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Okiyoneda T, Borgo C, Bosello Travain V, Pedemonte N, Salvi M. Targeting ubiquitination machinery in cystic fibrosis: Where do we stand? Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:271. [PMID: 38888668 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in CFTR gene expressing the anion selective channel CFTR located at the plasma membrane of different epithelial cells. The most commonly investigated variant causing CF is F508del. This mutation leads to structural defects in the CFTR protein, which are recognized by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control system. As a result, the protein is retained in the ER and degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Although blocking ubiquitination to stabilize the CFTR protein has long been considered a potential pharmacological approach in CF, progress in this area has been relatively slow. Currently, no compounds targeting this pathway have entered clinical trials for CF. On the other hand, the emergence of Orkambi initially, and notably the subsequent introduction of Trikafta/Kaftrio, have demonstrated the effectiveness of molecular chaperone-based therapies for patients carrying the F508del variant and even showed efficacy against other variants. These treatments directly target the CFTR variant protein without interfering with cell signaling pathways. This review discusses the limits and potential future of targeting protein ubiquitination in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Okiyoneda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Christian Borgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Pedemonte
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro Salvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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2
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Farinha CM, Santos L, Ferreira JF. Cell type-specific regulation of CFTR trafficking-on the verge of progress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1338892. [PMID: 38505263 PMCID: PMC10949533 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1338892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Trafficking of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein is a complex process that starts with its biosynthesis and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is coupled with the acquisition of a compact structure that can be processed and traffic through the secretory pathway. Once reaching its final destination-the plasma membrane, CFTR stability is regulated through interaction with multiple protein partners that are involved in its post-translation modification, connecting the channel to several signaling pathways. The complexity of the process is further boosted when analyzed in the context of the airway epithelium. Recent advances have characterized in detail the different cell types that compose the surface epithelium and shifted the paradigm on which cells express CFTR and on their individual and combined contribution to the total expression (and function) of this chloride/bicarbonate channel. Here we review CFTR trafficking and its relationship with the knowledge on the different cell types of the airway epithelia. We explore the crosstalk between these two areas and discuss what is still to be clarified and how this can be used to develop more targeted therapies for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Farinha
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Gebert M, Sławski J, Kalinowski L, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. The Unfolded Protein Response: A Double-Edged Sword for Brain Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1648. [PMID: 37627643 PMCID: PMC10451475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient brain function requires as much as 20% of the total oxygen intake to support normal neuronal cell function. This level of oxygen usage, however, leads to the generation of free radicals, and thus can lead to oxidative stress and potentially to age-related cognitive decay and even neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation of this system requires a complex monitoring network to maintain proper oxygen homeostasis. Furthermore, the high content of mitochondria in the brain has elevated glucose demands, and thus requires a normal redox balance. Maintaining this is mediated by adaptive stress response pathways that permit cells to survive oxidative stress and to minimize cellular damage. These stress pathways rely on the proper function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular pathway responsible for normal ER function and cell survival. Interestingly, the UPR has two opposing signaling pathways, one that promotes cell survival and one that induces apoptosis. In this narrative review, we discuss the opposing roles of the UPR signaling pathways and how a better understanding of these stress pathways could potentially allow for the development of effective strategies to prevent age-related cognitive decay as well as treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gebert
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-134 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-134 Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Taniguchi S, Fukuda R, Okiyoneda T. The multiple ubiquitination mechanisms in CFTR peripheral quality control. Biochem Soc Trans 2023:233016. [PMID: 37140364 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-regulated anion channel, which is expressed on the apical plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells. Mutations in the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF), one of the most common genetic diseases among Caucasians. Most CF-associated mutations result in misfolded CFTR proteins that are degraded by the endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) mechanism. However, the mutant CFTR reaching the PM through therapeutic agents is still ubiquitinated and degraded by the peripheral protein quality control (PeriQC) mechanism, resulting in reduced therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, certain CFTR mutants that can reach the PM under physiological conditions are degraded by PeriQC. Thus, it may be beneficial to counteract the selective ubiquitination in PeriQC to enhance therapeutic outcomes for CF. Recently, the molecular mechanisms of CFTR PeriQC have been revealed, and several ubiquitination mechanisms, including both chaperone-dependent and -independent pathways, have been identified. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings related to CFTR PeriQC and propose potential novel therapeutic strategies for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Taniguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fukuda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Okiyoneda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
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5
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Ensinck MM, Carlon MS. One Size Does Not Fit All: The Past, Present and Future of Cystic Fibrosis Causal Therapies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121868. [PMID: 35740997 PMCID: PMC9220995 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common monogenic disorder, caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Over the last 30 years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of CF and the development of treatments that target the underlying defects in CF. Currently, a highly effective CFTR modulator treatment (Kalydeco™/Trikafta™) is available for 90% of people with CF. In this review, we will give an extensive overview of past and ongoing efforts in the development of therapies targeting the molecular defects in CF. We will discuss strategies targeting the CFTR protein (i.e., CFTR modulators such as correctors and potentiators), its cellular environment (i.e., proteostasis modulation, stabilization at the plasma membrane), the CFTR mRNA (i.e., amplifiers, nonsense mediated mRNA decay suppressors, translational readthrough inducing drugs) or the CFTR gene (gene therapies). Finally, we will focus on how these efforts can be applied to the 15% of people with CF for whom no causal therapy is available yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein M. Ensinck
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium;
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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The Role of NEDD4 E3 Ubiquitin–Protein Ligases in Parkinson’s Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030513. [PMID: 35328067 PMCID: PMC8950476 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that causes a great clinical burden. However, its exact molecular pathologies are not fully understood. Whilst there are a number of avenues for research into slowing, halting, or reversing PD, one central idea is to enhance the clearance of the proposed aetiological protein, oligomeric α-synuclein. Oligomeric α-synuclein is the main constituent protein in Lewy bodies and neurites and is considered neurotoxic. Multiple E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, including the NEDD4 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4) family, parkin, SIAH (mammalian homologues of Drosophila seven in absentia), CHIP (carboxy-terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein), and SCFFXBL5 SCF ubiquitin ligase assembled by the S-phase kinase-associated protein (SKP1), cullin-1 (Cul1), a zinc-binding RING finger protein, and the F-box domain/Leucine-rich repeat protein 5-containing protein FBXL5), have been shown to be able to ubiquitinate α-synuclein, influencing its subsequent degradation via the proteasome or lysosome. Here, we explore the link between NEDD4 ligases and PD, which is not only via α-synuclein but further strengthened by several additional substrates and interaction partners. Some members of the NEDD4 family of ligases are thought to crosstalk even with PD-related genes and proteins found to be mutated in familial forms of PD. Mutations in NEDD4 family genes have not been observed in PD patients, most likely because of their essential survival function during development. Following further in vivo studies, it has been thought that NEDD4 ligases may be viable therapeutic targets in PD. NEDD4 family members could clear toxic proteins, enhancing cell survival and slowing disease progression, or might diminish beneficial proteins, reducing cell survival and accelerating disease progression. Here, we review studies to date on the expression and function of NEDD4 ubiquitin ligases in the brain and their possible impact on PD pathology.
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Trouvé P, Férec C, Génin E. The Interplay between the Unfolded Protein Response, Inflammation and Infection in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:2980. [PMID: 34831204 PMCID: PMC8616505 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), p.Phe508del is the most frequent mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The p.Phe508del-CFTR protein is retained in the ER and rapidly degraded. This retention likely triggers an atypical Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) involving ATF6, which reduces the expression of p.Phe508del-CFTR. There are still some debates on the role of the UPR in CF: could it be triggered by the accumulation of misfolded CFTR proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum as was proposed for the most common CFTR mutation p.Phe508del? Or, is it the consequence of inflammation and infection that occur in the disease? In this review, we summarize recent findings on UPR in CF and show how infection, inflammation and UPR act together in CF. We propose to rethink their respective role in CF and to consider them as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Trouvé
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (C.F.); (E.G.)
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8
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Ubiquitination of disease-causing CFTR variants in a microsome-based assay. Anal Biochem 2020; 604:113829. [PMID: 32621804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Soluble secreted proteins and membrane proteins are subjected to protein quality control pathways during their synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and delivery to other destinations. Foremost among these quality control pathways is the selection of misfolded proteins for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). A growing number of diseases, including Cystic Fibrosis, are linked to the ERAD pathway. In most cases, a membrane protein known as the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, or CFTR, is prematurely degraded by ERAD. Cell-based assays and in vitro studies have elucidated factors required for the recognition and degradation of CFTR, yet mechanistic details on how these factors target specific disease-causing variants is limited. Given the possibility that variants might exhibit unique susceptibilities to ubiquitin modification, which is required for proteasome-mediated degradation, we devised an assay that recapitulates this event. Here, we demonstrate that ER-enriched membranes from transfected human cells support CFTR ubiquitination when combined with radiolabeled ubiquitin and isolated enzymes in the ubiquitination cascade. We also show that select disease-causing variants are ubiquitinated more extensively than wild-type channels and to varying degrees. Our system provides a platform to examine how other purified factors impact CFTR ubiquitination and the ubiquitination of additional disease-associated membrane proteins.
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9
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Fukuda R, Okiyoneda T. Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Ubiquitylation as a Novel Pharmaceutical Target for Cystic Fibrosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13040075. [PMID: 32331485 PMCID: PMC7243099 DOI: 10.3390/ph13040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene decrease the structural stability and function of the CFTR protein, resulting in cystic fibrosis. Recently, the effect of CFTR-targeting combination therapy has dramatically increased, and it is expected that add-on drugs that modulate the CFTR surrounding environment will further enhance their effectiveness. Various interacting proteins have been implicated in the structural stability of CFTR and, among them, molecules involved in CFTR ubiquitylation are promising therapeutic targets as regulators of CFTR degradation. This review focuses on the ubiquitylation mechanism that contributes to the stability of mutant CFTR at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and post-ER compartments and discusses the possibility as a pharmacological target for cystic fibrosis (CF).
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10
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Regulation of CFTR Biogenesis by the Proteostatic Network and Pharmacological Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020452. [PMID: 31936842 PMCID: PMC7013518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal inherited disease among Caucasians in North America and a significant portion of Europe. The disease arises from one of many mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, or CFTR. The most common disease-associated allele, F508del, along with several other mutations affect the folding, transport, and stability of CFTR as it transits from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane, where it functions primarily as a chloride channel. Early data demonstrated that F508del CFTR is selected for ER associated degradation (ERAD), a pathway in which misfolded proteins are recognized by ER-associated molecular chaperones, ubiquitinated, and delivered to the proteasome for degradation. Later studies showed that F508del CFTR that is rescued from ERAD and folds can alternatively be selected for enhanced endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. A number of other disease-causing mutations in CFTR also undergo these events. Fortunately, pharmacological modulators of CFTR biogenesis can repair CFTR, permitting its folding, escape from ERAD, and function at the cell surface. In this article, we review the many cellular checkpoints that monitor CFTR biogenesis, discuss the emergence of effective treatments for CF, and highlight future areas of research on the proteostatic control of CFTR.
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Cabrini G. Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis: The Road from Treatment to Cure. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:263-279. [PMID: 30478715 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), a life-threatening multiorgan genetic disease, is facing a new era of research and development using innovative gene-directed personalized therapies. The priority organ to cure is the lung, which suffers recurrent and chronic bacterial infection and inflammation since infancy, representing the main cause of morbidity and precocious mortality of these individuals. After the disappointing failure of gene-replacement approaches using gene therapy vectors, no single drug is presently available to repair all the CF gene defects. The impressive number of different CF gene mutations is now tackled with different chemical and biotechnological tools tailored to the specific molecular derangements, thanks to the extensive knowledge acquired over many years on the mechanisms of CF cell and organ pathology. This review provides an overview and recalls both the successes and limitations of the different experimental approaches, such as high-throughput screening on chemical libraries to discover CF gene correctors and potentiators, dual-acting compounds, read-through molecules, splicing defect repairing tools, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) "amplifiers," CFTR interactome modulators and the first gene editing attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cabrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy. .,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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12
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Bioactive Thymosin Alpha-1 Does Not Influence F508del-CFTR Maturation and Activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10310. [PMID: 31311979 PMCID: PMC6635361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of phenylalanine 508 (F508del) in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel is the most frequent mutation causing cystic fibrosis (CF). F508del-CFTR is misfolded and prematurely degraded. Recently thymosin a-1 (Tα-1) was proposed as a single molecule-based therapy for CF, improving both F508del-CFTR maturation and function by restoring defective autophagy. However, three independent laboratories failed to reproduce these results. Lack of reproducibility has been ascribed by the authors of the original paper to the use of DMSO and to improper handling. Here, we address these potential issues by demonstrating that Tα-1 changes induced by DMSO are fully reversible and that Tα-1 peptides prepared from different stock solutions have equivalent biological activity. Considering the negative results here reported, six independent laboratories failed to demonstrate F508del-CFTR correction by Tα-1. This study also calls into question the autophagy modulator cysteamine, since no rescue of mutant CFTR function was detected following treatment with cysteamine, while deleterious effects were observed when bronchial epithelia were exposed to cysteamine plus the antioxidant food supplement EGCG. Although these studies do not exclude the possibility of beneficial immunomodulatory effects of thymosin α-1, they do not support its utility as a corrector of F508del-CFTR.
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Pesce E, Sondo E, Ferrera L, Tomati V, Caci E, Scudieri P, Musante I, Renda M, Baatallah N, Servel N, Hinzpeter A, di Bernardo D, Pedemonte N, Galietta LJV. The Autophagy Inhibitor Spautin-1 Antagonizes Rescue of Mutant CFTR Through an Autophagy-Independent and USP13-Mediated Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1464. [PMID: 30618756 PMCID: PMC6300570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutation F508del, responsible for a majority of cystic fibrosis cases, provokes the instability and misfolding of the CFTR chloride channel. Pharmacological recovery of F508del-CFTR may be obtained with small molecules called correctors. However, treatment with a single corrector in vivo and in vitro only leads to a partial rescue, a consequence of cell quality control systems that still detect F508del-CFTR as a defective protein causing its degradation. We tested the effect of spautin-1 on F508del-CFTR since it is an inhibitor of USP10 deubiquitinase and of autophagy, a target and a biological process that have been associated with cystic fibrosis and mutant CFTR. We found that short-term treatment of cells with spautin-1 downregulates the function and expression of F508del-CFTR despite the presence of corrector VX-809, a finding obtained in multiple cell models and assays. In contrast, spautin-1 was ineffective on wild type CFTR. Silencing and upregulation of USP13 (another target of spautin-1) but not of USP10, had opposite effects on F508del-CFTR expression/function. In contrast, modulation of autophagy with known activators or inhibitors did not affect F508del-CFTR. Our results identify spautin-1 as a novel chemical probe to investigate the molecular mechanisms that prevent full rescue of mutant CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Pesce
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elvira Sondo
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Loretta Ferrera
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Tomati
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Caci
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mario Renda
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Nesrine Baatallah
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Servel
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Hinzpeter
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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14
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Fukuda R, Okiyoneda T. Peripheral Protein Quality Control as a Novel Drug Target for CFTR Stabilizer. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1100. [PMID: 30319426 PMCID: PMC6170605 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformationally defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) including rescued ΔF508-CFTR is rapidly eliminated from the plasma membrane (PM) even in the presence of a CFTR corrector and potentiator, limiting the therapeutic effort of the combination therapy. CFTR elimination from the PM is determined by the conformation-dependent ubiquitination as a part of the peripheral quality control (PQC) mechanism. Recently, the molecular machineries responsible for the CFTR PQC mechanism which includes molecular chaperones and ubiquitination enzymes have been revealed. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of the CFTR PQC and discusses the possibility that the peripheral ubiquitination mechanism becomes a novel drug target to develop the CFTR stabilizer as a novel class of CFTR modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Fukuda
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Okiyoneda
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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15
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Dechecchi MC, Tamanini A, Cabrini G. Molecular basis of cystic fibrosis: from bench to bedside. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:334. [PMID: 30306073 PMCID: PMC6174194 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), is an autosomal recessive disease affecting different organs. The lung disease, characterized by recurrent and chronic bacterial infection and inflammation since infancy, is the main cause of morbidity and precocious mortality of these individuals. The innovative therapies directed to repair the defective CF gene should account for the presence of more than 200 disease-causing mutations of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The review will recall the different experimental approaches in discovering CFTR protein targeted molecules, such as the high throughput screening on chemical libraries to discover correctors and potentiators of CFTR protein, dual-acting compounds, read-through molecules, splicing defects repairing tools, CFTR "amplifiers".
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Dechecchi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Section of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Tamanini
- Laboratory of Analysis, Section of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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16
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Quality before Quantity: Inspecting CFTR. Dev Cell 2018; 44:655-656. [PMID: 29587139 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CFTR biosynthesis is highly dynamic. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Okiyoneda et al. (2018) show that RFFL serves as a CFTR conformation scrutinizer at the plasma membrane. It recognizes misfolded CFTR proteins and marks them for degradation. This quality control mechanism may be explored to benefit cystic fibrosis patients.
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Li H, Pesce E, Sheppard DN, Singh AK, Pedemonte N. Therapeutic approaches to CFTR dysfunction: From discovery to drug development. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 17:S14-S21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Okiyoneda T, Veit G, Sakai R, Aki M, Fujihara T, Higashi M, Susuki-Miyata S, Miyata M, Fukuda N, Yoshida A, Xu H, Apaja PM, Lukacs GL. Chaperone-Independent Peripheral Quality Control of CFTR by RFFL E3 Ligase. Dev Cell 2018; 44:694-708.e7. [PMID: 29503157 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral protein quality control (QC) system removes non-native membrane proteins, including ΔF508-CFTR, the most common CFTR mutant in cystic fibrosis (CF), from the plasma membrane (PM) for lysosomal degradation by ubiquitination. It remains unclear how unfolded membrane proteins are recognized and targeted for ubiquitination and how they are removed from the apical PM. Using comprehensive siRNA screens, we identified RFFL, an E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase that directly and selectively recognizes unfolded ΔF508-CFTR through its disordered regions. RFFL retrieves the unfolded CFTR from the PM for lysosomal degradation by chaperone-independent K63-linked poly-ubiquitination. RFFL ablation enhanced the functional expression of cell-surface ΔF508-CFTR in the presence of folding corrector molecules, and this effect was further improved by inhibiting the Hsc70-dependent ubiquitination machinery. We propose that multiple peripheral QC mechanisms evolved to dispose of non-native PM proteins and to preserve cellular proteostasis, even at the cost of eliminating partially functional polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Okiyoneda
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan; Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Guido Veit
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ryohei Sakai
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Misaki Aki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujihara
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Momoko Higashi
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Seiko Susuki-Miyata
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Masanori Miyata
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukuda
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Haijin Xu
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Pirjo M Apaja
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gergely L Lukacs
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of GRASP, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Bartoszewski R, Matalon S, Collawn JF. Ion channels of the lung and their role in disease pathogenesis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L859-L872. [PMID: 29025712 PMCID: PMC5792182 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00285.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of normal epithelial ion and water transport in the lungs includes providing a thin layer of surface liquid that coats the conducting airways. This airway surface liquid is critical for normal lung function in a number of ways but, perhaps most importantly, is required for normal mucociliary clearance and bacterial removal. Preservation of the appropriate level of hydration, pH, and viscosity for the airway surface liquid requires the proper regulation and function of a battery of different types of ion channels and transporters. Here we discuss how alterations in ion channel/transporter function often lead to lung pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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20
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Guimbellot J, Sharma J, Rowe SM. Toward inclusive therapy with CFTR modulators: Progress and challenges. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:S4-S14. [PMID: 28881097 PMCID: PMC6208153 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is caused by gene mutations that result in an abnormal Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein on the surface of cells. CFTR modulators are a novel class of drugs that directly target the molecular defect. CFTR modulators include potentiators that result in improved activity of the channel; correctors that help the protein traffic to the cell surface properly; and readthrough agents that restore full-length CFTR by suppression of premature termination codons, among other novel classes more recently established. While some of these drugs, CFTR potentiators in particular, have provided remarkable improvements for CF patients, others have yet to achieve profoundly improved outcomes, and many CF patients are not yet impacted by CFTR modulators due to lack of knowledge regarding susceptibility of their mutations to treatment. One limitation to expanding these types of therapies to the maximum number of patients with CF is the lack of rigorously validated clinical biomarkers that can determine efficacy on an individual basis, as well as few pre-clinical tools that can predict whether an individual with a rare combination of mutant alleles will respond to a particular CFTR modulator regimen. In this review, we discuss the various groups of CFTR modulators and their status in clinical development, as well as address the current literature on biomarkers, pre-clinical cell-based tools, and the role of pharmacometrics in creating therapeutic strategies to improve the lives of all patients with cystic fibrosis, regardless of their specific mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Guimbellot
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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21
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Mota R, Rodríguez JE, Bonetto A, O’Connell TM, Asher SA, Parry TL, Lockyer P, McCudden CR, Couch ME, Willis MS. Post-translationally modified muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases as circulating biomarkers in experimental cancer cachexia. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1948-1958. [PMID: 28979816 PMCID: PMC5622228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a severe wasting syndrome characterized by the progressive loss of lean body mass and systemic inflammation. Up to 80% of cancer patients experience cachexia, with 20-30% of cancer-related deaths directly linked to cachexia. Despite efforts to identify early cachexia and cancer relapse, clinically useful markers are lacking. Recently, we identified the role of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases Atrogin-1 (MAFbx, FBXO32) and Muscle Ring Finger-1 in the pathogenesis of cardiac atrophy and hypertrophy. We hypothesized that during cachexia, the Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 ubiquitin ligases are released from muscle and migrate to the circulation where they could be detected and serve as a cachexia biomarker. To test this, we induced cachexia in mice using the C26 adenocarcinoma cells or vehicle (control). Body weight, tumor volume, and food consumption were measured from inoculation until ~day 14 to document cachexia. Western blot analysis of serum identified the presence of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 with unique post-translational modifications consistent with mono- and poly- ubiquitination of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 found only in cachectic serum. These findings suggest that both increased Atrogin-1 and the presence of unique post-translational modifications may serve as a surrogate marker specific for cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mota
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA (Current)
| | - Jessica E Rodríguez
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital for Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronx, NY, USA (Current)
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana UniversityIndianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas M O’Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana UniversityIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott A Asher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, The Florida State University College of MedicineTallahassee, FL, USA (Current)
| | - Traci L Parry
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pamela Lockyer
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher R McCudden
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of OttawaOttawa ON, Canada (Current)
| | - Marion E Couch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, School of MedicineChapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
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22
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Londino JD, Lazrak A, Collawn JF, Bebok Z, Harrod KS, Matalon S. Influenza virus infection alters ion channel function of airway and alveolar cells: mechanisms and physiological sequelae. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L845-L858. [PMID: 28775098 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00244.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are located in the apical membranes of airway and alveolar epithelial cells. These transporters play an important role in the regulation of lung fluid balance across airway and alveolar epithelia by being the conduits for chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate ([Formula: see text]) secretion and sodium (Na+) ion absorption, respectively. The functional role of these channels in the respiratory tract is to maintain the optimum volume and ionic composition of the bronchial periciliary fluid (PCL) and alveolar lining fluid (ALF) layers. The PCL is required for proper mucociliary clearance of pathogens and debris, and the ALF is necessary for surfactant homeostasis and optimum gas exchange. Dysregulation of ion transport may lead to mucus accumulation, bacterial infections, inflammation, pulmonary edema, and compromised respiratory function. Influenza (or flu) in mammals is caused by influenza A and B viruses. Symptoms include dry cough, sore throat, and is often followed by secondary bacterial infections, accumulation of fluid in the alveolar spaces and acute lung injury. The underlying mechanisms of flu symptoms are not fully understood. This review summarizes our present knowledge of how influenza virus infections alter airway and alveolar epithelial cell CFTR and ENaC function in vivo and in vitro and the role of these changes in influenza pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James David Londino
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ahmed Lazrak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zsuzsanna Bebok
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kevin S Harrod
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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23
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Farinha CM, Canato S. From the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane: mechanisms of CFTR folding and trafficking. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:39-55. [PMID: 27699454 PMCID: PMC11107782 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CFTR biogenesis starts with its co-translational insertion into the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum and folding of the cytosolic domains, towards the acquisition of a fully folded compact native structure. Efficiency of this process is assessed by the ER quality control system that allows the exit of folded proteins but targets unfolded/misfolded CFTR to degradation. If allowed to leave the ER, CFTR is modified at the Golgi and reaches the post-Golgi compartments to be delivered to the plasma membrane where it functions as a cAMP- and phosphorylation-regulated chloride/bicarbonate channel. CFTR residence at the membrane is a balance of membrane delivery, endocytosis, and recycling. Several adaptors, motor, and scaffold proteins contribute to the regulation of CFTR stability and are involved in continuously assessing its structure through peripheral quality control systems. Regulation of CFTR biogenesis and traffic (and its dysregulation by mutations, such as the most common F508del) determine its overall activity and thus contribute to the fine modulation of chloride secretion and hydration of epithelial surfaces. This review covers old and recent knowledge on CFTR folding and trafficking from its synthesis to the regulation of its stability at the plasma membrane and highlights how several of these steps can be modulated to promote the rescue of mutant CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Farinha
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Sara Canato
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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24
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Veit G, Avramescu RG, Chiang AN, Houck SA, Cai Z, Peters KW, Hong JS, Pollard HB, Guggino WB, Balch WE, Skach WR, Cutting GR, Frizzell RA, Sheppard DN, Cyr DM, Sorscher EJ, Brodsky JL, Lukacs GL. From CFTR biology toward combinatorial pharmacotherapy: expanded classification of cystic fibrosis mutations. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:424-33. [PMID: 26823392 PMCID: PMC4751594 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-04-0935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 2000 mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) have been described that confer a range of molecular cell biological and functional phenotypes. Most of these mutations lead to compromised anion conductance at the apical plasma membrane of secretory epithelia and cause cystic fibrosis (CF) with variable disease severity. Based on the molecular phenotypic complexity of CFTR mutants and their susceptibility to pharmacotherapy, it has been recognized that mutations may impose combinatorial defects in CFTR channel biology. This notion led to the conclusion that the combination of pharmacotherapies addressing single defects (e.g., transcription, translation, folding, and/or gating) may show improved clinical benefit over available low-efficacy monotherapies. Indeed, recent phase 3 clinical trials combining ivacaftor (a gating potentiator) and lumacaftor (a folding corrector) have proven efficacious in CF patients harboring the most common mutation (deletion of residue F508, ΔF508, or Phe508del). This drug combination was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for patients homozygous for ΔF508. Emerging studies of the structural, cell biological, and functional defects caused by rare mutations provide a new framework that reveals a mixture of deficiencies in different CFTR alleles. Establishment of a set of combinatorial categories of the previously defined basic defects in CF alleles will aid the design of even more efficacious therapeutic interventions for CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudio Veit
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Radu G Avramescu
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Annette N Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Scott A Houck
- Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn W Peters
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jeong S Hong
- Department of Cellular, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Harvey B Pollard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Center for Medical Proteomics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - William B Guggino
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - William E Balch
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Skaggs Institute of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - William R Skach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Garry R Cutting
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Raymond A Frizzell
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - David N Sheppard
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas M Cyr
- Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Eric J Sorscher
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Gergely L Lukacs
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada GRASP, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Sabusap CM, Wang W, McNicholas CM, Chung WJ, Fu L, Wen H, Mazur M, Kirk KL, Collawn JF, Hong JS, Sorscher EJ. Analysis of cystic fibrosis-associated P67L CFTR illustrates barriers to personalized therapeutics for orphan diseases. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27660821 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging knowledge indicates the difficulty in categorizing unusual cystic fibrosis (CF) mutations, with regard to both pathogenic mechanism and theratype. As case in point, we present data concerning P67L mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a defect carried by a small number of individuals with CF and sometimes attributed to a channel conductance abnormality. Findings from our laboratory and others establish that P67L causes protein misfolding, disrupts maturation, confers gating defects, is thermally stable, and exhibits near normal conductance. These results provide one framework by which rare CF alleles such as P67L can be more comprehensively profiled vis-à-vis molecular pathogenesis. We also demonstrate that emerging CF treatments - ivacaftor and lumacaftor - can mediate pronounced pharmacologic activation of P67L CFTR. Infrequent CF alleles are often improperly characterized, in part, due to the small numbers of patients involved. Moreover, access to new personalized treatments among patients with ultra-orphan genotypes has been limited by difficulty arranging phase III clinical trials, and off-label prescribing has been impaired by high drug cost and difficulty arranging third party reimbursement. Rare CFTR mutations such as P67L are emblematic of the challenges to "precision" medicine, including use of the best available mechanistic knowledge to treat patients with unusual forms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleen M Sabusap
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Carmel M McNicholas
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - W Joon Chung
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lianwu Fu
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hui Wen
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Marina Mazur
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kevin L Kirk
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James F Collawn
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeong S Hong
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Eric J Sorscher
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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26
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Bali V, Lazrak A, Guroji P, Fu L, Matalon S, Bebok Z. A synonymous codon change alters the drug sensitivity of ΔF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. FASEB J 2015; 30:201-13. [PMID: 26336913 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-273714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synonymous mutations, such as I507-ATC→ATT, in deletion of Phe508 in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ΔF508 CFTR), the most frequent disease-associated mutant of CFTR, may affect protein biogenesis, structure, and function and contribute to an altered disease phenotype. Small-molecule drugs are being developed to correct ΔF508 CFTR. To understand correction mechanisms and the consequences of synonymous mutations, we analyzed the effect of mechanistically distinct correctors, corrector 4a (C4) and lumacaftor (VX-809), on I507-ATT and I507-ATC ΔF508 CFTR biogenesis and function. C4 stabilized I507-ATT ΔF508 CFTR band B, but without considerable biochemical and functional correction. VX-809 biochemically corrected ∼10% of both of the variants, leading to stable, forskolin+3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-activated whole-cell currents in the presence of the corrector. Omitting VX-809 during whole-cell recordings led to a spontaneous decline of the currents, suggesting posttranslational stabilization by VX-809. Treatment of cells with the C4+VX-809 combination resulted in enhanced rescue and 2-fold higher forskolin+IBMX-activated currents of both I507-ATT and I507-ATC ΔF508 CFTR, compared with VX-809 treatment alone. The lack of an effect of C4 on I507-ATC ΔF508 CFTR, but its additive effect in combination with VX-809, implies that C4 acted on VX-809-modified I507-ATC ΔF508 CFTR. Our results suggest that binding of C4 and VX-809 to ΔF508 CFTR is conformation specific and provide evidence that synonymous mutations can alter the drug sensitivity of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Bali
- *Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Lung Injury and Repair Research Center, and The Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ahmed Lazrak
- *Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Lung Injury and Repair Research Center, and The Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Purushotham Guroji
- *Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Lung Injury and Repair Research Center, and The Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lianwu Fu
- *Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Lung Injury and Repair Research Center, and The Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sadis Matalon
- *Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Lung Injury and Repair Research Center, and The Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Bebok
- *Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Lung Injury and Repair Research Center, and The Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Jai Y, Shah K, Bridges RJ, Bradbury NA. Evidence against resveratrol as a viable therapy for the rescue of defective ΔF508 CFTR. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2377-84. [PMID: 26342647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol, a natural phenolic compound, has been reported to rescue mutant ΔF508 CFTR in expression systems and primary epithelial cells. Although this implies a therapeutic benefit to patients with CF, investigations were performed using resveratrol concentrations greatly in excess of those achievable in plasma. We evaluated the efficacy of resveratrol as a CFTR corrector in relevant primary airway cells, using physiologically achievable resveratrol concentrations. METHODS Cells expressing wt or ΔF508 CFTR were exposed to chronic or acute resveratrol. CFTR mRNA and protein expression were monitored. The effects of resveratrol on primary ΔF508 human airway cells were evaluated by equivalent current analysis using modified Ussing chambers. RESULTS Consistent with previously published data in heterologous expression systems, high doses of resveratrol increased CFTR expression; however physiologically relevant concentrations were without effect. In contrast to heterologous expression systems, resveratrol was unable to increase mutant CFTR channel activity in primary airway cells. Elevated amiloride-sensitive currents, indicative of sodium transport and characteristically elevated in CF airway cells, were also unaffected by resveratrol. CONCLUSIONS High concentrations of resveratrol can increase CFTR mRNA and protein in some cell types. In addition, acute resveratrol exposure can stimulate CFTR mediated chloride secretion, probably by increasing cellular cAMP levels. Resveratrol at physiologically achievable levels yielded no benefit in primary ΔF508 airway cells, either in terms of amiloride-sensitive currents of CFTR currents. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our results do not support the use of resveratrol supplements as a therapy for patients with cystic fibrosis. It is possible that further modifications of the resveratrol backbone would yield a more efficacious compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert J Bridges
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neil A Bradbury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
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