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Le Coz C, Trofa M, Butler DL, Yoon S, Tian T, Reid W, Cruz Cabrera E, Knox AVC, Khanna C, Sullivan KE, Heimall J, Takach P, Fadugba OO, Lawrence M, Jyonouchi S, Hakonarson H, Wells AD, Handler S, Zur KB, Pillai V, Gildersleeve JC, Romberg N. The common variable immunodeficiency IgM repertoire narrowly recognizes erythrocyte and platelet glycans. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00418-4. [PMID: 38692308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune cytopenias (AICs) regularly occur in profoundly IgG-deficient patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The isotypes, antigenic targets, and origin(s) of their disease-causing autoantibodies are unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine reactivity, clonality, and provenance of AIC-associated IgM autoantibodies in patients with CVID. METHODS We used glycan arrays, patient erythrocytes, and platelets to determine targets of CVID IgM autoantibodies. Glycan-binding profiles were used to identify autoreactive clones across B-cell subsets, specifically circulating marginal zone (MZ) B cells, for sorting and IGH sequencing. The locations, transcriptomes, and responses of tonsillar MZ B cells to different TH- cell subsets were determined by confocal microscopy, RNA-sequencing, and cocultures, respectively. RESULTS Autoreactive IgM coated erythrocytes and platelets from many CVID patients with AICs (CVID+AIC). On glycan arrays, CVID+AIC plasma IgM narrowly recognized erythrocytic i antigens and platelet i-related antigens and failed to bind hundreds of pathogen- and tumor-associated carbohydrates. Polyclonal i antigen-recognizing B-cell receptors were highly enriched among CVID+AIC circulating MZ B cells. Within tonsillar tissues, MZ B cells secreted copious IgM when activated by the combination of IL-10 and IL-21 or when cultured with IL-10/IL-21-secreting FOXP3-CD25hi T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. In lymph nodes from immunocompetent controls, MZ B cells, plentiful FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, and rare FOXP3-CD25+ cells that represented likely CD25hi Tfh cells all localized outside of germinal centers. In CVID+AIC lymph nodes, cellular positions were similar but CD25hi Tfh cells greatly outnumbered regulatory cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that glycan-reactive IgM autoantibodies produced outside of germinal centers may contribute to the autoimmune pathogenesis of CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Le Coz
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Infinity, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Melissa Trofa
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Dorothy L Butler
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Md
| | - Samuel Yoon
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Tian Tian
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Whitney Reid
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Emylette Cruz Cabrera
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Ainsley V C Knox
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Caroline Khanna
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jennifer Heimall
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Patricia Takach
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Olajumoke O Fadugba
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Monica Lawrence
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Soma Jyonouchi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Steven Handler
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Karen B Zur
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Vinodh Pillai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Division of Hematopathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Md
| | - Neil Romberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
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Mader K, Dustin LB. Beyond bNAbs: Uses, Risks, and Opportunities for Therapeutic Application of Non-Neutralising Antibodies in Viral Infection. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:28. [PMID: 38651408 PMCID: PMC11036282 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of antibodies generated against a virus will be non-neutralising. However, this does not denote an absence of protective capacity. Yet, within the field, there is typically a large focus on antibodies capable of directly blocking infection (neutralising antibodies, NAbs) of either specific viral strains or multiple viral strains (broadly-neutralising antibodies, bNAbs). More recently, a focus on non-neutralising antibodies (nNAbs), or neutralisation-independent effects of NAbs, has emerged. These can have additive effects on protection or, in some cases, be a major correlate of protection. As their name suggests, nNAbs do not directly neutralise infection but instead, through their Fc domains, may mediate interaction with other immune effectors to induce clearance of viral particles or virally infected cells. nNAbs may also interrupt viral replication within infected cells. Developing technologies of antibody modification and functionalisation may lead to innovative biologics that harness the activities of nNAbs for antiviral prophylaxis and therapeutics. In this review, we discuss specific examples of nNAb actions in viral infections where they have known importance. We also discuss the potential detrimental effects of such responses. Finally, we explore new technologies for nNAb functionalisation to increase efficacy or introduce favourable characteristics for their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn B. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
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3
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Marglous S, Brown CE, Padler-Karavani V, Cummings RD, Gildersleeve JC. Serum antibody screening using glycan arrays. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2603-2642. [PMID: 38305761 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans and other animals produce a diverse collection of antibodies, many of which bind to carbohydrate chains, referred to as glycans. These anti-glycan antibodies are a critical part of our immune systems' defenses. Whether induced by vaccination or natural exposure to a pathogen, anti-glycan antibodies can provide protection against infections and cancers. Alternatively, when an immune response goes awry, antibodies that recognize self-glycans can mediate autoimmune diseases. In any case, serum anti-glycan antibodies provide a rich source of information about a patient's overall health, vaccination history, and disease status. Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput platform to rapidly interrogate serum anti-glycan antibodies and identify new biomarkers for a variety of conditions. In addition, glycan microarrays enable detailed analysis of the immune system's response to vaccines and other treatments. Herein we review applications of glycan microarray technology for serum anti-glycan antibody profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marglous
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Claire E Brown
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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Jayawickrama Withanage T, Krieger R, Wachtel E, Patchornik G. Efficient separation of IgG from IgM antibodies via conjugated surfactant micelles. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1226:123805. [PMID: 37354733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) (∼150 kDa) antibodies confer longer term immunity against bacterial or viral infections than the heavier IgM's (∼900 kDa), which are generally detectable in blood circulation in response to more recently acquired infections. There may be, however, a time overlap, which is problematic for diagnostic purposes, in the interests of which it is essential to separate IgM's from IgG's. We describe a purification platform, functioning at pH 6.5, containing Tween-20, or Brij-O20, non-ionic detergent micelles, mixed with the sugar-rich detergent dodecyl maltoside (DDM), amino acid monomer tyrosine (Tyr), and conjugated by the amphiphilic complex [(bathophenanthroline)3: Fe2+]. Using conjugated Brij-O20 micelles, with input molar ratio IgG: IgM 9:1, IgG is recovered at 10 °C with 85-90% yield, (by SDS-PAGE densitometry) and ≥95% purity (also by SDS-PAGE), while IgM's are recovered at lower yields (28-34%) and contain small amounts of co-extracted IgG's. Addition of E. coli lysate as an artificial contamination background does not reduce the yield or purity of the recovered IgG. Tween-20/DDM/Tyr micelles lead to IgG purity ≥95% similar to that of Brij-O20, but with lower process yields (64-70%, by densitometry). Chromatographic separation with Protein A or Protein G resins leads to yields comparable to those obtained with Brij-O20 micelles, but with lower purity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rami Krieger
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 70400 Ariel, Israel
| | - Ellen Wachtel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Patchornik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 70400 Ariel, Israel.
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Berre ML, Paulovčáková T, Verissimo CDM, Doyle S, Dalton JP, Masterson C, Martínez ER, Walsh L, Gormley C, Laffey JG, McNicholas B, Simpkin AJ, Kilcoyne M. A new multiplex SARS-CoV-2 antigen microarray showed correlation of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies from patients with COVID-19 disease severity and maintenance of relative IgA and IgM antigen binding over time. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283537. [PMID: 36996259 PMCID: PMC10062637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic spillover of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to humans in December 2019 caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Serological monitoring is critical for detailed understanding of individual immune responses to infection and protection to guide clinical therapeutic and vaccine strategies. We developed a high throughput multiplexed SARS-CoV-2 antigen microarray incorporating spike (S) and nucleocapsid protein (NP) and fragments expressed in various hosts which allowed simultaneous assessment of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM responses. Antigen glycosylation influenced antibody binding, with S glycosylation generally increasing and NP glycosylation decreasing binding. Purified antibody isotypes demonstrated a binding pattern and intensity different from the same isotype in whole serum, probably due to competition from the other isotypes present. Using purified antibody isotypes from naïve Irish COVID-19 patients, we correlated antibody isotype binding to different panels of antigens with disease severity, with binding to the S region S1 expressed in insect cells (S1 Sf21) significant for IgG, IgA, and IgM. Assessing longitudinal response for constant concentrations of purified antibody isotypes for a patient subset demonstrated that the relative proportion of antigen-specific IgGs decreased over time for severe disease, but the relative proportion of antigen-specific IgA binding remained at the same magnitude at 5 and 9 months post-first symptom onset. Further, the relative proportion of IgM binding decreased for S antigens but remained the same for NP antigens. This may support antigen-specific serum IgA and IgM playing a role in maintaining longer-term protection, important for developing and assessing vaccine strategies. Overall, these data demonstrate the multiplexed platform as a sensitive and useful platform for expanded humoral immunity studies, allowing detailed elucidation of antibody isotypes response against multiple antigens. This approach will be useful for monoclonal antibody therapeutic studies and screening of donor polyclonal antibodies for patient infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Le Berre
- Carbohydrate Signalling Group, Infectious Disease Section, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Terézia Paulovčáková
- Carbohydrate Signalling Group, Infectious Disease Section, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Carolina De Marco Verissimo
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Seán Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - John P. Dalton
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire Masterson
- School of Medicine, and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eduardo Ribes Martínez
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laura Walsh
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Gormley
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John G. Laffey
- School of Medicine, and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, Saolta University Hospital Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bairbre McNicholas
- School of Medicine, and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, Saolta University Hospital Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew J. Simpkin
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- Carbohydrate Signalling Group, Infectious Disease Section, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Lossos C, Nadji M, Lossos IS, Chapman JR. Casein Protein Block to Optimize Immunohistochemistry Detection of Surface Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Expression in Lymphoid Cells. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:132-134. [PMID: 36730123 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe our recent experience of studying expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain (IgG, IgM, and IgA) in lymphoid cells comprising a research set of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma samples. We found that using typical clinical automated immunohistochemistry protocols and usual buffers as blocking agents, the extent of undesirable staining was extreme and impaired our ability to interpret heavy chain Ig expression by individual lymphoid cells. We were not able to optimize this with serial dilutions in antibody concentration or time of primary antibody exposure. We therefore developed an added step of casein protein block, which solved the problem. We are not aware of other such reports in clinical or human research tissue sets and believe this solution may be useful when clinical pathologists or researchers encounter similar technical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lossos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - M Nadji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Izidore S Lossos
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
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7
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Zhang Y, Niu J, Zhang S, Si X, Bian TT, Wu H, Li D, Sun Y, Jia J, Xin E, Yan X, Li Y. Comparative study on the gastrointestinal- and immune- regulation functions of Hedysari Radix Paeparata Cum Melle and Astragali Radix Praeparata cum Melle in rats with spleen-qi deficiency, based on fuzzy matter-element analysis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1237-1254. [PMID: 35763552 PMCID: PMC9246251 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2086990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (HRPCM) and Astragali Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (ARPCM) are used interchangeably in clinics to treat spleen-qi deficiency (SQD) symptom mainly including gastrointestinal dysfunction and decreased immunity, which has unknown differences in efficacy. OBJECTIVE To investigate the differences between HRPCM and ARPCM on intervening gastrointestinal- and immune-function with SQD syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS After the SQD model was established, the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 10): normal; model; Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi Pills; 18.9, 12.6 and 6.3 g/kg dose groups of HRPCM and ARPCM. Gastrointestinal function including d-xylose, gastrin, amylase vasoactive intestinal peptide, motilin, pepsin, H+/K+-ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase, sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and immune function including spleen and thymus index, blood routine, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgA, IgG and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) were detected. Finally, the efficacy differences were analysed comprehensively by the fuzzy matter-element method. RESULTS In regulating immune, the doses differences in efficacy between HRPCM and ARPCM showed in the high-dose (18.9 g/kg), but there were no differences in the middle- and low- dose (12.6 and 6.37 g/kg); the efficacy differences were primarily reflected in levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IgM in serum, and the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IFN-γ in the spleen. In regulating gastrointestinal, the efficacy differences were primarily reflected in the levels of D-xylose, MTL, and GAS in serum, and the mRNA and protein expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in jejunum and ileum. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS HRPCM is more effective than ARPCM on regulating gastrointestinal function and immune function with SQD syndrome. Therefore, we propose that HRPCM should be mainly used to treat SQD syndrome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xinlei Si
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Tian-Tian Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Donghui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yujing Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Jia
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Erdan Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xingke Yan
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
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8
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Butler DL, Imberti L, Quaresima V, Fiorini C, Gildersleeve JC. Abnormal antibodies to self-carbohydrates in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac062. [PMID: 35865361 PMCID: PMC9291223 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our immune system is critical for preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infections, but aberrant immune responses can have deleterious effects. While antibodies to glycans could recognize the virus and influence the clinical outcome, little is known about their roles. Using a carbohydrate antigen microarray, we profiled serum antibodies in healthy control subjects and COVID-19 patients from two separate cohorts. COVID-19 patients had numerous autoantibodies to self-glycans, including antiganglioside antibodies that can cause neurological disorders. Additionally, nearly all antiglycan IgM signals were lower in COVID-19 patients, indicating a global dysregulation of this class of antibodies. Autoantibodies to certain N-linked glycans correlated with more severe disease, as did low levels of antibodies to the Forssman antigen and ovalbumin. Collectively, this study indicates that expanded testing for antiglycan antibodies could be beneficial for clinical analysis of COVID-19 patients and illustrates the importance of including host and viral carbohydrate antigens when studying immune responses to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy L Butler
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA) and Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Virginia Quaresima
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA) and Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA) and Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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9
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Olivera-Ardid S, Bello-Gil D, Tuzikov A, Araujo RN, Ferrero-Alves Y, García Figueroa BE, Labrador-Horrillo M, García-Pérez AL, Bovin N, Mañez R. Poly-L-Lysine-Based αGal-Glycoconjugates for Treating Anti-αGal IgE-Mediated Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873019. [PMID: 35432370 PMCID: PMC9009260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-αGal IgE antibodies mediate a spreading allergic condition known as αGal-syndrome (AGS). People exposed to hard tick bites are sensitized to αGal, producing elevated levels of anti-αGal IgE, which are responsible for AGS. This work presents an immunotherapy based on polymeric αGal-glycoconjugates for potentially treating allergic disorders by selectively inhibiting anti-αGal IgE antibodies. We synthesized a set of αGal-glycoconjugates, based on poly-L-lysine of different degrees of polymerization (DP1000, DP600, and DP100), to specifically inhibit in vitro the anti-αGal IgE antibodies in the serum of αGal-sensitized patients (n=13). Moreover, an animal model for αGal sensitization in GalT-KO mice was developed by intradermal administration of hard tick' salivary gland extract, mimicking the sensitization mechanism postulated in humans. The in vitro exposure to all polymeric glycoconjugates (5-10-20-50-100 µg/mL) mainly inhibited anti-αGal IgE and IgM isotypes, with a lower inhibition effect on the IgA and IgG, respectively. We demonstrated a differential anti-αGal isotype inhibition as a function of the length of the poly-L-lysine and the number of αGal residues exposed in the glycoconjugates. These results defined a minimum of 27 αGal residues to inhibit most of the induced anti-αGal IgE in vitro. Furthermore, the αGal-glycoconjugate DP1000-RA0118 (10 mg/kg sc.) showed a high capacity to remove the anti-αGal IgE antibodies (≥75% on average) induced in GalT-KO mice, together with similar inhibition for circulating anti-αGal IgG and IgM. Our study suggests the potential clinical use of poly-L-lysine-based αGal-glycoconjugates for treating allergic disorders mediated by anti-αGal IgE antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Olivera-Ardid
- RemAb Therapeutics, Mòdul de Recerca B, UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Bello-Gil
- RemAb Therapeutics, Mòdul de Recerca B, UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Tuzikov
- Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ricardo N. Araujo
- Laboratório de Artrópodes Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yara Ferrero-Alves
- RemAb Therapeutics, Mòdul de Recerca B, UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Esther García Figueroa
- MEGA: Asthma Inception and Progression Mechanisms, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de investigación sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- ARADyAL Research Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Moisés Labrador-Horrillo
- ARADyAL Research Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Spain
- Immunomediated Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana L. García-Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Vasco de Investigación de Desarrollo Agrario (NEIKER), Derio, Spain
| | - Nicolai Bovin
- Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Rafael Mañez
- RemAb Therapeutics, Mòdul de Recerca B, UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Grupo Inmunidad Innata y Patología del Paciente Crítico, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Rodrigues JP, Junior HFDA. Efficiency of a Single well IgG, IgM and IgA Anti T. gondii Fluorimetric Assay for Pre-natal Screening for Congenital Toxoplasmosis. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:661-667. [PMID: 35032281 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, worldwide protozoan disease, is usually benign, except when acute disease occurs in pregnant women, resulting in fetal infection with deaths or high morbidity after birth. Treatment blocks fetal infection or damage after infection, imposing a quick and effective diagnosis. Maternal infection is mostly asymptomatic thus regular serology are the main tool for detect seroconversion and acute infection in prenatal care. Screening test for specific anti T. gondii IgG, IgM and IgA must be quick, cheaper and available for the prenatal care. Fluorescent solid phase assays appears as a good alternative as they allow one well detection of IgG and IgM aside to allow high throughput in 384 wells. Here, we standardize and analyze a single well anti-T. gondii IgG, IgM and IgA immunosorbent fluorescent assay in a large sample of a public hospital. We construct conjugates for each immunoglobulin with specific fluorophores, which allows concomitant detection in a microplate fluorimeter, with stability and reproducibility, allowing cheaper 384 wells use. Tested in our 600 mother samples from a large public hospital, they presented the same reactivity as standard routine tests, but with adequate IgM and IgA screening, as adequately standardized in house ELISA, while the design of most commercial assays give false positive results. The few TFISA positive IgG, IgM and IgA samples also had low avidity IgG, confirming recent infection. TFISA will help a screening toxoplasmosis in pregnancy program in large cities, with , allowing testing large numbers of samples at low cost and must be considered for other serological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Polizeli Rodrigues
- Lab. Protozoology, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pathology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heitor Franco de Andrade Junior
- Lab. Protozoology, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Pathology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Paulovičová E, Hrubiško M. Humoral immune responses against facultative pathogen Candida utilis in atopic patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Candida utilis glucomannan - New serologic biomarker. Immunobiology 2021; 227:152154. [PMID: 34826687 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most commonly reported female genital tract infections, affecting approximately 70-75% of childbearing age women at least once during their lifetime. Approximately 50% of patients have refractory episodes and in 5-10% of cases the disease has a chronic course. The fungal cell wall represents the important host-invader interface. Cell-wall polysaccharides represent biological response modifiers and the pathogen-associated molecular patterns and virulence factors. Glycans are sensed by germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors and reactively participate in immune system cell signaling. The most dominant cell-wall antigenic structures of Candida species as ß-glucan, α- and ß-mannans, glucomannan and other immunogenic polysaccharides are of particular relevancy for specific in vitro diagnosis and long-term follow-up of the Candida infection. In this study we assessed the immunobiological activity of facultative pathogen Candida utilis cell glucomannan and its effectivity as in vitro serological marker for antibody testing. The novel serologic assay has been developed and optimized for C. utilis serodiagnosis. The comparison assays were performed to establish relationship between antibodies against C. utilis, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae main cell-wall antigens in patient sera. The study evaluates applicability of glucomannan as serodiagnostic antigen and as a trigger of antigenspecific IgG, IgM and IgA antibody isotypes in the cohort of 35 atopic female subjects with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Statistically significant sera values of specific anti-glycan IgM and IgA class antibodies were revealed. The results are suggestive for efficient serological application of C.utilis glucomannan as in vitro disease marker and prospectively for follow-up of the specific long-term antimycotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Paulovičová
- Immunol. & Cell Culture Labs, Dept. Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Center for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - M Hrubiško
- Dept. Clin. Immunol .and Allergy, Oncology Institute of St. Elisabeth and Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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12
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Bentall A, Jeyakanthan M, Braitch M, Cairo CW, Lowary TL, Maier S, Halpin A, Motyka B, Zou L, West LJ, Ball S. Characterization of ABH-subtype donor-specific antibodies in ABO-A-incompatible kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:3649-3662. [PMID: 34101982 PMCID: PMC8597088 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ABO-incompatible (ABOi) transplantation requires preemptive antibody reduction; however, the relationship between antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and ABO-antibodies, quantified by hemagglutination (HA), is inconsistent, possibly reflecting variable graft resistance to AMR or HA assay limitations. Using an ABH-glycan microarray, we quantified ABO-A antigen-subtype (A-subtype)-specific IgM and IgG in 53 ABO-O recipients of ABO-A kidneys, before and after antibody removal (therapeutic plasma exchange [TPE] or ABO-A-trisaccharide immunoadsorption [IA]) and 1-year posttransplant. IgM binding to all A-subtypes correlated highly (R2 ≥ .90) and A-subtype antibody specificities was reduced equally by IA versus TPE. IgG binding to the A-subtypes (II-IV) expressed in kidney correlated poorly (.27 ≤ R2 ≤ .69). Reduction of IgG specific to A-subtype-II was equivalent for IA and TPE, whereas IgG specific to A-subtypes-III/IV was not as greatly reduced by IA (p < .005). One-year posttransplant, IgG specific to A-II remained the most reduced antibody. Immunostaining revealed only A-II on vascular endothelium but A-subtypes II-III/IV on tubular epithelium. These results show that ABO-A-trisaccharide is sufficient for IgM binding to all A-subtypes; this is true for IgG binding to A-II, but not subtypes-III/IV, which exhibits varying degrees of specificity. We identify A-II as the major, but importantly not the sole, antigen relevant to treatment and immune modulation in adult ABO-A-incompatible kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bentall
- Department of NephrologyUniversity HospitalBirminghamUK,Division of Nephrology and HypertensionMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Mylvaganam Jeyakanthan
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryJames Cook University HospitalMiddlesbroughUK,Department of PediatricsUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | | | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Stephanie Maier
- Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research ProgramUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Anne Halpin
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada,Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research ProgramUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Bruce Motyka
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada,Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research ProgramUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Lu Zou
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Lori J. West
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada,Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research ProgramUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada,Department of SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada,Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Simon Ball
- Department of NephrologyUniversity HospitalBirminghamUK,School of Immunity and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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13
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Aparecida de Carvalho C, Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto R, Regina Meireles L, Franco de Andrade Júnior H. Serum antibodies blocked by glycan antigens in canine visceral leishmaniasis serology are mostly IgA immune complexes. Parasitology 2021; 148:1509-1515. [PMID: 34218828 PMCID: PMC11010178 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Immune complexes (ICs) are found in canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and interfere with the serum detection of antibodies. Dissociation of these monovalent complexes by dissociative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) removes false-negative results and allows some characterization of antibodies and antigens. We studied the serology of dogs with suspected CVL in an endemic area, testing two Leishmania (Leishmania) [L. (L.)] infantum antigens. We analysed the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies specific to promastigote soluble extract (PSE) and low-molecular weight glycans (glycan–bovine serum albumin (BSA) complex – GBC) by conventional and dissociative ELISA. Our results showed a significant fraction of IgA ICs (46.5% for PSE and 47.6% for GBC), followed by IgG ICs (10% for PSE and 23.5% for GBC). IgM ICs were more frequent for PSE (22.7%). Hypergammaglobulinaemia in CVL would be related to the presence of IgA and IgG ICs, resulting in deficient elimination of these antibodies. Our data confirmed the presence of ICs that can generate false-negative results in conventional serology. The production of IgA antibodies and the high frequency of blockade by glycan antigens suggest the active participation of this immunoglobulin and its ICs in the immunopathology of CVL, indicating a new path for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Aparecida de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Protozoologia – Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia – Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo – SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto
- Laboratório de Parasitoses Sistêmicas – Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 355, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo – SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Regina Meireles
- Laboratório de Protozoologia – Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Heitor Franco de Andrade Júnior
- Laboratório de Protozoologia – Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia – Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo – SP, Brazil
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14
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Tikhonov A, Smoldovskaya O, Feyzkhanova G, Kushlinskii N, Rubina A. Glycan-specific antibodies as potential cancer biomarkers: a focus on microarray applications. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:1611-1622. [PMID: 32324152 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications of proteins and lipids. In the case of tumors, cell transformation accompanied by aberrant glycosylation results in the expression of tumor-associated glycans that promote tumor invasion. As part of the innate immunity, anti-glycan antibodies recognize tumor-associated glycans, and these antibodies can be present in the bloodstream in the early stages of cancer. Recently, anti-glycan antibody profiles have been of interest in various cancer studies. Novel advantages in the field of analytical techniques have simplified the analysis of anti-glycan antibodies and made it easier to have more comprehensive knowledge about their functions. One of the robust approaches for studying anti-glycan antibodies engages in microarray technology. The analysis of glycan microarrays can provide more expanded information to simultaneously specify or suggest the role of antibodies to a wide variety of glycans in the progression of different diseases, therefore making it possible to identify new biomarkers for diagnosing cancer and/or the state of the disease. Thus, in this review, we discuss antibodies to various glycans, their application for diagnosing cancer and one of the most promising tools for the investigation of these molecules, microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Tikhonov
- Laboratory of Biological Microchips, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Smoldovskaya
- Laboratory of Biological Microchips, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Guzel Feyzkhanova
- Laboratory of Biological Microchips, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Kushlinskii
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Federal State Budgetary Institution «N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology» оf the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla Rubina
- Laboratory of Biological Microchips, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Anti-glycan antibodies: roles in human disease. Biochem J 2021; 478:1485-1509. [PMID: 33881487 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding antibodies play diverse and critical roles in human health. Endogenous carbohydrate-binding antibodies that recognize bacterial, fungal, and other microbial carbohydrates prevent systemic infections and help maintain microbiome homeostasis. Anti-glycan antibodies can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. For example, alloantibodies to ABO blood group carbohydrates can help reduce the spread of some infectious diseases, but they also impose limitations for blood transfusions. Antibodies that recognize self-glycans can contribute to autoimmune diseases, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome. In addition to endogenous antibodies that arise through natural processes, a variety of vaccines induce anti-glycan antibodies as a primary mechanism of protection. Some examples of approved carbohydrate-based vaccines that have had a major impact on human health are against pneumococcus, Haemophilus influeanza type b, and Neisseria meningitidis. Monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting pathogen associated or tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are used clinically for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This review aims to highlight some of the well-studied and critically important applications of anti-carbohydrate antibodies.
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16
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Lardone RD, Garay YC, Parodi P, de la Fuente S, Angeloni G, Bravo EO, Schmider AK, Irazoqui FJ. How glycobiology can help us treat and beat the COVID-19 pandemic. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100375. [PMID: 33548227 PMCID: PMC7857991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged during the last months of 2019, spreading throughout the world as a highly transmissible infectious illness designated as COVID-19. Vaccines have now appeared, but the challenges in producing sufficient material and distributing them around the world means that effective treatments to limit infection and improve recovery are still urgently needed. This review focuses on the relevance of different glycobiological molecules that could potentially serve as or inspire therapeutic tools during SARS-CoV-2 infection. As such, we highlight the glycobiology of the SARS-CoV-2 infection process, where glycans on viral proteins and on host glycosaminoglycans have critical roles in efficient infection. We also take notice of the glycan-binding proteins involved in the infective capacity of virus and in human defense. In addition, we critically evaluate the glycobiological contribution of candidate drugs for COVID-19 therapy such as glycans for vaccines, anti-glycan antibodies, recombinant lectins, lectin inhibitors, glycosidase inhibitors, polysaccharides, and numerous glycosides, emphasizing some opportunities to repurpose FDA-approved drugs. For the next-generation drugs suggested here, biotechnological engineering of new probes to block the SARS-CoV-2 infection might be based on the essential glycobiological insight on glycosyltransferases, glycans, glycan-binding proteins, and glycosidases related to this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo D Lardone
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yohana C Garay
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro Parodi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sofia de la Fuente
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Genaro Angeloni
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo O Bravo
- Medicina Interna, Nuevo Hospital San Roque, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Anneke K Schmider
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychiatrische Klinik Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Fernando J Irazoqui
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
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17
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Kappler K, Restin T, Lasanajak Y, Smith DF, Bassler D, Hennet T. Limited Neonatal Carbohydrate-Specific Antibody Repertoire Consecutive to Partial Prenatal Transfer of Maternal Antibodies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:573629. [PMID: 33162988 PMCID: PMC7591393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the prominence of carbohydrate-specific antibodies in human sera, data on their emergence and antigen specificities are limited. Whereas maternal IgG are transferred prenatally to the fetal circulation, IgM present in cord blood originate from fetal B lymphocytes. Considering the limited exposure of the fetus to foreign antigens, we assessed the repertoire of carbohydrate-specific antibodies in human cord blood and matched maternal blood samples using glycan arrays. Carbohydrate-specific IgM was absent in cord blood, whereas low cord blood IgG reactivity to glycans was detectable. Comparing IgG reactivities of matched pairs, we observed a general lack of correlation in the antigen specificity of IgG from cord blood and maternal blood due to a selective exclusion of most carbohydrate-specific IgG from maternofetal transfer. Given the importance of intestinal bacteria in inducing carbohydrate-specific antibodies, we analyzed global antibody specificities toward commensal bacteria. Similar IgG reactivities to specific Bacteroides species were detected in matched cord and maternal blood samples, thus pointing to an efficient maternal transfer of anti-microbial IgG. Due to the observed selectivity in maternofetal IgG transfer, the lack of fetal antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes is only partially compensated by maternal IgG, thus resulting in a weak response to carbohydrate antigens in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Restin
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David F Smith
- Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dirk Bassler
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Matricardi PM, Dal Negro RW, Nisini R. The first, holistic immunological model of COVID-19: Implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:454-470. [PMID: 32359201 PMCID: PMC7267459 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is extremely variable, ranging from asymptomatic or mild infection, mainly in children, to multi-organ failure, eventually fatal, mainly in the eldest. We propose here the first model explaining how the outcome of first, crucial 10-15 days after infection, depends on the balance between the cumulative dose of viral exposure and the efficacy of the local innate immune response (natural IgA and IgM antibodies, mannose-binding lectin). If SARS-CoV-2 runs the blockade of this innate immunity and spreads from the upper airways to the alveoli in the early phases of the infections, it can replicate with no local resistance, causing pneumonia and releasing high amounts of antigens. The delayed and strong adaptive immune response (high-affinity IgM and IgG antibodies) that follows, causes severe inflammation and triggers mediator cascades (complement, coagulation, and cytokine storm), leading to complications often requiring intensive therapy and being, in some patients, fatal. Low-moderate physical activity can still be recommended. However, extreme physical activity and oral breathing with hyperventilation during the incubation days and early stages of COVID-19 facilitates re-inhalation and early direct penetration of high numbers of own virus particles in the lower airways and the alveoli, without impacting on the airway's mucosae covered by neutralizing antibodies ("viral auto-inhalation" phenomenon). This allows the virus to bypass the efficient immune barrier of the upper airway mucosa in already infected, young, and otherwise healthy athletes. In conclusion, whether the virus or the adaptive immune response reaches the lungs first is a crucial factor deciding the fate of the patient. This "quantitative and time-/sequence-dependent" model has several implications for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of COVID-19 at all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Maria Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care MedicineCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Roberto Nisini
- Unit of ImmunologyDipartimento di Malattie InfettiveIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
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19
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Blsakova A, Kveton F, Kasak P, Tkac J. Antibodies against aberrant glycans as cancer biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:1057-1068. [PMID: 31665948 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1687295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The review provides a comprehensive overview about applicability of serological detection of autoantibodies against aberrant glycans as cancer biomarkers.Areas covered: Clinical usefulness of autoantibodies as cancer biomarkers is discussed for seven types of cancers with sensitivity and specificity of such biomarkers provided. Moreover, an option of using serological antibodies against a non-natural form of sialic acid - N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which is taken into our bodies together with red meat, as a potential cancer biomarker is discussed shortly as well.Expert opinion: In the final part of the review, we discuss what measures need to be applied for selective implementation of autoantibody assays into a clinical practice. Moreover, we discuss key challenges ahead for reliable and robust detection of autoantibodies against aberrant glycans as biomarkers for disease diagnostics and for stratification of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Blsakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Filip Kveton
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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20
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Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Schneider C, Yu H, Bashir S, Chen X, von Gunten S, Padler-Karavani V. Differential Recognition of Diet-Derived Neu5Gc-Neoantigens on Glycan Microarrays by Carbohydrate-Specific Pooled Human IgG and IgA Antibodies. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1565-1574. [PMID: 30994337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) cover vertebrate cell surface glycans. N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its hydroxylated form N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) are common Sia in mammals. Humans cannot synthesize Neu5Gc but accumulate it on cells through red-meat rich diets, generating numerous immunogenic Neu5Gc-neoantigens. Consequently, humans have diverse anti-Neu5Gc antibodies affecting xenotransplantation, cancer, atherosclerosis, and infertility. Anti-Neu5Gc antibodies circulate as IgG, IgM, and IgA isotypes; however, repertoires of the different isotypes in a large population have not been studied yet. Here, we used glycan microarrays to investigate anti-Neu5Gc IgGs and IgAs in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or pooled human IgA, respectively. Binding patterns on microarrays fabricated with Neu5Gc- and Neu5Ac-glycans, together with inhibition assays, revealed that different IVIG preparations have highly specific anti-Neu5Gc IgG reactivity with closely related repertoires, while IgAs show cross-reactivity against several Neu5Ac-glycans. Such different anti-Neu5Gc IgG/IgA repertoires in individuals could possibly mediate distinctive effects on human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | | | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Salam Bashir
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Stephan von Gunten
- Institute of Pharmacology , University of Bern , Bern 3010 , Switzerland
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
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21
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Perry H, Bovin N, Henry S. A standardized kodecyte method to quantify ABO antibodies in undiluted plasma of patients before ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation. Transfusion 2019; 59:2131-2140. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Perry
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental SciencesAuckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative TechnologiesAuckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | - Nicolai Bovin
- Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative TechnologiesAuckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Stephen Henry
- Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative TechnologiesAuckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
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22
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Taghavian O, Jain A, Joyner CJ, Ketchum S, Nakajima R, Jasinskas A, Liang L, Fong R, King C, Greenhouse B, Murphy M, Bailey J, Galinski MR, Barnwell JW, Plowe CV, Davies DH, Felgner PL. Antibody Profiling by Proteome Microarray with Multiplex Isotype Detection Reveals Overlap between Human and Aotus nancymaae Controlled Malaria Infections. Proteomics 2019; 18. [PMID: 29266845 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of vaccines against malaria and serodiagnostic tests for detecting recent exposure requires tools for antigen discovery and suitable animal models. The protein microarray is a high-throughput, sample sparing technique, with applications in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, epidemiology, and vaccine development. We recently demonstrated Qdot-based indirect immunofluorescence together with portable optical imager ArrayCAM using single isotype detection could replicate data using the conventional laser confocal scanner system. We developed a multiplexing protocol for simultaneous detection of IgG, IgA, and IgM and compared samples from a controlled human malaria infection model with those from controlled malaria infections of Aotus nancymaae, a widely used non-human primate model of human malaria. IgG profiles showed the highest concordance in number of reactive antigens; thus, of the 139 antigens recognized by human IgG antibody, 111 were also recognized by Aotus monkeys. Interestingly, IgA profiles were largely non-overlapping. Finally, on the path toward wider deployment of the portable platform, we show excellent correlations between array data obtained in five independent laboratories around the United States using the multiplexing protocol (R2 : 0.60-0.92). This study supports the use of this platform for wider deployment, particularly in endemic areas where such a tool will have the greatest impact on global human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Taghavian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chester J Joyner
- International Center for Malaria Research, Education and Development, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Rie Nakajima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Algis Jasinskas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rich Fong
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason Bailey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary R Galinski
- International Center for Malaria Research, Education and Development, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John W Barnwell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher V Plowe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Huw Davies
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Philip L Felgner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Durbin S, Wright WS, Gildersleeve JC. Development of a Multiplex Glycan Microarray Assay and Comparative Analysis of Human Serum Anti-Glycan IgA, IgG, and IgM Repertoires. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16882-16891. [PMID: 30613809 PMCID: PMC6312630 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Serum antibodies that recognize carbohydrate antigens play a fundamental role in immune defense, homeostasis, and autoimmunity. In addition, they serve as potential biomarkers for a variety of medical applications. For most anti-glycan antibodies found in human serum, however, the origins, regulation, and biological significance are not well understood. Antibody subpopulations that are relevant to a particular biological process or disease are often difficult to identify from the myriad of anti-glycan antibodies present in human serum. While prior studies have examined anti-glycan IgG and/or IgM repertoires, little is known about IgA repertoires or how IgA, IgG, and IgM are related. In this study, we describe the development of a multiplex assay to simultaneously detect IgA, IgG, and IgM on a glycan microarray and its application to studying anti-glycan repertoires in healthy subjects. The multiplex glycan microarray assay revealed unique insights and systems-level relationships that would be difficult to uncover using traditional approaches. In particular, we found that anti-glycan IgA, IgG, and IgM expression levels appear to be tightly regulated, coordinated within individuals, and stable over time. Additionally, our results help define natural fluctuations over time, which is critical for identifying changes that are beyond normal biological variation.
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Immunoenhancement of Edible Fungal Polysaccharides (Lentinan, Tremellan, and Pachymaran) on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mouse Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9459156. [PMID: 29358974 PMCID: PMC5735705 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9459156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fungal polysaccharides display a variety of important biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immune-stimulating activities. The aim of present study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of fungal polysaccharides on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. Mice were pretreated orally with lentinan, tremellan, pachymaran, or a mixture of the three, respectively. The results showed that pretreatments with polysaccharides significantly increased the thymus index in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mice. The level of the cytokine IL-10 in sera of cyclophosphamide-induced mice was decreased after pretreatments of polysaccharides. Flow cytometry results showed that pretreatments with polysaccharides enhanced the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages in mice. The increased levels of serum antibody IgG and IgM were observed in the groups pretreated with polysaccharides. Our work demonstrated that the treatment of polysaccharides elicited strong immune activity and a protective effect against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression.
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25
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Structure–function relationships of protein–lipopeptide complexes and influence on immunogenicity. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1691-1704. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kveton F, Blšáková A, Hushegyi A, Damborsky P, Blixt O, Jansson B, Tkac J. Optimization of the Small Glycan Presentation for Binding a Tumor-Associated Antibody: Application to the Construction of an Ultrasensitive Glycan Biosensor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2709-2716. [PMID: 28248511 PMCID: PMC5659382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of the study was to optimize the interfacial presentation of a small antigen-a Tn antigen (N-acetylgalactosamine)-for binding to its analyte anti-Tn antibody. Three different methods for the interfacial display of a small glycan are compared here, including two methods based on the immobilization of the Tn antigen on a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) (2D biosensor) and the third one utilizing a layer of a human serum albumin (HSA) for the immobilization of a glycan forming a 3D interface. Results showed that the 3D interface with the immobilized Tn antigen is the most effective bioreceptive surface for binding its analyte. The 3D impedimetric glycan biosensor exhibited a limit of detection of 1.4 aM, a wide linear range (6 orders of magnitude), and high assay reproducibility with an average relative standard deviation of 4%. The buildup of an interface was optimized using various techniques with the visualization of the glycans on the biosensor surface by atomic force microscopy. The study showed that the 3D biosensor is not only the most sensitive compared to other two biosensor platforms but that the Tn antigen on the 3D biosensor surface is more accessible for antibody binding with better kinetics of binding (t50% = 137 s, t50% = the time needed to attain 50% of a steady-state signal) compared to the 2D biosensor configuration with t50% = 354 s. The 3D glycan biosensor was finally applied for the analysis of a human serum sample spiked with an analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kveton
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Blšáková
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andras Hushegyi
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Damborsky
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ola Blixt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1871
Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Jansson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical
Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, SE 221 85 Sweden
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
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27
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Whole-Cell Cancer Vaccines Induce Large Antibody Responses to Carbohydrates and Glycoproteins. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1515-1525. [PMID: 27889407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whole-cell cancer vaccines are a promising strategy for treating cancer, but the characteristics of a favorable immune response are not fully understood. New insights could enable development of better vaccines, discovery of new antigens, and identification of biomarkers of efficacy. Using glyco-antigen microarrays, we demonstrate that GVAX Pancreas (a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-modified whole-cell tumor vaccine) induces large immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M responses to many antigens, including tumor-associated carbohydrates, blood group antigens, α-Gal, and bovine fetuin. Antibody responses to α-Gal, a glycan found in fetal bovine serum (FBS) used to produce the vaccine, correlated inversely with overall survival and appear to compete with productive responses to the vaccine. H1299 lysate vaccine, produced with FBS, also induced responses to α-Gal and fetuin but not K562-GM, which is produced in serum-free medium. Our results provide new potential biomarkers to evaluate productive/unproductive immune responses and suggest that removal/reduction of FBS could improve the efficacy of whole-cell vaccines.
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28
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Varki A. Biological roles of glycans. Glycobiology 2016; 27:3-49. [PMID: 27558841 PMCID: PMC5884436 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1453] [Impact Index Per Article: 181.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to host glycans has also been studied for decades. But such biological roles can only explain some of the remarkable complexity and organismal diversity of glycans in nature. Reviewing the subject about two decades ago, one could find very few clear-cut instances of glycan-recognition-specific biological roles of glycans that were of intrinsic value to the organism expressing them. In striking contrast there is now a profusion of examples, such that this updated review cannot be comprehensive. Instead, a historical overview is presented, broad principles outlined and a few examples cited, representing diverse types of roles, mediated by various glycan classes, in different evolutionary lineages. What remains unchanged is the fact that while all theories regarding biological roles of glycans are supported by compelling evidence, exceptions to each can be found. In retrospect, this is not surprising. Complex and diverse glycans appear to be ubiquitous to all cells in nature, and essential to all life forms. Thus, >3 billion years of evolution consistently generated organisms that use these molecules for many key biological roles, even while sometimes coopting them for minor functions. In this respect, glycans are no different from other major macromolecular building blocks of life (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids), simply more rapidly evolving and complex. It is time for the diverse functional roles of glycans to be fully incorporated into the mainstream of biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
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29
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ABO blood type correlates with survival on prostate cancer vaccine therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32244-56. [PMID: 26338967 PMCID: PMC4741674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies for cancer are transforming patient care, but clinical responses vary considerably from patient to patient. Simple, inexpensive strategies to target treatment to likely responders could substantially improve efficacy while simultaneously reducing health care costs, but identification of reliable biomarkers has proven challenging. Previously, we found that pre-treatment serum IgM to blood group A (BG-A) correlated with survival for patients treated with PROSTVAC-VF, a therapeutic cancer vaccine in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of prostate cancer. These results suggested that ABO blood type might influence efficacy. Unfortunately, blood types were not available in the clinical records for all but 8 patients and insufficient amounts of sera were left for standard blood typing methods. To test the hypothesis, therefore, we developed a new glycan microarray-based method for determining ABO blood type. The method requires only 4 μL of serum, provides 97% accuracy, and allows simultaneous profiling of many other serum anti-glycan antibodies. After validation with 220 healthy subjects of known blood type, the method was then applied to 74 PROSTVAC-VF patients and 37 control patients from a phase II trial. In this retrospective study, we found that type B and O PROSTVAC-VF patients demonstrated markedly improved clinical outcomes relative to A and AB patients, including longer median survival, longer median survival relative to Halabi predicted survival, and improved overall survival via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (p = 0.006). Consequently, blood type may provide an inexpensive screen to pre-select patients likely to benefit from PROSTVAC-VF therapy.
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30
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Geissner A, Seeberger PH. Glycan Arrays: From Basic Biochemical Research to Bioanalytical and Biomedical Applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:223-47. [PMID: 27306309 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A major branch of glycobiology and glycan-focused biomedicine studies the interaction between carbohydrates and other biopolymers, most importantly, glycan-binding proteins. Today, this research into glycan-biopolymer interaction is unthinkable without glycan arrays, tools that enable high-throughput analysis of carbohydrate interaction partners. Glycan arrays offer many applications in basic biochemical research, for example, defining the specificity of glycosyltransferases and lectins such as immune receptors. Biomedical applications include the characterization and surveillance of influenza strains, identification of biomarkers for cancer and infection, and profiling of immune responses to vaccines. Here, we review major applications of glycan arrays both in basic and applied research. Given the dynamic nature of this rapidly developing field, we focus on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
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31
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Shukla S, Dorand RD, Myers JT, Woods SE, Gulati NM, Stewart PL, Commandeur U, Huang AY, Steinmetz NF. Multiple Administrations of Viral Nanoparticles Alter in Vivo Behavior-Insights from Intravital Microscopy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:829-837. [PMID: 28752131 PMCID: PMC5526635 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple administrations of nanoparticle-based formulations are often a clinical requirement for drug delivery and diagnostic imaging applications. Steady pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles is desirable to achieve efficient therapeutic or diagnostic outcomes over such repeat administrations. While clearance through mononuclear phagocytic system is a key determinant of nanoparticle persistence in vivo, multiple administrations could potentially result in altered pharmacokinetics by evoking innate or adaptive immune responses. Plant viral nanoparticles (VNPs) represent an emerging class of programmable nanoparticle platform technologies that offer a highly organized proteinaceous architecture and multivalency for delivery of large payloads of drugs and molecular contrast agents. These very structural features also render them susceptible to immune recognition and subsequent accelerated systemic clearance that could potentially affect overall efficiency. While the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of VNPs have been reported, the biological response following repeat administrations remains an understudied area of investigation. Here, we demonstrate that weekly administration of filamentous plant viruses results in the generation of increasing levels of circulating, carrier-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. Furthermore, PVX specific immunoglobulins from the serum of immunized animals quickly form aggregates when incubated with PVX in vitro. Such aggregates of VNP-immune complexes are also observed in the mouse vasculature in vivo following repeat injections when imaged in real time using intravital two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2P-LSM). The size of aggregates diminishes at later time points, coinciding with antibody class switching from IgM to IgG. Together, our results highlight the need for careful in vivo assessment of (viral) nanoparticle-based platform technologies, especially in studying their performance after repeat administration. We also demonstrate the utility of intravital microscopy to aid in this evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - R Dixon Dorand
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jay T Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sarah E Woods
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Neetu M Gulati
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Phoebe L Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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32
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Dias JT, Lama L, Gantelius J, Andersson-Svahn H. Minimizing antibody cross-reactivity in multiplex detection of biomarkers in paper-based point-of-care assays. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:8195-8201. [PMID: 27030365 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly multiplexed immunoassays could allow convenient screening of hundreds or thousands of protein biomarkers simultaneously in a clinical sample such as serum or plasma, potentially allowing improved diagnostic accuracy and clinical management of many conditions such as autoimmune disorders, infections, and several cancers. Currently, antibody microarray-based tests are limited in part due to cross reactivity from detection antibody reagents. Here we present a strategy that reduces the cross-reactivity between nanoparticle-bound reporter antibodies through the application of ultrasound energy. By this concept, it was possible to achieve a sensitivity 10(3)-fold (5 pg mL(-1)) lower than when no ultrasound was applied (50 ng mL(-1)) for the simultaneous detection of three different antigens. The detection limits and variability achieved with this technique rival those obtained with other types of multiplex sandwich assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Dias
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - L Lama
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - J Gantelius
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - H Andersson-Svahn
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
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33
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Factors Affecting Anti-Glycan IgG and IgM Repertoires in Human Serum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19509. [PMID: 26781493 PMCID: PMC4726023 DOI: 10.1038/srep19509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum anti-glycan antibodies play important roles in many immune processes and are of particular interest as biomarkers for many diseases. Changes in anti-glycan antibodies can occur with the onset of disease or in response to stimuli such as pathogens and vaccination. Understanding relationships between anti-glycan antibody repertoires and genetic and environment factors is critical for basic research and clinical applications, but little information is available. In this study we evaluated the effects of age, race, gender, and blood type on anti-glycan antibody profiles in the serum of 135 healthy subjects. As expected, IgG and IgM antibody signals to blood group antigens correlated strongly with blood type. Interestingly, antibodies to other non-ABH glycans, such as the alpha-Gal antigen, also correlated with blood type. A statistically significant decline in IgM signals with age was observed for many antibody subpopulations, but not for IgG. Moreover, statistically significant correlations between race and IgG levels to certain LacNAc-containing glycans were observed. The results have important implications for designing studies and interpreting results in the area of biomarker discovery and for the development of vaccines. The study also highlights the importance of collecting and reporting patient information that could affect serum anti-glycan antibody levels.
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34
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Bosqui LR, Gonçalves ALR, Gonçalves-Pires MDRF, Custodio LA, de Menezes MCND, Murad VA, de Paula FM, Pavanelli WR, Conchon-Costa I, Costa-Cruz JM, Costa IN. Detection of parasite-specific IgG and IgA in paired serum and saliva samples for diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis in northern Paraná state, Brazil. Acta Trop 2015; 150:190-5. [PMID: 26238982 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human strongyloidiasis is an infection caused by the helminth Strongyloides stercoralis that can be fatal, especially in immunosuppressed patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate parasite-specific IgG and IgA levels using S. venezuelensis third-stage (L3) infective larvae alkaline extract as a heterologous antigen by ELISA in paired serum and saliva samples with improved sensitivity and specificity. Individuals from northern Paraná state, Brazil were divided into three groups: 30 patients copropositive for S. stercoralis (Group I); 30 clinically healthy individuals (Group II); and 30 patients copropositive for other parasites (Group III). The area under ROC curve (AUC), an overall index of diagnostic accuracy, and Kappa index were calculated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Kruskal-Wallis test. Probability (p) values of <0.05 were regarded as significant. In Group I, IgG was detected in 96.7% serum and in 6.7% saliva samples. IgG was not detected in Group II. In Group III, cross-reactivity was observed for serum IgG in 26.7% and in 6.7% for saliva samples. In Group I, IgA was detected in 76.7% serum and 56.7% saliva samples. In Group II, 3.3% were positive for IgA in serum, whereas IgA was not detected in any saliva samples. Group III showed 6.7% serum and 26.7% saliva-positive samples. The sensitivity values for detection of IgG and IgA in serum samples were 96.7% and 76.7%, respectively. In saliva samples, the sensitivity values for detection of IgG and IgA were 6.7% and 56.7%, respectively. The specificity value was 100% for the detection of IgG in serum and for detection of IgG and IgA in saliva, and 96.7% for detection of IgA in serum samples. The proper choice of immunological diagnosis to supplement parasitological methods is essential to estimate the true prevalence of the parasite, and will permit analysis of population immune response profiles, particularly in northern Paraná state, where there are no previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa R Bosqui
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia R Gonçalves
- Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria do Rosário F Gonçalves-Pires
- Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cláudia N D de Menezes
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Valter A Murad
- Ambulatório de Especialidades do Hospital Universitário de Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabiana M de Paula
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wander R Pavanelli
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria Costa-Cruz
- Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Idessania N Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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