosing frequency (76%) or an increase in pill burden (50%) would make HCPs less likely to prescribe a generic ARV. The main perceived advantage was financial. Generic substitution of ARVs would be acceptable to the majority of patients and HCPs. Reinvesting savings back into HIV services would facilitate the success of such a programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Kieran
- 1 Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious Disease, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,2 National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear O'Reilly
- 3 School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan O'Dea
- 1 Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious Disease, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Bergin
- 1 Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious Disease, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,4 Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling O'Leary
- 2 National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,3 School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Dunne SS. What Do Users of Generic Medicines Think of Them? A Systematic Review of Consumers’ and Patients’ Perceptions of, and Experiences with, Generic Medicines. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2016; 9:499-510. [DOI: 10.1007/s40271-016-0176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yazdanpanah Y, Schwarzinger M. Generic antiretroviral drugs and HIV care: An economic review. Med Mal Infect 2016; 46:67-71. [PMID: 26905394 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cost of HIV care in European countries is high. Direct medical costs, in France, have been estimated at 500,000 Euros per patient's lifetime (20,000 Euros/year/patient). Overall, 73% of these costs are related to antiretroviral treatments. In the current financial crisis context, some European countries are beginning to make economic decisions on the drugs to be used. These approaches are likely to become more frequent. It is obviously essential to prescribe the most effective, appropriate, best tolerated, and easy-to-use antiretroviral treatments to patients. However, while taking the above into consideration, and if various treatment options or combinations are available, cost should also be considered in the treatment choice. One may thus reflect on the use of generic antiretroviral agents as they have just been launched in France. We aimed to review the cost and cost-effectiveness of generic antiretroviral drugs and to review treatment strategies other than generic drugs that could help reduce HIV-related costs. HIV clinicians should consider treatment costs to avoid any future coercive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yazdanpanah
- UMR 1137, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France.
| | - M Schwarzinger
- UMR 1137, Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
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