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López-Bueno JA, Padrón-Monedero A, Díaz J, Navas-Martín MA, Linares C. Short-term impact of air pollution, noise and temperature on emergency hospital admissions in Madrid (Spain) due to liver and gallbladder diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118439. [PMID: 38346485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very few epidemiological studies have explored the environmental and meteorological risk factors that influence liver diseases and gallbladder disorders, and no studies have addressed the specific case of Spain. METHODS This is a retrospective ecological study conducted during 2013-2018. We analysed emergency admissions in the central area of the Region of Madrid for the following causes: Liver and gallbladder diseases (L&GB) (ICD-10: K70-K81); disorders of gallbladder (DGB) (ICD 10: K80-K81); liver disease (LD) (ICD 10: K70-K77); alcoholic liver disease (ALD) (ICD-10: K70); viral hepatitis (VH) (ICD10:B15-B19); and hepatic failure, not elsewhere classified (HFNS) (ICD-10: K72). Independent variables used: meteorological (maximum daily temperature (Tmax in ⁰C), minimum daily temperature (Tmin in ⁰C), and relative humidity (RH in %)); chemical air pollution (8-hO3, NO2, PM10, PM2.5 in μg/m3); and noise pollution (equivalent level of daily noise (Ld in dB(A)). Transformed variables: extreme heat in degrees (Theat); wet cold (WC); and high ozone. We fitted Poisson models, negative binomials and zero-inflated Poisson controlled for seasonality, day of the week, holidays, trend, and autoregressive trend. Based on these models, the percentage of cases attributable to statistically significant risk factors was then estimated. RESULTS In L&GB emergency admissions daily noise is related to 4.4% (CI95%: 0.8 7.9) of admissions; NO2 to 2.9% (CI95%: 0.1 5.7) and wet cold to 0.2% (CI95%: 0.8 7.9). Heat wave temperature was only related to ALD. In addition, the wet cold association with L&GB is also related to HFNS attributing 1.0% (CI95%: 0.3 1.8) of admissions for this cause. CONCLUSIONS Daily noise and NO2 are associated with more than 7% of urgent L&GB admissions. Both pollutants, are mainly emitted by road traffic. A reduction of traffic in cities would result in a reduction of emergency admissions due to this cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A López-Bueno
- Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment Reference Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Padrón-Monedero
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Díaz
- Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment Reference Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M A Navas-Martín
- Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment Reference Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Linares
- Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment Reference Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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Tavabie O, Clough J, King J, Nicholas V, Kumar A. Challenges of developing a green gastroenterology evidence base and how trainee research networks can fill the gaps. Frontline Gastroenterol 2023:flgastro-2023-102497. [DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2023-102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Trainee research networks are a collaborative effort to enable high-quality multicentre audits or research that is more widely accessible to trainees. Such networks lead, design and deliver research at a far higher scale than could be achieved locally and are carried out solely by trainees. There is an increasing focus on delivering research that is not only environmentally sustainable but also focuses on areas that can reduce the carbon footprint of service provision in gastroenterology and hepatology. In this manuscript, we performed a scoping review to understand the current evidence base of the impact of gastroenterology and hepatology services on the environment as well as exploring any association between pollution and climate change with gastrointestinal and liver disease. We further discuss the barriers that researchers face in delivering environmentally sustainable research, the limitation in clinical guidelines related to practicing environmentally sustainable gastroenterology and hepatology and how the trainee research networks are ideally placed to initiate change by developing, disseminating and implementing best practice in ‘green Gastroenterology’.
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Dales R, Mitchell K, Lukina A, Brook J, Karthikeyan S, Cakmak S. Does ambient air pollution influence biochemical markers of liver injury? Findings of a cross-sectional population-based survey. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139859. [PMID: 37619749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence supporting an adverse effect of ambient air pollution on the liver. OBJECTIVES To test the association between exposure to residential air pollution and serum biochemical indicators of liver injury. METHODS We used a nationally representative sample of 32,989 participants aged 3-79 years old who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey between 2007 and 2019. Cross-sectional associations were assessed by generalized linear mixed models incorporating survey-specific sampling weights. RESULTS The joint effect of an interquartile range (IQR) increase in nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was positively and significantly associated with all measures of liver injury adjusting for age, sex, education, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, and physical activity. The ranking of effect sizes from largest to smallest percent increases were 8.72% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.56, 9.88) for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 5.54% (95%CI 3.31, 7.77) for gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), 4.81% (95%CI 3.87, 5.74) for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 2.46% (95%CI 0.26, 4.65) for total bilirubin (TBIL) and 1.18% (95%CI 0.62, 1.75) for alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Findings were not significantly different when stratified by age (≤16, >16 yr), sex, smoking (current, other), cholesterol (≤6.18, >6.18 mmol/l) and BMI (<30, ≥30 kg/m2). DISCUSSION These findings suggest that ambient air pollution may have a relatively small impact on the liver, but these changes may have significant impact from a population health perspective, considering the ubiquitous nature of air pollution, or for individuals exposed to very high levels of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dales
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Kimberly Mitchell
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Lukina
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Subramanian Karthikeyan
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabit Cakmak
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Aminzadeh S, Salehcheh M, Khodayar MJ, Goudarzi G, Hemmati AA, Khorsandi LS, Asgharipour Dasht Bozorg N. The Impact of Metformin on Dust-Induced Histopathological Changes and Oxidative Stress in the Liver: An Insight into Dust Concentration and Liver Biomarkers in Animal Models. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 12:306-317. [PMID: 38317816 PMCID: PMC10838594 DOI: 10.61186/rbmb.12.2.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Environmental pollution has a profound impact on both human and animal life. Khuzestan province, which has been plagued by intense dust storms and pollution for decades, is the focus of this study. The research aims to investigate the protective effects of metformin against the toxicity of particulate matter in the livers of rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were selected for the study and divided into six groups: a control group, Metformin-treated groups, Iraqi dust-exposed group (Iraqi-D), Local dust-exposed group (Local-D), Iraqi dust-exposed with Metformin treatment group (Iraqi-D+Metformin), and Local dust-exposed with Metformin treatment group (Local-D+Metformin). The rats were exposed to local and Iraqi dust through a nebulizer and received oral metformin for a duration of 21 days. At the end of the intervention, liver biomarkers and oxidative stress factors were evaluated enzymatically. Results The study revealed that rats exposed to Iraqi and local dust experienced a significant increase in liver biomarkers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALK) levels, alongside a decrease in glutathione (GSH) concentrations and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, treatment with metformin was effective in preventing the increase in these biomarkers, restoring GSH levels, and averting the rise in MDA levels, as compared to the control group. Conclusions Exposure to particulate matter from Iraq and the local region can induce alterations in biomarkers and oxidative stress levels in the rat liver, and these effects can be mitigated through metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Aminzadeh
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Salehcheh
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Hemmati
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Laya sadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Ajarem JS, Hegazy AK, Allam GA, Allam AA, Maodaa SN, Mahmoud AM. Impact of petroleum industry on goats in Saudi Arabia: heavy metal accumulation, oxidative stress, and tissue injury. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:2836-2849. [PMID: 35939190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) constitute a group of persistent toxic pollutants, and the petroleum industry is one of the sources of these metals. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and vanadium (V) in Plantago ovata and milk and tissues of domestic goats in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Plant samples and blood, milk, muscle, liver, and kidney samples were collected from domestic goats and the levels of Pb, Cd, V, and Ni were determined. Liver and kidney tissue injury, oxidative stress, and expression of pro-inflammatory and apoptosis markers were evaluated. Pb, Cd, V, and Ni were increased in Plantago ovata as well as in milk, blood, muscle, liver, and kidney of goats collected from the polluted site. Aminotransferases, creatinine, and urea were increased in serum, and histopathological changes were observed in the liver and kidney of goats at the oil extraction site. Malondialdehyde and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Bax, and caspase-3 were increased, whereas cellular antioxidants and Bcl-2 were decreased in liver and kidney of goats at the polluted site. In conclusion, petroleum industry caused liver and kidney injury, oxidative stress, and upregulated pro-inflammatory and apoptosis markers in goats. These findings highlight the negative impact of petroleum industry on the environment and call attention to the assessment of its effect on the health of nearby communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaan S Ajarem
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad K Hegazy
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Allam
- Immunology Section, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Saleh N Maodaa
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
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Mehrabadi S, Miri M, Najafi ML, Ghalenovi M, Adli A, Pajohanfar NS, Ambrós A, Dovlatabadi A, Estiri EH, Abroudi M, Alonso L, Bazghandi MS, Dadvand P. Green space exposure during pregnancy and umbilical cord blood levels of liver enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68432-68440. [PMID: 35545744 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has suggested better pregnancy outcomes due to exposure to greenspace; however, the studies on such an association with the level of liver enzymes in the cord blood are still nonexistent. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between exposure to greenspace during the entire pregnancy and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in cord blood samples. We selected 150 pregnant women from our pregnancy cohort in Sabzevar, Iran (2018). Greenspace exposure was characterized based on (i) residential distance to green space, (ii) time spent in public/private green spaces, (iii) residential surrounding greenspace, (iv) visual access to greenspace, and (v) number of indoor natural pot plants at home. We developed linear regression models to investigate the adjusted associations of greenspace exposure with enzyme levels. Each one interquartile range (IQR) increase in the residential surrounding greenspace (100 m buffer) was related to a reduction of -12.58 (U/L) (95% CI -22.86, -2.29), -3.35 (U/L) (95% CI -5.50, -1.20), and -0.57 (U/L) (95% CI -1.12, -0.02) in the levels of GGT, AST, and ALT, respectively. Moreover, a similar association was observed for the time the participants spent in green spaces. A decrease in the residential distance to large green spaces was related with lower cord blood levels of AST, ALT, and GGT. Having a window with greenspace view at home was significantly related to lower AST level. The results for the indoor plant pots were not conclusive. Our findings suggested an inverse relationship between greenspace exposure during pregnancy and cord blood levels of liver enzymes. Further studies in other settings and populations are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saide Mehrabadi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mina Ghalenovi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Adli
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Nasim Sadat Pajohanfar
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Albert Ambrós
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Afishin Dovlatabadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Elahe Hasannejad Estiri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mina Abroudi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Lucia Alonso
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Malihe Sadat Bazghandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Heavy Metal Accumulation, Tissue Injury, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Dromedary Camels Living near Petroleum Industry Sites in Saudi Arabia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060707. [PMID: 35327104 PMCID: PMC8944594 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The petroleum industry can impact the environment and human health. Heavy metals (HMs), including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and vanadium (V), are toxic pollutants found in petroleum that can cause several severe diseases. This study investigated the impact of the oil industry on the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia, pointing to HMs accumulation, tissue injury, redox imbalance, inflammation, and apoptosis. Soil and camel samples (milk, blood, muscle, liver, and kidney) were collected from a site near an oil industry field and another two sites to analyze HMs. Pb, Cd, Ni, and V were increased in the soil and in the camel’s milk, blood, muscle, liver, and kidney at the polluted site. Serum aminotransferases, urea, and creatinine were elevated, and histopathological alterations were observed in the liver and kidney of camels at the oil industry site. Hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, Bax, and caspase-3 were increased, whereas cellular antioxidants and Bcl-2 declined in camels at the oil extraction site. In conclusion, the oil industry caused soil and tissue accumulation of HMs, liver and kidney injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in camels living close to the oil extraction site. These findings pinpoint the negative impact of the oil industry on the environment, animal, and human health.
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Yuan CS, Lai CS, Tseng YL, Hsu PC, Lin CM, Cheng FJ. Repeated exposure to fine particulate matter constituents lead to liver inflammation and proliferative response in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112636. [PMID: 34392150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of ≦2.5 µm, PM2.5) exposure cause adverse health effects, including lung inflammation. Through intra-tracheal instillation of PM2.5 components, the study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory and proliferative effects on mice liver. PM2.5 samples were collected near an industrial complex at southern Taiwan. Mice were exposed to water extracts or insoluble particles by intra-tracheal instillation. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: control, low dose insoluble particle exposure (LP), high dose insoluble particle exposure (HP), low dose water extract exposure (LW), and high dose water extract exposure (HW). Biochemical analysis, western blotting, histological examination, and immunohistochemistry were employed to evaluate the results. RESULT Enrichment factor (EF) of metallic elements showed that the EFs of trace elements (Ti, V, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cu) in PM2.5 were above 10. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of the liver tissue showed inflammatory infiltration in particle exposure group; hepatocyte ballooning degeneration and karyomegaly were seen in the water extract exposure group. Upregulation of inflammatory signaling, p65 and p50, and caspase-3 (an important effector involved in apoptosis) positive hepatocytes was significantly increased in the HP group, followed by an elevation in protein levels of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153). Increased protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was noted in the LW and HW groups. An increase in phosphorylation of regulators of cell proliferation, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, were detected in the LW and HW groups. CONCLUSION The present study shows that the insoluble particle composition of PM2.5 induced inflammatory signaling and cytokines upregulation in the liver, accompanied with inflammatory cell and macrophage infiltration and an abnormal liver function. Exposure of water extract to PM2.5 induced signals of upregulated cellular proliferation, elevated markers of cell proliferation in liver, hepatocyte ballooning degeneration and karyomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC; Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Lun Tseng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81164, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Departme nt of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Puzi, Chiayi County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, ROC; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
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Okorn K, Jimenez A, Collier-Oxandale A, Johnston J, Hannigan M. Characterizing methane and total non-methane hydrocarbon levels in Los Angeles communities with oil and gas facilities using air quality monitors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146194. [PMID: 34602658 PMCID: PMC8485894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, sensor networks have been proven valuable to assess air quality on highly localized scales. Here we leverage innovative sensors to characterize gaseous pollutants in a complex urban environment and evaluate differences in air quality in three different Los Angeles neighborhoods where oil and gas activity is present. We deployed monitors across urban neighborhoods in South Los Angles adjacent to oil and gas facilities with varying levels of production. Using low-cost sensors built in-house, we measured methane, total non-methane hydrocarbons (TNMHCs), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide during three deployment campaigns over four years. The multi-sensor linear regression calibration model developed to quantify methane and TNMHCs offers up to 16% improvement in coefficient of determination and up to a 22% reduction in root mean square error for the most recent dataset as compared to previous models. The deployment results demonstrate that airborne methane concentrations are higher within a 500 m radius of three urban oil and gas facilities, as well as near a natural gas distribution pipeline, likely a result of proximity to sources. While there are numerous additional sources of TNMHCs in complex urban environments, some sites appear to be larger emitters than others. Significant methane emissions were also measured at an idle site, suggesting that fugitive emissions may still occur even if production is ceased. Episodic spikes of both compounds suggested an association with oil and gas activities, demonstrating how sensor networks can be used to elucidate community-scale sources and differences in air quality moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Okorn
- Environmental Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Correspondence: , P: (303) 735-8054, A: 1111 Engineering Dr., Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Amanda Jimenez
- Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Jill Johnston
- Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Michael Hannigan
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Garcia E, Stratakis N, Valvi D, Maitre L, Varo N, Aasvang GM, Andrusaityte S, Basagana X, Casas M, de Castro M, Fossati S, Grazuleviciene R, Heude B, Hoek G, Krog NH, McEachan R, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Roumeliotaki T, Slama R, Urquiza J, Vafeiadi M, Vos MB, Wright J, Conti DV, Berhane K, Vrijheid M, McConnell R, Chatzi L. Prenatal and childhood exposure to air pollution and traffic and the risk of liver injury in European children. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e153. [PMID: 34131614 PMCID: PMC8196121 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most prevalent pediatric chronic liver disease. Experimental studies suggest effects of air pollution and traffic exposure on liver injury. We present the first large-scale human study to evaluate associations of prenatal and childhood air pollution and traffic exposure with liver injury. METHODS Study population included 1,102 children from the Human Early Life Exposome project. Established liver injury biomarkers, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and cytokeratin-18, were measured in serum between ages 6-10 years. Air pollutant exposures included nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter <10 μm (PM10), and <2.5 μm. Traffic measures included traffic density on nearest road, traffic load in 100-m buffer, and inverse distance to nearest road. Exposure assignments were made to residential address during pregnancy (prenatal) and residential and school addresses in year preceding follow-up (childhood). Childhood indoor air pollutant exposures were also examined. Generalized additive models were fitted adjusting for confounders. Interactions by sex and overweight/obese status were examined. RESULTS Prenatal and childhood exposures to air pollution and traffic were not associated with child liver injury biomarkers. There was a significant interaction between prenatal ambient PM10 and overweight/obese status for alanine aminotransferase, with stronger associations among children who were overweight/obese. There was no evidence of interaction with sex. CONCLUSION This study found no evidence for associations between prenatal or childhood air pollution or traffic exposure with liver injury biomarkers in children. Findings suggest PM10 associations maybe higher in children who are overweight/obese, consistent with the multiple-hits hypothesis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Léa Maitre
- NA, ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Varo
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gunn Marit Aasvang
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Andrusaityte
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Xavier Basagana
- NA, ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- NA, ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat de Castro
- NA, ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serena Fossati
- NA, ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Barbara Heude
- NA, Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Department Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Norun Hjertager Krog
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rosemary McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- NA, ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Rémy Slama
- Department of Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jose Urquiza
- NA, ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Miriam B. Vos
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- NA, ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Capaldo A, Gay F, Caputo I, Lionetti L, Paolella G, Di Gregorio I, Martucciello S, Di Lorenzo M, Rosati L, Laforgia V. Effects of environmental cocaine concentrations on COX and caspase-3 activity, GRP-78, ALT, CRP and blood glucose levels in the liver and kidney of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111475. [PMID: 33068975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine is one of the most widely used illicit drugs in the world, and as a result of incomplete removal by sewage treatment plants it is found in surface waters, where it represents a new potential risk for aquatic organisms. In this study we evaluated the influence of environmental concentrations of cocaine on the liver and the kidney of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). The eels were exposed to 20 ng L-1 of cocaine for fifty days, after which, three and ten days after the interruption of cocaine exposure their livers and kidneys were compared to controls. The general morphology of the two organs was evaluated, as well as the following parameters: cytochrome oxidase (COX) and caspase-3 activities, as markers of oxidative metabolism and apoptosis activation, respectively; glucose-regulated protein (GRP)78 levels, as a marker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress; blood glucose level, as stress marker; serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as a marker of liver injury and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), as a marker of the inflammatory process. The liver showed morphologic alterations such as necrotic areas, karyolysis and pyknotic nuclei, while the kidneys had dilated glomeruli and the renal tubules showed pyknotic nuclei and karyolysis. In the kidney, the alterations persisted after the interruption of cocaine exposure. In the liver, COX and caspase-3 activities increased (COX: P = 0.01; caspase-3: P = 0.032); ten days after the interruption of cocaine exposure, COX activity returned to control levels (P = 0.06) whereas caspase-3 activity decreased further (P = 0.012); GRP78 expression increased only in post-exposure recovery specimens (three days: P = 0.007 and ten days: P = 0.008 after the interruption of cocaine exposure, respectively). In the kidney, COX and caspase-3 activities increased (COX: P = 0.02; caspase-3: P = 0.019); after the interruption of cocaine exposure, COX activity remained high (three days: P = 0.02 and ten days: P = 0.029 after the interruption of cocaine exposure, respectively) whereas caspase-3 activity returned to control values (three days: P = 0.69 and ten days: P = 0.67 after the interruption of cocaine exposure, respectively). Blood glucose and serum ALT and CRP levels increased (blood glucose: P = 0.01; ALT: P = 0.001; CRP: 0.015) and remained high also ten days after the interruption of cocaine exposure (blood glucose: P = 0.009; ALT: P = 0.0031; CRP: 0.036). These results suggest that environmental cocaine concentrations adversely affected liver and kidney of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Capaldo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Flaminia Gay
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ivana Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; ELFID (European Laboratory for Food-Induced Diseases), University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; ELFID (European Laboratory for Food-Induced Diseases), University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Gregorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefania Martucciello
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mariana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Rosati
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Laforgia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy
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12
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Bigliardi AP, Fernandes CLF, Pinto EA, Dos Santos M, Garcia EM, Baisch PRM, Soares MCF, Muccillo-Baisch AL, da Silva Júnior FMR. Blood markers among residents from a coal mining area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1409-1416. [PMID: 32839907 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coal extraction and processing generate environmental contamination, which has several negative impacts on human health. Hematological and biochemical parameters are effective biomarkers of the exposure of a population to air pollutants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate hematological and biochemical parameters in adult residents in a coal mining region in the largest national reserve in Brazil, as well as to investigate their relations with air quality. The study included three cities in the south of Brazil, which are located near an important power plant and coal mine. The air quality was analyzed by PM10, NOx, and SO2 at five air quality monitoring stations, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were evaluated with a questionnaire, and biochemical parameters were assessed in blood samples. The mean PM10 in the study area was 19.18 μg/m3. The air quality varied among the five monitoring stations, and the Candiota station exceeded the reference limit by 63.3%. In general, participants had lived more than 10 years in the municipality and had hepatic and renal parameters within the reference values. A higher prevalence of alterations was found in hematological parameters (43.1%) and liver function (30%). Among the three cities, the population of Pedras Altas seems to have a greater impairment of the blood parameters evaluated. The only parameter that was correlated with PM10 was the hematocrit level (r = 0.33; P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Bigliardi
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102 Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Lopes Feijo Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102 Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Edlaine Acosta Pinto
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102 Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Edariane Menestrino Garcia
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Martins Baisch
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Flores Soares
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Luíza Muccillo-Baisch
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102 Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos - LEFT, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102 Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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13
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Rutledge SM, Asgharpour A. Smoking and Liver Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2020; 16:617-625. [PMID: 34035697 PMCID: PMC8132692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States, causing approximately 480,000 deaths per year, which is equivalent to 1 in 5 deaths being attributable to tobacco use. The adverse effects of cigarette smoking on the lungs and cardiovascular system are well described; however, the detrimental effects of smoking on the liver are not as well defined. Smoking affects the liver via 3 separate mechanisms: toxic (both direct and indirect), immunologic, and oncogenic. There is an emerging body of evidence of an association between cigarette smoking and progression of fibrosis in chronic liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and primary biliary cholangitis. Smoking is associated with accelerated development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection. Tobacco smoking adversely affects lung function, which increases physical limitations and may preclude liver transplantation. Following liver transplantation, smoking is associated with several adverse outcomes, including increased risk of de novo malignancy, vascular complications, and nongraft-associated mortality. The respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 serves as a good example of the complex interplay between the lungs and the liver. It is evident that cigarette smoking has important negative effects on a multitude of liver diseases and that patients' smoking cessation must be prioritized. The data are limited, and more research is needed to better understand how smoking affects the liver. This article summarizes what is known about the pathologic effects of cigarette smoking on common liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Rutledge
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Amon Asgharpour
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Institute of Liver Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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14
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Maglione GA, Kurtz ML, Orona NS, Astort F, Brites F, Morales C, Berra A, Tasat DR. Changes in extrapulmonary organs and serum enzyme biomarkers after chronic exposure to Buenos Aires air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14529-14542. [PMID: 32048188 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban air pollution is a serious environmental problem in developing countries worldwide, and health is a pressing issue in the megacities in Latin America. Buenos Aires is a megacity with an estimated moderate Air Quality Index ranging from 42 to 74 μg/m3. Exposure to Urban Air Particles from Buenos Aires (UAP-BA) induces morphological and physiological respiratory alterations; nevertheless, no studies on extrapulmonary organs have been performed. The aim of the present study was to explore the health effects of chronic exposure to UAP-BA (1, 6, 9, and 12 months) on the liver, heart, and serum risk biomarkers. BALB/c mice were exposed to UAP-BA or filtered air (FA) in inhalation chambers, and liver and heart histopathology, oxidative metabolism (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; lipoperoxidation, TBARS), amino transaminases (AST, ALT) as serum risk biomarkers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), paraxonase-1 (PON-1), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) were evaluated. Chronic exposure to real levels of UAP in Buenos Aires led to alterations in extrapulmonary organs associated with inflammation and oxidative imbalance and to changes in liver and heart risk biomarkers. Our results may reflect the impact of the persistent air pollution in Buenos Aires on individuals living in this Latin American megacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Alberto Maglione
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Melisa Lidia Kurtz
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Soledad Orona
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Astort
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Berra
- National Research Council (CONICET), Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Ocular Investigation Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah Ruth Tasat
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Chen X, Ma T, Yip R, Perumalswami PV, Branch AD, Lewis S, Crane M, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Elevated prevalence of moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis in World Trade Center General Responder Cohort in a program of CT lung screening. Clin Imaging 2019; 60:237-243. [PMID: 31945662 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To determine the prevalence of moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis (HS) and associated risk factors in members of the World Trade Center (WTC) General Responder Cohort (GRC) who qualify for low-dose non-contrast computed tomography for lung cancer screening and compare them to non-WTC participants in the same screening program. METHODS All participants gave written informed consent before participating in this IRB-approved study. Clinical variables and laboratory values were recorded. Hepatic attenuation measurement (Hounsfield unit; HU) was measured on low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and a threshold attenuation value <40HU indicated moderate-to-severe HS. Bivariate and multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. Propensity scores (PS) were calculated and inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to adjust for potential confounders when comparing the WTC with non-WTC participants. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate-to-severe HS was 16.2% among 154 WTC participants compared to 5.3% among 170 non-WTC participants. In WTC members, moderate-to-severe HS was associated with higher BMI, higher laboratory liver function tests, and former smoking status. Using PS analysis and IPW to account for potential confounders, the odds ratio for moderate-to-severe HS was 3.4-fold higher (95% confidence interval: 1.7-6.7) in the WTC participants compared with non-WTC participants. Moderate-to-severe HS was also associated with higher BMI and former smoker status. CONCLUSION Prevalence of moderate-to-severe HS was >3-fold higher in the WTC-GRC group than in other participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmeng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen 529030, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Radiology, Tong Ren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Rowena Yip
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Ponni V Perumalswami
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Andrea D Branch
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Sara Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Michael Crane
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - David F Yankelevitz
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Claudia I Henschke
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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16
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Pejhan A, Agah J, Adli A, Mehrabadi S, Raoufinia R, Mokamel A, Abroudi M, Ghalenovi M, Sadeghi Z, Bolghanabadi Z, Bazghandi MS, Hamidnia M, Salimi F, Pajohanfar NS, Dadvand P, Rad A, Miri M. Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and newborn liver function. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:447-453. [PMID: 30951939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution has been associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes. However, the available evidence on the impact of air pollution exposures on liver enzymes is still scarce. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between exposure to ambient PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 during pregnancy and serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in cord blood samples of newborns. Moreover, the association between total street length in different buffers and distance to major roads at the maternal residential address and liver enzymes were investigated. This cross-sectional study was based on data from a sample of 150 newborns, from Sabzevar, Iran. Land use regression models were used to estimate concentrations of air pollutants at home during pregnancy. Multiple linear regression was developed to estimate association of AST, ALT, ALP and GGT with air pollution controlled for relevant covariates. In fully adjusted models, increase in PM1 and PM2.5 as well as PM10 were associated with higher levels of AST, ALT and GGT. Moreover, there was a significant association between total street length in a 100 m buffer at residential address with AST, ALT and GGT. Each meter increase in distance to major roads was associated with -0.017 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.028, -0.006) decrease in AST. Overall, our findings were supportive for association between PMs exposure during pregnancy and increase in liver enzymes in newborns. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in other settings and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Pejhan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Jila Agah
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Adli
- Department of Genetic, Sabzevar Branch, Izlami Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saide Mehrabadi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ramin Raoufinia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Adel Mokamel
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, KhalKhal, Iran
| | - Mina Abroudi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mina Ghalenovi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadeghi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Zahra Bolghanabadi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Malihe Sadat Bazghandi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Masoud Hamidnia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Nasim Sadat Pajohanfar
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
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17
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Silvani S, Figliuzzi M, Remuzzi A. Toxicological evaluation of airborne particulate matter. Are cell culture technologies ready to replace animal testing? J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1484-1491. [PMID: 31025406 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) can affect human health, causing asthma, atherosclerosis, renal disease and cancer. In the last few years, outdoor air pollution has increased globally, leading to a public health emergency. Epidemiological studies have reported a correlation between the development of severe respiratory and systemic diseases and exposure to PM. To evaluate the toxic effect of PM of different origins, conventional experimental toxicological investigations have been conducted in animals; however, animal experimentation poses major ethical issues and usually differs from human conditions. As an alternative, human cell cultures are increasingly being used to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms of PM toxicity. Although 2D cell cultures have been proven helpful, they are far from being a valid alternative to animal tests. Recently, 3D cell culture and organ-on-chip technology have provided systems that are more complex and that can be more informative for toxicity studies. In this review, the results of the 2D systems that are most frequently used for PM toxicity evaluations are summarized with a special focus on their limitations. We also examined to which extent 3D cell culture and particularly the organ-on-chip technology may overcome these limitations and represent effective tools to improve airborne PM toxicity evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silvani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Figliuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine (BG), Italy.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
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Association of Ambient Air Pollution with Increased Liver Enzymes in Korean Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071213. [PMID: 30987355 PMCID: PMC6479611 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An association between exposure to air pollution and liver enzymes in certain areas or older people has been reported in the literature; however, it cannot be generalized to the general population. We investigated the association between air pollution, liver enzyme levels, and alcohol consumption using nationwide data of South Korean adults. Air pollutants included particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO). Liver enzymes included alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Exposure to air pollutants were significantly associated with elevation of log ALT and log AST, especially increases from 0.0073 IU/L (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.0042, 0.0104) to 0.0251 IU/L (95% CI = 0.0132, 0.0371) per interquartile range (IQR) increase of each pollutant (all pollutants: p < 0.001). Association of the liver enzymes with PM10 (β (95% CI) = 0.0285 IU/L (0.0201, 0.0368) for log ALT; β (95% CI) = 0.0139 IU/L (0.0079, 0.0198) for log AST) and CO (β (95% CI) = 0.0247 IU/L (0.0182, 0.0311) for log ALT; β (95% CI) = 0.0164 IU/L (0.0118, 0.0210) for log AST) were only significant among drinkers. Our findings suggest that chronic exposure to PM10 and CO is a risk factor for liver enzymes increases among the general adult population who admitted to drinking alcohol.
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Johnston JE, Lim E, Roh H. Impact of upstream oil extraction and environmental public health: A review of the evidence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:187-199. [PMID: 30537580 PMCID: PMC6344296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Upstream oil extraction, which includes exploration and operation to bring crude oil to the surface, frequently occurs near human populations. There are approximately 40,000 oil fields globally and 6 million people that live or work nearby. Oil extraction can impact local soil, water, and air, which in turn can influence community health. As oil resources are increasingly being extracted near human populations, we highlight the current scope of scientific knowledge regarding potential community health impacts with the aim to help identify scientific gaps and inform policy discussions surrounding oil drilling operations. In this review, we assess the wide range of both direct and indirect impacts that oil drilling operations can have on human health, with specific emphasis on understanding the body of scientific literature to assess potential environmental and health risks to residents living near active onshore oil extraction sites. From an initial literature search capturing 2236 studies, we identified 22 human studies, including 5 occupational studies, 5 animal studies, 6 experimental studies and 31 oil drilling-related exposure studies relevant to the scope of this review. The current evidence suggests potential health impacts due to exposure to upstream oil extraction, such as cancer, liver damage, immunodeficiency, and neurological symptoms. Adverse impacts to soil, air, and water quality in oil drilling regions were also identified. Improved characterization of exposures by community health studies and further study of the chemical mixtures associated with oil extraction will be critical to determining the full range of health risks to communities living near oil extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Johnston
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Esther Lim
- Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Hannah Roh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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