1
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Kumar S, Schoonderwoerd MJA, Kroonen JS, de Graaf IJ, Sluijter M, Ruano D, González-Prieto R, Verlaan-de Vries M, Rip J, Arens R, de Miranda NFCC, Hawinkels LJAC, van Hall T, Vertegaal ACO. Targeting pancreatic cancer by TAK-981: a SUMOylation inhibitor that activates the immune system and blocks cancer cell cycle progression in a preclinical model. Gut 2022; 71:2266-2283. [PMID: 35074907 PMCID: PMC9554032 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the characteristics of high-density desmoplastic stroma, a distinctive immunosuppressive microenvironment and is profoundly resistant to all forms of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, leading to a 5-year survival rate of 9%. Our study aims to add novel small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of PDAC. DESIGN We have studied whether TAK-981, a novel highly selective and potent small molecule inhibitor of the small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) activating enzyme E1 could be used to treat a preclinical syngeneic PDAC mouse model and we have studied the mode of action of TAK-981. RESULTS We found that SUMOylation, a reversible post-translational modification required for cell cycle progression, is increased in PDAC patient samples compared with normal pancreatic tissue. TAK-981 decreased SUMOylation in PDAC cells at the nanomolar range, thereby causing a G2/M cell cycle arrest, mitotic failure and chromosomal segregation defects. TAK-981 efficiently limited tumour burden in the KPC3 syngeneic mouse model without evidence of systemic toxicity. In vivo treatment with TAK-981 enhanced the proportions of activated CD8 T cells and natural killer (NK) cells but transiently decreased B cell numbers in tumour, peripheral blood, spleen and lymph nodes. Single cell RNA sequencing revealed activation of the interferon response on TAK-981 treatment in lymphocytes including T, B and NK cells. TAK-981 treatment of CD8 T cells ex vivo induced activation of STAT1 and interferon target genes. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that pharmacological inhibition of the SUMO pathway represents a potential strategy to target PDAC via a dual mechanism: inhibiting cancer cell cycle progression and activating anti-tumour immunity by inducing interferon signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jessie S Kroonen
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona J de Graaf
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Ruano
- Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Román González-Prieto
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jasper Rip
- Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Meng F, Yuan Y, Ren H, Yue H, Xu B, Qian J. SUMOylation regulates Rb hyperphosphorylation and inactivation in uveal melanoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:622-633. [PMID: 34839558 PMCID: PMC8819297 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO)ylation is one of the posttranslational modifications and is implicated in many tumor types. Modulation of SUMOylation can affect tumor progression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that, for the first time, in uveal melanoma (UM), the most common intraocular malignancy in adults, global SUMOylation is upregulated and participates in tumor growth. Inhibition of SUMOylation in UM is sufficient to reduce tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is a target protein and a critical downstream effector of the upregulated SUMOylation activity in UM. Increased SUMOylation of the Rb protein leads to its hyperphosphorylation and inactivation in UM cells, promoting UM cell proliferation. In summary, our results provide novel insight into the mechanism underlying SUMOylation‐regulated tumor growth in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxi Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Yue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Huang H, Li L, Wen K. Interactions between long non‑coding RNAs and RNA‑binding proteins in cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:256. [PMID: 34676873 PMCID: PMC8548813 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) fulfill important roles in the majority of cellular processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer. However, to date, the functions of only a small number of the known lncRNAs have been well-documented. lncRNAs comprise a class of multifunctional non-coding transcripts that are able to interact with different types of biomolecules. Interactions between lncRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) provide an important mechanism through which lncRNAs exert their regulatory functions, mainly through findings on ‘generalized RBPs’. Regulatory effects on lncRNAs mediated by RBPs have also been explored. Taking account of the research that has been completed to date, the continued and in-depth study of the bidirectional interactions between lncRNAs and RBPs will prove to be of major importance for understanding the pathogenesis of cancer and for developing effective therapies. The present review aims to explore the interactions between lncRNAs and RBPs that have been investigated in cancer, taking into consideration several different aspects, including the regulation of expression, subcellular localization and the mediation of diverse functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handong Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Kunming Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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4
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Lightcap ES, Yu P, Grossman S, Song K, Khattar M, Xega K, He X, Gavin JM, Imaichi H, Garnsey JJ, Koenig E, Zhang H, Lu Z, Shah P, Fu Y, Milhollen MA, Hatton BA, Riceberg J, Shinde V, Li C, Minissale J, Yang X, England D, Klinghoffer RA, Langston S, Galvin K, Shapiro G, Pulukuri SM, Fuchs SY, Huszar D. A small-molecule SUMOylation inhibitor activates antitumor immune responses and potentiates immune therapies in preclinical models. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eaba7791. [PMID: 34524860 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba7791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Lightcap
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Grossman
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Keli Song
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mithun Khattar
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristina Xega
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xingyue He
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James M Gavin
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hisashi Imaichi
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James J Garnsey
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Erik Koenig
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hongru Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pooja Shah
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu Fu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael A Milhollen
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Jessica Riceberg
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vaishali Shinde
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cong Li
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James Minissale
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dylan England
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Steve Langston
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katherine Galvin
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gary Shapiro
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sai M Pulukuri
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis Huszar
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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5
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Ma Y, North BJ, Shu J. Regulation of topoisomerase II stability and activity by ubiquitination and SUMOylation: clinical implications for cancer chemotherapy. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6589-6601. [PMID: 34476738 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases II (TOP2) are peculiar enzymes (TOP2α and TOP2β) that modulate the conformation of DNA by momentarily breaking double-stranded DNA to allow another strand to pass through, and then rejoins the DNA phosphodiester backbone. TOP2α and TOP2β play vital roles in nearly all events involving DNA metabolism, including DNA transcription, replication, repair, and chromatin remodeling. Beyond these vital functions, TOP2 enzymes are therapeutic targets for various anticancer drugs, termed TOP2 poisons, such as teniposide, etoposide, and doxorubicin. These drugs exert their antitumor activity by inhibiting the activity of TOP2-DNA cleavage complexes (TOP2ccs) containing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), subsequently leading to the degradation of TOP2 by the 26S proteasome, thereby exposing the DSBs and eliciting a DNA damage response. Failure of the DSBs to be appropriately repaired leads to genomic instability. Due to this mechanism, patients treated with TOP2-based drugs have a high incidence of secondary malignancies and cardiotoxicity. While the cytotoxicity associated with TOP2 poisons appears to be TOP2α-dependent, the DNA sequence rearrangements and formation of DSBs appear to be mediated primarily through TOP2β inhibition, likely due to the differential degradation patterns of TOP2α and TOP2β. Research over the past few decades has shown that under various conditions, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the SUMOylation pathway are primarily responsible for regulating the stability and activity of TOP2 and are therefore critical regulators of the therapeutic effect of TOP2-targeting drugs. In this review, we summarize the current progress on the regulation of TOP2α and TOP2β by ubiquitination and SUMOylation. By fully elucidating the basic biology of these essential and complex molecular mechanisms, better strategies may be developed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of TOP2 poisons and minimize the risks of therapy-related secondary malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Brian J North
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Shu
- HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315020, China.
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6
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Wang L, Qian J, Yang Y, Gu C. Novel insights into the impact of the SUMOylation pathway in hematological malignancies (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:73. [PMID: 34368858 PMCID: PMC8360622 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) system serves an important role in the regulation of protein stability and function. SUMOylation sustains the homeostatic equilibrium of protein function in normal tissues and numerous types of tumor. Accumulating evidence has revealed that SUMO enzymes participate in carcinogenesis via a series of complex cellular or extracellular processes. The present review outlines the physiological characteristics of the SUMOylation pathway and provides examples of SUMOylation participation in different cancer types, including in hematological malignancies (leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma). It has been indicated that the SUMO pathway may influence chromosomal instability, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and chemical drug resistance. The present review also discussed the possible relationship between SUMOylation and carcinogenic mechanisms, and evaluated their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies. Developing and investigating inhibitors of SUMO conjugation in the future may offer promising potential as novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ye Yang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
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7
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Kroonen JS, Kruisselbrink AB, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Olaofe OO, Bovée JVMG, Vertegaal ACO. SUMOylation Is Associated with Aggressive Behavior in Chondrosarcoma of Bone. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153823. [PMID: 34359724 PMCID: PMC8345166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary SUMO is a ubiquitin-like post-translational modification important for many cellular processes and is suggested to play a role in cancer cell cycle progression. The aim of our study is to understand the role of SUMOylation in tumor progression and aggressiveness. Chondrosarcoma of bone was employed as a model to investigate if SUMOylation contributes to its aggressiveness. We confirmed that SUMO expression levels correlate with aggressiveness of chondrosarcoma and disease outcome. Inhibition of SUMOylation showed promising effects on reduction of chondrosarcoma growth in vitro. Our study implies that SUMO expression could be used as a potential biomarker for disease outcome in chondrosarcoma. Abstract Multiple components of the SUMOylation machinery are deregulated in various cancers and could represent potential therapeutic targets. Understanding the role of SUMOylation in tumor progression and aggressiveness would increase our insight in the role of SUMO in cancer and clarify its potential as a therapeutic target. Here we investigate SUMO in relation to conventional chondrosarcomas, which are malignant cartilage forming tumors of the bone. Aggressiveness of chondrosarcoma increases with increasing histological grade, and a multistep progression model is assumed. High-grade chondrosarcomas have acquired an increased number of genetic alterations. Using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMA) containing 137 chondrosarcomas, we showed that higher expression of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 correlates with increased histological grade. In addition, high SUMO2/3 expression was associated with decreased overall survival chances (p = 0. 0312) in chondrosarcoma patients as determined by log-rank analysis and Cox regression. Various chondrosarcoma cell lines (n = 7), especially those derived from dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, were sensitive to SUMO inhibition in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that SUMO E1 inhibition interferes with cell division and as a consequence DNA bridges are frequently formed between daughter cells. In conclusion, SUMO expression could potentially serve as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie S. Kroonen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Alwine B. Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.B.K.); (I.H.B.-d.B.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Inge H. Briaire-de Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.B.K.); (I.H.B.-d.B.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Olaejirinde O. Olaofe
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.B.K.); (I.H.B.-d.B.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Judith V. M. G. Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.B.K.); (I.H.B.-d.B.); (O.O.O.)
- Correspondence: (J.V.M.G.B.); (A.C.O.V.)
| | - Alfred C. O. Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (J.V.M.G.B.); (A.C.O.V.)
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8
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Subramonian D, Chen TA, Paolini N, Zhang XDD. Poly-SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2 facilitates CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:855-873. [PMID: 33910471 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1907509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMO modification is required for the kinetochore localization of the kinesin-like motor protein CENP-E, which subsequently mediates the alignment of chromosomes to the spindle equator during mitosis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which sumoylation regulates CENP-E kinetochore localization are still unclear. In this study, we first elucidate that the kinetochore protein Nuf2 is not only required for CENP-E kinetochore localization but also preferentially modified by poly-SUMO-2/3 chains. In addition, poly-SUMO-2/3 modification of Nuf2 is significantly upregulated during mitosis, which is temporally correlated to the kinetochore localization of CENP-E during mitosis. We further show that the mitotic defects in CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression caused by global inhibition of sumoylation can be rescued by expressing a fusion protein between Nuf2 and the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 for stimulating Nuf2 SUMO-2/3 modification. Moreover, the expression of another fusion protein between Nuf2 and three SUMO-2 moieties (SUMO-2 trimer), which mimics the trimeric SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2, can also rescue the mitotic defects due to global inhibition of sumoylation. Conversely, expressing the other forms of Nuf2-SUMO fusion proteins, which imitate Nuf2 modifications by SUMO-2/3 monomer, SUMO-2/3 dimer, and SUMO-1 trimer, respectively, cannot rescue the same mitotic defects. Lastly, compared to Nuf2, the fusion protein simulating the trimeric SUMO-2 chain-modified Nuf2 exhibits a significantly higher binding affinity to CENP-E wild type containing a functional SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) but not the CENP-E SIM mutant. Hence, our results support a model that poly-SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2 facilitates CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression during mitosis.Abbreviations: CENP-E, centromere-associated protein E; SUMO, small ubiquitin-related modifier; SIM, SUMO-interacting motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Subramonian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Te-An Chen
- Department of Biology, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiang-Dong David Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Biology, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
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9
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Xu D, Bi J, Guan Y, Luo X, Chen X, Lv Y, Jin Y. Effects of the E1 activating enzyme UBA2 on porcine oocyte maturation, apoptosis, and embryonic development in vitro. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13548. [PMID: 33835647 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the E1 activating enzyme UBA2 on the expression of the SUMO-1 protein during in vitro maturation (IVM) of pig oocytes and embryonic development. In the 5 μg/ml UBA2 treatment group, the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and the embryo cleavage rate was significantly increased, while the proapoptotic gene Bax was significantly reduced. When 10 μg/ml UBA2 was added, the in vitro maturation rate, blastocyst rate, and SUMO-1 protein content of oocytes increased significantly (p < .05), and the expression of proapoptotic gene Caspase3 was significantly decreased (p < .05), while the viability of cumulus cells was extremely significantly reduced (p < .01). In summary, UBA2 can regulate the content of the SUMO-1 protein in mature pig oocytes in vitro, which in turn affects the maturation rate of oocytes, expression of apoptosis genes, cumulus cell viability, and the development of embryos after fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Bi
- College of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Yunfeng Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaotong Luo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yanqiu Lv
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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10
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Langston SP, Grossman S, England D, Afroze R, Bence N, Bowman D, Bump N, Chau R, Chuang BC, Claiborne C, Cohen L, Connolly K, Duffey M, Durvasula N, Freeze S, Gallery M, Galvin K, Gaulin J, Gershman R, Greenspan P, Grieves J, Guo J, Gulavita N, Hailu S, He X, Hoar K, Hu Y, Hu Z, Ito M, Kim MS, Lane SW, Lok D, Lublinsky A, Mallender W, McIntyre C, Minissale J, Mizutani H, Mizutani M, Molchinova N, Ono K, Patil A, Qian M, Riceberg J, Shindi V, Sintchak MD, Song K, Soucy T, Wang Y, Xu H, Yang X, Zawadzka A, Zhang J, Pulukuri SM. Discovery of TAK-981, a First-in-Class Inhibitor of SUMO-Activating Enzyme for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2501-2520. [PMID: 33631934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates protein function through covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins. The process of SUMOylating proteins involves an enzymatic cascade, the first step of which entails the activation of a SUMO protein through an ATP-dependent process catalyzed by SUMO-activating enzyme (SAE). Here, we describe the identification of TAK-981, a mechanism-based inhibitor of SAE which forms a SUMO-TAK-981 adduct as the inhibitory species within the enzyme catalytic site. Optimization of selectivity against related enzymes as well as enhancement of mean residence time of the adduct were critical to the identification of compounds with potent cellular pathway inhibition and ultimately a prolonged pharmacodynamic effect and efficacy in preclinical tumor models, culminating in the identification of the clinical molecule TAK-981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Langston
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen Grossman
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dylan England
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Roushan Afroze
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Neil Bence
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Douglas Bowman
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nancy Bump
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryan Chau
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bei-Ching Chuang
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher Claiborne
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Kelly Connolly
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Katherine Galvin
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey Gaulin
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachel Gershman
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul Greenspan
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jessica Grieves
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jianping Guo
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nanda Gulavita
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shumet Hailu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xingyue He
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kara Hoar
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yongbo Hu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhigen Hu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mitsuhiro Ito
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Mi-Sook Kim
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scott Weston Lane
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Lok
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anya Lublinsky
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William Mallender
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles McIntyre
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Minissale
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hirotake Mizutani
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Miho Mizutani
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nina Molchinova
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Koji Ono
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Ashok Patil
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark Qian
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jessica Riceberg
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vaishali Shindi
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael D Sintchak
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Keli Song
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Teresa Soucy
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yana Wang
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - He Xu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Agatha Zawadzka
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ji Zhang
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sai M Pulukuri
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Garcia P, Harrod A, Jha S, Jenkins J, Barnhill A, Lee H, Thompson M, Williams JP, Barefield J, Mckinnon A, Suarez P, Shah A, Lowrey AJ, Bentz GL. Effects of targeting sumoylation processes during latent and induced Epstein-Barr virus infections using the small molecule inhibitor ML-792. Antiviral Res 2021; 188:105038. [PMID: 33577806 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the second leading cause of death in the United States, cancer has a considerable impact on society, and one cellular process that is commonly dysregulated in many cancers is the post-translational modification of proteins by the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO; sumoylation). We documented that sumoylation processes are up-regulated in lymphoma tissues in the presence of Latent Membrane Protein-1 (LMP1), the principal oncoprotein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). LMP1-mediated dysregulation of cellular sumoylation processes contributes to oncogenesis, modulates innate immune responses, and aids the maintenance of viral latency. Manipulation of protein sumoylation has been proposed for anti-cancer and anti-viral therapies; however, known inhibitors of sumoylation do not only target sumoylation processes. Recently, a specific and selective small-molecule inhibitor of sumoylation (ML-792) was identified; however, nothing is known about the effect of ML-792 on LMP1-mediated dysregulation of cellular sumoylation or the EBV life-cycle. We hypothesized that ML-792 modulates viral replication and the oncogenic potential of EBV LMP1 by inhibiting protein sumoylation. Results showed that ML-792 inhibited sumoylation processes in multiple EBV-positive B cell lines and EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines but not in their EBV-negative counterparts. Focusing on its effect on B cells, ML-792 inhibited B-cell growth and promoted cell death at very low doses. ML-792 also modulated LMP1-induced cell migration and cell adhesion, which suggests the abrogation of the oncogenic potential of LMP1. Finally, while higher concentrations of ML-792 were sufficient to induce low levels EBV spontaneous reactivation, they decreased the production of new infectious virus following an induced reactivation and the infection of new cells, suggesting that ML-792 has anti-viral potential. Together, these findings suggest that ML-792 may be a potential therapeutic drug to treat EBV-associated lymphoid malignancies by targeting oncogenesis and the EBV life-cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Garcia
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Abigail Harrod
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Shruti Jha
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Jenkins
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Alex Barnhill
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Holden Lee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Merritt Thompson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | | | - James Barefield
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Ashton Mckinnon
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Persia Suarez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Ananya Shah
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Angela J Lowrey
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Gretchen L Bentz
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA.
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12
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Double-edged role of PML nuclear bodies during human adenovirus infection. Virus Res 2020; 295:198280. [PMID: 33370557 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PML nuclear bodies are matrix-bound nuclear structures with a variety of functions in human cells. These nuclear domains are interferon regulated and play an essential role during virus infections involving accumulation of SUMO-dependent host and viral factors. PML-NBs are targeted and subsequently manipulated by adenoviral regulatory proteins, illustrating their crucial role during productive infection and virus-mediated oncogenic transformation. PML-NBs have a longstanding antiviral reputation; however, the genomes of Human Adenoviruses and initial sites of viral transcription/replication are found juxtaposed to these domains, resulting in a double-edged capacity of these nuclear multiprotein/multifunctional complexes. This enigma provides evidence that Human Adenoviruses selectively counteract antiviral responses, and simultaneously benefit from or even depend on proviral PML-NB associated components by active recruitment to PML track-like structures, that are induced during infection. Thereby, a positive microenvironment for adenoviral transcription and replication is created at these nuclear subdomains. Based on the available data, this review aims to provide a detailed overview of the current knowledge of Human Adenovirus crosstalk with nuclear PML body compartments as sites of SUMOylation processes in the host cells, evaluating the currently known principles and molecular mechanisms.
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13
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications of cellular substrates with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs), including ubiquitin, SUMOs, and neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8, play a central role in regulating many aspects of cell biology. The UBL conjugation cascade is initiated by a family of ATP-dependent enzymes termed E1 activating enzymes and executed by the downstream E2-conjugating enzymes and E3 ligases. Despite their druggability and their key position at the apex of the cascade, pharmacologic modulation of E1s with potent and selective drugs has remained elusive until 2009. Among the eight E1 enzymes identified so far, those initiating ubiquitylation (UBA1), SUMOylation (SAE), and neddylation (NAE) are the most characterized and are implicated in various aspects of cancer biology. To date, over 40 inhibitors have been reported to target UBA1, SAE, and NAE, including the NAE inhibitor pevonedistat, evaluated in more than 30 clinical trials. In this Review, we discuss E1 enzymes, the rationale for their therapeutic targeting in cancer, and their different inhibitors, with emphasis on the pharmacologic properties of adenosine sulfamates and their unique mechanism of action, termed substrate-assisted inhibition. Moreover, we highlight other less-characterized E1s-UBA6, UBA7, UBA4, UBA5, and autophagy-related protein 7-and the opportunities for targeting these enzymes in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The clinical successes of proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy and the emerging resistance to these agents have prompted the exploration of other signaling nodes in the ubiquitin-proteasome system including E1 enzymes. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the biology of different E1 enzymes, their roles in cancer, and how to translate this knowledge into novel therapeutic strategies with potential implications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir H Barghout
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.H.B., A.D.S.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.H.B., A.D.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt (S.H.B.)
| | - Aaron D Schimmer
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.H.B., A.D.S.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.H.B., A.D.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt (S.H.B.)
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14
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Cuijpers SAG, Willemstein E, Ruppert JG, van Elsland DM, Earnshaw WC, Vertegaal ACO. Chromokinesin KIF4A teams up with stathmin 1 to regulate abscission in a SUMO-dependent manner. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs248591. [PMID: 32591481 PMCID: PMC7390632 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division ends when two daughter cells physically separate via abscission, the cleavage of the intercellular bridge. It is not clear how the anti-parallel microtubule bundles bridging daughter cells are severed. Here, we present a novel abscission mechanism. We identified chromokinesin KIF4A, which is adjacent to the midbody during cytokinesis, as being required for efficient abscission. KIF4A is regulated by post-translational modifications. We evaluated modification of KIF4A by the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO. We mapped lysine 460 in KIF4A as the SUMO acceptor site and employed CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing to block SUMO conjugation of endogenous KIF4A. Failure to SUMOylate this site in KIF4A delayed cytokinesis. SUMOylation of KIF4A enhanced the affinity for the microtubule destabilizer stathmin 1 (STMN1). We here present a new level of abscission regulation through the dynamic interactions between KIF4A and STMN1 as controlled by SUMO modification of KIF4A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A G Cuijpers
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Willemstein
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G Ruppert
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JR Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Daphne M van Elsland
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JR Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Role of PML SUMOylation in arsenic trioxide-induced fibrosis in HSCs. Life Sci 2020; 251:117607. [PMID: 32240679 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic trioxide (ATO) can bind directly to the human promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, leading to modification of PML by SUMOs. UBC9 is the only known E2-conjugating enzyme involved in SUMOylation. PML degradation via RNF4, an E3 ubiquitin ligases family member. PML is key organizer of nuclear bodies (NBs) that regulate many biological processes such as senescence, and DNA damage. ATO can activate the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway, causing liver fibrosis. However, the roles of PML Sumoylation in ATO-induced liver fibrosis remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of PML Sumoylation in the ATO-induced HSCs activation and to improve the mechanism of ATO-induced liver fibrosis. METHODS Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were treated with 2 μmol/L ATO. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 analysis. Immunoblot analysis and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, α-SMA, Collagen I and PML SUMOylation after silencing PML, UBC9, and RNF4, respectively. The formation of PML-NBs was observed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS 2 and 5 μmol/L ATO intervention increased HSCs cell viability. ATO was able to significantly trigger PML SUMOylation and the formation of PML-NBs. Inhibition of SUMOylated PML by silencing UBC9, subsequently preventing the downregulation of HSCs activation indicators induced by ATO (P < 0.05). Conversely, enhancing SUMOylated PML accumulation by silencing RNF4, activating TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway, eventually promoting the induction of liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION These results indicated that PML SUMOylation plays a critical role in the development of liver fibrosis induced by ATO.
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16
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Wesalo JS, Luo J, Morihiro K, Liu J, Deiters A. Phosphine-Activated Lysine Analogues for Fast Chemical Control of Protein Subcellular Localization and Protein SUMOylation. Chembiochem 2020; 21:141-148. [PMID: 31664790 PMCID: PMC6980333 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Staudinger reduction and its variants have exceptional compatibility with live cells but can be limited by slow kinetics. Herein we report new small-molecule triggers that turn on proteins through a Staudinger reduction/self-immolation cascade with substantially improved kinetics and yields. We achieved this through site-specific incorporation of a new set of azidobenzyloxycarbonyl lysine derivatives in mammalian cells. This approach allowed us to activate proteins by adding a nontoxic, bioorthogonal phosphine trigger. We applied this methodology to control a post-translational modification (SUMOylation) in live cells, using native modification machinery. This work significantly improves the rate, yield, and tunability of the Staudinger reduction-based activation, paving the way for its application in other proteins and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Wesalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)
| | - Ji Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)
| | - Kunihiko Morihiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)
| | - Jihe Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)
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17
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Cowell IG, Ling EM, Swan RL, Brooks MLW, Austin CA. The Deubiquitinating Enzyme Inhibitor PR-619 is a Potent DNA Topoisomerase II Poison. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:562-572. [PMID: 31515282 PMCID: PMC6776009 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
2,6-Diaminopyridine-3,5-bis(thiocyanate) (PR-619) is a broad-spectrum deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) inhibitor that has been employed in cell-based studies as a tool to investigate the role of ubiquitination in various cellular processes. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to its action as a DUB inhibitor, PR-619 is a potent DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) poison, inducing both DNA topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) and DNA topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) covalent DNA complexes with similar efficiency to the archetypal TOP2 poison etoposide. However, in contrast to etoposide, which induces TOP2-DNA complexes with a pan-nuclear distribution, PR-619 treatment results in nucleolar concentration of TOP2A and TOP2B. Notably, neither the induction of TOP2-DNA covalent complexes nor their nucleolar concentration are due to TOP2 hyperubiquitination since both occur even under conditions of depleted ubiquitin. Like etoposide, since PR-619 affected TOP2 enzyme activity in in vitro enzyme assays as well as in live cells, we conclude that PR-619 interacts directly with TOP2A and TOP2B. The concentration at which PR-619 exhibits robust cellular DUB inhibitor activity (5-20 μM) is similar to the lowest concentration at which TOP2 poison activity was detected (above 20 μM), which suggests that caution should be exercised when employing this DUB inhibitor in cell-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Cowell
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elise M Ling
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Swan
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matilda L W Brooks
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A Austin
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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18
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Aichem A, Sailer C, Ryu S, Catone N, Stankovic-Valentin N, Schmidtke G, Melchior F, Stengel F, Groettrup M. The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 interferes with SUMO activation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4452. [PMID: 31575873 PMCID: PMC6773726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The covalent attachment of the cytokine-inducible ubiquitin-like modifier HLA-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) to hundreds of substrate proteins leads to their rapid degradation by the 26 S proteasome independently of ubiquitylation. Here, we identify another function of FAT10, showing that it interferes with the activation of SUMO1/2/3 in vitro and down-regulates SUMO conjugation and the SUMO-dependent formation of promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) bodies in cells. Mechanistically, we show that FAT10 directly binds to and impedes the activity of the heterodimeric SUMO E1 activating enzyme AOS1/UBA2 by competing very efficiently with SUMO for activation and thioester formation. Nevertheless, activation of FAT10 by AOS1/UBA2 does not lead to covalent conjugation of FAT10 with substrate proteins which relies on its cognate E1 enzyme UBA6. Hence, we report that one ubiquitin-like modifier (FAT10) inhibits the conjugation and function of another ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) by impairing its activation. FAT10 is an ubiquitin-like modifier that targets proteins to proteasomal degradation. Here, the authors show that FAT10 also regulates SUMO activation in vitro and in cells, providing evidence for functional crosstalk between two ubiquitin-like modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Aichem
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. .,Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Carolin Sailer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stella Ryu
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nicola Catone
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Stankovic-Valentin
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunter Schmidtke
- Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Frauke Melchior
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Stengel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
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19
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Bouchard DM, Matunis MJ. A cellular and bioinformatics analysis of the SENP1 SUMO isopeptidase in pancreatic cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 10:821-830. [PMID: 31602319 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2019.05.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation is an important post-translational modification that involves the conjugation of the Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO) onto target proteins. This modification is reversed through the catalytic activity of SUMO isopeptidases, known as SENPs. One of these SENPs, SENP1, was reported to be overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer cells and patient tissues. Since elevated SENP1 expression levels can be used as a prognostic marker for a subset of cancers, we set out to further explore the overexpression of SENP1 in pancreatic cancer. We found that SENP1 protein levels were not significantly different between pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas-derived cell lines. To evaluate SENP1 expression in patient samples, we analyzed large publicly available datasets and found that SENP1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in pancreatic cancer tissue as compared to normal pancreas tissue samples. Furthermore, we found that the SENP1 gene is amplified in less than 1% of sequenced pancreatic cancer patient samples and that expression levels have no association with patient survival. Based on our analysis, we conclude that SENP1 is not overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and is therefore not likely to be an effective biomarker for this disease. Through this work, we also outline a simple but powerful bioinformatics workflow for the assessment of mRNA expression levels, genomic alterations and survival analysis for putative biomarkers for common human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Matunis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Li YJ, Du L, Aldana-Masangkay G, Wang X, Urak R, Forman SJ, Rosen ST, Chen Y. Regulation of miR-34b/c-targeted gene expression program by SUMOylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:7108-7123. [PMID: 29893976 PMCID: PMC6101486 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The miR-34 family of microRNAs suppresses the expression of proteins involved in pluripotency and oncogenesis. miR-34 expression is frequently reduced in cancers; however, the regulation of their expression is not well understood. We used genome-wide miRNA profiling and mechanistic analysis to show that SUMOylation regulates miR-34b/c expression, which impacts the expression of c-Myc and other tested miR-34 targets. We used site-directed mutagenesis and other methods to show that protein kinase B (also known as Akt) phosphorylation of FOXO3a plays an important role in SUMOylation-dependent expression of miR-34b/c. This study reveals how the miR-34-targeted gene expression program is regulated by SUMOylation and shows that SUMOylation need not regulate target proteins through direct modification, but instead can act through the expression of their targeting miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jia Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Li Du
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Grace Aldana-Masangkay
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ryan Urak
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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21
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Li YJ, Du L, Wang J, Vega R, Lee TD, Miao Y, Aldana-Masangkay G, Samuels ER, Li B, Ouyang SX, Colayco SA, Bobkova EV, Divlianska DB, Sergienko E, Chung TDY, Fakih M, Chen Y. Allosteric Inhibition of Ubiquitin-like Modifications by a Class of Inhibitor of SUMO-Activating Enzyme. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:278-288.e6. [PMID: 30581133 PMCID: PMC6524651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like (Ubl) post-translational modifications are potential targets for therapeutics. However, the only known mechanism for inhibiting a Ubl-activating enzyme is through targeting its ATP-binding site. Here we identify an allosteric inhibitory site in the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-activating enzyme (E1). This site was unexpected because both it and analogous sites are deeply buried in all previously solved structures of E1s of ubiquitin-like modifiers (Ubl). The inhibitor not only suppresses SUMO E1 activity, but also enhances its degradation in vivo, presumably due to a conformational change induced by the compound. In addition, the lead compound increased the expression of miR-34b and reduced c-Myc levels in lymphoma and colorectal cancer cell lines and a colorectal cancer xenograft mouse model. Identification of this first-in-class inhibitor of SUMO E1 is a major advance in modulating Ubl modifications for therapeutic aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jia Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Li Du
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianghai Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ramir Vega
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Terry D Lee
- Department of Immunology, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yunan Miao
- Department of Immunology, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Grace Aldana-Masangkay
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Eric R Samuels
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Baozong Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S Xiaohu Ouyang
- SUMO Biosciences, Inc., 2265 E Foothill Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Sharon A Colayco
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ekaterina V Bobkova
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela B Divlianska
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas D Y Chung
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marwan Fakih
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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22
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Li J, Sun X, He P, Liu WQ, Zou YB, Wang Q, Meng XW. Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2 promotes cell migration and invasion through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4773-4786. [PMID: 30479464 PMCID: PMC6235804 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i42.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the function and mechanism of ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2 (Uba2) in progression of gastric cancer (GC) cells.
METHODS Uba2 level in patients with GC was analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. MTT and colony formation assays were performed to examine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to examine the effects of Uba2 on migration and invasion. Expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, and involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was assessed by Western blotting. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was confirmed by luciferase assay.
RESULTS Uba2 expression was higher in GC than in normal tissues. Increased Uba2 expression was correlated with tissue differentiation, Lauren’s classification, vascular invasion, and TNM stage, as determined by the analysis of 100 GC cases (P < 0.05). Knock-down of Uba2 inhibited GC cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and altered expression of cyclin D1, P21, P27, and Bcl-2, while up-regulation of Uba2 showed the opposite effects. The wound healing and Transwell assays showed that Uba2 promoted GC cell migration and invasion. Western blotting revealed alterations in EMT biomarkers, suggesting the role of Uba2 in EMT. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter assay indicated the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as a possible modulator of Uba2 oncogenic functions.
CONCLUSION Uba2 plays a vital role in GC cell migration and invasion, possibly by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wan-Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ya-Bin Zou
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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23
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He P, Sun X, Cheng HJ, Zou YB, Wang Q, Zhou CL, Liu WQ, Hao YM, Meng XW. UBA2 promotes proliferation of colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5552-5562. [PMID: 30387828 PMCID: PMC6236309 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier proteins are involved in tumorigenesis; however, the potential effects and functions of the family member ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 2 (UBA2) on colorectal cancer are not clear. The present study aimed to examine the effects of UBA2 on the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The mRNA and protein expression levels of UBA2 in patients with colorectal cancer were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. UBA2 expression levels in colorectal cancer tissues were significantly increased compared with the paracancerous normal tissues. The expression of UBA2 was also associated with higher stage colorectal cancer and poor prognosis. MTT and colony formation assays were used to examine proliferation in colorectal cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the effects of UBA2 on the cell cycle and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cell lines and protein expression levels were examined by western blotting. Athymic nude mice were used to examine the ability of transfected colorectal cancer cells to form tumors in vivo. Downregulation of UBA2 inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo through the regulation of cell cycle associated protein expression and apoptosis. Furthermore, downregulation of UBA2 decreased the expression levels of cyclin B1, B-cell lymphoma-2, phosphorylated protein kinase B and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MDM2 in colorectal cancer cells, whereas the expression levels of p21 and p27 were increased. UBA2 was demonstrated to serve an essential role in the proliferation of colorectal cancer and may be used as a potential biomarker to predict prognosis and as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Jing Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Bin Zou
- Department of Pathology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Li Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ming Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Wei Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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24
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Zhou M, Lin F, Xu W, Jin R, Xu A. Decreased SUMOylation of the retinoblastoma protein in keratinocytes during the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3469-3475. [PMID: 30066925 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of SUMOylation in the pathogenesis of vitiligo has not been reported previously. The present study aimed to reveal abnormalities in small ubiquitin‑like modifier (SUMO) conjugation in keratinocytes from depigmented lesions of patients with vitiligo and confirm the role of SUMOylation in keratinocytes from patients with vitiligo. Skin samples used for immunohistochemistry were obtained by punch biopsy from the depigmented lesions of 6 patients. Blisters were produced by vacuum and the roofs were collected for keratinocyte culture. HaCaT cells were transduced with SUMO1 knockdown vectors. The protein expression of SUMO1, SUMO‑specific peptidase 1 (SENP1), ubiquitin‑conjugating enzyme E2 I (Ubc9), SUMO‑activating enzyme subunit 1 (SAE1), cyclin‑dependent kinase (CDK)2, CDK6, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), retinoblastoma protein (Rb), phosphorylated Rb (pRb) and β‑actin was assessed by western blotting. The SUMOylation status of proteins was assessed by immunoprecipitation. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry and cell proliferation rate was investigated using a Cell Counting Kit‑8. The results demonstrated that the levels of SUMO1‑conjugated proteins were decreased in vitiligo lesions and vitiligo keratinocytes compared with normal controls. The protein expression of Ubc9 was decreased and SENP1 was increased in vitiligo keratinocytes compared with normal keratinocytes, with no alterations in SAE1 expression. Following knockdown of SUMO1 in HaCaT cells, the proliferation of HaCaT cells was reduced and the cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of PCNA, CDK2, CDK6 and pRb were reduced in SUMO1‑knockdown HaCaT cells, and SUMOylated Rb was also decreased markedly in keratinocytes from lesions of patients with vitiligo compared with normal keratinocytes. In conclusion, vitiligo lesions in the present study exhibited dysregulated SUMOylation and deSUMOylation balance and dysregulation of cell cycle progression may be present in SUMO1 knockdown HaCaT cells. These results indicate that deSUMOylation of Rb of keratinocytes may serve an important role in vitiligo, providing a novel direction for the study into the mechanism of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoni Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Fuquan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Aie Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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25
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SUMO targets the APC/C to regulate transition from metaphase to anaphase. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1119. [PMID: 29549242 PMCID: PMC5856775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) regulates a myriad of nuclear processes. Here we report on the role of SUMO in mitosis in human cell lines. Knocking down the SUMO conjugation machinery results in a delay in mitosis and defects in mitotic chromosome separation. Searching for relevant SUMOylated proteins in mitosis, we identify the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a master regulator of metaphase to anaphase transition. The APC4 subunit is the major SUMO target in the complex, containing SUMO acceptor lysines at positions 772 and 798. SUMOylation is crucial for accurate progression of cells through mitosis and increases APC/C ubiquitylation activity toward a subset of its targets, including the newly identified target KIF18B. Combined, our findings demonstrate the importance of SUMO signal transduction for genome integrity during mitotic progression and reveal how SUMO and ubiquitin cooperate to drive mitosis.
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26
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Han ZJ, Feng YH, Gu BH, Li YM, Chen H. The post-translational modification, SUMOylation, and cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1081-1094. [PMID: 29484374 PMCID: PMC5843405 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification which has emerged as a crucial molecular regulatory mechanism, involved in the regulation of DNA damage repair, immune responses, carcinogenesis, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Four SUMO isoforms have been identified, which are SUMO1, SUMO2/3 and SUMO4. The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway is conserved in all eukaryotes and plays pivotal roles in the regulation of gene expression, cellular signaling and the maintenance of genomic integrity. The SUMO catalytic cycle includes maturation, activation, conjugation, ligation and de-modification. The dysregulation of the SUMO system is associated with a number of diseases, particularly cancer. SUMOylation is widely involved in carcinogenesis, DNA damage response, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis. SUMO can be used as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. In this review, we briefly outline the basic concepts of the SUMO system and summarize the involvement of SUMO proteins in cancer cells in order to better understand the role of SUMO in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Han
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hu Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Hong Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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27
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Xiong Y, Ye C, Yang N, Li M, Liu H. Ubc9 Binds to ADAP and Is Required for Rap1 Membrane Recruitment, Rac1 Activation, and Integrin-Mediated T Cell Adhesion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:4142-4154. [PMID: 29127148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the immune adaptor adhesion and degranulation-promoting adaptor protein (ADAP) acts as a key mediator of integrin inside-out signaling leading to T cell adhesion, the regulation of this adaptor during integrin activation and clustering remains unclear. We now identify Ubc9, the sole small ubiquitin-related modifier E2 conjugase, as an essential regulator of ADAP where it is required for TCR-induced membrane recruitment of the small GTPase Rap1 and its effector protein RapL and for activation of the small GTPase Rac1 in T cell adhesion. We show that Ubc9 interacted directly with ADAP in vitro and in vivo, and the association was increased in response to anti-CD3 stimulation. The Ubc9-binding domain on ADAP was mapped to a nuclear localization sequence (aa 674-700) within ADAP. Knockdown of Ubc9 by short hairpin RNA or expression of the Ubc9-binding-deficient ADAP mutant significantly decreased TCR-induced integrin adhesion to ICAM-1 and fibronectin, as well as LFA-1 clustering, although it had little effect on the TCR proximal signaling responses and TCR-induced IL-2 transcription. Furthermore, downregulation of Ubc9 impaired TCR-mediated Rac1 activation and attenuated the membrane targeting of Rap1 and RapL, but not Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that Ubc9 acts as a functional binding partner of ADAP and plays a selective role in integrin-mediated T cell adhesion via modulation of Rap1-RapL membrane recruitment and Rac1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Xiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; and
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Naiqi Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; and
| | - Madanqi Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; and
| | - Hebin Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; and .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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28
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De Andrade JP, Lorenzen AW, Wu VT, Bogachek MV, Park JM, Gu VW, Sevenich CM, Cassady VC, Beck AC, Kulak MV, Robinson RA, Lal G, Weigel RJ. Targeting the SUMO pathway as a novel treatment for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114801-114815. [PMID: 29383121 PMCID: PMC5777733 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are expanded in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and standard treatment approaches have failed to improve survival, suggesting a need to specifically target the CSC population. Recent studies in breast and colorectal cancer demonstrated that inhibition of the SUMO pathway repressed CD44 and cleared the CSC population, mediated through SUMO-unconjugated TFAP2A. We sought to evaluate effects of inhibiting the SUMO pathway in ATC. ATC cell lines and primary ATC tumor samples were evaluated. The SUMO pathway was inhibited by knockdown of PIAS1 and use of SUMO inhibitors anacardic acid and PYR-41. The expression of TFAP2A in primary ATC was examined by immunohistochemistry. All ATC cell lines expressed TFAP2A but only 8505C expressed SUMO-conjugated TFAP2A. In 8505C only, inhibition of the SUMO pathway by knockdown of PIAS1 or treatment with SUMO inhibitors repressed expression of CD44 with a concomitant loss of SUMO-conjugated TFAP2A. The effect of SUMO inhibition on CD44 expression was dependent upon TFAP2A. Treatment with SUMO inhibitors resulted in a statistically improved tumor-free survival in mice harboring 8505C xenografts. An examination of primary ATC tissue determined that TFAP2A was expressed in 4 of 11 tumors surveyed. We conclude that inhibition of the SUMO pathway repressed the CSC population, delaying the outgrowth of tumor xenografts in ATC. The effect of SUMO inhibition was dependent upon expression of SUMO-conjugated TFAP2A, which may serve as a molecular marker for therapeutic effects of SUMO inhibitors. The findings provide pre-clinical evidence for development of SUMO inhibitors for the treatment of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent T Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Jung M Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vivian W Gu
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Anna C Beck
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mikhail V Kulak
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Geeta Lal
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ronald J Weigel
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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29
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He X, Riceberg J, Soucy T, Koenig E, Minissale J, Gallery M, Bernard H, Yang X, Liao H, Rabino C, Shah P, Xega K, Yan ZH, Sintchak M, Bradley J, Xu H, Duffey M, England D, Mizutani H, Hu Z, Guo J, Chau R, Dick LR, Brownell JE, Newcomb J, Langston S, Lightcap ES, Bence N, Pulukuri SM. Probing the roles of SUMOylation in cancer cell biology by using a selective SAE inhibitor. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:1164-1171. [PMID: 28892090 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) family proteins regulate target-protein functions by post-translational modification. However, a potent and selective inhibitor targeting the SUMO pathway has been lacking. Here we describe ML-792, a mechanism-based SUMO-activating enzyme (SAE) inhibitor with nanomolar potency in cellular assays. ML-792 selectively blocks SAE enzyme activity and total SUMOylation, thus decreasing cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that induction of the MYC oncogene increased the ML-792-mediated viability effect in cancer cells, thus indicating a potential application of SAE inhibitors in treating MYC-amplified tumors. Using ML-792, we further explored the critical roles of SUMOylation in mitotic progression and chromosome segregation. Furthermore, expression of an SAE catalytic-subunit (UBA2) S95N M97T mutant rescued SUMOylation loss and the mitotic defect induced by ML-792, thus confirming the selectivity of ML-792. As a potent and selective SAE inhibitor, ML-792 provides rapid loss of endogenously SUMOylated proteins, thereby facilitating novel insights into SUMO biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue He
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Riceberg
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Teresa Soucy
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik Koenig
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Minissale
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa Gallery
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hugues Bernard
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hua Liao
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudia Rabino
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pooja Shah
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristina Xega
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhong-Hua Yan
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mike Sintchak
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Bradley
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - He Xu
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matt Duffey
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dylan England
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hirotake Mizutani
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhigen Hu
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianping Guo
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan Chau
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawrence R Dick
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James E Brownell
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Newcomb
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steve Langston
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric S Lightcap
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil Bence
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sai M Pulukuri
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Xu J, Shumate C, Qin Y, Reddy V, Burnam Y, Lopez V, Okoli J, P Reddy ES, Rao VN. A novel Ubc9 -dependent pathway regulates SIRT1- ER-α Axis and BRCA1-associated TNBC lung metastasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4. [PMID: 31341634 DOI: 10.15761/imm.1000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease and has a higher rate of recurrence and distant metastasis. African-American (AA) women have a higher frequency of BRCA1 mutations and TNBC compared to other populations. Basal-like tumors have a higher rate of brain, lung and distant nodal metastasis more than other TNBC subtypes, contributing to higher mortality rate. Our previous work suggested Ubc9, a SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme to induce proliferation and migration of BRCA1-incompetent TNBC cells and TNBC cell lines established from the pleural effusion metastasis of a woman with TNBC. To understand the downstream signaling axis involved in distant metastasis we have used clinically relevant BRCA1 mutant and lung metastatic TNBC cell lines and our results show deregulated expression of caveolin-1, VEGF and SIRT1 in these cells compared to normal mammary epithelial cells by immunofluorescence analysis. We observed SIRT1 to be induced by wild type BRCA1a and BRCA1a I26A mutant unlike the disease associated Ubc9 binding mutants in TNBC cells. Knock down of Ubc9 induced SIRT1 expression in TNBC and ER-α expression in breast cancer cells. This is the first report demonstrating a role for Ubc9 in repressing both SIRT1 and ER-α expression in BRCA1 associated TNBC cells. It also suggests that the BARD-dependent E3 Ubiquitin ligase and HR (homologous recombination) activity of BRCA1 may not be required for inducing SIRT1 expression. Our results suggest for the first time that in BRCA1 mutant TNBC Ubc9-mediated induction of VEGF, inhibition of caveolin-1, SIRT1 and ER-α expression as a novel molecular mechanism underlying TNBC EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition) leading to lung metastasis with pleural effusion. Drugs that target Ubc9 to both induce SIRT1 and ER-α or using SIRT1 agonists in combination with chemotherapy can be used as a promising targeted therapeutic approach for treating basal-like metastatic BRCA1-linked TNBC thus reducing the mortality in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Xu
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
| | - Collin Shumate
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
| | - Yulong Qin
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
| | - Vaishali Reddy
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
| | - Yonte Burnam
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
| | - Victoria Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Joel Okoli
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - E Shyam P Reddy
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
| | - Veena N Rao
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of OB/GYN, Morehouse School of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health System,USA
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Namuduri AV, Heras G, Mi J, Cacciani N, Hörnaeus K, Konzer A, Lind SB, Larsson L, Gastaldello S. A Proteomic Approach to Identify Alterations in the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) Network during Controlled Mechanical Ventilation in Rat Diaphragm Muscle. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1081-1097. [PMID: 28373296 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.066159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is as a regulator of many cellular functions by reversible conjugation to a broad number of substrates. Under endogenous or exogenous perturbations, the SUMO network becomes a fine sensor of stress conditions by alterations in the expression level of SUMO enzymes and consequently changing the status of SUMOylated proteins. The diaphragm is the major inspiratory muscle, which is continuously active under physiological conditions, but its structure and function is severely affected when passively displaced for long extents during mechanical ventilation (MV). An iatrogenic condition called Ventilator-Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction (VIDD) is a major cause of failure to wean patients from ventilator support but the molecular mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are not fully understood. Using a unique experimental Intensive Care Unit (ICU) rat model allowing long-term MV, diaphragm muscles were collected in rats control and exposed to controlled MV (CMV) for durations varying between 1 and 10 days. Endogenous SUMOylated diaphragm proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and validated with in vitro SUMOylation systems. Contractile, calcium regulator and mitochondrial proteins were of specific interest due to their putative involvement in VIDD. Differences were observed in the abundance of SUMOylated proteins between glycolytic and oxidative muscle fibers in control animals and high levels of SUMOylated proteins were present in all fibers during CMV. Finally, previously reported VIDD biomarkers and therapeutic targets were also identified in our datasets which may play an important role in response to muscle weakness seen in ICU patients. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006085. Username: reviewer26663@ebi.ac.uk, Password: rwcP5W0o.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Venkat Namuduri
- From the ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Heras
- From the ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Jia Mi
- §Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Science for Lab Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 599, Uppsala, SE-75124, Sweden.,¶Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264003 China
| | - Nicola Cacciani
- From the ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Katarina Hörnaeus
- §Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Science for Lab Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 599, Uppsala, SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Anne Konzer
- §Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Science for Lab Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 599, Uppsala, SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Sara Bergström Lind
- §Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Science for Lab Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 599, Uppsala, SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Lars Larsson
- From the ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden.,‖Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801; and.,**Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Stefano Gastaldello
- From the ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden;
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Pichler A, Fatouros C, Lee H, Eisenhardt N. SUMO conjugation - a mechanistic view. Biomol Concepts 2017; 8:13-36. [PMID: 28284030 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of protein fate by modification with the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) plays an essential and crucial role in most cellular pathways. Sumoylation is highly dynamic due to the opposing activities of SUMO conjugation and SUMO deconjugation. SUMO conjugation is performed by the hierarchical action of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes, while its deconjugation involves SUMO-specific proteases. In this review, we summarize and compare the mechanistic principles of how SUMO gets conjugated to its substrate. We focus on the interplay of the E1, E2 and E3 enzymes and discuss how specificity could be achieved given the limited number of conjugating enzymes and the thousands of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pichler
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chronis Fatouros
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heekyoung Lee
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Eisenhardt
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Liu Y, Zhao D, Qiu F, Zhang LL, Liu SK, Li YY, Liu MT, Wu D, Wang JX, Ding XQ, Liu YX, Dong CJ, Shao XQ, Yang BF, Chu WF. Manipulating PML SUMOylation via Silencing UBC9 and RNF4 Regulates Cardiac Fibrosis. Mol Ther 2017; 25:666-678. [PMID: 28143738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is essential in the assembly of dynamic subnuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which are involved in regulating diverse cellular functions. However, the possibility of PML being involved in cardiac disease has not been examined. In mice undergoing transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) injection, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was upregulated along with dynamic alteration of PML SUMOylation. In cultured neonatal mouse cardiac fibroblasts (NMCFs), ATO, angiotensin II (Ang II), and fetal bovine serum (FBS) significantly triggered PML SUMOylation and the assembly of PML-NBs. Inhibition of SUMOylated PML by silencing UBC9, the unique SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme, reduced the development of cardiac fibrosis and partially improved cardiac function in TAC mice. In contrast, enhancing SUMOylated PML accumulation, by silencing RNF4, a poly-SUMO-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, accelerated the induction of cardiac fibrosis and promoted cardiac function injury. PML colocalized with Pin1 (a positive regulator for TGF-β1 mRNA expression in PML-NBs) and increased TGF-β1 activity. These findings suggest that the UBC9/PML/RNF4 axis plays a critical role as an important SUMO pathway in cardiac fibrosis. Modulating the protein levels of the pathway provides an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Fang Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Tong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Ding
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Jiang Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.
| | - Wen-Feng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.
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Wei L, Zhao X. Roles of SUMO in Replication Initiation, Progression, and Termination. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1042:371-393. [PMID: 29357067 PMCID: PMC6643980 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6955-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accurate genome duplication during cell division is essential for life. This process is accomplished by the close collaboration between replication factors and many additional proteins that provide assistant roles. Replication factors establish the replication machineries capable of copying billions of nucleotides, while regulatory proteins help to achieve accuracy and efficiency of replication. Among regulatory proteins, protein modification enzymes can bestow fast and reversible changes to many targets, leading to coordinated effects on replication. Recent studies have begun to elucidate how one type of protein modification, sumoylation, can modify replication proteins and regulate genome duplication through multiple mechanisms. This chapter summarizes these new findings, and how they can integrate with the known regulatory circuitries of replication. As this area of research is still at its infancy, many outstanding questions remain to be explored, and we discuss these issues in light of the new advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhao
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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35
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Sharpe MA, Baskin DS. Monoamine oxidase B levels are highly expressed in human gliomas and are correlated with the expression of HiF-1α and with transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3379-93. [PMID: 26689994 PMCID: PMC4823113 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases A and B (MAOA and MAOB) are highly expressed in many cancers. Here we investigated the level of MAOB in gliomas and confirmed its high expression. We found that MAOB levels correlated with tumor grade and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HiF-1α) expression. HiF-1α was localized to the nuclei in high-grade gliomas, but it was primarily cytosolic in low-grade gliomas and normal human astrocytes. Expression of both glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and MAOB are correlated to HiF-1α expression levels. Levels of MAOB are correlated by the levels of transcription factor Sp3 in the majority of GBM examined, but this control of MAOB expression by Sp3 in low grade astrocytic gliomas is significantly different from control in the in the majority of glioblastomas. The current findings support previous suggestions that MAOB can be exploited for the killing of cancer cells. Selective cell toxicity can be achieved by designing non-toxic prodrugs that require MAOB for their catalytic conversion into mature cytotoxic chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn A Sharpe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David S Baskin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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36
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Bogachek MV, Park JM, De Andrade JP, Lorenzen AW, Kulak MV, White JR, Gu VW, Wu VT, Weigel RJ. Inhibiting the SUMO Pathway Represses the Cancer Stem Cell Population in Breast and Colorectal Carcinomas. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:1140-1151. [PMID: 27916539 PMCID: PMC5161532 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many solid cancers have an expanded CD44+/hi/CD24−/low cancer stem cell (CSC) population, which are relatively chemoresistant and drive recurrence and metastasis. Achieving a more durable response requires the development of therapies that specifically target CSCs. Recent evidence indicated that inhibiting the SUMO pathway repressed tumor growth and invasiveness, although the mechanism has yet to be clarified. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of the SUMO pathway repressed MMP14 and CD44 with a concomitant reduction in cell invasiveness and functional loss of CSCs in basal breast cancer. Similar effects were demonstrated with a panel of E1 and E3 SUMO inhibitors. Identical results were obtained in a colorectal cancer cell line and primary colon cancer cells. In both breast and colon cancer, SUMO-unconjugated TFAP2A mediated the effects of SUMO inhibition. These data support the development of SUMO inhibitors as an approach to specifically target the CSC population in breast and colorectal cancer. Sumoylation regulates CD44 and MMP14 expression in basal breast and colon cancer SUMO inhibition clears cancer stem cells, repressing invasiveness and tumor growth Anacardic acid functions as a SUMO inhibitor to repress cancer stem cells TFAP2A mediates anti-tumor effects of SUMO inhibition in breast and colon cancers
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Bogachek
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1516 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jung M Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1516 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - James P De Andrade
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1516 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Allison W Lorenzen
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1516 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mikhail V Kulak
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1516 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeffrey R White
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1516 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Vivian W Gu
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1516 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Vincent T Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1516 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ronald J Weigel
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1516 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Singla S, Zhou T, Javaid K, Abbasi T, Casanova N, Zhang W, Ma SF, Wade MS, Noth I, Sweiss NJ, Garcia JGN, Machado RF. Expression profiling elucidates a molecular gene signature for pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis. Pulm Circ 2016; 6:465-471. [PMID: 28090288 PMCID: PMC5210052 DOI: 10.1086/688316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), when it complicates sarcoidosis, carries a poor prognosis, in part because it is difficult to detect early in patients with worsening respiratory symptoms. Pathogenesis of sarcoidosis occurs via incompletely characterized mechanisms that are distinct from the mechanisms of pulmonary vascular remodeling well known to occur in conjunction with other chronic lung diseases. To address the need for a biomarker to aid in early detection as well as the gap in knowledge regarding the mechanisms of PH in sarcoidosis, we used genome-wide peripheral blood gene expression analysis and identified an 18-gene signature capable of distinguishing sarcoidosis patients with PH (n = 8), sarcoidosis patients without PH (n = 17), and healthy controls (n = 45). The discriminative accuracy of this 18-gene signature was 100% in separating sarcoidosis patients with PH from those without it. If validated in a large replicate cohort, this signature could potentially be used as a diagnostic molecular biomarker for sarcoidosis-associated PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunit Singla
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Kamran Javaid
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Taimur Abbasi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nancy Casanova
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shwu-Fan Ma
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael S. Wade
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Imre Noth
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nadera J. Sweiss
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
Thymidylate (dTMP) biosynthesis plays an essential and exclusive function in DNA synthesis and proper cell division, and therefore has been an attractive therapeutic target. Folate analogs, known as antifolates, and nucleotide analogs that inhibit the enzymatic action of the de novo thymidylate biosynthesis pathway and are commonly used in cancer treatment. In this review, we examine the mechanisms by which the antifolate 5-fluorouracil, as well as other dTMP synthesis inhibitors, function in cancer treatment in light of emerging evidence that dTMP synthesis occurs in the nucleus. Nuclear localization of the de novo dTMP synthesis pathway requires modification of the pathway enzymes by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein. SUMOylation is required for nuclear localization of the de novo dTMP biosynthesis pathway, and disruption in the SUMO pathway inhibits cell proliferation in several cancer models. We summarize evidence that the nuclear localization of the dTMP biosynthesis pathway is a critical factor in the efficacy of antifolate-based therapies that target dTMP synthesis.
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SUMOylation of large tumor suppressor 1 at Lys751 attenuates its kinase activity and tumor-suppressor functions. Cancer Lett 2016; 386:1-11. [PMID: 27847303 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Large tumor suppressor (Lats) plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and is the core to mediate Hippo growth-inhibitory signaling pathway. SUMOylation is a reversible and dynamic process that regulates a variety of cell functions. Here, we show that SUMOylation of Lats1 affects its kinase activity specifically towards Hippo signaling. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) 1 interacts with and directly SUMOylates Lats1, whereas loss of SUMOylation pathway function disrupts Lats1 SUMOylation. Among potential SUMOylation sites on hLats1, K751 and K830 are conversed and essential for maintaining the transcriptional output of Hippo signaling, whereas K751 mutation more significantly abolishes SUMO1-induced Lats1 SUMOylation than K830 mutation. Though Lats1 SUMOylation at K751 affects neither its subcellular distribution nor its interactions with YAP and TAZ, it significantly destabilizes the phosphorylated Lats1 (Thr1079 but not Ser909), resulting in the attenuation of Lats1 kinase activity and inhibition of Hippo signaling. Moreover, HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells express significantly more SUMOylated Lats1 than LO2 normal human hepatic cells, and in HepG2 cells or HepG2 cells xenografts, Lats1 SUMOylation at K751 consistently attenuates Lats1 kinase activity and subsequently suppresses Hippo signaling, resulting in not only the promotion of cell proliferation and colony formation but also the suppression of cell apoptosis. Together, we demonstrate that Lats1 SUMOylation at K751 suppresses its kinase activity and subsequently attenuates its tumor-suppressor functions. Thus, this study provides additional insight into how Hippo signaling is regulated and highlights the potentially critical role of Lats1 SUMOylation in tumor development.
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Role of SUMO activating enzyme in cancer stem cell maintenance and self-renewal. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12326. [PMID: 27465491 PMCID: PMC4974481 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have key roles in treatment resistance, tumour metastasis and relapse. Using colorectal cancer (CC) cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tissues and patient tissues, here we report that CC CSCs, which resist chemoradiation, have higher SUMO activating enzyme (E1) and global SUMOylation levels than non-CSCs. Knockdown of SUMO E1 or SUMO conjugating enzyme (E2) inhibits CC CSC maintenance and self-renewal, while overexpression of SUMO E1 or E2 increases CC cell stemness. We found that SUMOylation regulates CSCs through Oct-1, a transcription factor for aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). ALDH activity is not only a marker for CSCs but also important in CSC biology. SUMO does not modify Oct-1 directly, but regulates the expression of TRIM21 that enhances Oct-1 ubiquitination and, consequently, reducing Oct-1 stability. In summary, our findings suggest that SUMOylation could be a target to inhibit CSCs and ultimately to reduce treatment resistance, tumour metastasis and relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have key roles in tumor initiation and metastasis. Here, the authors show that the SUMO E1 and global sumoylation levels are high in colorectal CSCs and that depletion of the catalytic subunit of the SUMO E1, SAE2, affects CSCs self-renewal through TRIM21-mediated degradation of the Oct1, a transcription factor for ALDH.
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Banani SF, Rice AM, Peeples WB, Lin Y, Jain S, Parker R, Rosen MK. Compositional Control of Phase-Separated Cellular Bodies. Cell 2016; 166:651-663. [PMID: 27374333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular bodies such as P bodies and PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs) appear to be phase-separated liquids organized by multivalent interactions among proteins and RNA molecules. Although many components of various cellular bodies are known, general principles that define body composition are lacking. We modeled cellular bodies using several engineered multivalent proteins and RNA. In vitro and in cells, these scaffold molecules form phase-separated liquids that concentrate low valency client proteins. Clients partition differently depending on the ratio of scaffolds, with a sharp switch across the phase diagram diagonal. Composition can switch rapidly through changes in scaffold concentration or valency. Natural PML NBs and P bodies show analogous partitioning behavior, suggesting how their compositions could be controlled by levels of PML SUMOylation or cellular mRNA concentration, respectively. The data suggest a conceptual framework for considering the composition and control thereof of cellular bodies assembled through heterotypic multivalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman F Banani
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Allyson M Rice
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - William B Peeples
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Saumya Jain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Roy Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Wang F, Cai F, Shi R, Wei JN, Wu XT. Hypoxia regulates sumoylation pathways in intervertebral disc cells: implications for hypoxic adaptations. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1113-24. [PMID: 26826302 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the hypoxic regulation of sumoylation pathways and cell viability in nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells. DESIGN Expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) molecules, SUMO E1 activating enzymes SAE1 and SAE2, SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme UBC9, and de-sumoylation enzyme sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases (SENP)1 was immunolocalized in rat intervertebral disc (IVD) cells. NP and AF cells were cultured in hypoxia and cell viability was evaluated by quantifying cell proliferation, cellular senescence, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution. Hypoxic regulation of sumoylation pathways was studied by analyzing the transcription and expression of SUMO molecules and sumoylation enzymes. Loss of function study using SENP1 siRNA was performed to investigate the regulatory role of sumoylation on the function of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and the hypoxic tolerance of IVD cells. RESULTS Sumoylation pathways were expressed in IVD cells and localized predominantly in nuclei. Both NP and AF cells maintained viability under hypoxia and upregulated the expression of SENP1. In NP cells hypoxia transiently increased the expression of SUMO-1, SUMO-2/3, SAE2, and UBC9, whereas SUMO-1 was elevated while SUMO-2/3, SAE1, SAE2, and UBC9 were reduced by low oxygen tensions in AF cells. Although downregulation of SENP1 decreased the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α, the viability of disc cells showed no significant loss under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS NP and AF cells equally tolerate oxygen deficiency, but differently regulate the sumoylation pathways under hypoxia. The distinct sumoylation dynamics may help extend our understanding of the cell-specific regulation of the molecular basis that promotes cell survival in the hypoxic IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - F Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - R Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - J-N Wei
- Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - X-T Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
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43
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Meng F, Qian J, Yue H, Li X, Xue K. SUMOylation of Rb enhances its binding with CDK2 and phosphorylation at early G1 phase. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1724-32. [PMID: 27163259 PMCID: PMC4957593 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1182267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is a prototypical tumor suppressor that is vital to the negative regulation of the cell cycle and tumor progression. Hypo-phosphorylated Rb is associated with G0/G1 arrest by suppressing E2F transcription factor activity, whereas Rb hyper-phosphorylation allows E2F release and cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase. However, the factors that regulate cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK)-dependent hyper-phosphorylation of Rb during the cell cycle remain obscure. In this study, we show that throughout the cell cycle, Rb is specifically small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylated at early G1 phase. SUMOylation of Rb stimulates its phosphorylation level by recruiting a SUMO-interaction motif (SIM)-containing kinase CDK2, leading to Rb hyper-phosphorylation and E2F-1 release. In contrast, a SUMO-deficient Rb mutant results in reduced SUMOylation and phosphorylation, weakened CDK2 binding, and attenuated E2F-1 sequestration. Furthermore, we reveal that Rb SUMOylation is required for cell proliferation. Therefore, our study describes a novel mechanism that regulates Rb phosphorylation during cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxi Meng
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiang Qian
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Han Yue
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Kang Xue
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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Identification of new SUMO activating enzyme 1 inhibitors using virtual screening and scaffold hopping. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1218-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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BRCA1 Mutation Leads to Deregulated Ubc9 Levels which Triggers Proliferation and Migration of Patient-Derived High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC DISEASES & THERAPY 2016; 2:31-38. [PMID: 28164176 PMCID: PMC5287352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Women who carry a germline mutation in BRCA1 gene typically develop triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) and high grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC). Previously, we reported that wild type BRCA1 proteins, unlike the disease-associated mutant BRCA1 proteins to bind the sole sumo E2-conjugating enzyme Ubc9. In this study, we have used clinically relevant cell lines with known BRCA1 mutations and report the in-vivo association of BRCA1 and Ubc9 in normal mammary epithelial cells but not in BRCA1 mutant HGSOC and TNBC cells by immunofluorescence analysis. BRCA1-mutant HGSOC/TNBC cells and ovarian tumor tissues showed increased expression of Ubc9 compared to BRCA1 reconstituted HGSOC, normal mammary epithelial cells and matched normal ovarian tissues. Knockdown of Ubc9 expression resulted in decreased proliferation and migration of BRCA1 mutant TNBC and HGSOC cells. This is the first study demonstrating the functional link between BRCA1 mutation, high Ubc9 expression and increased migration of HGSOC and TNBC cells. High Ubc9 expression due to BRCA1 mutation may trigger an early growth and transformation advantage to normal breast and ovarian epithelial cells resulting in aggressive cancers. Future work will focus on studying whether Ubc9 expression could show a positive correlation with BRCA1 linked HGSOC and basal like TNBC phenotype.
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46
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Cha K, Sen P, Raghunayakula S, Zhang XD. The Cellular Distribution of RanGAP1 Is Regulated by CRM1-Mediated Nuclear Export in Mammalian Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141309. [PMID: 26506250 PMCID: PMC4624696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ran GTPase activating protein RanGAP1 plays an essential role in nuclear transport by stimulating RanGTP hydrolysis in the cytoplasmic compartment. In mammalian cells, unmodified RanGAP1 is predominantly cytoplasmic, whereas modification by small ubiquitin-related modifier protein (SUMO) targets RanGAP1 to the cytoplasmic filaments of nuclear pore complex (NPC). Although RanGAP1 contains nine putative nuclear export signals and a nuclear localization signal, little is known if RanGAP1 shuttles between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments and how its primary localization in the cytoplasm and at the NPC is regulated. Here we show that inhibition of CRM1-mediated nuclear export using RNAi-knockdown of CRM1 and inactivation of CRM1 by leptomycin B (LMB) results in nuclear accumulation of RanGAP1. LMB treatment induced a more robust redistribution of RanGAP1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleoplasm compared to CRM1 RNAi and also uniquely triggered a decrease or loss of RanGAP1 localization at the NPC, suggesting that LMB treatment is more effective in inhibiting CRM1-mediated nuclear export of RanGAP1. Our time-course analysis of LMB treatment reveals that the NPC-associated RanGAP1 is much more slowly redistributed to the nucleoplasm than the cytoplasmic RanGAP1. Furthermore, LMB-induced nuclear accumulation of RanGAP1 is positively correlated with an increase in levels of SUMO-modified RanGAP1, suggesting that SUMOylation of RanGAP1 may mainly take place in the nucleoplasm. Lastly, we demonstrate that the nuclear localization signal at the C-terminus of RanGAP1 is required for its nuclear accumulation in cells treated with LMB. Taken together, our results elucidate that RanGAP1 is actively transported between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, and that the cytoplasmic and NPC localization of RanGAP1 is dependent on CRM1-mediated nuclear export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Cha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Progga Sen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sarita Raghunayakula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xiang-Dong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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Eifler K, Vertegaal ACO. SUMOylation-Mediated Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression and Cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:779-793. [PMID: 26601932 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein conjugation with Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMOylation) has critical roles during cell cycle progression. Many important cell cycle regulators, including many oncogenes and tumor suppressors, are functionally regulated via SUMOylation. The dynamic SUMOylation pattern observed throughout the cell cycle is ensured via distinct spatial and temporal regulation of the SUMO machinery. Additionally, SUMOylation cooperates with other post-translational modifications to mediate cell cycle progression. Deregulation of these SUMOylation and deSUMOylation enzymes causes severe defects in cell proliferation and genome stability. Different types of cancer were recently shown to be dependent on a functioning SUMOylation system, a finding that could be exploited in anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Eifler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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