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Aktay I, Bitirim CV, Olgar Y, Durak A, Tuncay E, Billur D, Akcali KC, Turan B. Cardioprotective role of a magnolol and honokiol complex in the prevention of doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity in adult rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:337-350. [PMID: 37074505 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOXO) induces marked cardiotoxicity, though increased oxidative stress while there are some documents related with cardioprotective effects of some antioxidants against organ-toxicity during cancer treatment. Although magnolia bark has some antioxidant-like effects, its action in DOXO-induced heart dysfunction has not be shown clearly. Therefore, here, we aimed to investigate the cardioprotective action of a magnolia bark extract with active component magnolol and honokiol complex (MAHOC; 100 mg/kg) in DOXO-treated rat hearts. One group of adult male Wistar rats was injected with DOXO (DOXO-group; a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg in 2-week) or saline (CON-group). One group of DOXO-treated rats was administered with MAHOC before DOXO (Pre-MAHOC group; 2-week) while another group was administered with MAHOC following the 2-week DOXO (Post-MAHOC group). MAHOC administration, before or after DOXO, provided full survival of animals during 12-14 weeks, and significant recoveries in the systemic parameters of animals such as plasma levels of manganese and zinc, total oxidant and antioxidant statuses, and also systolic and diastolic blood pressures. This treatment also significantly improved heart function including recoveries in end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, heart rate, cardiac output, and prolonged P-wave duration. Furthermore, the MAHOC administrations improved the structure of left ventricles such as recoveries in loss of myofibrils, degenerative nuclear changes, fragmentation of cardiomyocytes, and interstitial edema. Biochemical analysis in the heart tissues provided the important cardioprotective effect of MAHOC on the redox regulation of the heart, such as improvements in activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and oxygen radical-absorbing capacity of the heart together with recoveries in other systemic parameters of animals, while all of these benefits were observed in the Pre-MAHOC treatment group, more prominently. Overall, one can point out the beneficial antioxidant effects of MAHOC in chronic heart diseases as a supporting and complementing agent to the conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Aktay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Verda Bitirim
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Stem cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Billur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kamil Can Akcali
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Luan J, Ji X, Liu L. PPARγ in Atherosclerotic Endothelial Dysfunction: Regulatory Compounds and PTMs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14494. [PMID: 37833942 PMCID: PMC10572723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of atherosclerotic plaques is one of the main sources of cardiovascular disease. In addition to known risk factors such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, endothelial dysfunction has been shown to play a key role in the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor belonging to the steroid superfamily, is expressed in the aorta and plays a critical role in protecting endothelial function. It thereby serves as a target for treating both diabetes and atherosclerosis. Although many studies have examined endothelial cell disorders in atherosclerosis, the role of PPARγ in endothelial dysfunction is still not well understood. In this review, we summarize the possible mechanisms of action behind PPARγ regulatory compounds and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PPARγ in the control of endothelial function. We also explore the potential use of endothelial PPARγ-targeted agents in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Longhua Liu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200082, China
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3
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Lai J, Ouyang J, Lin W, Liu M, Yang Y, Wang R, Yang H, Meng Q, Dong J, Zhang J, Li L, He F. TRIB3 promoter 33 bp VNTR is associated with the risk of cerebrovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Front Genet 2022; 13:916281. [PMID: 36105108 PMCID: PMC9464918 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.916281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that TRIB3 is closely related to insulin resistance, metabolic disorders and vascular diseases. Recently, it was reported that a 33 bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) located in the TRIB3 promoter could considerably alter its transcriptional activity. Nonetheless, whether the shift of TRIB3 transcriptional activity has the effect of inducing diabetic vascular complications is still unclear. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to explore the relationship between the TRIB3 33bp VNTR and diabetic vascular complications. The TRIB3 33bp VNTR polymorphisms were determined by PCR and Sanger sequencing, a total of 798 eligible Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were included in our study and then evaluated with clinical data. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking history, drinking history and duration of diabetes, we found that the high number of 33 bp tandem repeats (repeats>8) was significantly associated with an increase in the risk of cerebrovascular diseases compared with the low number of 33 bp tandem repeats (repeats≤6) in patients with T2DM(OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.29–5.47, p = 0.008). The intermediate number of 33bp tandem repeats (6 < repeat≤8) was markedly associated with a decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy compared with the low number of tandem repeats (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46–0.91, p = 0.012). Adjusting for gender, age and BMI, there was a significant difference in DBP levels among patients with the number of different 33 bp tandem repeats (Low vs. Intermediate vs. High, 81.6 ± 12.8 vs. 79.8 ± 12.4 vs. 78.7 ± 12.6 mmHg; p = 0.045). Subgroup analysis found that TRIB3 VNTR was significantly correlated with the difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in T2DM patients taking ACEI/ARB drugs (Low vs. Intermediate vs. High, 146.27 ± 18.23 vs. 140.01 ± 19.91 vs. 140.77 ± 18.64 mmHg; p = 0.018). Our results indicated that TRIB3 promoter 33bp VNTR is related to vascular diseases in T2DM patients, and may serve as a new biomarker for individualized prevention and therapy of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Mouze Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Haikui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qian Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiamei Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fazhong He, ; Ling Li, ; Jianping Zhang,
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Fazhong He, ; Ling Li, ; Jianping Zhang,
| | - Fazhong He
- *Correspondence: Fazhong He, ; Ling Li, ; Jianping Zhang,
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YANG MINGXUAN, PAN YANXIA, LI KUNHUI, CHEN XIUYUN, LI MINYAN, LIN JIANPING, LI MING, LIN CHENG. Effects of Exercise Training on PPARβ/δ Expression in Skeletal Muscle of Rats with Spontaneous Hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1309-1316. [PMID: 35389955 PMCID: PMC9301982 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the relationship and mechanism between skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) and spontaneous hypertension. METHODS Rats were divided into four groups ( n = 10): spontaneous hypertensive rats exercise group (SHR-E), spontaneous hypertensive rats sedentary group (SHR-S), Wistar-Kyoto control rats exercise group (WKY-E), and Wistar-Kyoto control rats sedentary group (WKY-S). Although the sedentary groups were placed on the treadmill without moving during the training sessions, the exercise groups were forced to run on a treadmill for 8 wk, 1 h·d -1 , 5 d·wk -1 . After training, the density and area of gastrocnemius microvessels were observed. PPARβ/δ, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD-2), and nitric oxide synthase in gastrocnemius were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. RESULTS Except the sixth week of age, the systolic blood pressure of SHR-S was significantly higher than that of WKY-S at all time periods. Exercise significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in SHR rats. Compared with the SHR-S group, the WKY-S group had significantly higher PPARβ/δ protein level and density of skeletal muscle microvessels. Eight weeks of exercise increased the PPARβ/δ, SOD-2, VEGFA, and microvessel density and area in the skeletal muscle of SHR. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training promoted PPARβ/δ mRNA and protein-level expression of PPARβ/δ, SOD-2 and VEGFA in skeletal muscle, thus increasing the density and area of skeletal muscle blood vessels. These regulations contribute to the reduction of peripheral vascular resistance. This may be a potential mechanism of exercise to reduce blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- MINGXUAN YANG
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, CHINA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, CHINA
| | - YANXIA PAN
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, CHINA
| | - KUNHUI LI
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, CHINA
| | - XIUYUN CHEN
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, CHINA
| | - MINYAN LI
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, CHINA
| | - JIANPING LIN
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, CHINA
| | - MING LI
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, CHINA
| | - CHENG LIN
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, CHINA
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Niu L, Hou Y, Jiang M, Bai G. The rich pharmacological activities of Magnolia officinalis and secondary effects based on significant intestinal contributions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114524. [PMID: 34400262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Magnolia officinalis Cortex (M. officinalis) is a traditional herbal drug widely used in Asian countries. Depending on its multiple biological activities, M. officinalis is used to regulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, relieve cough and asthma, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and treat depression and anxiety. AIM OF THE REVIEW We aimed to review the abundant form of pharmacodynamics activity and potential mechanisms of action of M. officinalis and the characteristics of the internal processes of the main components. The potential mechanisms of local and distance actions of M. officinalis based on GI tract was provided, and it was used to reveal the interconnections between traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published literatures about M. officinalis and its main components were collected from several scientific databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science etc. RESULTS: M. officinalis was shown multiple effects including effects on digestive system, respiratory system, central system, which is consistent with traditional applications, as well as some other activities such as cardiovascular system, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and so on. The mechanisms of these activities are abundant. Its chief ingredients such as magnolol and honokiol can be metabolized into active metabolites in vivo, which can increase water solubility and bioavailability and exert pharmacological activity in the whole body. In the GI tract, M. officinalis and its main ingredient can regulate GI hormones and substance metabolism, protect the intestinal barrier and affect the gut microbiota (GM). These actions are effective to improve local discomfort and some distal symptoms such as depression, asthma, or metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Although M. officinalis has rich pharmacological effects, the GI tract makes great contributions to it. The GI tract is not only an important place for absorption and metabolism but also a key site to help M. officinalis exert local and distal efficacy. Pharmacodynamical studies on the efficacies of distal tissues based on the contributions of the GI tract hold great potential for understanding the benefits of M. officinalis and providing new ideas for the treatment of important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China.
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Li H, He YH, Hu YM, Chu QR, Chen YJ, Wu ZR, Zhang ZJ, Liu YQ, Yang CJ, Liang HJ, Yan YF. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Magnolol Derivatives as Antifungal Agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11781-11793. [PMID: 34582205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi seriously affect agricultural production and are difficult to control. The discovery of new leads based on natural products is an important way to innovate fungicides. In this study, 30 natural-product-based magnolol derivatives were synthesized and characterized on the basis of NMR and mass spectroscopy. Bioactivity tests on phytopathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in vitro of these compounds were performed systematically. The results showed that 11 compounds were active against four kinds of phytopathogenic fungi with EC50 values in the range of 1.40-20.00 μg/mL, especially compound L5 that exhibited excellent antifungal properties against B. cinerea with an EC50 value of 2.86 μg/mL, approximately 2.8-fold more potent than magnolol (EC50 = 8.13 μg/mL). Moreover, compound L6 showed the highest antifungal activity against F. graminearum and Rhophitulus solani with EC50 values of 4.39 and 1.40 μg/mL, respectively, and compound L7 showed good antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum. Then, an in vivo experiment of compound L5 against B. cinerea was further investigated in vivo using infected tomatoes (curative effect, 50/200 and 36%/100 μg/mL). The physiological and biochemical studies illustrated that the primary action mechanism of compound L5 on B. cinerea might change the mycelium morphology, increase cell membrane permeability, and destroy the function of mitochondria. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that hydroxyl groups play a key role in antifungal activity. To sum up, this study provides a reference for understanding the application of magnolol-based antifungal agents in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hui He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Mei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ru Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Rong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Fang Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Szałabska-Rąpała K, Borymska W, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. Effectiveness of Magnolol, a Lignan from Magnolia Bark, in Diabetes, Its Complications and Comorbidities-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10050. [PMID: 34576213 PMCID: PMC8467064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, often accompanied by oxidative stress. Diabetes treatment is a complicated process in which, in addition to the standard pharmacological action, it is necessary to append a comprehensive approach. Introducing the aspect of non-pharmacological treatment of diabetes allows one to alleviate its many adverse complications. Therefore, it seems important to look for substances that, when included in the daily diet, can improve diabetic parameters. Magnolol, a polyphenolic compound found in magnolia bark, is known for its health-promoting activities and multidirectional beneficial effects on the body. Accordingly, the goal of this review is to systematize the available scientific literature on its beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes and its complications. Taking the above into consideration, the article collects data on the favorable effects of magnolol on parameters related to glycemia, lipid metabolism, or oxidative stress in the course of diabetes. After careful analysis of many scientific articles, it can be concluded that this lignan is a promising agent supporting the conventional therapies with antidiabetic drugs in order to manage diabetes and diabetes-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szałabska-Rąpała
- Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Weronika Borymska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.B.); (I.K.-S.)
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8
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Zhang LL, Qiu J, Hong JR, Xu XQ, Zhang GQ, Li G. Magnolol attenuates inflammatory pain by inhibiting sodium currents in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:869-877. [PMID: 34021831 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are currently recognized as one of the targets of analgesics. Magnolol (Mag), an active component isolated from Magnolia officinalis, has been reported to exhibit analgesic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the analgesic effect of Mag was associated with blocking Na+ channels. Inflammatory pain was induced by the injection of carrageenan into the hind paw of mice. Mag was administered orally. Mechanical hyperanalgesia was evaluated by using von Frey filaments. Na+ currents and neuronal excitability in acutely isolated mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were recorded with the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results showed that Mag (10 ~ 40 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibited the paw edema and reduced mechanical pain in the inflammatory animal model. Injection of carrageenan significantly increased the amplitudes of TTX-sensitive and TTX-resistant Na+ currents. Compared with the carrageenan group, Mag inhibited the upregulation of two types of Na+ currents induced by carrageenan in a dose-dependent manner. Mag 40 mg/kg shifted the inactivation curves of two types of Na+ currents to hyperpolarization and returned to normal animal level without changing their activation curves. Mag 40 mg/kg significantly reduced the percentage of cells firing multiple spikes and inhibited the neuronal hyperexcitability induced by carrageenan. Our data suggest that the analgesic effect of Mag may be associated with a decreased neuronal excitability by blocking Na+ current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiang-Ru Hong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guang-Qin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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9
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Hesari M, Mohammadi P, Khademi F, Shackebaei D, Momtaz S, Moasefi N, Farzaei MH, Abdollahi M. Current Advances in the Use of Nanophytomedicine Therapies for Human Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3293-3315. [PMID: 34007178 PMCID: PMC8123960 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s295508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the primary cause of death during the last several decades, it is necessary to develop proper strategies for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Given the excessive side effects of current therapies, alternative therapeutic approaches like medicinal plants and natural products are preferred. Lower toxicity, chemical diversity, cost-effectiveness, and proven therapeutic potentials make natural products superior compared to other products. Nanoformulation methods improve the solubility, bioavailability, circulation time, surface area-to-volume ratio, systemic adverse side effects, and drug delivery efficiency of these medications. This study intended to review the functionality of the most recent nanoformulated medicinal plants and/or natural products against various cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. Literature review revealed that curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol were the most applied natural products, respectively. Combination therapy, conjugation, or fabrication of nanoparticles and nanocarriers improved the applications and therapeutic efficacy of herbal- or natural-based nanoformulations. In the context of CVDs prevention and/or treatment, available data suggest that natural-based nanoformulations are considerably efficient, alone or in blend with other herbal/synthetic medicines. However, clinical trials are mandatory to elucidate the safety, cardioprotective effect, and mechanism of actions of nanophytomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvash Hesari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khademi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Dareuosh Shackebaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Moasefi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Lago-Fernandez A, Zarzo-Arias S, Jagerovic N, Morales P. Relevance of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Multitarget Paradigm Associated with the Endocannabinoid System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1001. [PMID: 33498245 PMCID: PMC7863932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids have shown to exert their therapeutic actions through a variety of targets. These include not only the canonical cannabinoid receptors CB1R and CB2R but also related orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ligand-gated ion channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, metabolic enzymes, and nuclear receptors. In this review, we aim to summarize reported compounds exhibiting their therapeutic effects upon the modulation of CB1R and/or CB2R and the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Concomitant actions at CBRs and PPARα or PPARγ subtypes have shown to mediate antiobesity, analgesic, antitumoral, or neuroprotective properties of a variety of phytogenic, endogenous, and synthetic cannabinoids. The relevance of this multitargeting mechanism of action has been analyzed in the context of diverse pathologies. Synergistic effects triggered by combinatorial treatment with ligands that modulate the aforementioned targets have also been considered. This literature overview provides structural and pharmacological insights for the further development of dual cannabinoids for specific disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish Research Council, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-F.); (S.Z.-A.)
| | - Paula Morales
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish Research Council, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-F.); (S.Z.-A.)
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11
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Han Y, Liu J, Ahn S, An S, Ko H, Shin JC, Jin SH, Ki MW, Lee SH, Lee KH, Shin SS, Choi WJ, Noh M. Diallyl Biphenyl-Type Neolignans Have a Pharmacophore of PPARα/γ Dual Modulators. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:397-404. [PMID: 32576717 PMCID: PMC7457167 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin secretion-promoting compounds have therapeutic potentials in human metabolic diseases. Diallyl biphenyl-type neolignan compounds, magnolol, honokiol, and 4-O-methylhonokiol, from a Magnolia officinalis extract were screened as adiponectin-secretion promoting compounds in the adipogenic differentiation model of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). In a target identification study, magnolol, honokiol, and 4-O-methylhonokiol were elucidated as PPARα and PPARγ dual modulators. Diallyl biphenyl-type neolignans affected the transcription of lipid metabolism-associated genes in a different way compared to those of specific PPAR ligands. The diallyl biphenyl-type neolignan structure provides a novel pharmacophore of PPARα/γ dual modulators, which may have unique therapeutic potentials in diverse metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Han
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchan An
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeayoung C Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Won Ki
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hun Lee
- SK Bioland, Cheongju 28162, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Won Jun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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12
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Yuan Y, Zhou X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Teng X, Wang S. Cardiovascular Modulating Effects of Magnolol and Honokiol, Two Polyphenolic Compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine-Magnolia Officinalis. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:559-572. [PMID: 31749425 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191024175727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Honokiol and its isomer magnolol are poly-phenolic compounds isolated from the Magnolia officinalis that exert cardiovascular modulating effects via a variety of mechanisms. They are used as blood-quickening and stasis-dispelling agents in Traditional Chinese Medicine and confirmed to have therapeutic potential in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. This comprehensive review summarizes the current data regarding the cardioprotective mechanisms of those compounds and identifies areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaocui Zhou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Xiangyan Teng
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Shuaiyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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Insights on the Multifunctional Activities of Magnolol. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1847130. [PMID: 31240205 PMCID: PMC6556366 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1847130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over years, various biological constituents are isolated from Traditional Chinese Medicine and confirmed to show multifunctional activities. Magnolol, a hydroxylated biphenyl natural compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, has been extensively documented and shows a range of biological activities. Many signaling pathways include, but are not limited to, NF-κB/MAPK, Nrf2/HO-1, and PI3K/Akt pathways, which are implicated in the biological functions mediated by magnolol. Thus, magnolol is considered as a promising therapeutic agent for clinic research. However, the low water solubility, the low bioavailability, and the rapid metabolism of magnolol dramatically limit its clinical application. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss the last five-year progress of the biological activities of magnolol, including anti-inflammatory, antimicroorganism, antioxidative, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protection, metabolism regulation, and ion-mediating activity.
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14
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Liu Y, He Y, Wang Q, Guo F, Huang F, Ji L, An T, Qin G. Vitamin D 3 supplementation improves testicular function in diabetic rats through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ/transforming growth factor-beta 1/nuclear factor-kappa B. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:261-271. [PMID: 29953732 PMCID: PMC6400168 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Vitamin D3 deficiency can lead to male hypogonadism in diabetes mellitus, but the target organs and the mechanism driving the disorder are unclear. This experiment was designed to study the relationship between vitamin D3 deficiency and hypogonadism in diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were randomly divided into four groups and treated with different doses of vitamin D3 : blank (no vitamin D3 ), low (0.025 μg/kg/day), high (0.1 μg/kg/day), high (0.1 μg/kg/day) and with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibitor 30 mg/kg/day). They were compared with wild-type rats. RESULTS After 12 weeks, the vitamin D3 supplements had partially restored testicular pathological changes, as shown by reduced testicular fibrosis related to downregulation transforming growth factor beta 1 and apoptosis related to downregulation of nuclear factor kappa B, but not the pituitary gland. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, which can inhibit transforming growth factor beta 1 and nuclear factor kappa B, was significantly increased after treatment with vitamin D3 . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that treatment with vitamin D3 can improve testicular function in diabetic rats through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/transforming growth factor beta 1/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolismthe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
- Institute of Clinical Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Yanyan He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolismthe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
- Institute of Clinical Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolismthe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolismthe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Fengjuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolismthe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
- Institute of Clinical Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Linlin Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolismthe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
- Institute of Clinical Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Tingting An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolismthe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
- Institute of Clinical Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolismthe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
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15
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase as a Reprogramming Strategy for Hypertension and Kidney Disease of Developmental Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061744. [PMID: 29895790 PMCID: PMC6032132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal early-life conditions affect the developing kidney, resulting in long-term programming effects, namely renal programming. Adverse renal programming increases the risk for developing hypertension and kidney disease in adulthood. Conversely, reprogramming is a strategy aimed at reversing the programming processes in early life. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in normal renal physiology and the pathogenesis of hypertension and kidney disease. This review discusses the regulation of AMPK in the kidney and provides hypothetical mechanisms linking AMPK to renal programming. This will be followed by studies targeting AMPK activators like metformin, resveratrol, thiazolidinediones, and polyphenols as reprogramming strategies to prevent hypertension and kidney disease. Further studies that broaden our understanding of AMPK isoform- and tissue-specific effects on renal programming are needed to ultimately develop reprogramming strategies. Despite the fact that animal models have provided interesting results with regard to reprogramming strategies targeting AMPK signaling to protect against hypertension and kidney disease with developmental origins, these results await further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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16
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Kuk H, Arnold C, Meyer R, Hecker M, Korff T. Magnolol inhibits venous remodeling in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17820. [PMID: 29259201 PMCID: PMC5736655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to gravity the venous vasculature in the lower extremities is exposed to elevated pressure levels which may be amplified by obesity or pregnancy. As a consequence, venules dilate and may be slowly transformed into varicose or spider veins. In fact, chronically elevated venous pressure was sufficient to cause the corkscrew-like enlargement of superficial veins in mice. We hypothesized that biomechanical activation of endothelial cells contributes to this process and investigated the inhibitory capacity of Magnolol in this context - a natural compound that features multiple properties counteracting cellular stress. While Magnolol did not influence endothelial capillary sprout formation, it interfered with proliferation, ERK1/2 activity, gelatinase activity as well as baseline production of reactive oxygen species in these cells or murine veins. The anti-oxidative and anti-proliferative capacity of Magnolol was mediated through stimulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression. Finally, local transdermal application of Magnolol attenuated pressure-mediated development of varicose/spider veins in mice and was accompanied by the absence of proliferating and MMP-2 positive endothelial cells. Collectively, our data identified Magnolol as a potent inhibitor of biomechanically evoked endothelial cell activity during pressure-mediated venous remodeling processes which contribute to the development of varicose and spider veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kuk
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Meyer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Sun X, Song M, Wang H, Zhou H, Wang F, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhong M, Ti Y. TRB3 gene silencing activates AMPK in adipose tissue with beneficial metabolic effects in obese and diabetic rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:22-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Dong Q, Xing W, Fu F, Liu Z, Wang J, Liang X, Zhou X, Yang Q, Zhang W, Gao F, Wang S, Zhang H. Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside Inhibits Excessive Autophagy and Improves Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Prehypertensive Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1393-1412. [PMID: 27776426 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy exists in vascular endothelial cells, but the relationship between autophagy and blood vessel dysfunction in hypertension remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate role of autophagy in vascular endothelial dysfunction in prehypertension and hypertension and the underlying mechanisms involved. Furthermore, we sought to determine if and how tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG), a resveratrol analogue and active ingredient of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb used for its cardiovascular protective properties in traditional Chinese medicine, influences vascular endothelial function. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) aged 4 weeks (young) and 12 weeks (adult) were studied and the vascular function of isolated aorta and mesenteric artery was assessed in vitro. Compared with Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), young and adult SHRs showed endothelial dysfunction of the aorta and mesenteric artery, along with decreased pAkt, pmTOR, and autophagic marker protein p62 and increased LC3 II/I in microvascular but not aortic tissues. TSG administration for 14 days significantly improved mesenteric vascular endothelial function, increased levels of pAkt and pmTOR, and decreased autophagy. Pretreatment of young SHRs with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin blocked the antiautophagic and vasodilative effects of TSG. Moreover, TSG significantly activated Akt-mTOR signaling in HUVECs and reduced the autophagic levels in vitro, which were almost completely blocked by rapamycin. In summary, mesenteric endothelial dysfunction in prehypertensive SHRs was at least partly attributable to excessive autophagy in vascular tissues. TSG partly restored microvascular endothelial dysfunction through activating the Akt/mTOR pathway, which consequently suppressed autophagy, indicating that TSG could be potentially applied to protect vascular function against subclinical changes in prehypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Dong
- * Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Xing
- † Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Feng Fu
- † Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghua Liu
- † Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- ‡ Experiment Teaching Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyan Liang
- ‡ Experiment Teaching Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhou
- * Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- * Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- § Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- † Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Siwang Wang
- * Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- ‡ Experiment Teaching Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
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Tain YL, Hsu CN, Chan JYH. PPARs Link Early Life Nutritional Insults to Later Programmed Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010020. [PMID: 26712739 PMCID: PMC4730267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an important component of metabolic syndrome. Adulthood hypertension and metabolic syndrome can be programmed in response to nutritional insults in early life. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) serve as a nutrient-sensing signaling linking nutritional programming to hypertension and metabolic syndrome. All three members of PPARs, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, are expressed in the kidney and involved in blood pressure control. This review provides an overview of potential clinical applications of targeting on the PPARs in the kidney to prevent programmed hypertension and metabolic syndrome, with an emphasis on the following areas: mechanistic insights to interpret programmed hypertension; the link between the PPARs, nutritional insults, and programmed hypertension and metabolic syndrome; the impact of PPAR signaling pathway in a maternal high-fructose model; and current experimental studies on early intervention by PPAR modulators to prevent programmed hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Animal studies employing a reprogramming strategy via targeting PPARs to prevent hypertension have demonstrated interesting results. It is critical that the observed effects on developmental reprogramming in animal models are replicated in human studies, to halt the globally-growing epidemic of metabolic syndrome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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Li C, Li J, Weng X, Lan X, Chi X. Farnesoid X receptor agonist CDCA reduces blood pressure and regulates vascular tone in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:507-516.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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