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Li X, Tan C, Li P, Lin L, Zhou J, Tao H, Cai Y. Biological Control of Avocado Branch Blight Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae Using Bacillus velezensis. PLANT DISEASE 2024:PDIS10232216RE. [PMID: 38347735 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-23-2216-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, avocado branch blight has gradually become one of the major diseases causing mortality of avocado trees, which seriously affects the economic development of avocado planting regions. In order to investigate the cause of the disease, the pathogens were isolated from the interroot of avocado trees with the onset of the disease and identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae. At the same time, three Bacillus velezensis strains, YK194, YK201, and YK268, with better antagonistic effects and high stability against L. theobromae, were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of healthy avocado plants. The results of branch experiments and field trials showed that the avocado leaves as well as branches treated with the strains YK194, YK201, and YK268 did not develop disease, and the incidence of avocado trees was significantly reduced. In the branch experiments, the biological control effect of the strains YK194, YK201, and YK268 reached 62.07, 52.70, and 72.45%, respectively. In the field experiments, it reached 63.85, 63.43, and 73.86%, respectively, which indicated that all these three strains possessed good biological control effects on avocado branch blight. Further investigation on the mechanism of action of antagonistic strains revealed that B. velezensis YK268 could produce lipopeptides, namely, surfactin, fengycin, and iturin, which could significantly inhibit the spore germination of L. theobromae. Consequently, these three isolates have potential as biocontrol agents against L. theobromae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chenxing Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lizhen Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianuan Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huan Tao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Staropoli A, Guastaferro VM, Vinale F, Turrà D, Di Costanzo L, Vitale S. Repression of autocrine pheromone signaling leads to fusaric acid over-production. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1967-1971. [PMID: 37395452 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2227992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA), a picolinic acid derivative, is a natural substance produced by a wide variety of fungal plant pathogens belonging to the Fusarium genus. As a metabolite, fusaric acid exerts several biological activities including metal chelation, electrolyte leakage, repression of ATP synthesis, and direct toxicity on plants, animals and bacteria. Prior studies on the structure of fusaric acid revealed a co-crystal dimeric adduct between FA and 9,10-dehydrofusaric acid. During an ongoing search for signaling genes differentially regulating FA production in the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), we found that mutants lacking pheromone expression have an increased production of FA compared to the wild type strain. Noteworthy, crystallographic analysis of FA extracted from Fo culture supernatants showed that crystals are formed by a dimeric form of two FA molecules (1:1 molar stoichiometry). Overall, our results suggest that pheromone signaling in Fo is required to regulate the synthesis of fusaric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Staropoli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Vinale
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - David Turrà
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Costanzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania Vitale
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
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3
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Gujjar RS, Kumar R, Goswami SK, Srivastava S, Kumar S. MAPK signaling pathway orchestrates and fine-tunes the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum falcatum. J Proteomics 2024; 292:105056. [PMID: 38043863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum falcatum is the causal organism of red rot, the most devastating disease of sugarcane. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays pivotal role in coordinating the process of pathogenesis. We identified eighteen proteins implicated in MAPK signaling pathway in C. falcatum, through nanoLCMS/MS based proteomics approach. Twelve of these proteins were the part of core MAPK signaling pathway, whereas remaining proteins were indirectly implicated in MAPK signaling. Majority of these proteins had enhanced abundance in C. falcatum samples cultured with host sugarcane stalks. To validate the findings, core MAPK pathway genes (MAPKKK-NSY1, MAPK 17-MAPK17, MAPKKK 5-MAPKKK5, MAPK-HOG1B, MAPKKK-MCK1/STE11, MAPK-MST50/STE50, MAPKK-SEK1, MAPKK-MEK1/MST7/STE7, MAPKK-MKK2/STE7, MAPKKK-MST11/STE11, MAPK 5-MPK5, and MAPK-MPK-C) were analyzed by qPCR to confirm the real-time expression in C. falcatum samples cultured with host sugarcane stalks. The results of qPCR-based expression of genes were largely in agreement with the findings of proteomics. String association networks of MAPKK- MEK1/MST7/STE7, and MAPK- MPK-C revealed strong association with plenty of assorted proteins implicated in the process of pathogenesis/virulence. This is the novel and first large scale study of MAPK proteins in C. falcatum, responsible for red rot epidemics of sugarcane various countries. KEY MESSAGE: Our findings demonstrate the pivotal role of MAPK proteins in orchestrating the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum falcatum, responsible devastating red rot disease of sugarcane. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings are novel and the first large scale study demonstrating the pivotal role of MAPK proteins in C. falcatum, responsible devastating red rot disease of sugarcane. The study will be useful for future researchers in terms of manipulating the fungal pathogenicity through genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Singh Gujjar
- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226002, India.
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226002, India
| | | | - Sangeeta Srivastava
- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226002, India
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Neupane S, Alexander L, Baysal-Gurel F. Evaluation of Hydrangea Cultivars for Tolerance Against Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3967-3974. [PMID: 37392028 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2712-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. is a newly identified disease in oakleaf hydrangea. Some cultivars such as Pee Wee and Queen of Hearts grown in pot-in-pot container systems showed root rot symptoms after late spring frost in May 2018 with 40 and 60% incidence in the infected nursery, respectively. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the tolerance among different hydrangea cultivars against root rot caused by F. oxysporum. Fifteen hydrangea cultivars from four different species were selected, and rooted cuttings were prepared from new spring flushes. Twelve plants from each cultivar were transplanted in a 1-gallon pot. Half of transplanted plants (six single plants) were inoculated by drenching 150 ml of F. oxysporum conidial suspension to maintain the concentration of 1 × 106 conidia/ml. Half of the plants remain noninoculated (control) and were drenched with sterile water. After 4 months, root rot was assessed using a scale of 0 to 100% root area affected, and recovery of F. oxysporum was recorded by plating 1-cm root sections in Fusarium selective medium. Fusaric acid (FA) and mannitol were extracted from the roots of inoculated and noninoculated plants to see the effect and role on pathogenesis. Further, mannitol concentration was analyzed using absorption wavelength in a spectrophotometer, and FA was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated that no cultivars were resistant to F. oxysporum. Cultivars from Hydrangea arborescens, H. macrophylla, and H. paniculata were more tolerant to F. oxysporum compared to cultivars from H. quercifolia. Among H. quercifolia, cultivars Snowflake, John Wayne, and Alice were more tolerant to F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Neupane
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN
| | - Lisa Alexander
- Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, USDA-ARS, U.S. National Arboretum, McMinnville, TN
| | - Fulya Baysal-Gurel
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN
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Nayana RUK, Nakkeeran S, Saranya N, Saravanan R, Mahendra K, Ashraf S, Perveen K, Alshaikh NA, Sayyed RZ, Show PL. Triamcinolone Acetonide Produced by Bacillus velezensis YEBBR6 Exerts Antagonistic Activity Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense: A Computational Analysis. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00797-w. [PMID: 37556108 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00797-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is one of the most severe and threatening pathogens of bananas, causing "Panama wilt" worldwide. Confrontation assay of Foc antagonistic bacterial endophyte, Bacillus velezensis YEBBR6, with the Foc and GC-MS profiling of excised agar from the zone of inhibition, led to the unveiling of secondary metabolites produced by the endophyte. To refine the probable antifungal compounds among the numerous biomolecules formed during their di-trophic interaction with the pathogen, fungal protein targets were modeled, and docking studies (AutoDock Vina module of the PyRx 0.8 server) were done with all the compounds. Triamcinolone acetonide exhibited the most excellent affinity for the protein targets among the compounds studied. It had a maximum binding affinity of 11.2 kcal/mol for XRN2 (5' → 3'). Further, the protein-ligand complex formation kinetics was done through Molecular Dynamic Simulation studies. Graphs for the RMSD, RMSF, Rg, potential energy, and SASA were generated, and the values during the simulation period suggested the stability of the biomolecule as a complex with the protein. This indicated Triamcinolone acetonide's potential ability to act as a functional disrupter of the target protein and likely an antifungal molecule. Further, the biomolecule was tested for its activity against Foc by screening in the wet lab through the poisoned plate technique, and it was found to be fully inhibitory to the growth of the pathogen at 1000 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R U Krishna Nayana
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - S Nakkeeran
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India.
| | - N Saranya
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - R Saravanan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - K Mahendra
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Suhail Ashraf
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Kahkashan Perveen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla A Alshaikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's, S. I. Patil Arts, G.B. Patel Science and STKV Sangh Commerce College, Shahada, 425409, India.
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Shakhbout Bin Sultan St - Zone 1, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Ribeiro HAL, Scindia Y, Mehrad B, Laubenbacher R. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients: a virtual patient cohort study. J Math Biol 2023; 87:6. [PMID: 37306747 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The opportunistic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus infects the lungs of immunocompromised hosts, including patients undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplantation. More recently however, immunocompetent patients with severe SARS-CoV2 have been reported to be affected by COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA), in the absence of the conventional risk factors for invasive aspergillosis. This paper explores the hypothesis that contributing causes are the destruction of the lung epithelium permitting colonization by opportunistic pathogens. At the same time, the exhaustion of the immune system, characterized by cytokine storms, apoptosis, and depletion of leukocytes may hinder the response to A. fumigatus infection. The combination of these factors may explain the onset of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients. We used a previously published computational model of the innate immune response to infection with Aspergillus fumigatus. Variation of model parameters was used to create a virtual patient population. A simulation study of this virtual patient population to test potential causes for co-infection in immunocompetent patients. The two most important factors determining the likelihood of CAPA were the inherent virulence of the fungus and the effectiveness of the neutrophil population, as measured by granule half-life and ability to kill fungal cells. Varying these parameters across the virtual patient population generated a realistic distribution of CAPA phenotypes observed in the literature. Computational models are an effective tool for hypothesis generation. Varying model parameters can be used to create a virtual patient population for identifying candidate mechanisms for phenomena observed in actual patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique A L Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, FL, USA
| | - Yogesh Scindia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, FL, USA
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, FL, USA
| | - Reinhard Laubenbacher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, FL, USA.
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Palmieri D, Segorbe D, López-Berges MS, De Curtis F, Lima G, Di Pietro A, Turrà D. Alkaline pH, Low Iron Availability, Poor Nitrogen Sources and CWI MAPK Signaling Are Associated with Increased Fusaric Acid Production in Fusarium oxysporum. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:50. [PMID: 36668870 PMCID: PMC9862527 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA) is one of the first secondary metabolites isolated from phytopathogenic fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium. This molecule exerts a toxic effect on plants, rhizobacteria, fungi and animals, and it plays a crucial role in both plant and animal pathogenesis. In plants, metal chelation by FA is considered one of the possible mechanisms of action. Here, we evaluated the effect of different nitrogen sources, iron content, extracellular pH and cellular signalling pathways on the production of FA siderophores by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Fol). Our results show that the nitrogen source affects iron chelating activity and FA production. Moreover, alkaline pH and iron limitation boost FA production, while acidic pH and iron sufficiency repress it independent of the nitrogen source. FA production is also positively regulated by the cell wall integrity (CWI) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and inhibited by the iron homeostasis transcriptional regulator HapX. Collectively, this study demonstrates that factors promoting virulence (i.e., alkaline pH, low iron availability, poor nitrogen sources and CWI MAPK signalling) are also associated with increased FA production in Fol. The obtained new insights on FA biosynthesis regulation can be used to prevent both Fol infection potential and toxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Palmieri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - David Segorbe
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel S. López-Berges
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Filippo De Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lima
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Pietro
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Turrà
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Enviromental Technology, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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8
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Yang Y, Huang P, Ma Y, Jiang R, Jiang C, Wang G. Insights into intracellular signaling network in Fusarium species. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1007-1014. [PMID: 36179869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium is a large genus of filamentous fungi including numerous important plant pathogens. In addition to causing huge economic losses of crops, some Fusarium species produce a wide range of mycotoxins in cereal crops that affect human and animal health. The intracellular signaling in Fusarium plays an important role in growth, sexual and asexual developments, pathogenesis, and mycotoxin biosynthesis. In this review, we highlight the recent advances and provide insight into signal sensing and transduction in Fusarium species. G protein-coupled receptors and other conserved membrane receptors mediate recognition of environmental cues and activate complex intracellular signaling. Once activated, the cAMP-PKA and three well-conserved MAP kinase pathways activate downstream transcriptional regulatory networks. The functions of individual signaling pathways have been well characterized in a variety of Fusarium species, showing the conserved components with diverged functions. Furthermore, these signaling pathways crosstalk and coordinately regulate various fungal development and infection-related morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid areas, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid areas, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yutong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid areas, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruoxuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid areas, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid areas, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Guanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid areas, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Zhang X, Xu D, Hou X, Wei P, Fu J, Zhao Z, Jing M, Lai D, Yin W, Zhou L. UvSorA and UvSorB Involved in Sorbicillinoid Biosynthesis Contribute to Fungal Development, Stress Response and Phytotoxicity in Ustilaginoidea virens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911056. [PMID: 36232357 PMCID: PMC9570055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ustilaginoidea virens (teleomorph: Villosiclava virens) is an important fungal pathogen that causes a devastating rice disease. It can produce mycotoxins including sorbicillinoids. The biosynthesis and biological functions of sorbicillinoids have not been reported in U. virens. In this study, we identified a sorbicillinoid biosynthetic gene cluster in which two polyketide synthase genes UvSorA and UvSorB were responsible for sorbicillinoid biosynthesis in U. virens. In ∆UvSorA and ∆UvSorB mutants, the mycelial growth, sporulation and hyphal hydrophobicity were increased dramatically, while the resistances to osmotic pressure, metal cations, and fungicides were reduced. Both phytotoxic activity of rice germinated seeds and cell wall integrity were also reduced. Furthermore, mycelia and cell walls of ∆UvSorA and ∆UvSorB mutants showed alterations of microscopic and submicroscopic structures. In addition, feeding experiment showed that sorbicillinoids could restore mycelial growth, sporulation, and cell wall integrity in ∆UvSorA and ∆UvSorB mutants. The results demonstrated that both UvSorA and UvSorB were responsible for sorbicillinoid biosynthesis in U. virens, and contributed to development (mycelial growth, sporulation, and cell wall integrity), stress responses, and phytotoxicity through sorbicillinoid mediation. It provides an insight into further investigation of biological functions and biosynthesis of sorbicillinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuwen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Penglin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiajin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingpeng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Daowan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenbing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ligang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (L.Z.)
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10
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Rocha ADJ, Soares JMDS, Nascimento FDS, Rocha ADS, de Amorim VBO, Ramos APDS, Ferreira CF, Haddad F, Amorim EP. Molecular, Histological and Histochemical Responses of Banana Cultivars Challenged with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense with Different Levels of Virulence. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182339. [PMID: 36145741 PMCID: PMC9500910 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most limiting factor in the banana agribusiness worldwide. Therefore, studies regarding pathogen attack mechanisms, and especially host defense responses, in this pathosystem are of utmost importance for genetic breeding programs in the development of Foc-resistant banana cultivars. In this study, analysis at the molecular, histological and histochemical levels of the Musa spp. x Foc interaction was performed. Three Foc isolates representative of race 1 (R1), subtropical race 4 (ST4) and isolate 229A, which is a putative ST4, were inoculated in two Prata-type cultivars (Prata-Anã and BRS Platina) and one cultivar of the Cavendish type (Grand Naine). Of seven genes related to plant–pathogen interactions, five were overexpressed in ‘BRS Platina’ 12 h after inoculation (HAI) with Foc R1 and ST4 but had reduced or negative expression after inoculation with Foc 229A, according to RT–qPCR analyses. While hyphae, mycelia and spores of the Foc 229A isolate grow towards the central cylinder of the Grand Naine and Prata-Anã cultivars, culminating in the occlusion of the xylem vessels, the BRS Platina cultivar responds with increased presence of cellulose, phenolic compounds and calcium oxalate crystals, reducing colonization within 30 days after inoculation (DAI). In general, these data indicate that the cultivar BRS Platina has potential for use in banana-breeding programs focused on resistance to Foc tropical race 4 (TR4) and in aggregating information on the virulence relationships of the Foc pathogen and the defense responses of banana plants after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelita de Jesus Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Julianna Matos da Silva Soares
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda dos Santos Nascimento
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Adailson dos Santos Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Haddad
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Edson Perito Amorim
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-75-3312-8058; Fax: +55-75-3312-8097
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11
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Li M, Xie L, Wang M, Lin Y, Zhong J, Zhang Y, Zeng J, Kong G, Xi P, Li H, Ma LJ, Jiang Z. FoQDE2-dependent milRNA promotes Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense virulence by silencing a glycosyl hydrolase coding gene expression. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010157. [PMID: 35512028 PMCID: PMC9113603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate protein-coding gene expression primarily found in plants and animals. Fungi produce microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) that are structurally similar to miRNAs and functionally important in various biological processes. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the causal agent of Banana Fusarium vascular wilt that threatens global banana production. It remains uncharacterized about the biosynthesis and functions of milRNAs in Foc. In this study, we investigated the biological function of milRNAs contributing to Foc pathogenesis. Within 24 hours post infecting the host, the Argonaute coding gene FoQDE2, and two Dicer coding genes FoDCL1 and FoDCL2, all of which are involved in milRNA biosynthesis, were significantly induced. FoQDE2 deletion mutant exhibited decreased virulence, suggesting the involvement of milRNA biosynthesis in the Foc pathogenesis. By small RNA sequencing, we identified 364 small RNA-producing loci in the Foc genome, 25 of which were significantly down-regulated in the FoQDE2 deletion mutant, from which milR-87 was verified as a FoQDE2-depedent milRNA based on qRT-PCR and Northern blot analysis. Compared to the wild-type, the deletion mutant of milR-87 was significantly reduced in virulence, while overexpression of milR-87 enhanced disease severity, confirming that milR-87 is crucial for Foc virulence in the infection process. We furthermore identified FOIG_15013 (a glycosyl hydrolase-coding gene) as the direct target of milR-87 based on the expression of FOIG_15013-GFP fusion protein. The FOIG_15013 deletion mutant displayed similar phenotypes as the overexpression of milR-87, with a dramatic increase in the growth, conidiation and virulence. Transient expression of FOIG_15013 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves activates the host defense responses. Collectively, this study documents the involvement of milRNAs in the manifestation of the devastating fungal disease in banana, and demonstrates the importance of milRNAs in the pathogenesis and other biological processes. Further analyses of the biosynthesis and expression regulation of fungal milRNAs may offer a novel strategy to combat devastating fungal diseases. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the causal agent of Banana Fusarium vascular wilt that threatens global banana production. However, knowledge about pathogenesis of Foc is limited. In particular, pathogenic regulatory mechanism of the microRNA like small RNAs (milRNAs) found in Foc is unknown. Here, we found that FoQDE2, an Argonaute coding gene, and two Dicer coding genes FoDCL1 and FoDCL2, which are involved in milRNA biosynthesis, are significantly induced during the early infection stage of Foc. The results suggested that the milRNAs biosynthesis mediated by these genes may play an active role in the infection process of Foc. Based on this assumption, we subsequently found a FoQDE2-dependent milRNA (milR-87) and identified its target gene. Functional analysis showed that FoQDE2, milR-87 and its target gene were involved in the pathogenicity of Foc in different degree. The studies help us gain insight into the pathogenesis with FoQDE2, milR-87, and its target gene as central axis in Foc. The identified pathogenicity-involved milRNA provides an active target for developing novel and efficient biocontrol agents against Banana Fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Li
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (ML); (LJM); (ZJ)
| | - Lifei Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yilian Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Bioinformatics section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guanghui Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pinggen Xi
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huaping Li
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ML); (LJM); (ZJ)
| | - Zide Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (ML); (LJM); (ZJ)
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12
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Antifungal activity of volatile compounds generated by endophytic fungi Sarocladium brachiariae HND5 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260747. [PMID: 34855862 PMCID: PMC8639089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil-born filamentous fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC), which causes vascular wilt disease in banana plants, is one of the most economically important Fusarium species. Biocontrol using endophytic microorganisms is among the most effective methods for controlling banana Fusarium wilt. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) showed strong antifungal activity against FOC. Seventeen compounds were identified from the VOCs produced by endophytic fungi Sarocladium brachiariae HND5, and three (2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 3,4-dimethoxystyrol and caryophyllene) showed antifungal activity against FOC with 50% effective concentrations of 36, 60 and 2900 μL/L headspace, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and double fluorescence staining revealed that 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and 3,4-dimethoxystyrol damaged the plasma membranes, resulting in cell death. 3,4-dimethoxystyrol also could induce expression of chitin synthases genes and altered the cell walls of FOC hyphae. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate staining indicated the caryophyllene induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FOC hyphae. FOC secondary metabolism also responded to active VOC challenge by producing less fusaric acid and expressions of genes related to fusaric acid production were interrupted at sublethal concentrations. These findings indicate the potential of S. brachiariae HND5 as a biocontrol agent against FOC and the antifungal VOCs as fumigants.
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Salgado-Salazar C, Skaltsas DN, Phipps T, Castlebury LA. Comparative genome analyses suggest a hemibiotrophic lifestyle and virulence differences for the beech bark disease fungal pathogens Neonectria faginata and Neonectria coccinea. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6163289. [PMID: 33693679 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neonectria faginata and Neonectria coccinea are the causal agents of the insect-fungus disease complex known as beech bark disease (BBD), known to cause mortality in beech forest stands in North America and Europe. These fungal species have been the focus of extensive ecological and disease management studies, yet less progress has been made toward generating genomic resources for both micro- and macro-evolutionary studies. Here, we report a 42.1 and 42.7 mb highly contiguous genome assemblies of N. faginata and N. coccinea, respectively, obtained using Illumina technology. These species share similar gene number counts (12,941 and 12,991) and percentages of predicted genes with assigned functional categories (64 and 65%). Approximately 32% of the predicted proteomes of both species are homologous to proteins involved in pathogenicity, yet N. coccinea shows a higher number of predicted mitogen-activated protein kinase genes, virulence determinants possibly contributing to differences in disease severity between N. faginata and N. coccinea. A wide range of genes encoding for carbohydrate-active enzymes capable of degradation of complex plant polysaccharides and a small number of predicted secretory effector proteins, secondary metabolite biosynthesis clusters and cytochrome oxidase P450 genes were also found. This arsenal of enzymes and effectors correlates with, and reflects, the hemibiotrophic lifestyle of these two fungal pathogens. Phylogenomic analysis and timetree estimations indicated that the N. faginata and N. coccinea species divergence may have occurred at ∼4.1 million years ago. Differences were also observed in the annotated mitochondrial genomes as they were found to be 81.7 kb (N. faginata) and 43.2 kb (N. coccinea) in size. The mitochondrial DNA expansion observed in N. faginata is attributed to the invasion of introns into diverse intra- and intergenic locations. These first draft genomes of N. faginata and N. coccinea serve as valuable tools to increase our understanding of basic genetics, evolutionary mechanisms and molecular physiology of these two nectriaceous plant pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Salgado-Salazar
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Demetra N Skaltsas
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Tunesha Phipps
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Lisa A Castlebury
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Stępień Ł, Lalak-Kańczugowska J. Signaling pathways involved in virulence and stress response of plant-pathogenic Fusarium species. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Wang L, Xie S, Zhang Y, Kang R, Zhang M, Wang M, Li H, Chen L, Yuan H, Ding S, Liang S, Li H. The FpPPR1 Gene Encodes a Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein That Is Essential for Asexual Development, Sporulation, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium pseudograminearum. Front Genet 2021; 11:535622. [PMID: 33584782 PMCID: PMC7874006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.535622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) are caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum and are newly emerging diseases of wheat in China. In this study, we characterized FpPPR1, a gene that encodes a protein with 12 pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motifs. The radial growth rate of the ΔFpppr1 deletion mutant was significantly slower than the wild type strain WZ-8A on potato dextrose agar plates and exhibited significantly smaller colonies with sector mutations. The aerial mycelium of the mutant was almost absent in culture tubes. The ΔFpppr1 mutant was able to produce spores, but spores of abnormal size and altered conidium septum shape were produced with a significant reduction in sporulation compared to wild type. ΔFpppr1 failed to cause disease on wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves using mycelia plugs or spore suspensions. The mutant phenotypes were successfully restored to the wild type levels in complemented strains. FpPpr1-GFP signals in spores and mycelia predominantly overlapped with Mito-tracker signals, which substantiated the mitochondria targeting signal prediction of FpPpr1. RNAseq revealed significant transcriptional changes in the ΔFpppr1 mutant with 1,367 genes down-regulated and 1,333 genes up-regulated. NAD-binding proteins, thioredoxin, 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster binding domain proteins, and cytochrome P450 genes were significantly down-regulated in ΔFpppr1, implying the dysfunction of mitochondria-mediated reductase redox stress in the mutant. The mating type idiomorphic alleles MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-2, and MAT1-1-3 in F. pseudograminearum were also down-regulated after deletion of FpPPR1 and validated by real-time quantitative PCR. Additionally, 21 genes encoding putative heterokaryon incompatibility proteins were down-regulated. The yellow pigmentation of the mutant was correlated with reduced expression of PKS12 cluster genes. Taken together, our findings on FpPpr1 indicate that this PPR protein has multiple functions in fungal asexual development, regulation of heterokaryon formation, mating-type, and pathogenesis in F. pseudograminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shunpei Xie
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinshan Zhang
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruijiao Kang
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China.,Xuchang Vocational Technical College, Xuchang, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhang
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Yuan
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengli Ding
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shen Liang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Dong Z, Luo M, Wang Z. An Exo-Polygalacturonase Pgc4 Regulates Aerial Hyphal Growth and Virulence in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165886. [PMID: 32824317 PMCID: PMC7461583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc4) causes Fusarium wilt that affects banana plants, and hence, the molecular mechanisms of its virulence need to be investigated. We purified an exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG), Pgc4, from Foc4. Pgc4 has an apparent molecular weight of 50.87 kDa based on sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We further performed its sequence analysis and biochemical characterization. The two pgc4 genes encoding Pgc4 from Foc4 and Foc1 were 1434 bp in length and encoded 477 amino acids with differences, due to some nucleotide differences between the two. The Km and Vmax values of Pgc4 purified from Foc4 were determined to be 0.45 mg/mL and 105.26 Units·mg·protein−1 ·min−1, respectively. The recombinant proteins, r-Foc1-Pgc4 and r-Foc4-Pgc4, were expressed and purified from Pichia pastoris and showed optimal Pgc4 activity at 55 °C and pH 4.0; both could induce tissue maceration and necrosis in the “Guangfen-1” and “Baxi” varieties of banana but to a different extent. Phenotypic assays and complementation analyses revealed that, compared to the wild-type, the generated Foc4Δpgc4 mutant strain showed a lower aerial hyphal growth, grew slower, and had a reduced virulence. Therefore, our results demonstrate the function of Pgc4 as a pathogenicity factor of Foc4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyong Dong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-89003192
| | - Mei Luo
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Physiological Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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17
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Zhang X, Bai L, Guo N, Cai B. Transcriptomic analyses revealed the effect of Funneliformis mosseae on genes expression in Fusarium oxysporum. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234448. [PMID: 32735565 PMCID: PMC7394372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean root rot is a typical soil-borne disease that severely affects the yield of soybean. Funneliformis mosseae is one of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) dominant strains in soybean continuous cropping soil. The aim of this study was to providing an experimental basis for the study of the molecular mechanism underlying the alleviation of the obstacles associated with the continuous cropping of soybean by AMF. In this study, F. mosseae was inoculated in soil planted with soybean infected with Fusarium oxysporum. The results showed that the incidence of soybean root rot was significantly reduced after inoculation with F. mosseae. In F. mosseae-treated samples, the significantly upregulated genes encoded transmembrane protein in fungal cell membrane. The significantly downregulated genes encoded some proteins, which took part in composition of essential component of fungal cell wall; hydrolyse cellulose and hemicellulose. The DEGs in each treatment were enriched in antigen processing and presentation, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the MAPK signalling pathway, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and RNA degradation. Inoculation with F. mosseae could in a variety of ways to promote the growth, development of soybean and improve disease resistance. Such as help fungal build barriers to the disease resistance of host plant and enhance their pathogenicity; damaging the structure of the pathogen; protect plant tissues and so on. This study provides an experimental basis for further research on the molecular mechanism underlying the alleviation of challenges associated with the continuous cropping of soybean by AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Bai
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food and Environmental Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Na Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food and Environmental Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Baiyan Cai
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food and Environmental Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
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18
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Predicting Virulence of Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Cubense Based on the Production of Mycotoxin Using a Linear Regression Model. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040254. [PMID: 32295210 PMCID: PMC7232494 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) is one of the most destructive diseases for banana. For their risk assessment and hazard characterization, it is vital to quickly determine the virulence of Foc isolates. However, this usually takes weeks or months using banana plant assays, which demands a better approach to speed up the process with reliable results. Foc produces various mycotoxins, such as fusaric acid (FSA), beauvericin (BEA), and enniatins (ENs) to facilitate their infection. In this study, we developed a linear regression model to predict Foc virulence using the production levels of the three mycotoxins. We collected data of 40 Foc isolates from 20 vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), including their mycotoxin profiles (LC-MS) and their plant disease index (PDI) values on Pisang Awak plantlets in greenhouse. A linear regression model was trained from the collected data using FSA, BEA and ENs as predictor variables and PDI values as the response variable. Linearity test statistics showed this model meets all linearity assumptions. We used all data to predict PDI with high fitness of the model (coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.906) and adjust coefficient (R2adj = 0.898)) indicating a strong predictive power of the model. In summary, we developed a linear regression model useful for the prediction of Foc virulence on banana plants from the quantification of mycotoxins in Foc strains, which will facilitate quick determination of virulence in newly isolated Foc emerging Fusarium wilt of banana epidemics threatening banana plantations worldwide.
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Hashem A, Tabassum B, Abd_Allah EF. Omics Approaches in Chickpea Fusarium Wilt Disease Management. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35947-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Yun Y, Zhou X, Yang S, Wen Y, You H, Zheng Y, Norvienyeku J, Shim WB, Wang Z. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici C 2H 2 transcription factor FolCzf1 is required for conidiation, fusaric acid production, and early host infection. Curr Genet 2019; 65:773-783. [PMID: 30631890 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-00931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The soil-borne, asexual fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) is a causal agent of tomato wilt disease. The infection process of Fol comprises root recognition, adhesion, penetration, colonization of the root cortex and hyphal proliferation within the xylem vessels, which are under the regulation of virulence-involved transcription factors (TFs). In this study, we identified a gene, designated FolCZF1, which encodes a C2H2 TF in Fol. The homologs of FolCzf1 are also known to affect pathogenicity in F. graminearum and Magnaporthe oryzae on wheat and rice, respectively. We learned that FolCZF1 transcript level is upregulated in conidia and early host infection stage, which led us to hypothesize that FolCzf1 is associated with early host infection in Fol. The FolCZF1 deletion mutant (ΔFolCZF1) exhibited defects in growth rate, conidiation, conidia morphology and a complete loss of virulence on tomato root. Further microscopic observation showed that ΔFolCZF1 can penetrate the root but the primary infection hypha cannot extend its colonization inside the host tissue, suggesting that FolCzf1 TF plays an important role in early infection. Fusaric acid, a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium species, is suggested as a virulence factor in many crop diseases. We found that FolCzf1 plays a critical role in fusaric acid production by regulating the expression of fusaric acid biosynthesis genes. In summary, FolCzf1 is required for conidiation, secondary metabolism, and early host infection in Fol, and we propose that homologs of FolCzf1 are required for early parasitic growth in other plant pathogenic filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haixia You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuru Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute for Food and Drug Quality Control, Fuzhou, China
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Won-Bo Shim
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China.
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21
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Fang YL, Xia LM, Wang P, Zhu LH, Ye JR, Huang L. The MAPKKK CgMck1 Is Required for Cell Wall Integrity, Appressorium Development, and Pathogenicity in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E543. [PMID: 30413120 PMCID: PMC6267176 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays key roles in sensing extracellular signals and transmitting them from the cell membrane to the nucleus in response to various environmental stimuli. A MAPKKK protein CgMck1 in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was characterized. Phenotypic analyses of the ∆Cgmck1 mutant showed that the CgMck1 was required for vegetative growth, fruiting body development, and sporulation. Additionally, the CgMCK1 deletion mutant showed significant defects in cell wall integrity, and responses to osmotic stresses. The mutant abolished the ability to develop appressorium, and lost pathogenicity to host plants. The ∆Cgmck1 mutant also exhibited a higher sensitivity to antifungal bacterium agent Bacillus velezensis. The deletion mutants of downstream MAPK cascades components CgMkk1 and CgMps1 showed similar defects to the ∆Cgmck1 mutant. In conclusion, CgMck1 is involved in the regulation of vegetative growth, asexual development, cell wall integrity, stresses resistance, and infection morphogenesis in C. gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li-Ming Xia
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian-Ren Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lin Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Wu X, Yang H, Ma L, Zhou M. FoMyo5 motor domain substitutions (Val 151 to Ala and Ser 418 to Thr) cause natural resistance to fungicide phenamacril in Fusarium oxysporum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 147:119-126. [PMID: 29933981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) is an important genus of filamentous fungi that causes many devastating diseases of agronomical plants and some opportunistic diseases of humans. Previous studies have indicated that mutations in myosin5 acquired resistance to phenamacril in Fusarium graminearum (Fg). Here, we need to determine the residues of FoMyo5 involved in the natural resistance of plant pathogenic Fo strains. Six kinds of Fo reference strains from different hosts were studied. Fungicide susceptibility testing showed that these Fo strains demonstrated different resistance or susceptibility to phenamacril, which is Fusarium-specific antifungal compound, compared with Fg species. When aligned these homologous myosin5 motor domains of these strains, we found that the substitutions (Val151 to Ala and Ser418 to Thr) in FoMyo5 cause natural resistance to phenamacril in the plant pathogenic Fo strains. And we confirmed this result by gene replacement strategy. Such a phenomenon impeded the practical development of this fungicide for controlling vascular wilt diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitian Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, MA, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, MA, United States
| | - He Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, MA, United States
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, MA, United States.
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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23
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Cao Y, Pi H, Chandrangsu P, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhou H, Xiong H, Helmann JD, Cai Y. Antagonism of Two Plant-Growth Promoting Bacillus velezensis Isolates Against Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29531357 PMCID: PMC5847583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) provide an effective and environmentally sustainable method to protect crops against pathogens. The spore-forming Bacilli are attractive PGPR due to their ease of storage and application. Here, we characterized two rhizosphere-associated Bacillus velezensis isolates (Y6 and F7) that possess strong antagonistic activity against Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. We identified three lipopeptide (LP) compounds (surfactin, iturin and fengycin) as responsible for the antimicrobial activity of these two strains. We further dissected the contribution of LPs to various biological processes important for rhizosphere colonization. Although either iturin or fengycin is sufficient for antibacterial activity, cell motility and biofilm formation, only iturin plays a primary role in defense against the fungal pathogen F. oxysporum. Additionally, we found that LP production is significantly stimulated during interaction with R. solanacearum. These results demonstrate the different roles of LPs in the biology of B. velezensis and highlight the potential of these two isolates as biocontrol agents against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Hualiang Pi
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-8101, USA
| | - Pete Chandrangsu
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-8101, USA
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Hanqin Xiong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.,Guangzhou Daodong New Energy Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510670, PR China
| | - John D Helmann
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-8101, USA.
| | - Yanfei Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China. .,Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-8101, USA.
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24
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Valiante V. The Cell Wall Integrity Signaling Pathway and Its Involvement in Secondary Metabolite Production. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:jof3040068. [PMID: 29371582 PMCID: PMC5753170 DOI: 10.3390/jof3040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal cell wall is the external and first layer that fungi use to interact with the environment. Every stress signal, before being translated into an appropriate stress response, needs to overtake this layer. Many signaling pathways are involved in translating stress signals, but the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway is the one responsible for the maintenance and biosynthesis of the fungal cell wall. In fungi, the CWI signal is composed of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) module. After the start of the phosphorylation cascade, the CWI signal induces the expression of cell-wall-related genes. However, the function of the CWI signal is not merely the activation of cell wall biosynthesis, but also the regulation of expression and production of specific molecules that are used by fungi to better compete in the environment. These molecules are normally defined as secondary metabolites or natural products. This review is focused on secondary metabolites affected by the CWI signal pathway with a special focus on relevant natural products such as melanins, mycotoxins, and antibacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Valiante
- Leibniz Research Group Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenberg Strasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- Department of General Microbiology and Microbial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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25
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de Ramón-Carbonell M, Sánchez-Torres P. PdSlt2 Penicillium digitatum mitogen-activated-protein kinase controls sporulation and virulence during citrus fruit infection. Fungal Biol 2017; 121:1063-1074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Venice F, de Pinto MC, Novero M, Ghignone S, Salvioli A, Bonfante P. Gigaspora margarita with and without its endobacterium shows adaptive responses to oxidative stress. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:747-759. [PMID: 28730540 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi experience oxidative stress during the plant-fungal interaction, due to endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by fungal metabolism and exogenous ROS produced by plant cells. Here, we examine the responses to H2O2 in Gigaspora margarita, an AM fungus containing the endobacterial symbiont Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum (CaGg). Previous studies revealed that G. margarita with its endobacterium produces more ATP and has higher respiratory activity than a cured line that lacks the endobacterium. This higher bioenergetic potential leads to higher production of ROS and to a higher ROS-detoxifying capacity, suggesting a direct or indirect role of the endobacterium in modulating fungal antioxidant responses. To test the hypothesis that the fungal-endobacterial symbiosis may enhance the fitness of the AM fungus in the presence of oxidative stress, we treated the fungus with a sublethal concentration of H2O2 and performed RNA-seq analysis. Our results demonstrate that (i) irrespective of the endobacterium presence, G. margarita faces oxidative stress by activating multiple metabolic processes (methionine oxidation, sulfur uptake, the pentose phosphate pathway, activation of ROS-scavenger genes); (ii) in the presence of its endobacterium, G. margarita upregulates some metabolic pathways, like chromatin status modifications and iron metabolism; and (iii) contrary to our hypothesis, the cured line responds to H2O2 by activating the transcription of specific ROS scavengers. We confirmed the RNA-seq findings by measuring the glutathione and ascorbate concentration, which was the same in both lines after H2O2 treatment. We conclude that both fungal lines may face oxidative stress, but they activate alternative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Venice
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Salvioli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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27
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Qin S, Ji C, Li Y, Wang Z. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Race 1 and Race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Induced with Different Carbon Sources. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2017; 7:2125-2138. [PMID: 28468818 PMCID: PMC5499122 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.042226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense causes Fusarium wilt, one of the most destructive diseases in banana and plantain cultivars. Pathogenic race 1 attacks the "Gros Michel" banana cultivar, and race 4 is pathogenic to the Cavendish banana cultivar and those cultivars that are susceptible to Foc1. To understand the divergence in gene expression modules between the two races during degradation of the host cell wall, we performed RNA sequencing to compare the genome-wide transcriptional profiles of the two races grown in media containing banana cell wall, pectin, or glucose as the sole carbon source. Overall, the gene expression profiles of Foc1 and Foc4 in response to host cell wall or pectin appeared remarkably different. When grown with host cell wall, a much larger number of genes showed altered levels of expression in Foc4 in comparison with Foc1, including genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and other virulence-related genes. Additionally, the levels of gene expression were higher in Foc4 than in Foc1 when grown with host cell wall or pectin. Furthermore, a great majority of genes were differentially expressed in a variety-specific manner when induced by host cell wall or pectin. More specific CAZymes and other pathogenesis-related genes were expressed in Foc4 than in Foc1 when grown with host cell wall. The first transcriptome profiles obtained for Foc during degradation of the host cell wall may provide new insights into the mechanism of banana cell wall polysaccharide decomposition and the genetic basis of Foc host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Qin
- Laboratory of Physiological Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Laboratory of Physiological Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Laboratory of Physiological Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Physiological Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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28
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Ma H, Sun X, Wang M, Gai Y, Chung KR, Li H. The citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum depends on the PdMpkB kinase for developmental and virulence functions. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 236:167-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Dai Y, Cao Z, Huang L, Liu S, Shen Z, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Li D, Song F. CCR4-Not Complex Subunit Not2 Plays Critical Roles in Vegetative Growth, Conidiation and Virulence in Watermelon Fusarium Wilt Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1449. [PMID: 27695445 PMCID: PMC5025516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR4-Not complex is a multifunctional regulator that plays important roles in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes. In the present study, the biological function of FonNot2, a core subunit of the CCR4-Not complex, was explored in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), the causal agent of watermelon wilt disease. FonNot2 was expressed at higher levels in conidia and germinating conidia and during infection in Fon-inoculated watermelon roots than in mycelia. Targeted disruption of FonNot2 resulted in retarded vegetative growth, reduced conidia production, abnormal conidial morphology, and reduced virulence on watermelon. Scanning electron microscopy observation of infection behaviors and qRT-PCR analysis of in planta fungal growth revealed that the ΔFonNot2 mutant was defective in the ability to penetrate watermelon roots and showed reduced fungal biomass in root and stem of the inoculated plants. Phenotypic and biochemical analyses indicated that the ΔFonNot2 mutant displayed hypersensitivity to cell wall perturbing agents (e.g., Congo Red and Calcofluor White) and oxidative stress (e.g., H2O2 and paraquat), decreased fusaric acid content, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during spore germination. Our data demonstrate that FonNot2 plays critical roles in regulating vegetable growth, conidiogenesis and conidia morphology, and virulence on watermelon via modulating cell wall integrity, oxidative stress response, ROS production and FA biosynthesis through the regulation of transcription of genes involved in multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongye Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Shixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengming Song
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
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30
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Wei W, Xiong Y, Zhu W, Wang N, Yang G, Peng F. Colletotrichum higginsianum Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase ChMK1: Role in Growth, Cell Wall Integrity, Colony Melanization, and Pathogenicity. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1212. [PMID: 27536296 PMCID: PMC4971432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum higginsianum is an economically important pathogen that causes anthracnose disease in a wide range of cruciferous crops. To facilitate the efficient control of anthracnose disease, it will be important to understand the mechanism by which the cruciferous crops and C. higginsianum interact. A key step in understanding this interaction is characterizing the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway of C. higginsianum. MAPK plays important roles in diverse physiological processes of multiple pathogens. In this study, a Fus3/Kss1-related MAPK gene, ChMK1, from C. higginsianum was analyzed. The results showed that the Fus3/Kss1-related MAPK ChMK1 plays a significant role in cell wall integrity. Targeted deletion of ChMK1 resulted in a hypersensitivity to cell wall inhibitors, reduced conidiation and albinistic colonies. Further, the deletion mutant was also unable to form melanized appressorium, a specialized infection structure that is necessary for successful infection. Therefore, the deletion mutant loses pathogenicity on A. thaliana leaves, demonstrating that ChMK1 plays an essential role in the early infection step. In addition, the ChMK1 deletion mutant showed an attenuated growth rate that is different from that of its homolog in Colletotrichum lagenarium, indicating the diverse roles that Fus3/Kss1-related MAPKs plays in phytopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, the expression level of three melanin synthesis associated genes were clearly decreased in the albinistic ChMK1 mutant compared to that of the wild type strain, suggesting that ChMK1 is also required for colony melanization in C. higginsianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Hefei Inzyme Information Technology Co., Ltd. Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan, China
| | - Nancong Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University Wuhan, China
| | - Guogen Yang
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Peng
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan, China
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